CN100506020C - Flower formation-promoting method for counter-season perennial honey mango plantation - Google Patents
Flower formation-promoting method for counter-season perennial honey mango plantation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for cultivating sweetened mango reversed to season, wherein it comprises fertilizing, cutting, accelerating flowering, inducing flower bud, resisting pest, fertilizing, sheering crown. The invention has low consumption of agricultural chemicals, and high yield.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the method field of the short flower of four seasons honey awns anti-season.
Background technology
In order to regulate the mango Time To Market even to realize year-round supply, also concentrate the selling pressure of gathering period, the economic benefit that improves mango selling price and operation orchard in order to solve, many scientific and technical personnel have begun the production period of mango regulated and tests and study, and discovery can be carried out (cultivation) florescence by some technical measures and regulate: 1. as be completely cured, trunk band girdle skin, ring-type wound at quarter etc.; 2. adopt plant growth regulator soaked and execute (cultivations) such as soil, root system transfusion, trunk high-pressure injections; 3. plant growth regulator is sprayed on blade face or above-mentioned several measure cooperation utilization.Agricultural college of Guangxi University is once to contain fruit tree as the examination material, carried out the test of inducing anti-season mango to yield positive results, processing comprise soak based on the transfusion of the root system of paclobutrazol, soil execute, the trunk high-pressure injection with use different plant growth regulator etc., test-induced pale reddish brown awns and string awns two kinds yield positive results in summer, but different year is very big because of the variation difference on effect of weather and plant individual difference, florescence can't be determined, and become the flower rate not high.
It is reported, adopt after the defloration 500 times in spray calcium chloride to mix 400 times of liquid of boric acid and can postpone mango and yield positive results; Adopt the short winter tip of agricultural measures and when the winter tip changes green combination with spraying paclobutrazol 500ml/L solution the mango florescence was postponed about 40 days; Kang Ming research is pointed out, at 8,9,10 3 months mango is irrigated 4 times, takes out late and spends 40 days than not irrigating tree.The measure that the Hainan Mango anti-season is produced is: control shoot is executed with 15% paclobutrazol soil and is sprayed the leaf control shoot, behind the control shoot with the precious 0.30.4kg of 0.5-0.6kg potassium nitrate or potassium, borax 0.5kg, naa 15ml, ethrel 8-10ml, IDALL receives medicine such as 3g and is dissolved in the positive and negative 2-4 times that is sprayed on leaf in the 15kg water, but early flowering improves output.Spray CPPU100ml/L+GA
3The 100mg/L mixed liquor can increase mango single fruit weight and seedless fruit ratio for 4 times, and the tendency of fruit delayed maturity is arranged.Relevant research also shows: different mango kinds is to becoming the colored susceptibility difference of inducing, screening is induced responsive kind that regulated term and is become relatively easy, " Lan Duomei ", " Ge Pali of group ", " four seasons awns " as Thailand can repeatedly yield positive results under local condition, once can impel its off-season flowering result in the harvest season to its young sprout spray paclobutrazol 1000-1500ml/L when changeing green, but effect is not clearly.The applicant once prunes the short spring tip in back in the middle and later periods nineties in last century to " pale reddish brown awns ", " string awns " in spring, in spring tip germination period, the green later stage spray paclobutrazol of commentaries on classics and ethrel, potassium nitrate etc., the test of " string awns " obtains effect preferably.
Though mango has been cooked many researchs aspect off-season cultivation, the output after its supporting technology and short the spending does not see that as yet report is arranged, and more loses for years, than large-area applications, effective report.In conjunction with the applicant for many years mango cultivation research experience and continue to test, the four seasons off-season cultivation of honey awns obtains positive effect, the output height is predictable strong, and its supporting technology comparative maturity and stable.Mountain region (15 mu) are instructed in the four seasons sweetened mango garden of (30 mu) pacifically 2006 the 11 monthly high yields that obtained with this supporting technology.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides and a kind ofly can promote the use of, the short flower of the four seasons honey awns anti-season supporting technology method of output height, effect stability.
The concrete technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
1, fertilising is chosen in by the end of March or at the beginning of 4 months, carry out with the method for earthing after the ring-type ditch spread of dark 15cm, abounds with tree fertilization type and fertilizing amount and is: biological organic fertilizer 0.5kg+0.5kg urea;
2, prune: carry out preferably before and after April 10 after fertilising, it is best with an impeller blade that cuts off close nodal bud top to prune the joint position, is trimmed to close nodal bud and takes second place;
3, the short tip: the back tip of pruning take out send out before spray 30mg/L gibberellin+0.3% urea impel the tree body neatly to take out to send out a young sprout, reduce the possibility that the minority young sprout becomes inflorescence and the control of attention insect pest during shoot growth;
4, after the tip first time of controlling the treetops and hastening blossom after 1. control shoot is pruned changed into green, even spraying 2 300-800mg/L paclobutrazol+200mg/L ethrels came control shoot every 10 days.2. short spending pressed the tree crown size with 1.0g/m to Wang Shu
2Dosage soil execute the scale paclobutrazol and suppress tree vigo(u)r; The semicircle band girdle that prosperous branch or vertical branch is carried out wide 0.3-0.5cm weakens growth potential;
5, put the tip when the spray control shoot medicine second time, the biological organic fertilizer that every strain ditch spread is 1 part+0.30.5 part urea is urged the secondary tip; Behind the leaf color of a tip, terminal bud plumpness basically identical, put the tip, change insect protected over to after young sprout is sprouted and protect tip work;
6, bud induces (short flower) to change green finishing back spray 100--400mg/L paclobutrazol+0.3-0.5% potassium nitrate 1-2 times at the secondary tip, the promotion flower bud differentiation.
Use method of the present invention cultivation four seasons honey awns anti-season mango and just make the result and compare the advantage that has and be:
1, pesticide dosage is few: the sick worm hazard boom phase of mango is generally for 4-September, this phase temperature height, and high humidity, sick worm reproduction speed is fast, and quantity is big; Just making the fruit fruit phase at 48 months, the high-incidence season of sick just worm harm, to set bulk-growth vigorous in addition, and cells in vivo liquid concentration is thinning, and viscosity descends, and is the poorest period of resistance, very easily is subjected to the harm of disease worm, therefore needs the spray medicine often, expends a large amount of agricultural chemicals and artificial.Basic every day in 7-August is rainy, even spray medicine also weak effect, drug effect weak point, thereby fruit appearance is poor.And the annual 1--3 month and 10-December are all lower, dry because of temperature, humidity, and sick worm many places are in the dormancy latence, and to set bulk-growth slow in addition, soil drought, and the retrogradation of cell sap concentration, viscosity rises, and is best period of resistance; The sweet awns anti-season mango fruit phase in the four seasons is that the low of disease worm harm sent out the phase and hidden the teletostage in 9-December, so medication is seldom, substantially without agricultural chemicals, not only saves both labour and money after October, and the fruit non agricultural chemical residuum, satisfied the needs of people to pollution-free food.
2, very easily obtain high and stable yield: the principal element that mango output is just being made in influence is the low temperature overcast and rainy day weather in spring, and four seasons honey awns anti-season mango is bloomed not have this weather phenomenon and take place 8-September, therefore very easily obtains high and stable yield.Receive just in case this batch flower loses, can also urge once more to induce bud again behind the tip, just the florescence equally can obtain high yield after a while.
3, fruit appearance and interior quality are excellent: because fruit growth endangers few period sick worm, add the weather arid, day and night temperature is big, thereby fruit appearance is totally beautiful, and is painted good, fruit solid content height, raciness.
4, economic benefit height: because four seasons honey awns anti-season fruit was gathered in 11-December, be the dull season of south China fruit, thereby the fresh fruit price height of this phase.
Embodiment
Below with regard to pattern be bloom for 8-September, 11-December fruit harvesting the short colored method of off-season cultivation four seasons honey awns specify.
1, fertilising is chosen in by the end of March or at the beginning of 4 months, carry out with the method for earthing after the ring-type ditch spread of dark 15cm, the kind of fertilizer is biological organic fertilizer (as green source board the biological organic fertilizer)+urea of equivalent, and this formula fertilizer is best to the taking out the tip, bloom of tree body, setting effect.
2, prune pruning and be chosen in before and after April 10 period, this phase prune August for the second time young sprout just change green finishing, it is higher that bud is induced into colored rate; Concerning the tree of life in 4 years, it is best with the method for the impeller blade that cuts off close nodal bud top to prune the joint position, and its young sprout takes out the rate of sending out, clip branch amount, new-tip length and the number of blade, become aspect performance such as flower rate optimum.The processing performance that is trimmed to close nodal bud is slightly taken second place, but more convenient in operation.Better effects if is carried out in pruning after fertilising; Except that cutting back, also should prune off, control branch density, keep the satisfactory texture of tree crown, improve ventilation and penetrating light; Test statistics shows, big more to take out the percentage of sending out young sprout low more for branch density in the unit tree crown volume, and the young sprout rate is proportionate with becoming colored rate.
3, to prune purpose mainly be the female branch of cultivation results to the short tip, thereby to inspire the high-quality branch be crucial.The back tip of pruning take out spray 1-2 times before sending out 30mg/L gibberellin+0.3% urea to the blade face or blade back is moistening drip slightly (spraying method is as follows), impel the tree body more fitly to take out and send out young sprout, reducing the minority young sprout becomes the possibility of inflorescence, and notes the control of insect pest behind terminal bud germination;
4, after the tip first time of controlling the treetops and hastening blossom after 1. prune in the control shoot orchard changed into green, even spraying 2 300-800mg/L paclobutrazol+200mg/L ethrels reached the purpose of control shoot every 10 days.If indivedual plant tree vigo(u)rs are too prosperous, during control shoot, extract the secondary tip out, but the manual removal; If excessive rainfall, young sprout can be unified to pluck the secondary young sprout by insect pest for the second time, make it to take out send out more neat.It is neat that control shoot not only impels the secondary tip to take out to send out, and provide possibility for the nutrient accumulation of tree body during stopping the tip.2. short spending pressed the tree crown size with 1.0g/m to Wang Shu
2Dosage soil execute the scale paclobutrazol and suppress tree vigo(u)r; The semicircle band girdle that prosperous branch or vertical branch is carried out wide 0.3-0.5cm weakens growth potential;
5, put the tip when the spray control shoot medicine second time, biological organic fertilizer+0.3-0.5 that ditch spread is 1 part part urea is sent out to promote taking out of the secondary tip; When the plumpness of the leaf color basically identical of a tip, terminal bud is suitable, no longer extract the secondary tip of early giving birth to, behind the terminal bud germination then enter the work that the tip is protected in insect protected.
6, bud is induced at the secondary tip changes green finishing back spray 100--400mg/L paclobutrazol+0.3-0.5% potassium nitrate 1-2 times, the promotion flower bud differentiation.
Insect pest when 7, the florescence diseases and pests controlling is bloomed for 8-September mainly contains poison moth (being commonly called as caterpillar), brachycephaly leafhopper, aphid.But harm is not too serious generally speaking, and insecticides such as malachite orchid of spray or siddhi once get final product before blooming in enormous quantities.Serious powdery mildew, anthracnose also be difficult for to take place in this florescence, flower spray in early stage just once can kill, big diseases prevention medicine such as give birth to gets final product.
8, execute Hua Houfei and to tree crown prune off, fruit thinning is bloomed a large amount of nutrients of back tree body consumption in a large number, rainwater seldom after adding by the end of September, the fertilising difficulty, root system absorbs limited, thereby must in time use Hua Houfei after blooming, prune off simultaneously except that overstocked branch in the tree crown, to improve illumination and to reduce nutrient consumption.What individual plant or single result were too much also should carry out fruit thinning.
9, picking fruit reaches back (11-December) about 110 days vegetative period, and fruit enters physiological maturity.The standard of judging fruit maturation has two: fruit surface manifests the inherent feature of this kind, and the fruit face is transferred to grayish green by viridescent, and the fruit powder is obvious; Fruit is taken in the immersion water, and fruit has part to sink; Both of these case all shows fruit maturation, can gather.
The fertilizer test part of this supporting technology, underproof tree in 2005 are about high about 2m, the about 1.8m in the longitudinal and transverse footpath of tree crown, lifes in 4 years of about 150 at the final stage tip are set.When every tree applying fertilizer is biological organic fertilizer 0.25kg+ urea 0.50kg, per mu yield mango average out to 819kg; When every tree applying fertilizer is biological organic fertilizer 0.25kg+ urea 0.25kg when fertilising, per mu yield mango average out to 1281kg; When every tree applying fertilizer is biological organic fertilizer 0.25kg when fertilising, per mu yield mango average out to 1113kg; Per mu yield mango average out to 1218kg when when fertilising, every tree applying fertilizer was tree dish shop cow dung cultivating earthworm, and control group when not applying fertilizer per mu yield mango on average only be 840kg.
Blade face controlling the treetops and hastening blossom induction experiment part in 2005 is according to the four seasons honey awns of short colored technology plantation of the present invention (3.5 meters of the height of trees, hat 3.5 meters and 2.5 meters, about 300 at the final stage tip), bloom in a large number at the beginning of 9 months by the end of August, the optimum one-tenth flower rate of handling reaches 65%, and minimum is 29%; Conversion per mu yield maximum output reached 3200 kilograms during each was handled, and minimum is 2000 kilograms.2006 by this technology to mountain region four seasons of the 15 mu of 2004 autumn-2005 spring high-grafting in suburbs, Nanning honey awns (about 200 at the final stage tip) and the level land four seasons honey awns of 30 mu of field planting in 2002 of Baise institute of agricultural sciences carry out the short flower guidance of anti-season.The strain rate of blooming the August of Nanning suburb reaches 100%, and a rate of on average blooming is 65%, and on average per plant output is about 20 kilograms; Along with the master a skill raising of level of the expansion of tree crown and orchard worker, per plant output in 2007 is estimated can reach about 30-40 kilograms, reaches utmost point high yield level.The 30 mu of four seasons honey awns level land orchard per mu yield of the Bose City institute of agricultural sciences reaches 3500 jin, and commodity fruit rate height, and outward appearance is good.
Claims (1)
1. the method for the short flower of four seasons honey awns anti-season comprises fertilising, pruning, urgees the tip, controlling the treetops and hastening blossom, puts the tip, bud is induced, and it is characterized in that
(1) fertilising be chosen in by the end of March or the annular groove at the beginning of 4 months, with dark 15cm in spread fertilizer over the fields the back earthing method carry out, abound with tree fertilization type and fertilizing amount and be: biological organic fertilizer 0.5kg+0.5kg urea;
(2) prune: after fertilising, carry out before and after April 10, prune the joint position and be and cut off an impeller blade of close nodal bud top or to close nodal bud;
(3) the short tip: the back tip of pruning take out send out before spray 30ml/L gibberellin+0.3% urea 1-2 times, impel the tree body neatly to take out and send out a young sprout, minimizing minority young sprout becomes the possibility of inflorescence; And the control of attention insect pest during shoot growth;
(4) controlling the treetops and hastening blossom
1. after control shoot is pruned after the first time, tip annesl was finished, even sprayed 2 times 300-800mg/L paclobutrazol+200mg/L ethrel control shoot every 10 days;
2. short spending pressed the tree crown size with 1.0g/m to Wang Shu
2Dosage soil execute the scale paclobutrazol and suppress tree vigo(u)r; The semicircle band girdle that prosperous branch or vertical branch is carried out 0.3-0.5cm weakens growth potential;
(5) put the tip when the spray control shoot medicine second time, biological organic fertilizer+0.3-0.5 that ditch spread is 1 part part urea is with the short tip; Behind the leaf color of a tip, terminal bud plumpness basically identical, change insect protected over to and protect the tip work of putting of the tip;
(6) bud is induced at the secondary tip changes green finishing back spray 100--400mg/L paclobutrazol+0.3-0.5% potassium nitrate 1-2 times, the promotion flower bud differentiation.
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