CN107278777B - Cultivation method for promoting secondary blossoming of sophora japonica - Google Patents
Cultivation method for promoting secondary blossoming of sophora japonica Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
- A01N33/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds containing nitrogen-to-oxygen bonds
- A01N33/18—Nitro compounds
- A01N33/20—Nitro compounds containing oxygen or sulfur attached to the carbon skeleton containing the nitro group
- A01N33/22—Nitro compounds containing oxygen or sulfur attached to the carbon skeleton containing the nitro group having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom and at least one nitro group directly attached to the same aromatic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of production and cultivation of golden pagoda tree, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for promoting secondary flowering of golden pagoda tree. A cultivation method for promoting the secondary flowering of sophora japonica comprises the following steps: (1) fertilizing in winter: applying base fertilizer by covering soil after applying annular ditch with depth of 20-30cm in winter; (2) fertilizing before harvesting the 1 st sophora japonica: applying high-nitrogen compound fertilizer by covering soil 15-20 days before the 1 st harvest of sophora japonica in an annular ditch with the depth of 15-20 cm; (3) trimming: picking 1 st flos Sophorae Immaturus and pruning; (4) promoting tip growth: after pruning, spraying the twigs 1-2 times before 2 times of treetop, and promoting the tree body to regularly sprout and grow new shoots; (5) after the shoots are taken out, the foliar fertilizer and the pesticide are mixed and sprayed for 1 to 2 times, so that the growth of new shoots is promoted and meanwhile the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is prevented; (6) flower bud induction: spraying 2000 times of compound sodium nitrophenolate and 200 times of paclobutrazol 400 times for 1-2 times after the second time of slightly turning green to promote the flower bud differentiation. The sophora flower bud obtained by the cultivation method disclosed by the invention is excellent in appearance and internal quality, high in yield and good in economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of production and cultivation of golden pagoda tree, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for promoting secondary flowering of golden pagoda tree.
Background
The flos Sophorae Immaturus is a special Chinese medicinal material rich in rutin, luteolin, etc. chemical components, and is prepared from dried flower bud of Sophora japonica L (Sophora japonica L.) of Leguminosae. Rutin can maintain the normal tension of capillary vessels, reduce the permeability of the capillary vessels, restore the normal elasticity of capillary vessels bleeding due to increased brittleness, has the effects of resisting inflammation, relieving spasm, resisting ulcer, inhibiting bacteria, fungi and viruses and absorbing ultraviolet rays, is widely applied to medicines, health-care foods and cosmetics, and has high commercial value. Compared with other plants, the sophora flower bud has high rutin content and low extraction cost, and is a main raw material for industrially extracting rutin.
The golden pagodatree is a branch of numerous pagodatree species, grows in the northwest of Guizhou and south Hunan province, and is named as golden pagodatree because the produced pagodatree flower buds are golden yellow. Relevant studies have shown that: the content of rutin in Maackia amurensis is 16%, the content of rutin in Hebei Longzhu Sophora japonica is 12%, the content of rutin in Hubei, Chongqing and Sichuan Sophora japonica is 14%, the content of rutin in Sophora japonica in Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan and other places is 15%, the content of rutin in Sophora japonica in Quanzhou county is 35-37%, and some rutin is even up to 46%, which is far higher than the standard limit of 15% in Chinese pharmacopoeia (2005 edition). The whole state is the best producing area for producing high-quality sophora japonica and has irreplaceable geographical advantages. The special natural factors such as soil texture, climate, etc. make the high quality of the 'gold pagodatree flower bud'. 98% of the sophora japonica in the international market comes from China, the annual demand is more than 15000 tons, and the total yield of the sophora japonica in China is only 9000 tons at present, so that the demand of the international market is far from being met. Within the next 20 years, the demand trend of sophora japonica is expected to increase by 20% year by year. Therefore, the robinia pseudoacacia industry has very good development prospect.
The sophora japonica is also planted in other areas of China, the typical example is the Shanxi double-season sophora japonica, flowers can be opened twice in one year, and the yield of the double-season sophora japonica at a high yield stage is 2-3 times that of the common variety under the conventional cultivation and management conditions. The golden osmanthus G9-2 and other local varieties widely used in the whole state can flower only once per year, and the yield in the high-yield period after 6 years is only between 100 and 130 kg/mu. If the two-year yield of the golden pagodatree is realized, the yield of the golden pagodatree is probably 1-2 times that of the existing golden pagodatree, the planting enthusiasm of farmers can be greatly improved, and the development of the golden pagodatree industry is promoted. However, how to promote the second flowering of the golden pagoda tree in one year is always a technical problem in the field of golden pagoda tree planting.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing the method for promoting the secondary flowering of the robinia pseudoacacia, which can be popularized and used, has high yield and stable effect.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a cultivation method for promoting the secondary flowering of sophora japonica comprises the following steps:
(1) fertilizing in winter: applying base fertilizer by covering soil after applying annular ditch with depth of 20-30cm in winter;
(2) fertilizing before harvesting the 1 st sophora japonica: applying high-nitrogen compound fertilizer by covering soil 15-20 days before the 1 st harvest of sophora japonica in an annular ditch with the depth of 15-20 cm;
(3) trimming: picking 1 st flos Sophorae Immaturus and pruning;
(4) promoting tip growth: after pruning, spraying the twigs 1-2 times before 2 times of treetop, and promoting the tree body to regularly sprout and grow new shoots;
(5) after the shoots are taken out, the foliar fertilizer and the pesticide are mixed and sprayed for 1 to 2 times, so that the growth of new shoots is promoted and meanwhile the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is prevented;
(6) flower bud induction: spraying 2000 times of compound sodium nitrophenolate and 200 times of paclobutrazol 400 times for 1-2 times after the second time of slightly turning green to promote the flower bud differentiation.
Preferably, the base fertilizer in the step (1) is duck manure which is applied to each plant by 10 kg.
Preferably, the nitrogen content of the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer in the step (2): phosphorus: the amount of potassium added was 0.5 to 1.0kg per strain, 22:9: 9.
Preferably, the trimming method in step (3) is as follows: the branch of the bearing branch is ensured to be about 20-30cm, 4-5 leaves at the top end are simultaneously stripped, the leaf bud is not damaged, the distance from the first cliff to the cut is more than or equal to 1cm, and the spindly branch, the diseased branch and the weak branch are cut off.
Preferably, the rambutan in the step (4) is 50mg/L benzylaminopurine +150mg/L naphthylacetic acid +25mg/L nicotinic acid.
Preferably, the foliar fertilizer in the step (5) is 0.5 percent of monopotassium phosphate; the pesticide is chlorpyrifos diluted by 500 times; the ratio of the two is 0.5 percent of monopotassium phosphate plus chlorpyrifos diluted by 500 times.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) high yield can be easily obtained. The main factor influencing the yield of the sophora japonica is low-temperature rainy weather in spring, while the two-season sophora japonica blooms in 9 months in the flowering period and does not have low-temperature rainy weather. Therefore, high yield can be obtained as long as the secondary differentiation of flower buds is promoted.
(2) The flos Sophorae Immaturus has good appearance and internal quality. Because the secondary sophora japonica grows in the season with less plant diseases and insect pests and the sunlight is sufficient, the photosynthetic rate is high, so the sophora japonica has good appearance coloring, large and full particles and high rutin content.
(3) The economic benefit is good. After the regulation and control of the method, about 80-90% of bearing branches can be subjected to secondary flower bud differentiation and flower formation, and the formed flowers are tidy. The yield of the second flos sophorae can reach about 40% of that of the first flos sophorae. The quality, yield and benefit of the sophora japonica are all obviously superior to those of the one-season sophora japonica cultivated traditionally.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided to enable those skilled in the art to more easily understand the advantages and features of the present invention, and to clearly and clearly define the scope of the present invention.
Example 1：
A cultivation method for promoting the secondary flowering of sophora japonica comprises the following steps:
(1) fertilizing in winter: applying a base fertilizer by an earth covering method after annular furrow application with the depth of 20cm in winter; the base fertilizer is duck manure which is applied to each plant by 10 kg;
(2) fertilizing before harvesting the 1 st sophora japonica: applying high-nitrogen compound fertilizer by a method of covering soil after annular furrow application with the depth of 15cm 15 days before 1 st sophora flower bud harvest; the nitrogen of the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is as follows: phosphorus: potassium 22:9:9, application amount 0.5 kg/strain;
(3) trimming: picking 1 st flos Sophorae Immaturus and pruning; the pruning method comprises the following steps: the bearing branch is kept at 20cm, 4 leaves at the top end are required to be stripped off at the same time, leaf buds are not damaged, the distance from the first cliff to the cut is more than or equal to 1cm, and a long-branch, a diseased branch and a weak branch are cut off;
(4) promoting tip growth: after pruning, spraying the twitcher 1 time before 2 times of treetop, and promoting the tree body to regularly sprout and grow new treetop; the cladribium is 50mg/L benzylaminopurine, 150mg/L naphthylacetic acid and 25mg/L nicotinic acid;
(5) after the shoots are taken out, the foliar fertilizer and the pesticide are mixed and sprayed for 1 time, so that the growth of new shoots is promoted and meanwhile the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is prevented; the foliar fertilizer is 0.5 percent of monopotassium phosphate; the pesticide is chlorpyrifos diluted by 500 times; potassium dihydrogen phosphate with the proportion of 0.5 percent and chlorpyrifos diluted by 500 times;
(6) flower bud induction: spraying 2000 times of compound sodium nitrophenolate and 200 times of paclobutrazol for 1 time after the second time of slightly turning green, and promoting flower bud differentiation.
Example 2：
A cultivation method for promoting the secondary flowering of sophora japonica comprises the following steps:
(1) fertilizing in winter: applying a base fertilizer by an earth covering method after annular furrow application with the depth of 30cm in winter; the base fertilizer is duck manure which is applied to each plant by 10 kg;
(2) fertilizing before harvesting the 1 st sophora japonica: applying high-nitrogen compound fertilizer by a method of covering soil after annular furrow application with the depth of 20cm 20 days before the 1 st harvest of the sophora japonica; the nitrogen of the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is as follows: phosphorus: potassium 22:9:9, applied at 1.0 kg/strain;
(3) trimming: picking 1 st flos Sophorae Immaturus and pruning; the pruning method comprises the following steps: the bearing branch is kept about 30cm, 5 leaves at the top end are required to be stripped off at the same time, leaf buds are not damaged, the distance from the first cliff to the cut is more than or equal to 1cm, and a long branch, a diseased branch and a weak branch are cut off;
(4) promoting tip growth: after pruning, spraying a twitch treasure for 2 times before 2 times of treetop, and promoting the tree body to regularly sprout and grow new treetop; the cladribium is 50mg/L benzylaminopurine, 150mg/L naphthylacetic acid and 25mg/L nicotinic acid;
(5) after the shoots are taken out, the foliar fertilizer and the pesticide are mixed and sprayed for 2 times, so that the growth of new shoots is promoted and meanwhile the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is prevented; the foliar fertilizer is 0.5 percent of monopotassium phosphate; the pesticide is chlorpyrifos diluted by 500 times; potassium dihydrogen phosphate with the proportion of 0.5 percent and chlorpyrifos diluted by 500 times;
(6) flower bud induction: spraying 2000 times of compound sodium nitrophenolate and 400 times of paclobutrazol for 2 times after the second time of slightly turning green, and promoting flower bud differentiation.
Example 3：
A cultivation method for promoting the secondary flowering of sophora japonica comprises the following steps:
(1) fertilizing in winter: applying a base fertilizer by an earth covering method after annular furrow application with the depth of 25cm in winter; the base fertilizer is duck manure which is applied to each plant by 10 kg;
(2) fertilizing before harvesting the 1 st sophora japonica: applying high-nitrogen compound fertilizer by a method of covering soil after annular furrow application with the depth of 16cm 18 days before the 1 st harvest of the sophora japonica; the nitrogen of the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is as follows: phosphorus: potassium 22:9:9, application amount 0.8 kg/strain;
(3) trimming: picking 1 st flos Sophorae Immaturus and pruning; the pruning method comprises the following steps: keeping the branch of the bearing branch at 25cm, simultaneously stripping 4 leaves at the top end, cutting to avoid injuring leaf buds, keeping the distance between the first cliff and the cut to be more than or equal to 1cm, and cutting off a long-branch, a diseased branch and a weak branch;
(4) promoting tip growth: after pruning, spraying the twitcher 1 time before 2 times of treetop, and promoting the tree body to regularly sprout and grow new treetop; the cladribium is 50mg/L benzylaminopurine, 150mg/L naphthylacetic acid and 25mg/L nicotinic acid;
(5) after the shoots are taken out, the foliar fertilizer and the pesticide are mixed and sprayed for 2 times, so that the growth of new shoots is promoted and meanwhile the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is prevented; the foliar fertilizer is 0.5 percent of monopotassium phosphate; the pesticide is chlorpyrifos diluted by 500 times; potassium dihydrogen phosphate with the proportion of 0.5 percent and chlorpyrifos diluted by 500 times;
(6) flower bud induction: spraying 2000 times of compound sodium nitrophenolate and 300 times of paclobutrazol for 1 time after the second time of slightly turning green, and promoting flower bud differentiation.
The yield of the robinia pseudoacacia obtained by the cultivation method in examples 1-3 was counted, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 statistics of yield and economic benefit of the cultivation method of the present invention
As can be seen from Table 1, the yield of the cultivation method of Sophora japonica is at least increased by 52.6% compared with the conventional method, and the economic benefit is particularly obviously improved.
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. A cultivation method for promoting the secondary flowering of sophora japonica is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) fertilizing in winter: applying base fertilizer by covering soil after applying annular ditch with depth of 20-30cm in winter;
(2) fertilizing before harvesting the 1 st sophora japonica: applying high-nitrogen compound fertilizer by covering soil 15-20 days before the 1 st harvest of sophora japonica in an annular ditch with the depth of 15-20 cm;
(3) trimming: picking 1 st flos Sophorae Immaturus and pruning; the pruning method comprises the following steps: the bearing branch is kept about 20-30cm, 4-5 leaves at the top end are required to be stripped off at the same time, leaf buds are not damaged, the distance from the first cliff to the cut is more than or equal to 1cm, and a bare branch, a diseased branch and a weak branch are cut off;
(4) promoting tip growth: after pruning, spraying the twigs 1-2 times before 2 times of treetop, and promoting the tree body to regularly sprout and grow new shoots;
(5) after the shoots are taken out, the foliar fertilizer and the pesticide are mixed and sprayed for 1 to 2 times, so that the growth of new shoots is promoted and meanwhile the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is prevented;
(6) flower bud induction: spraying 2000 times of compound sodium nitrophenolate and 200 times of paclobutrazol 400 times for 1-2 times after the second time of slightly turning green to promote the flower bud differentiation.
2. The cultivation method for promoting the secondary flowering of acacia plants as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer in step (1) is duck manure with 10kg per plant.
3. The cultivation method for promoting the secondary flowering of acacia plants according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen of the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer in the step (2): phosphorus: the amount of potassium added was 0.5 to 1.0kg per strain, 22:9: 9.
4. The cultivation method for promoting the secondary flowering of acacia plants as claimed in claim 1, wherein the extract in step (4) is 50mg/L benzylaminopurine +150mg/L naphthylacetic acid +25mg/L nicotinic acid.
5. The cultivation method for promoting the secondary flowering of acacia plants according to claim 1, wherein the foliar fertilizer in the step (5) is 0.5% of monopotassium phosphate; the pesticide is chlorpyrifos diluted by 500 times; the ratio of the two is 0.5 percent of monopotassium phosphate plus chlorpyrifos diluted by 500 times.
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| CN107896778B (en) * | 2017-11-19 | 2020-11-06 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 | Method for preventing robinia pseudoacacia from brewing tip and promoting high yield |
| CN107711256B (en) * | 2017-11-19 | 2020-07-24 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 | Planting method for improving yield of sophora japonica |
| CN109511511B (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2020-10-16 | 中国科学院武汉植物园 | Cultivation method for promoting secondary growth and flowering of loosestrife herb in one year |
| CN109845608B (en) * | 2019-01-10 | 2021-01-05 | 贵州师范大学 | Method for regulating and controlling secondary flowering of verbena salicifolia |
| CN111316856A (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2020-06-23 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 | Cultivation method for promoting high yield of two-season golden locust |
| CN113951032B (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2022-12-16 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 | Cost-saving and efficiency-increasing golden locust cultivation method |
| CN114651655B (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2023-04-11 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 | Cultivation method for high yield of early blossoms of sophora japonica |
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