CN107711256B - Planting method for improving yield of sophora japonica - Google Patents
Planting method for improving yield of sophora japonica Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method for improving the yield of sophora japonica, which comprises the following steps of (1) garden selection: selecting a place with smooth drainage for the golden locust garden; (2) digging holes and planting; (3) applying a base fertilizer: mixing the decomposed chicken manure with soil, and backfilling the mixture into a planting hole; (4) planting: placing the grafted seedling in a planting hole, taking soil to bury, and pouring root fixing water thoroughly; (5) pruning the first-year acacia saplings; (6) in the second year, topping and shaping for 2-3 times according to the method in the step (5) to form 6-7 layers of branches, and finishing shaping; (7) in the third year, the trees are shaped and trimmed, and the robinia pseudoacacia can enter a high-yield period; (8) trimming in the fourth year and later: the thickness of the outermost layer, namely the branches of the six-grade or seven-grade branches, is kept between 0.5 and 1cm, and the length is kept at 5 cm. The invention reduces nutrient consumption of the spiny branches and crown closure, increases ventilation and light transmission, can effectively prevent the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests, and promotes the advanced fruiting of the golden locust and the high yield of the golden locust garden.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a planting method for improving the yield of sophora japonica.
Background
The dried flower bud of pagodatree (Sophora japonica L.) belonging to the family Leguminosae of the pagodatree is a characteristic traditional Chinese medicinal material, and rutin which is an active ingredient of the dried flower bud has the effects of resisting inflammation, relieving spasm, resisting ulcer, inhibiting bacteria, fungi and viruses and absorbing ultraviolet rays.
At present, the planting area of the golden pagodatree in the county of the State reaches 27 ten thousand mu, however, according to survey, the golden pagodatree garden of about 1/2 has the problem of low yield, the main reasons are that 1) the planting quantity is small, the current planting of the golden pagodatree is generally carried out at a plant row spacing of 4m × 4.5.5 m, and only 40-50 plants can be planted per mu, and 2) the pruning is mainly carried out by heavy shearing, the yield of a single plant is low, the branches of the golden pagodatree after heavy shearing are sprouted are vigorous in growth, the flower ears of the knots are large, but the pagodatree flower buds are loose and not compact, the number of the branches is small, and the yield and the total yield of the single plant are low due to the factors, especially for the planters with small planting area, therefore, how to improve the yield of the unit area is the problem which needs to be.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a planting method for improving the yield of the sophora japonica, and aims to obtain a planting method which has high yield and can effectively prevent diseases and insect pests.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a planting method for improving the yield of sophora japonica comprises the following operation steps:
(1) garden selection: selecting a place with smooth drainage for the golden locust garden;
(2) digging holes and planting;
(3) applying a base fertilizer: mixing the decomposed chicken manure with soil, and backfilling the mixture into a planting hole;
(4) planting: selecting a robinia pseudoacacia grafted seedling with complete and strong root system (the stock is an annual robinia pseudoacacia seedling), placing the root system of the grafted seedling in a planting hole after smoothing according to the growth direction, taking soil, burying, slightly lifting, covering with soil, treading, and watering root fixing water;
(5) the method comprises the following specific operation steps of pruning the first-year acacia saplings:
(a) selecting a new shoot which grows strongly and vertically upwards after the grafted seedling planted in the step (4) germinates, reserving the new shoot, and wiping off all the rest new shoots; when the vertical length of the reserved young shoots is 70-80 cm, topping, and simultaneously, beginning to bud on the reserved young shoot stems at intervals of 15-20 cm, uniformly distributing the directions of the young shoots in different directions, and forming primary branches after germination;
(b) applying a water fertilizer;
(c) when newly germinated shoots of the first-level branches in the horizontal direction of the main trunk of the golden locust tree grow to 5-7cm, topping again, enabling the direction of the reserved buds to be perpendicular to the direction of the reserved buds of the first-level branches to form second-level branches, topping when newly germinated shoots at the top ends of the second-level lateral branches are 8-10 cm, and then selecting new shoots which are strong in growth and extend to the periphery to be reserved;
(d) applying a water fertilizer;
(e) topping again when the newly germinated shoots on the second-level branches grow to 5-7cm, wherein the direction of the reserved buds is vertical to the direction of the reserved buds in the step (c), so as to form third-level branches; topping when the young shoots at the top end of the trunk are 8-11cm, and then selecting the young shoots which are robust in growth and extend to the periphery to be reserved;
(f) applying a water fertilizer;
(g) topping again when the newly germinated shoots on the third-level branches grow to 5-7cm, wherein the direction of the remained buds is vertical to the direction of the remained buds in the step (e), and forming fourth-level branches; topping when the young shoots at the top end of the trunk are 8-11cm, and then selecting the young shoots which are robust in growth and extend to the periphery to be reserved;
(h) pruning in winter: after the four-level branches are formed, the trees grow, the trees are not shaped before leaves fall, general management such as insect killing, watering, weeding and the like is only needed to be done, the four-level branches are trimmed in winter, the remaining branches are about 5cm long, the top tips are trimmed from the base, and the upward growth of the trees in the next year is slowed down;
(6) in the second year, topping and shaping for 2-3 times according to the method in the step (5) to form 6-7 layers of branches, and shaping is basically completed;
(7) and (3) trimming trees in the third year: in the third year, the outmost branches, namely the branches with the thickness of 0.5-1cm, are the best bearing branches, if the thickness of the outmost branches is larger than 1cm, the outmost branches are topped again, so that the thickness of the outmost branches is kept at 0.5-1cm, and the golden pagoda can initially enter the high yield period;
(8) trimming in the fourth year and later: the thickness of the outermost layer, namely the branches of the six-grade or seven-grade branches, is kept between 0.5 and 1cm, the length of the outermost layer is kept between 5cm, and one layer of branches is retracted every other year so as to prevent the crown width from being too large.
Preferably, the digging and field planting in the step (2) is to dig field planting holes for planting the golden pagoda according to the row spacing of 1.2m × 2m, wherein the width of the field planting holes is 0.8-1 m, and the depth of the field planting holes is 50-80 cm.
Preferably, 10kg of decomposed chicken manure is mixed with soil according to the volume ratio of 1:2 in the step (3) and backfilled into the planting hole.
Preferably, the fertilizing amount in the step (b) and the fertilizing amount in the step (d) are the same, and the mass ratio of nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium 15: :15: 15 g of compound fertilizer, after being dissolved in water, the mixture is uniformly poured on the root of the golden locust.
Preferably, the applying of the water and fertilizer in the step (f) is carried out by applying nitrogen to each robinia pseudoacacia seedling: phosphorus: potassium 22: :11: 150g of 8 compound fertilizer is uniformly irrigated on the roots after being dissolved in water.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method increases the planting quantity per mu, and the number of the plants per mu is increased from about 40 plants to about 200 plants; furthermore, the tree form with reasonably distributed main lateral branches is formed, the nutrient consumption of the bare branches and crown closure are reduced, ventilation and light transmission are increased, the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests can be effectively prevented, and the advanced fruiting of the golden locust and the high yield of the golden locust garden are promoted.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description is to be read in connection with specific embodiments, but it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
Example 1
A planting method for improving the yield of sophora japonica comprises the following operation steps:
(1) garden selection: the application of the golden locust is strong, the general soil conditions can be adapted, but long-time water accumulation easily causes death of golden locust seedlings, so that the golden locust garden land is necessarily selected in a place with smooth drainage;
(2) digging and field planting, namely digging field planting holes for planting the golden pagoda according to the plant row spacing of 1.2m × 2m, wherein the width of the field planting holes is 0.8-1 m, and the depth of the field planting holes is 50-60 cm;
(3) applying a base fertilizer: mixing 10kg of decomposed chicken manure with soil according to the volume ratio of 1:2, and backfilling the mixture into a planting hole;
(4) planting: selecting a robinia pseudoacacia grafted seedling with complete and strong root system (the stock is an annual robinia pseudoacacia seedling), placing the root system of the grafted seedling in a planting hole after smoothing according to the growth direction, taking soil, burying, slightly lifting, covering with soil, treading, and watering root fixing water;
(5) the method comprises the following specific operation steps of pruning the first-year acacia saplings:
(a) selecting a new shoot which grows strongly and vertically upwards after the grafted seedling planted in the step (4) germinates, reserving the new shoot, and wiping off all the rest new shoots; when the vertical length of the reserved young shoots is 70-75 cm, topping, and simultaneously, beginning to bud on the reserved young shoot stems at intervals of 15-20 cm, uniformly distributing the directions of the young shoots in different directions, and forming primary branches after germination;
(b) applying a water fertilizer after the step (a) is finished: applying nitrogen to each robinia pseudoacacia in a mass ratio of: phosphorus: potassium 15: :15: 15 g of compound fertilizer, uniformly irrigating the compound fertilizer in water at the root of the sophora japonica;
(c) when newly germinated shoots of the first-level branches in the horizontal direction of the main trunk of the golden locust tree grow to 5-7cm, topping again, enabling the direction of the reserved buds to be perpendicular to the direction of the reserved buds of the first-level branches to form second-level branches, topping when newly germinated shoots at the top ends of the second-level lateral branches are 8-10 cm, and then selecting new shoots which are strong in growth and extend to the periphery to be reserved;
(d) immediately applying fertilizer after the step (c), wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen applied to each robinia pseudoacacia: phosphorus: potassium 15: :15: 15 g of compound fertilizer, which is uniformly irrigated to the roots after being dissolved in water;
(e) topping again when the newly germinated shoots on the second-level branches grow to 5-7cm, wherein the direction of the reserved buds is vertical to the direction of the reserved buds in the step (c), so as to form third-level branches; topping when the young shoots at the top end of the trunk are 8-11cm, and then selecting the young shoots which are robust in growth and extend to the periphery to be reserved;
(f) immediately applying fertilizer after the step (e) is finished, and applying water and fertilizer: applying nitrogen to each robinia pseudoacacia seedling: phosphorus: potassium 22: :11: 150g of 8 compound fertilizer, which is uniformly irrigated on the roots after being dissolved in water;
(g) topping again when the newly germinated shoots on the third-level branches grow to 5-7cm, wherein the direction of the remained buds is vertical to the direction of the remained buds in the step (e), and forming fourth-level branches; topping when the young shoots at the top end of the trunk are 8-11cm, and then selecting the young shoots which are strong in growth and extend to the periphery to be reserved;
(h) pruning in winter: after the fourth-level branches are formed, the trees grow, the trees are not reshaped before leaf falling (from the fertilization in the step (f) to the spring of the next year), general management such as insect killing, watering, weeding and the like is only needed, the fourth-level branches are pruned in winter, the length of the remained branches is about 5cm, the top tips are pruned from the base, and the upward growth of the trees in the second year is slowed down; (6) in the second year, topping and shaping for 2-3 times according to the method in the step (5) to form 6-7-level branches, and shaping is basically completed;
(7) and (3) trimming trees in the third year: in the third year, the outmost branches, namely the branches of the six-grade or seven-grade branches, are about 0.5-1cm in thickness to be the best bearing branches, if the outmost branches are more than 1cm in thickness, the branches are topped again, so that the outmost branches are kept at 0.5-1cm in thickness, and the Robinia pseudoacacia can initially enter the high yield period;
(8) trimming in the fourth year and later: the thickness of the outermost layer, namely the branches of the six-grade or seven-grade branches, is kept between 0.5 and 1cm, the length is kept about 5cm, and one layer of branches is retracted every other year so as to prevent the crown width from being too large; the yield of the sophora japonica is counted after planting, and the data shown in the table 1 are obtained.
Example 2
A planting method for improving the yield of sophora japonica comprises the following operation steps:
(1) garden selection: the application of the golden locust is strong, the general soil conditions can be adapted, but long-time water accumulation easily causes death of golden locust seedlings, so that the golden locust garden land is necessarily selected in a place with smooth drainage;
(2) digging and field planting, namely digging field planting holes for planting the golden pagoda according to the plant row spacing of 1.2m × 2m, wherein the width of the field planting holes is 0.8-1 m, and the depth of the field planting holes is 60-80 cm;
(3) applying a base fertilizer: mixing 10kg of decomposed chicken manure with soil according to the volume ratio of 1:2, and backfilling the mixture into a planting hole;
(4) planting: selecting a robinia pseudoacacia grafted seedling with complete and strong root system (the stock is an annual robinia pseudoacacia seedling), placing the root system of the grafted seedling in a planting hole after smoothing according to the growth direction, taking soil, burying, slightly lifting, covering with soil, treading, and watering root fixing water;
(5) the method comprises the following specific operation steps of pruning the first-year acacia saplings:
(a) selecting a new shoot which grows strongly and vertically upwards after the grafted seedling planted in the step (4) germinates, reserving the new shoot, and wiping off all the rest new shoots; when the vertical length of the reserved young shoots is 75-80 cm, topping, and simultaneously, beginning to bud on the reserved young shoot stems at intervals of 15-20 cm, uniformly distributing the directions of the young shoots in different directions, and forming primary branches after germination;
(b) applying a water fertilizer after the step (a) is finished: applying nitrogen to each robinia pseudoacacia in a mass ratio of: phosphorus: potassium 15: :15: 15 g of compound fertilizer, uniformly irrigating the compound fertilizer in water at the root of the sophora japonica;
(c) when newly germinated shoots of the first-level branches in the horizontal direction of the main trunk of the golden locust tree grow to 5-7cm, topping again, enabling the direction of the reserved buds to be perpendicular to the direction of the reserved buds of the first-level branches to form second-level branches, topping when newly germinated shoots at the top ends of the second-level lateral branches are 8-10 cm, and then selecting new shoots which are strong in growth and extend to the periphery to be reserved;
(d) immediately applying fertilizer after the step (c), wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen applied to each robinia pseudoacacia: phosphorus: potassium 15: :15: 15 g of compound fertilizer, which is uniformly irrigated to the roots after being dissolved in water;
(e) topping again when the newly germinated shoots on the second-level branches grow to 5-7cm, wherein the direction of the reserved buds is vertical to the direction of the reserved buds in the step (c), so as to form third-level branches; topping when the young shoots at the top end of the trunk are 8-11cm, and then selecting the young shoots which are robust in growth and extend to the periphery to be reserved;
(f) immediately applying fertilizer after the step (e) is finished, and applying water and fertilizer: applying nitrogen to each robinia pseudoacacia seedling: phosphorus: potassium 22: :11: 150g of 8 compound fertilizer, which is uniformly irrigated on the roots after being dissolved in water;
(g) topping again when the newly germinated shoots on the third-level branches grow to 5-7cm, wherein the direction of the remained buds is vertical to the direction of the remained buds in the step (e), and forming fourth-level branches; topping when the young shoots at the top end of the trunk are 8-11cm, and then selecting the young shoots which are strong in growth and extend to the periphery to be reserved;
(h) pruning in winter: after the fourth-level branches are formed, the trees grow, the trees are not reshaped before leaf falling (from the fertilization in the step (f) to the spring of the next year), general management such as insect killing, watering, weeding and the like is only needed, the fourth-level branches are pruned in winter, the length of the remained branches is about 5cm, the top tips are pruned from the base, and the upward growth of the trees in the second year is slowed down; (6) in the second year, topping and shaping for 2-3 times according to the method in the step (5) to form 6-7-level branches, and shaping is basically completed;
(7) and (3) trimming trees in the third year: in the third year, the outmost branches, namely the branches of the six-grade or seven-grade branches, are about 0.5-1cm in thickness to be the best bearing branches, if the outmost branches are more than 1cm in thickness, the branches are topped again, so that the outmost branches are kept at 0.5-1cm in thickness, and the Robinia pseudoacacia can initially enter the high yield period;
(8) trimming in the fourth year and later: the thickness of the outermost layer, namely the branches of the six-grade or seven-grade branches, is kept between 0.5 and 1cm, the length is kept about 5cm, and one layer of branches is retracted every other year so as to prevent the crown width from being too large.
Comparative example 1
The conventional planting method of the sophora japonica comprises the following steps: grafted seedlings of the golden pagoda which are out of the nursery only have a single trunk, the height of the trunk is determined to be 50-100 cm after the grafted seedlings are planted, 3-4 main branches are reserved for young shoots which are extracted once in the current year after the grafted seedlings are planted, and the length of each main branch is 20-30 cm. And (3) after primary pinching, pulling out and germinating secondary young shoots, and reserving 2-3 auxiliary main branches with the length of 20-30 cm. And (4) after secondary pinching, pulling out and germinating the young shoots for three times, and reserving 2-3 branches with the length of 20-40 cm. And (4) plucking the young shoots for four times after three times of pinching, and leaving 2-3 branches with the length of 20-40 cm. Every pinching is carried out, the direction of the buds is kept, the buds growing horizontally to the periphery are kept, and the buds growing upwards and downwards are not kept. Continuously pinching for three times in the same year to form 3-4 main branches, 6-12 auxiliary main branches and a natural open-heart shape with 3-4 levels of branch levels, thus obtaining the tree branch; the yield of the sophora japonica is counted after planting, and the data shown in the table 1 are obtained.
TABLE 1
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. The planting method for improving the yield of the golden locust is characterized by comprising the following operation steps:
(1) garden selection: selecting a place with smooth drainage for the golden locust garden;
(2) digging holes and planting;
(3) applying a base fertilizer: mixing the decomposed chicken manure with soil, and backfilling the mixture into a planting hole;
(4) planting: placing the grafted seedling in a planting hole, taking soil to bury, and pouring root fixing water thoroughly;
(5) the method comprises the following specific operation steps of pruning the first-year acacia saplings:
(a) selecting a new shoot to be reserved after the grafted seedling planted in the step (4) germinates, and wiping off all the rest seedlings; when the vertical length of the reserved young shoots is 70-80 cm, topping, and simultaneously, beginning to bud on the reserved young shoot stems at intervals of 15-20 cm, uniformly distributing the directions of the young shoots in different directions, and forming primary branches after germination;
(b) applying a water fertilizer;
(c) topping again when newly germinated shoots of the primary branches in the horizontal direction of the main trunk of the golden locust grow to 5-7cm to form secondary branches, topping when newly germinated shoots at the top ends of the secondary side branches grow to 8-10 cm, and then selecting new shoots which grow robustly and extend to the periphery to be reserved;
(d) applying a water fertilizer;
(e) topping again when newly germinated shoots on the secondary branches grow to 5-7cm to form tertiary branches; topping when the young shoots at the top end of the trunk are 8-11cm, and then selecting the young shoots which are robust in growth and extend to the periphery to be reserved;
(f) applying a water fertilizer;
(g) topping again when the newly germinated shoots on the third-level branches grow to 5-7cm, wherein the direction of the remained buds is vertical to the direction of the remained buds in the step (e), and forming fourth-level branches; topping when the young shoots at the top end of the trunk are 8-11cm, and then selecting the young shoots which are robust in growth and extend to the periphery to be reserved;
(h) pruning in winter: after the four-level branches are formed, the trees grow, the trees are not required to be shaped before leaves fall, only general management of insect killing, watering and weeding is needed, the four-level branches are trimmed in winter, the remaining branches are about 5cm long, the top tips are trimmed from the base, and the upward growth of the trees in the second year is slowed down;
(6) in the second year, topping and shaping for 2-3 times according to the method in the step (5) to form 6-7 layers of branches, and finishing shaping;
(7) and (3) trimming trees in the third year: in the third year, the outmost branches, namely the branches with the thickness of 0.5-1cm, are the best bearing branches, if the thickness of the outmost branches is more than 1cm, the outmost branches are topped again, so that the thickness of the outmost branches is kept at 0.5-1cm, and the golden pagoda can enter the high yield period;
(8) trimming in the fourth year and later: the thickness of the outermost layer, namely the branches of the six-grade or seven-grade branches, is kept between 0.5 and 1cm, the length of the outermost layer is kept between 5cm, and one layer of branches is retracted every other year so as to prevent the crown width from being too large.
2. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein the digging and field planting in the step (2) is to dig field planting holes according to the plant row spacing of 1.2m × 2m, the width of the field planting holes is 0.8-1 m, and the depth of the field planting holes is 50-80 cm.
3. The planting method of claim 1, wherein: and (3) mixing 10kg of decomposed chicken manure with soil according to the volume ratio of 1:2, and backfilling the mixture into the planting hole.
4. The planting method of claim 1, wherein: the fertilizing amount in the step (b) is the same as that in the step (d), and the mass ratio of nitrogen applied to each robinia pseudoacacia: phosphorus: potassium = 15: 15: 15 g of compound fertilizer, after being dissolved in water, the mixture is uniformly poured on the root of the golden locust.
5. The planting method of claim 1, wherein: applying water and fertilizer in a mass ratio in the step (f) to apply nitrogen to each robinia pseudoacacia seedling: phosphorus: potassium = 22: 11: 150g of 8 compound fertilizer is uniformly irrigated on the roots after being dissolved in water.
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| CN114651655B (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2023-04-11 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 | Cultivation method for high yield of early blossoms of sophora japonica |
| CN116210518B (en) * | 2023-04-06 | 2024-07-09 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 | Yield-increasing quality-improving transformation method for low-yield old tree of acacia |
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