CN103039257A - Quantity-increasing and protecting method of spruce cones in Qinghai - Google Patents
Quantity-increasing and protecting method of spruce cones in Qinghai Download PDFInfo
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- CN103039257A CN103039257A CN2013100188904A CN201310018890A CN103039257A CN 103039257 A CN103039257 A CN 103039257A CN 2013100188904 A CN2013100188904 A CN 2013100188904A CN 201310018890 A CN201310018890 A CN 201310018890A CN 103039257 A CN103039257 A CN 103039257A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a quantity-increasing and protecting method of spruce cones in Qinghai. The quantity-increasing and protecting method of the spruce cones in Qinghai comprises (1) fertilizing to promote the spruce cones; (2) spraying a flower-promoting agent; (3) performing root-pruning to promote the spruce cones and (4) protecting the spruce cones and preventing pests. The quantity-increasing and protecting method of the spruce cones in Qinghai has the advantages of being simple and easy to operate; effectively increasing cone quantities of spruces in Qinghai; establishing a good precondition for the sexual reproduction of the spruces in Qinghai, playing an important role in increasing the seed yield and improving the seed quality of the spruces in Qinghai and then being capable of effectively restoring the ecological environment of local spruce forests in Qinghai due to the fact that the current situations that the quantity of the spruce cones in Qinghai is small, the distribution of male cones and female cones is not easy to pollinate, the spruce cones are susceptible to plant diseases and insect pests and the like are improved and providing a good popularization value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the thickleaf spruce propagation technique, relate in particular to a kind of technology that increases thickleaf spruce globe daisy quantity and protect flower.
Background technology
Thickleaf spruce (Picea crassifolia Kom.), belong to Pinaceae (Pinaceae) Picea (Picea Dietr.) plant, it is the endemic tree of Chinese eastern Tibetan north edge, (fourth is national to be distributed in the provinces and regions such as Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, the Inner Mongol of NW China, Deng. the dynamic Primary Study of Qilian Mountains, Gansu Province thickleaf spruce population quantity [J], plant resources and environment journal, 2005,14 (4): 36-41.).The advantages such as it is good that thickleaf spruce has material, and trunk is tall and big perfectly straight, cold-resistant, drought-enduring, and the life-span is long are the fine tree species of a kind of comparatively ideal afforestation and water and soil conservation.Have simultaneously solid carbon oxygen release, regulate the climate, water conservation, the effect (Peng Shouzhang such as purify air, Deng. the simulation [J] in upstream, Heihe Qilian Mountain Area thickleaf spruce upgrowth situation and potential distribution district thereof, Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 2011,35 (6): 605-614.).
Flower is the sexual reproduction organ of plant propagation, be form the plant reproductive cell and carry out amphigenetic place (the strong victory, etc. botany [M], Higher Education Publishing House, 2006:166-170.).Thickleaf spruce is finished a series of sexual reproduction process by female male cone organ, and with the continuity race that produces offspring, thereby globe daisy has extremely important status in the thickleaf spruce growth cycle.Thickleaf spruce opens by the female cone cone-scale, accepts the male cone pollination, and it is sagging to finish closure to pollination, and progressively growth and maturity are important steps of sexual propagation.
At present, because human irrational indiscriminate felling of trees, cause the Picea crassifolia area significantly to reduce, the fine genes loss is serious, and afforestation is with kind of a lazy weight, thereby the recovery of Picea crassifolia afforestation becomes the top priority of local forest management department.Although wide selection the vegetative propagation techniques such as cuttage, effect not fairly obvious (Ji Haiyun, etc. thickleaf spruce container cutting plant culture technology [J], China Forest, 2007,6:60-61.; Shi Chenjuan, etc. Hardy Branch Cutting Cultivation of Qinghai Spruce research [J], Agricultural University Of Jiangxi's journal, 2002,24 (2): 259-263.; Li Deqing, Deng. thickleaf spruce cuttage raise seedling technique experimental study [J], Modern Forestry science and technology, 2008,2:23.), but in the long run consider, except selecting the sexual reproduction technique of globe daisy pollination, increase outside the globe daisy quantity of thickleaf spruce, other wards off the Servant footpath, set about from the thickleaf spruce biological characteristics growth mechanism of seeking peace, find out the globe daisy quantity that a kind of effective way increases thickleaf spruce, the measure that improves the speed of thickleaf spruce sexual propagation just seems particularly necessary.
According to finding at the field observation of Gansu Province's Water Conservation Forest on North Slope of Qilian Mountains research institute dragon canal seed orchard scientific research and testing station thickleaf spruce seed orchard, the male flower of thickleaf spruce clone plant 80% concentrate on tree crown in, lower floor, 90% female flower concentrates on the upper strata of tree crown, and the regularity of distribution of this female male cone causes certain influence to the pollination success rate of thickleaf spruce.By increasing the globe daisy quantity of thickleaf spruce, although can not change the Distribution Pattern of female male cone, can improve the pollination probability of female cone, can effectively improve the sexual propagation situation of thickleaf spruce.
Forest disease and pest census report according to provinces and regions such as Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia shows, thickleaf spruce be subject to more than 50 many damage by disease and insect harm (Liu Xingcong. thickleaf spruce [M], publishing house of Lanzhou University, 1992:351-361.), wherein mainly comprise dragon spruce cone steinernema etc. to what the thickleaf spruce cone endangered, this type of insect pest directly causes the reduction of the female male cone pollination quality of thickleaf spruce and globe daisy quantity to reduce, and then has influence on the sexual propagation of thickleaf spruce.
This shows that the quantity of the female male cone of thickleaf spruce and pollination quality are the important steps of its sexual propagation, distribute and be difficult for pollination and be subject to the present situation such as damage by disease and insect impact but be faced with low, the female male cone of globe daisy quantity, directly have influence on the breeding of thickleaf spruce.
Summary of the invention
Based on above problem, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method that increases thickleaf spruce globe daisy quantity and protect flower.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
A kind of method that increases thickleaf spruce globe daisy quantity and protect flower may further comprise the steps:
(1) the short flower of fertilising: the 3-4 month, carry out the fertilising activity, add 12-24-12 type nitrogen phosphorus potassium Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium and biological diamines to urging the flower fertilising without the thickleaf spruce plant of flower, few flower, 12-24-12 type nitrogen phosphorus potassium Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium and the biological diamines volume by 2:1 is mixed, flow to thickleaf spruce by irrigation, mixed fertilizer 200g is executed in every strain;
(2) spray flower promoter: the early April-the first tenday period of a month in May, be the vegetative period of globe daisy, using mechanical atomizer is the gibberellin GA of 500 mg/L to the thickleaf spruce spraying concentration without flower, few flower
4+7
(3) the short flower of being completely cured: late June is to mid-July, and is vigorous to growing way, particularly ploughs deeply and is completely cured without flower, few thickleaf spruce of spending; Centered by the thickleaf spruce maternal plant, to ditch respectively at northeast, the southeast, southwest and the northwest four direction of maternal plant, the inner edge radius of ditch is 300cm, furrow width 50cm, ditch depth 40cm, the long 200cm of ditch, root system all cuts off in the ditch, cuts backfill soil behind the root;
(4) protect the flower insect-pest:
A) in 5 months, the first tenday period of a month, before the adult eclosion, organize manpower to collect to land cone, take not the safe area of fire hazardous to and concentrate and burn.
B) late May, early June, the Sheng phase of sprouting wings, laying eggs, discharge hostile, enemy horse fumicants smoked kill, per hectare medication 15-30kg carried out once in per 5 days.
C) 6, July, for larva enlivens period, using mechanical atomizer is 1000 times of liquid of Avermectin of 0.18% to the thickleaf spruce spray concentration, concentration is 1000 times of liquid of phoxim of 50%, and concentration is 1000 times of liquid of fenoxycarb missible oil of 3%.
D) late October-mid-November, collect the cone on the thickleaf spruce tree this moment, the fruit axle burnt after modulating seed.
The present invention has the following advantages:
The present invention sets out according to the biological characteristics of the thickleaf spruce growth mechanism of seeking peace, and has adopted respectively fertilising, sprays short florigen, the short flower and spray a series of means of preventing disease and pest medicament of being completely cured.Reasonable is made the ratio of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer; According to the Root Characteristics of thickleaf spruce, proposition one cover neither affects the trees normal growth can effectively be blocked to the nutrition of far-reaching conveying again, supplies with the globe daisy growth; According to the globe daisy feature in vegetative period, test proposes suitable hormone and urgees flower; Process of growth and the different stage of growth thereof according to thickleaf spruce primary pest dragon spruce cone steinernema destroy the difference of cone, have proposed respectively corresponding counter-measure.
The present invention confirms from practice; the measure that proposes meets the objective natural law of thickleaf spruce growth; not only can effectively increase the globe daisy quantity of thickleaf spruce; and to main diseases insect pest prevents and treats; protected the normal growth of globe daisy; it is low effectively to improve thickleaf spruce globe daisy quantity; female male cone distributes and is difficult for pollination and is subject to the present situation such as damage by disease and insect impact; be improved; for good precondition has been established in thickleaf spruce sexual propagation; to increasing the seed production of thickleaf spruce; improve seed quality and have great importance, and then the ecotope of the local Picea crassifolia of efficient recovery can be arranged.
The present invention is by verifying in the breeding base at Gansu Province's Water Conservation Forest on North Slope of Qilian Mountains research institute dragon canal seed orchard scientific research and testing station, after testing in 2010, globe daisy quantity to 2012 Qinghai dragon spruces is obviously increased, decreased by the impact of damage by disease and insect, the sexual propagation of seed orchard thickleaf spruce obtains fine carrying out.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is thickleaf spruce root system vertical cross section.
Fig. 2 is the thickleaf spruce trench digging schematic diagram of being completely cured, and wherein 1 represent maternal plant, and 2 represent the ditch that will open.
Embodiment
A kind of technology that increases thickleaf spruce globe daisy quantity and protect flower may further comprise the steps:
(1) the short flower of fertilising: the 3-4 month, along with the rising thickleaf spruce resin of temperature comes into play, plant without flower, few flower is advanced to apply 12-24-12 type nitrogen phosphorus potassium Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, and (Eurogroup such as BASF AG produces 12-24-12 type nitrogen phosphorus potassium Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, i.e. N-P
2O
5-K
2O, represent that its corresponding percentage composition is, nitrogenous 12%, phosphorous 24%, contain potassium 12%, guarantee that the content of NPK three elements is 1:2:1) and biological diamines (the biological diamines of week Hebei new century day biological Science and Technology Ltd. production), 12-24-12 type nitrogen phosphorus potassium Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium and biological diamines mix by the volume of 2:1, flow to thickleaf spruce by irrigation, mixed fertilizer 200g is executed in every strain;
Verification experimental verification: in March, 2009, select breeding base, Gansu Province Water Conservation Forest on North Slope of Qilian Mountains research institute dragon canal seed orchard scientific research and testing station to test, select 20 less thickleaf spruce maternal plants of globe daisy to test in the seed institute, whenever select good strains in the field for seed and select 20 branches, the branch size is consistent as far as possible, by smearing paint at branch as beautiful, record the globe daisy quantity of each branch.Use the N-P of European import
2O
5-K
2O nitrogen phosphorus potassium Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, NPK content is selected respectively 15-15-15,20-10-10,12-24-12, the nitrogen 12% of 13-13-20 and the present invention's allotment, phosphorus 24%, the composite powder dosage of potassium 12% adds biological diamines, and the composite fertilizer of every kind of ratio selects the four trees test of comparing.The comparison branch analyzed in 2011, such as table 1:
The short flower of table 1 seed orchard fertilising test effect
| N-P 2O 5-K 2O（%） | Cone quantity before the fertilising | Cone quantity after the fertilising | The cone increasing rate |
| 15-15-15 | Totally 180 | Totally 190 | 5.6% |
| 20-10-10 | Totally 140 | Totally 145 | 3.6% |
| 12-24-12 | Totally 210 | Totally 240 | 14.3% |
| 13-13-20 | Totally 200 | Totally 210 | 5% |
| The present invention's (nitrogen phosphorus potassium+biological diamines) | Totally 170 | Totally 220 | 29.4% |
Evidence, N element can promote that the plant root, stem and leaf is strong, and the K element promotes the sprouting of thickleaf spruce branches and leaves, and the P element can effectively increase the quantity of globe daisy.Use the present invention fertilising, cone increasing rate are up to 29.4%, and short flower effect is remarkable.
(2) spray flower promoter: the early April-the first tenday period of a month in May, be the growing period of globe daisy, using mechanical atomizer is the gibberellin GA of 500 mg/L to few cyanine sea dragon spruce spraying concentration
4+7, spraying of hormone has good facilitation to the thickleaf spruce Female and male flowers strobilus production.
Experimental verification: in April, 2010,8 clones in breeding base, selection Gansu Province Water Conservation Forest on North Slope of Qilian Mountains research institute dragon canal seed orchard scientific research and testing station, 5 plant division of each clone, totally 40 strains are whenever selected good strains in the field for seed and are selected 20 branches, and the branch size is consistent as far as possible.Smear paint as beautiful, select uppermost 2 branches to paint redness in contrast; To 18 branch painted whites below it, carrying out spraying concentration is the gibberellin GA of 500 mg/L
4+7Do experiment, be sprayed onto branch moistening and have liquid to drip till.Entangle 2 top red branches with plastic paper when noting spraying hormone, avoid experiment is impacted.In May, 2012, observation was found, the male cone amount of the flower amount contrast branch of male cone has increased by 137.2%, and the corresponding flower amount of female cone amount contrast branch has increased by 143.7%.
(3) the short flower of being completely cured: late June is to mid-July, vigorous to growing way, particularly set without the stalwartness of flower, few flower, 20-30 gives birth to, the thickleaf spruce of diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 25-32cm, height of tree 10-12m is completely cured, and utilizes the instruments such as pickax, spade manually to plough deeply and cuts root, centered by the thickleaf spruce maternal plant, northeast, the southeast, southwest and northwest four direction maternal plant are ditched respectively, such as Fig. 2.The inner edge radius of ditch is 300cm, furrow width 50cm, and ditch depth 40cm, the long 200cm of ditch, root system all cuts off in the ditch, cuts backfill soil behind the root.
The thickleaf spruce root system obviously is horizontal distribution as can be seen from Figure 1, and distribution radius is generally 1.5-2.0 times of the hat width of cloth, without obvious main root, to evenly distribution all around.The root system vertical distribution is more shallow, and 20cm accounts for 64.29% of total root quantity with interior amount, and 40cm is with interior Root Distribution less than 10%.Root system is the darkest 85cm that reaches vertically, generally concentrates in trunk central horizontal 300cm scope.Be completely cured at distance thickleaf spruce trunk 300cm place, cut off the horizontal branch around stretching to, but kept close trunk 300cm with interior dark bundle vertical root; Employing is cut method for root in the interruption of four side coils, has kept the main root growth of east, south, west, north four direct bearings.This short flower method of being completely cured not only can not impact the normal growth of thickleaf spruce and the performance of water source self-restraint effect, and effectively blocked part of horizontal feeler root nutriment to around carry, be the cone of the thickleaf spruce nutriments such as more carbohydrate, protein, amino acid are provided of mainly growing;
(4) protect the globe daisy insect-pest:
Observation according to breeding base, Water Conservation Forest on North Slope of Qilian Mountains research institute dragon canal seed orchard scientific research and testing station is found, a generation occured in 1 year or 2 years in dragon spruce cone steinernema, annual mid-May is for pupating the Sheng phase, late May, early June are emergence, egg-laying period, mating in 1-2 days is laid eggs after sprouting wings, late August, mature larva began to pierce in the cone fruit ball, stung the Long Circle chamber of surviving the winter and survived the winter.This worm is larva food evil cone core and seed to the harm main manifestations of thickleaf spruce, every year 6, July, namely pierce in the scale after larva hatches, eat into into gallery, take food children tender seed and immature endosperm, the symptoms such as bending, stream resin appear in killed cone depauperation, have lost breeding function.For this reason, the present invention takes:
A) in 5 months, the first tenday period of a month, before the adult eclosion, organize manpower to collect to land cone, burn by the time safe area is concentrated, eliminate and ensconce the Overwintering Larvae in the cone and the adult that pupates.
B) late May, early June, the Sheng phase of sprouting wings, laying eggs, discharge hostile, enemy horse fumicants smoked kill, per hectare medication 15-30kg carried out once in per 5 days.
C) every year 6, July, for larva enlivens period, the utilization mechanical atomizer is 1000 times of liquid of Avermectin of 0.18% to the thickleaf spruce spray concentration, concentration is 1000 times of liquid of phoxim of 50%, and concentration is 1000 times of liquid of fenoxycarb missible oil of 3%, can effectively prevent and treat the insect such as dragon spruce cone steinernema to the destruction of globe daisy.
Experimental verification: carried out the woodland residential quarter in breeding base, Water Conservation Forest on North Slope of Qilian Mountains research institute dragon canal seed orchard scientific research and testing station and test in 2011, five Da Qu in selected seed garden are as test sample ground, the drug effect inspection is that the cone that 20-30 gives birth to is subjected to 57 serious trees of dragon spruce cone steinernema harm, trunk brush red paint is as beautiful, the other bolt red silk of the cone band of record larva number is done beautiful, and spray pharmacy checked insecticidal effect after 3 days.
Table 2 seed orchard spray medicine insect-pest test effect
| Reagent agent | Insect population number (head) before anti- | Insect population number (head) after anti- | Killing rate |
| 0.18% Avermectin | 93 | 7 | 92.4% |
| 50% phoxim | 77 | 9 | 88.3% |
| 3% fenoxycarb missible oil | 83 | 3 | 96.3% |
| Do not deal with | 71 | 67 | 5.6% |
Evidence: enliven period dragon spruce cone steinernema larva, spray concentration is 1000 times of liquid of Avermectin of 0.18%, concentration is 1000 times of liquid of phoxim of 50%, and concentration is 1000 times of liquid of fenoxycarb missible oil of 3%, killing rate reached respectively 92.4%, 88.3% and 96.3%, and do not do the spraying pesticide-treated, and killing rate only is 5.6%, dragon spruce cone steinernema is movable rampant, and cone has been caused very large infringement.
D) annual late October-mid-November, be best seed collecting season in 2-3 week after the cone maturation, meanwhile the mature larva of dragon spruce cone steinernema also pierces cone fruit axle and prepares to survive the winter, collect the cone on the thickleaf spruce tree this moment, modulate behind the seed fruit axle is burnt, the insect that survives the winter with elimination.
Claims (1)
1. one kind increases thickleaf spruce globe daisy quantity and protects the method for spending, and may further comprise the steps:
(1) the short flower of fertilising: the 3-4 month, carry out the fertilising activity, especially to urge to spend without the thickleaf spruce plant of flower, few flower execute 12-24-12 type nitrogen phosphorus potassium Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium and biological diamines by; 12-24-12 type nitrogen phosphorus potassium Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium and the biological diamines volume by 2:1 is mixed, flow to thickleaf spruce by irrigation, mixed fertilizer 200g is executed in every strain;
(2) spray flower promoter: the early April-the first tenday period of a month in May, be the vegetative period of globe daisy, using mechanical atomizer is the gibberellin GA of 500 mg/L to the thickleaf spruce spraying concentration without flower, few flower
4+7
(3) the short flower of being completely cured: late June is to mid-July, vigorous to growing way, particularly plough deeply without the thickleaf spruce of flower, few flower and cut root, centered by the thickleaf spruce maternal plant, ditch respectively at northeast, the southeast, southwest and the northwest four direction of maternal plant, the inner edge radius of ditch is 300cm, furrow width 50cm, ditch depth 40cm, the long 200cm of ditch, root system all cuts off in the ditch, cuts backfill soil behind the root;
(4) protect the flower insect-pest:
A) in 5 months, the first tenday period of a month, before the adult eclosion, organize manpower to collect to land cone, take not the safe area of fire hazardous to and concentrate and burn;
B) late May, early June, the Sheng phase of sprouting wings, laying eggs, discharge hostile, enemy horse fumicants smoked kill, per hectare medication 15-30kg carried out once in per 5 days;
C) 6, July, for larva enlivens period, using mechanical atomizer is 1000 times of liquid of Avermectin of 0.18% to the thickleaf spruce spray concentration, concentration is 1000 times of liquid of phoxim of 50%, and concentration is 1000 times of liquid of fenoxycarb missible oil of 3%;
D) late October-mid-November, collect the cone on the thickleaf spruce tree this moment, the fruit axle burnt after modulating seed.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN105724025A (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2016-07-06 | 甘肃省治沙研究所 | Method for increasing picea crassifolia twig cuttage survival rate through hormone treatment |
| CN105746274A (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2016-07-13 | 甘肃省治沙研究所 | Method for raising Qilian juniper seedlings by carrying out cuttage by virtue of twigs |
| CN115152517A (en) * | 2022-08-19 | 2022-10-11 | 广东四季景山园林建设有限公司 | Maintenance method for promoting flowering of green plums |
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| CN1961643A (en) * | 2006-11-10 | 2007-05-16 | 广西大学 | Flower formation-promoting method for counter-season perennial honey mango plantation |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105724025A (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2016-07-06 | 甘肃省治沙研究所 | Method for increasing picea crassifolia twig cuttage survival rate through hormone treatment |
| CN105746274A (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2016-07-13 | 甘肃省治沙研究所 | Method for raising Qilian juniper seedlings by carrying out cuttage by virtue of twigs |
| CN115152517A (en) * | 2022-08-19 | 2022-10-11 | 广东四季景山园林建设有限公司 | Maintenance method for promoting flowering of green plums |
| CN115152517B (en) * | 2022-08-19 | 2023-11-14 | 广东四季景山园林建设有限公司 | Maintenance method for promoting flowering of green plums |
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Application publication date: 20130417 |