CN104782363A - Cultivation method for potted cumquat - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method for potted cumquat, and the method can enable the potted cumquat to be fruitful. The method comprises the steps of reasonable pruning, reasonable fertilizing and water controlling, flower protecting, fruit protecting, yellowing and disease controlling. The potted cumquat is moved outdoors in the first ten-day period of April in early spring, then pruning is performed, overlapping branches, old branches, crossing branches and insect-plague branches are pruned to save nutrients according to the principle that strong branches are pruned lightly and weak branches are pruned heavily, ventilating and light penetrating are performed, and new branches are promoted to grow to enable branches and leaves to be moderate in density and attractive and symmetrical in tree shape. At the beginning of May, when the plant starts to sprout the leaves and the branches, thin fertilizer solutions are suitable for being topdressed at a time every other 10-12 days, and the thin fertilizer solutions are thickened from the thinner fertilizer solutions at the beginning. When flowers and the leaves are flourishing in the first ten-day period of June, the water and fertilizer consumption is large, fertilizer and water are fertilized frequently, pinching is performed on the plant in order to centralize the nutrients to promote the flowers and protect the fruit, and therefore the potted cumquat can consciously bear more autumn fruit for appreciation in the Spring Festival.

Description

A kind of cultivation method of potted plant cumquat

Technical field

The present invention relates to field of agricultural cultivation, particularly relate to the cultivation method of potted plant cumquat.

Background technology

Cumquat has another name called golden jujube, golden mandarin orange, milk gold mandarin orange, goat milk tangerine, and belong to the evergreen filling of fragrant section, tree crown is spheroidal, the close life of branch, elliptic leaf shape or lanceolar, and look green matter is thick, and fruit can eat preserved fruit processed raw, generally does fruit growing.Because it is suitable for potted plant, at the beginning of 6 months, open white little Hua, can bloom 3-4 time continuously in 1 year.Fruit claims " volt fruit ", golden yellow, and also have red, size, as jujube, has delicate fragrance, opens autumn flower the 7-8 month, and the seat autumn fruit, November fruit maturation, ovalize or milk shape.Fruit-growing time is long, and blade is emerald green, morphological appearance, does not still fall after its fruit enters the winter, therefore is often made into the good merchantable brand that potted landscape is made for interior decoration, views and admires.Cumquat can close food, the fragrant and sweet acid of taste, the profusely delicate fragrance of food by skin and flesh.Its fruit, blade all can be made tea, and have the pleasant medicinal efficacy that reduces phlegm.

Cumquat originates in China, and all there is cultivation in existing Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Fujian, Hunan.Potted plant cumquat, enters greenery Cong Cong after the winter, haw or yellow fruit innumerable, shining, delicate fragrance is a burst of, and before window, desk arranges a basin, to make indoor vigorous, interesting.Plant cumquat, studied potted plant cumquat and to bloom the planting technology of many results more, made the new year Jia Jin fruit again and again have market significance.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to solve the problems of the technologies described above, provide a kind of and potted plant cumquat is bloomed the planting technology of many results more.

Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: a kind of culture technique of potted plant cumquat, and its method step comprises as follows:

(1) rational pruning;

After the beginning of spring, stay the needs of branch by globular model tree crown, select that 3-5 major branch is straggly to be stayed on trunk, by other unnecessary trunks, neat and base portion cuts off.Then according to the situation of stayed trunk power, cutting back respectively, strong branch can stay 4-5 bud to cut and cut; More weak branch can stay 2-3 bud to cut and cut; Through bimestrial growth, young sprout is roughly sent out together, and at this moment carry out second time and prune, but pruning rate can reduce, based on top clipping, when later young sprout often has 8 one 10 leaves will pinching once, the last pinching time, with life summer shoot can form bud and decide.

(2) rational application of fertilizer and button water;

With leaf mould 4 parts, sand 5 parts, 1 part, cake fertilizer time potted plant, the compost of mixed preparing.After first time prunes, execute the organic manure once become thoroughly decomposed, within every 10 days, mend again and execute an organic manure; When young sprout is sent out together, after pinching, impose quick-acting phosphate fertilizer; Cumquat is more than ten skies before the Limit of Heat, reduce irrigation amount gradually; To the Limit of Heat first about 5 days, stop watering.Every day early, spray a small amount of water to blade face evening, noon slightly can water a water in basin; When cumquat main bud and preparation bud all expand, time white by green turn, recover irrigation amount in time, and execute thin fertilizer;

(3) flower, fruit retention and short Huang is protected;

SPRING WHEAT BEFORE AND AFTER FLOWERING, at morning, at dusk to blade face spray cooling; As found, pumping young sprout will be extractd in time; Should suitable flower thinning when blooming, save nutrient; Xie Huahou can spray 0.3% one 0.4% urea or 0.3% composite fertilizers, and adds 2,4-D of 15ppm; When young fruit grows to 1 centimetre of size, carry out fruit thinning, every is stayed 2-3 fruit, and every raw 2-3 young fruit, selects and remain one; Wipe out autumn growth in time later, do not make second fruiting; If fruit maturation inclined morning, adopt shade, the way of lift-augmented mechanism postpones the maturing stage; If fruit maturation is partially slow, in the predetermined maturing stage first 25 days, be coated with fruit with 1500ppm ethrel, or the gibberellin of spray 20 1 50ppm;

(4) disease control;

1. cumquat leaf miner; When tip length is no more than 1 centimetre, carry out spraying control with biopesticide bacillus thuringiensis 100 times of liquid, or carry out spraying control with omethoate emulsifiable solution 1000 times of liquid;

2. the full pawl of citrus is hidden from; Emergence period is with 0.3 degree of lime sulfur or 40% dimethoate emulsion, 1000 times of liquid, or the 700 times of liquid spraying controls of 20% chlorfenson wetting powder, and every two weeks 1 time, sprays 3-4 time.

Beneficial effect of the present invention: culture technique of the present invention, with concentrated nutrition flower-promoting and fruit protecting, is cultivated many knot autumns really, appreciated consciously, increase the economic benefit of potted plant cumquat for during the Spring Festival with making potted plant cumquat.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention will be further described:

A culture technique for potted plant cumquat, its method step comprises as follows:

(1) rational pruning.After the beginning of spring, the temperature rises, and cumquat growth is very fast, must prune.Namely stay the needs of branch by globular model tree crown, select that 3-5 major branch is straggly to be stayed on trunk, by other unnecessary trunks, neat and base portion cuts off.Then according to the situation of stayed trunk power, cutting back respectively, strong branch can stay 4-5 bud to cut and cut; More weak branch can stay 2-3 bud to cut and cut.Like this, branch growing way can be adjusted, impel the multiple healthy and strong spring tip of each major branch, laying material base for blooming.Through bimestrial growth, young sprout is roughly sent out together.For controlling its too prosperous length, also must carry out second time and pruning.But pruning rate can reduce, based on top clipping.When later young sprout often has 8 one 10 leaves will pinching once, its objective is and bring out a large amount of summer shoot, to yielding positive results more.The last pinching time, with life summer shoot can form bud and decide.

(2) rational application of fertilizer and " button water ".Cumquat is fitted and is born in fertile loose, acid sand loam.Potted plant appropriate to the occasion leaf mould 4 parts, sand 5 parts, 1 part, cake fertilizer, the compost of mixed preparing.After first time prunes, the organic manure (as night soil, green manure, soya-bean cake, fish guano etc.) once become thoroughly decomposed be executed, within every 10 days thereafter, mend again and execute once.At this moment proper temperature, rich water is sufficient, is conducive to the multiple spring tip.When young sprout is sent out together, after pinching, quick-acting phosphate fertilizer (potassium dihydrogen phosphate, superphosphate) be imposed, promote flower_bud formation with this.Can bud be formed, and key is that the nutriment that cumquat is stored does not expend on too much shoot and leaf growth, and concentrates on the reproductive development aspect of flower bud differentiation." button water ", also can promote flower bud differentiation.As the saying goes: " the wet fruit of dried flower ", will water less in right amount at flower bud differentiation period in other words, Here it is " button water ".In floriculture, the method for conventional button water, suppresses plant strain growth, promotes flower bud differentiation.Specifically, cumquat is more than ten skies before the Limit of Heat, will reduce irrigation amount gradually, to control summer shoot over growth, are beneficial to formation bud.To the Limit of Heat first about 5 days, stop watering.Tan by the sun through 3-4 days burning sun, cumquat top tender leaf is sagging in slight wilting, and basin soil is dry in canescence.But in order to prevent the slight unlikely excessive dehydration of sheet yesterday of wilting, answer morning every day, spray a small amount of water to blade face evening, noon slightly can water a water in basin; When cumquat main bud and preparation bud all expand, time white by green turn, namely show that flower bud differentiation completes.Now to recover irrigation amount in time, and execute thin fertilizer, just can in succession bloom soon.

(3) flower, fruit retention and short Huang is protected.Potted plant cumquat often can produce fruit drop phenomenon.As the florescence is rainy, moisture too controls, or supply falls short of demand and high temperature etc. to take out rich water when sending out young sprout, all easily causes fruit drop.For this reason, fruit period management control work should be carried out.SPRING WHEAT BEFORE AND AFTER FLOWERING, except correct rich water quality management, also should at morning, at dusk to blade face spray cooling.As found, pumping young sprout will be extractd in time.Should suitable flower thinning when blooming, save nutrient.Xie Huahou can spray 0.3% one 0.4% urea or 0.3% composite fertilizers, and adds 2,4-D of 15ppm, like this, has significant effect to the fruit retention of potted plant cumquat.After raw young fruit, when young fruit grows to 1 centimetre of size, also will carry out fruit thinning, generally every is stayed 2-3 fruit to be advisable.In same axil, sometimes raw 2-3 young fruit, one can only be selected and remain, and complete stool fruit is evenly distributed.Autumn growth to be wiped out in time later, not make second fruiting, good in order to fruit development--fruit shape size, maturity are consistent, improve ornamental value.

Under normal circumstances; After the Beginning of Winter, fruit turns yellow gradually.For coordinating view and admire the Spring Festival, if fruit maturation inclined morning, can adopt shade, the way of lift-augmented mechanism (0.4% urea) postpones the maturing stage.If fruit maturation is partially slow, the Spring Festival, can in the predetermined maturing stage first 25 days not as good as turning yellow, are coated with fruit with 1500ppm ethrel, or the gibberellin of spray 20 1 50ppm, equal Be very effective.

(4) extermination of disease and insect pest

The common disease and pest of cumquat in growth and development process has: root rot, leaf mining pretty young woman, Common Mormon, the full pawl of citrus are hidden from.

1. cumquat root rot.This disease is many to be caused by soil accumulated water, rotten of potted plant person's is many, should note getting rid of underground water, will allow the having a due proportion of of seedling and basin time potted plant, basin soil can not be excessively wet, to strengthen tree vigo(u)r, reduce the incidence of disease, can suitably economize on water when just occurring, draining, be difficult to time serious recover, diseased plant should be removed early, strengthen healthy and strong management.

2. cumquat leaf miner.Under slipping into cumquat vacuum side of blade epidermis mainly with larva, form sinuate gallery, killed blade is usually curling to come off, and has a strong impact on growing way and yields positive results.

Prevention and controls: spring, young sprout was sprouted in a large number; When tip length is no more than 1 centimetre, applicable biological agricultural chemicals bacillus thuringiensis,Bt 100 times of liquid carry out spraying control, and effect is fine, and can prevent fruit from also can carry out spraying control with omethoate emulsifiable solution 1000 times of liquid.

3. the full pawl of citrus is hidden from.The full pawl snail of citrus is again two spotted spider mite, yellow spider, and harm cumquat leaf, the tip and fruit, be injured the heaviest with blade, occur the 6-9 month to contain most.When blade is injured there is many canescence points in front, tarnishes, and a slice whitewash time serious, causes a large amount of fallen leaves.

Prevention and controls: the emergence period can with 0.3 degree of lime sulfur or 40% dimethoate emulsion, 1000 times of liquid, or the 700 times of liquid spraying controls of 20% chlorfenson wetting powder, and every two weeks 1 time, sprays 3-4 time, Be very effective.

4. Common Mormon.This worm endangers blade with larva, and young tender leaf is often eaten up, and comparatively Lao Ye is also often eaten only stay master pulse.

Prevention and controls: 1. find winter plant has the pupa of surviving the winter should manual removal in time; 2. swallowtail butterfly larva body is comparatively large, is easily found, when sporadicly occurring, can catches and kills in time; 3. Larvae occurrence time, the 800 times of liquid spraying controls of available 90% trichlorfon technical.

Facts have proved, adopt the many results 20 ~ 30% of the potted plant cumquat of technical scheme of the present invention, realize the new year Jia Jin fruit innumerable.

Claims (1)

1. a culture technique for potted plant cumquat, is characterized in that: its method step comprises as follows:

(1) rational pruning;

After the beginning of spring, stay the needs of branch by globular model tree crown, select that 3-5 major branch is straggly to be stayed on trunk, by other unnecessary trunks, neat and base portion cuts off; Strong branch can stay 4-5 bud to cut and cut; More weak branch can stay 2-3 bud to cut and cut; Through bimestrial growth, young sprout is roughly sent out together, at this moment carry out second time and prune, but pruning rate reduces, based on top clipping; When young sprout often has 8 one 10 leaves will pinching once, the last pinching time, with life summer shoot can form bud and decide.

(2) rational application of fertilizer and button water;

With leaf mould 4 parts, sand 5 parts, 1 part, cake fertilizer time potted plant, the compost of mixed preparing.After first time prunes, execute the organic manure once become thoroughly decomposed, within every 10 days, mend again and execute an organic manure; When young sprout is sent out together, after pinching, impose quick-acting phosphate fertilizer; Cumquat is more than ten skies before the Limit of Heat, reduce irrigation amount gradually; To the Limit of Heat first about 5 days, stop watering.Every day early, spray a small amount of water to blade face evening, noon slightly can water a water in basin; When cumquat main bud and preparation bud all expand, time white by green turn, recover irrigation amount in time, and execute thin fertilizer;

(3) flower, fruit retention and short Huang is protected;

SPRING WHEAT BEFORE AND AFTER FLOWERING, at morning, at dusk to blade face spray cooling; As found, pumping young sprout will be extractd in time; Should suitable flower thinning when blooming, save nutrient; Xie Huahou can spray 0.3% one 0.4% urea or 0.3% composite fertilizers, and adds 2,4-D of 15ppm; When young fruit grows to 1 centimetre of size, carry out fruit thinning, every is stayed 2-3 fruit, and every raw 2-3 young fruit, selects and remain one; Wipe out autumn growth in time later, do not make second fruiting; If fruit maturation inclined morning, adopt shade, the way of lift-augmented mechanism postpones the maturing stage; If fruit maturation is partially slow, in the predetermined maturing stage first 25 days, be coated with fruit with 1500ppm ethrel, or the gibberellin of spray 20 1 50ppm;

(4) disease control;

1. cumquat leaf miner; When tip length is no more than 1 centimetre, carry out spraying control with biopesticide bacillus thuringiensis 100 times of liquid, or carry out spraying control with omethoate emulsifiable solution 1000 times of liquid;

2. the full pawl of citrus is hidden from; Emergence period is with 0.3 degree of lime sulfur or 40% dimethoate emulsion, 1000 times of liquid, or the 700 times of liquid spraying controls of 20% chlorfenson wetting powder, and every two weeks 1 time, sprays 3-4 time.