CN112237120A - Shaping technology cultivation mode of Y-shaped pinaga ananas comosus - Google Patents
Shaping technology cultivation mode of Y-shaped pinaga ananas comosus Download PDFInfo
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- CN112237120A CN112237120A CN202011313936.1A CN202011313936A CN112237120A CN 112237120 A CN112237120 A CN 112237120A CN 202011313936 A CN202011313936 A CN 202011313936A CN 112237120 A CN112237120 A CN 112237120A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a shaping technology cultivation mode of 'Y' -shaped ananas comosus, the plant row spacing is calibrated according to 1.5m multiplied by 3m, the trunk is reserved with 40 cm-50 cm, 1 strip with the length of 100cm is respectively reserved on two sides of the vertical row, the angle between the trunk and the trunk is 135 degrees, the Y-shaped ananas comosus tree is shaped, and 10-12 secondary pile heads which grow upwards and are uniformly distributed are reserved on the primary branch. The tree-shaped tree is in a Y-shaped tree form, 3 times of pruning are carried out every year, the tree-shaped structure is relatively simple, and the pruning technology is simple and easy to learn; and a Y-shaped tree form is adopted, only 2 branches are left in each trunk, the directions and angles of the branches are easier to control, the spatial distribution of the branches is extremely standard, the water and nutrition supply is balanced, and the balanced development of the tree body is facilitated, so that the problems that the trimming technology requirement is high, the training difficulty of a producer is high, the balanced development of the tree body is difficult to control are solved, and the yield per unit area and the fruit quality are greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of shaping ananas comosus, in particular to a Y-shaped ananas comosus shaping technical cultivation mode.
Background
The custard apple is a perennial tropical fruit tree of Annonaceae, Annona, and the custard apple is large in fruit (the maximum single fruit weight can reach 1500g), thick in pulp, much in juice, less in seeds, rich in nutrition, good in flavor, high in sweetness (the total sugar content reaches 20-25%), and is a main cultivated variety in Taiwan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan, Fujian, Hainan and other provinces at present. After the custard apple is introduced into continental places of China, the custard apple has good fruit quality and flavor, has the flavor of tropical fruits such as the custard apple and the guava, is popular with consumers, has high selling price and is not in demand in the market at present.
The sprout of the custard apple is strong in sprouting ability, the sprout grows fast, pruning is carried out at least 3-4 times in the annual production process, for example, 7-8 times of pruning including flower-promoting pruning and dense, weak and diseased branch pruning are carried out in a sightseeing orchard, the pruning technical requirement is high, the training cost for technical workers is high, and the training difficulty is also high; moreover, the custard apple grows vigorously, the requirement on growth space is large, and the maximum yield and benefit cannot be realized by the existing production technology.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems in the background technology, the invention provides a cultivation mode of the Y-shaped cushaw apple shaping technology, the tree structure is relatively simple, the pruning technology is simple and easy to learn, the Y-shaped tree form is adopted, only 2 branches are left in each trunk, the branch directions and angles are easy to control, the branch space distribution is extremely standard, the water and nutrition supply is balanced, the balanced development of the tree body is facilitated, and the yield per unit area and the fruit quality are greatly improved.
The invention provides the following technical scheme: a shaping technique for cultivating 'Y' -shaped pinaga ananas comosus comprises the following steps:
(1) garden selection: selecting flat lands or horizontal terrace lands in tropical and subtropical regions, wherein the soil pH value is 5.5-6.5 sandy loam, gravelly loam and laterite;
(2) land preparation and planting planning: clearing weeds, sundries, stones and the like which hinder cultivation in the garden, deeply turning the garden, harrowing soil blocks and leveling the land after insolation for one month, determining a downwind direction (generally a north-south direction) as a planting row direction, calibrating according to a row spacing of 1.5m multiplied by 3m, digging planting ditches, separately stacking surface soil and bottom soil during digging holes, returning soil in the previous month of planting, then adding fertilizers, and backfilling the bottom soil to an upper layer;
(3) planting: planting the seedlings by adopting 1-2-year-old grafting nutrition bag seedlings, wherein the planting time is 2-3 months per year, cutting the seedlings into short sections before planting, cutting off tender tips, keeping the seedling height at 40-50 cm, and removing 5-6 leaves with tender and fat tops;
(4) fertilizing: 5kg of organic fertilizer, 300g of urea, 200g of calcium superphosphate and 200g of compound fertilizer are applied to 1-2-year-old young trees each year, and 15kg of organic fertilizer, 500g of urea, 500g of calcium superphosphate, 1500g of compound fertilizer and 200g of trace element fertilizer are applied to each plant of 3-4-year-old fruiting trees each year;
(5) water content management: when in flowering and pollination, except for keeping soil moist, if the climate is dry, crown water spraying is carried out at 4 to 5 pm in the full-bloom period, air humidity is increased, so as to be beneficial to flower development, the pollination fruit setting rate is improved, watering is carried out in time before and after germination to the flowering period, the young sprout growth and young fruit expansion period, the rapid expansion period, the fruit picking period and the dormancy period, and the watering amount is based on the soil which is wet and penetrates through the main root system distribution layer;
(6) shaping saplings: after the sprouts of the seedlings germinate, respectively selecting and reserving 1 primary branch with vigorous growth vigor and basically consistent growth vigor at two sides in a vertical row direction, cutting off redundant branches, if the difference of the growth vigor of the selected primary branches is slightly large or the angle is not proper, correcting branches by branch pulling and branch hanging to obtain the consistent angles and growth vigors of two primary branches, keeping a 135-degree angle between the primary branches and a main trunk, keeping a 90-degree angle between the two primary branches, pinching when the primary branches grow to 100cm, and integrating into a Y-shaped tree form, after leaf blades of branch tips are aged, keeping 1 upward secondary branch at intervals of 4-5 cm upwards from the main trunk, removing 1 leaf at intervals of 4-5 cm, keeping 1 upward secondary branch at intervals of 8-10 cm when the secondary branches grow to 40-50 cm, cutting the second branch into 6-8 cm pile heads, slightly thinning the rest branches from the base parts, and enabling the primary branches to be in a comb shape;
(7) pruning a fruiting tree: pruning fruiting trees mainly for 3 times, wherein 1 time is carried out after fruit picking, removing over-dense branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches with the diameter of less than 1cm from a base, keeping robust branches with the diameter of more than 1cm, retracting 2-4 nodes to a pile head, carrying out 2 times of pruning in combination with production period adjustment, keeping 1 vertically-growing middle spring tip every other pile head, keeping the fully-developed spring tip about 5-7 cm for short cutting, removing 2-3 top leaves, removing all over-dense branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches from the base, removing all flowers and summer fruits, enabling the trees to fruit one batch in one year, carrying out 3 times of pruning in combination with fruit removing, uniformly removing middle, lower summer tips and empty branches from the base, enabling fruiting branches to be short at the position of 2-4 cm above a fruit stalk, removing malformed fruits, small fruits and redundant fruits, and keeping 1 fruit at most per fruit stalk; thinning over dense branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches from the base of the tree crown summer tips, reserving about 30 fruits with standard fruit types and uniform distribution for each plant after fruit thinning and trimming, and reserving 30-40 upright or semi-upright growing summer tips with uniform distribution and full development for the tree crown;
(8) pollination: after 2 nd pruning of the custard apple, the new bud germinates and starts to bloom after about 1 month, and then artificial pollination is carried out;
(9) fruit bagging: the custard apple is bagged after the thinning fruit is trimmed, and the bag is not taken before picking.
Preferably, in the step (2), the garden is fully and completely turned deeply by 0.8m to 1.0m, planting ditches with the width and the depth of 0.8m multiplied by 0.6m are dug, then the fertilizers are fully and uniformly mixed according to the standard of 20kg of farmyard manure, 2kg of calcium superphosphate and 0.5kg of compound fertilizer per plant, the fertilizers are returned to the middle layer, the subsoil is returned to the upper layer and filled to be 10cm to 20cm higher than the ground, and the field planting can be carried out after the soil disk sinks for about 30 days.
Preferably, after planting in the step (3), root fixing water is immediately watered thoroughly, and then watering is carried out once every 3 days, the watering amount is not too much, the watering frequency and the watering amount after the seedling sprout is germinated are determined according to the climate condition on the basis of the humidity of the planting ditch, and the soil is kept moist.
Preferably, in the step (4), organic fertilizer, calcium superphosphate and compound fertilizer are applied to 1-2 year old young trees at one time in spring, urea is applied by a dropper after 4, 6 and 9 months of young trees are mature respectively to promote tree growth and crown formation, organic fertilizer, calcium superphosphate and compound fertilizer are applied at one time after 1 st pruning, and urea and trace element fertilizer are applied by a dropper after second pruning and fruit expansion respectively for 3-4 year old trees.
Preferably, in the step (8), artificial pollination is carried out at 18:00 evening to 22:00 night, pollen is directly taken from the flower with the anther naturally cracked by using a soft brush pen, and the pollen is immediately pollinated to the stigma of the slightly opened or semi-opened flower of the petal for 15-20 days.
Preferably, the bagging in the step (9) adopts a light-tight double-layer kraft paper bag, so that bright and beautiful fruits are kept.
The invention provides a Y-shaped ananas sakyamuni shaping technology cultivation mode, a Y-shaped tree shape is adopted, only two primary branches are reserved, only 6-8 pile heads are reserved for secondary branches, other branches are removed from a base part except the primary branches and the secondary pile heads when a bearing tree is pruned at the 1 st time every year, only 1-2 cm of retraction of a robust branch thicker than a little finger needs to be screened by visual vision, the operation is extremely simple, and the Y-shaped ananas sakyamuni shaping technology cultivation mode can be accepted by common producers only by simple explanation; because the tree structure is simple, the branches are relatively few, the first pruning technology of the bearing trees every year is very simple, the pruning for the 2 nd and 3 rd times is also easy, technicians and common producers can quickly master and accept the tree structure, the pruning technology difficulty and the training difficulty for the producers are greatly reduced, the production cost is saved, a Y-shaped tree form is adopted, only 2 branches are left in each trunk, the branch direction and the angle are easier to control, the branch space distribution is very standard, the water and nutrition supply is balanced, the balanced development of the tree body is facilitated, the mechanical damage of the branches caused by the difficulty in standard branch space distribution or excessive correction during shaping due to the reasons of multiple branches, large growth difference, improper angle and the like is avoided, and the problems of high pruning technical requirement, high training difficulty for the producers and difficulty in controlling the balanced development of the tree body are solved, and greatly improves the yield per unit area and the fruit quality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a cultivation mode of shaping technique for cushaw shaped like the letter "Y" includes the following steps:
(1) garden selection: selecting flat lands or horizontal terrace lands in tropical and subtropical regions, wherein the soil pH value is 5.5-6.5 sandy loam, gravelly loam and laterite;
(2) land preparation and planting planning: clearing weeds, sundries, stones and the like which hinder cultivation in the garden, deeply turning the garden, harrowing soil blocks and leveling the land after insolation for one month, determining a downwind direction (generally a north-south direction) as a planting row direction, calibrating according to a row spacing of 1.5m multiplied by 3m, digging planting ditches, separately stacking surface soil and bottom soil during digging holes, returning soil in the previous month of planting, then adding fertilizers, and backfilling the bottom soil to an upper layer;
(3) planting: planting the seedlings by adopting 1-2-year-old grafting nutrition bag seedlings, wherein the planting time is 2-3 months per year, cutting the seedlings into short sections before planting, cutting off tender tips, keeping the seedling height at 40-50 cm, and removing 5-6 leaves with tender and fat tops;
(4) fertilizing: 5kg of organic fertilizer, 300g of urea, 200g of calcium superphosphate and 200g of compound fertilizer are applied to 1-2-year-old young trees each year, and 15kg of organic fertilizer, 500g of urea, 500g of calcium superphosphate, 1500g of compound fertilizer and 200g of trace element fertilizer are applied to each plant of 3-4-year-old fruiting trees each year;
(5) water content management: when in flowering and pollination, except for keeping soil moist, if the climate is dry, crown water spraying is carried out at 4 to 5 pm in the full-bloom period, air humidity is increased, so as to be beneficial to flower development, the pollination fruit setting rate is improved, watering is carried out in time before and after germination to the flowering period, the young sprout growth and young fruit expansion period, the rapid expansion period, the fruit picking period and the dormancy period, and the watering amount is based on the soil which is wet and penetrates through the main root system distribution layer;
(6) shaping saplings: after the sprouts of the seedlings germinate, respectively selecting and reserving 1 primary branch with vigorous growth vigor and basically consistent growth vigor at two sides in a vertical row direction, cutting off redundant branches, if the difference of the growth vigor of the selected primary branches is slightly large or the angle is not proper, correcting branches by branch pulling and branch hanging to obtain the consistent angles and growth vigors of two primary branches, keeping a 135-degree angle between the primary branches and a main trunk, keeping a 90-degree angle between the two primary branches, pinching when the primary branches grow to 100cm, and integrating into a Y-shaped tree form, after leaf blades of branch tips are aged, keeping 1 upward secondary branch at intervals of 4-5 cm upwards from the main trunk, removing 1 leaf at intervals of 4-5 cm, keeping 1 upward secondary branch at intervals of 8-10 cm when the secondary branches grow to 40-50 cm, cutting the second branch into 6-8 cm pile heads, slightly thinning the rest branches from the base parts, and enabling the primary branches to be in a comb shape;
(7) pruning a fruiting tree: pruning fruiting trees mainly for 3 times, wherein 1 time is carried out after fruit picking, removing over-dense branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches with the diameter of less than 1cm from a base, keeping robust branches with the diameter of more than 1cm, retracting 2-4 nodes to a pile head, carrying out 2 times of pruning in combination with production period adjustment, keeping 1 vertically-growing middle spring tip every other pile head, keeping the fully-developed spring tip about 5-7 cm for short cutting, removing 2-3 top leaves, removing all over-dense branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches from the base, removing all flowers and summer fruits, enabling the trees to fruit one batch in one year, carrying out 3 times of pruning in combination with fruit removing, uniformly removing middle, lower summer tips and empty branches from the base, enabling fruiting branches to be short at the position of 2-4 cm above a fruit stalk, removing malformed fruits, small fruits and redundant fruits, and keeping 1 fruit at most per fruit stalk; thinning over dense branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches from the base of the tree crown summer tips, reserving about 30 fruits with standard fruit types and uniform distribution for each plant after fruit thinning and trimming, and reserving 30-40 upright or semi-upright growing summer tips with uniform distribution and full development for the tree crown;
(8) pollination: after 2 nd pruning of the custard apple, the new bud germinates and starts to bloom after about 1 month, and then artificial pollination is carried out;
(9) fruit bagging: the custard apple is bagged after the thinning fruit is trimmed, and the bag is not taken before picking.
The first embodiment is as follows:
a shaping technique for cultivating 'Y' -shaped pinaga ananas comosus comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting flat lands or horizontal step lands in tropical and subtropical regions, wherein the soil pH value is sandy loam, gravelly loam and laterite soil of 5.5-6.5; then, removing weeds, sundries, stones and the like which hinder cultivation in the garden, deeply turning the garden, harrowing soil blocks and leveling the land after insolation for one month, determining the downwind direction (generally the north-south direction) as the planting row direction, calibrating according to the row spacing of 1.5m multiplied by 3m plants, digging planting ditches, separately stacking surface soil and bottom soil during digging holes, returning soil in the previous month of planting, then adding fertilizers, and backfilling the bottom soil to the upper layer; then, the seedlings are planted in 1-2-year-old grafting nutrition bag seedlings for 2-3 months each year, the seedlings are cut short before planting, tender tips are cut off, the height of the seedlings is kept to be 40-50 cm, and 5-6 leaves with tender and large tops are removed; then applying 5kg of organic fertilizer, 300g of urea, 200g of calcium superphosphate and 200g of compound fertilizer to 1-2-year-old young trees each year, and applying 15kg of organic fertilizer, 500g of urea, 500g of calcium superphosphate, 1500g of compound fertilizer and 200g of trace element fertilizer to each plant of 3-4-year-old fruiting trees each year; then, when flowering and pollinating, in addition to keeping soil moist, if the climate is dry, crown water spraying is carried out at 4 to 5 pm in the full-bloom period, air humidity is increased, so as to be beneficial to flower development, the pollination and fruit setting rate is improved, watering is carried out in time before and after germination until the flowering period, the young sprout growth and young fruit expansion period, the rapid expansion period, the fruit picking period and the dormancy period, and the watering amount is based on the soil which is wet and penetrates through the main root system distribution layer; then after the sprouts of the seedlings germinate, respectively selecting and reserving 1 primary branch with vigorous growth vigor and basically consistent growth vigor at two sides in a vertical row direction, cutting off redundant branches, if the difference of the growth vigor of the selected primary branches is slightly large or the angle is not proper, correcting branches by pulling and hanging branches to obtain the consistent angles and growth vigors of the two primary branches, keeping a 135-degree angle between the primary branches and a main trunk, keeping a 90-degree angle between the two primary branches, pinching when the primary branches grow to 100cm, and integrating into a Y-shaped tree form, after the leaves of branch tips are aged, upwards locating about 10cm away from the main trunk, removing 1 leaf every 4-5 cm, when the secondary branches grow to 40-50 cm, keeping 1 upwards-grown secondary branch every 8-10 cm, cutting the second branch into 6-8 cm pile heads, slightly thinning the rest branches from the base part, and enabling the primary branches to be in a comb shape; then fruit tree pruning is mainly carried out for 3 times, 1 time is carried out after fruit picking, over-dense branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches with the diameter of less than 1cm are removed from a base, robust branches with the diameter of more than 1cm are reserved, 2-4 nodes are reserved and retracted to pile heads, 2 time pruning is carried out in combination with production period adjustment, 1 middle spring tip which grows vertically is reserved every other pile head, the growing spring tip is kept for about 5-7 cm to be cut, 2-3 leaves at the top end are removed, all over-dense branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches are removed from the base, all flowers and summer fruits are removed, a tree body is allowed to fruit a batch in one year, 3 time fruit thinning is carried out in combination, middle and lower summer tips and empty branches are uniformly removed from the base, the fruit branches are shortened at the position of 2-4 cm above a fruit stem, malformed fruits, small fruits and redundant fruits are removed, and 1 fruit stem is reserved at most; thinning over dense branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches from the base of the tree crown summer tips, reserving about 30 fruits with standard fruit types and uniform distribution for each plant after fruit thinning and trimming, and reserving 30-40 upright or semi-upright growing summer tips with uniform distribution and full development for the tree crown; after the 2 nd pruning, the new buds begin to bloom after about 1 month of germination and then are pollinated manually; then, the fruits are bagged after thinning and trimming, one bag is used for one fruit, and the bag is not taken before picking.
Example two:
in one embodiment, the following steps are added:
and (3) comprehensively and deeply turning the garden land by 0.8-1.0 m in step (2), digging planting ditches with the width and the depth of 0.8m x 0.6m respectively, fully and uniformly mixing fertilizers according to the standard of 20kg of farmyard manure, 2kg of calcium superphosphate and 0.5kg of compound fertilizer per plant, returning the fertilizers to the middle layer, returning the subsoil to the upper layer, filling the subsoil to a position 10-20 cm higher than the ground, and performing field planting after the soil disk sinks for about 30 days.
Firstly, selecting flat lands or horizontal step lands in tropical and subtropical regions, wherein the soil pH value is sandy loam, gravelly loam and laterite soil of 5.5-6.5; then, weeds, sundries, stones and the like which hinder cultivation in the garden are removed, the garden is ploughed deeply, soil blocks are raked and smashed and the land is leveled after being exposed for one month, the downwind direction (generally the north-south direction) is determined as the planting row direction, the calibration is carried out according to the row spacing of 1.5m multiplied by 3m, planting ditches are dug, surface soil and bottom soil are separately stacked during digging holes, soil returning is carried out in the previous month after planting, then fertilizer is added, the bottom soil is backfilled to the upper layer, the garden is thoroughly ploughed 0.8m to 1.0m deeply, planting ditches with the width and the depth of 0.8m to 0.6m are dug, then 20kg of farmyard manure per plant are mixed with 2kg of calcium superphosphate and 0.5kg of compound fertilizer, the fertilizer is returned to the middle layer after the fertilizer is fully mixed, the bottom soil is returned to the upper layer, the land is filled to 10-20 cm above the ground, and the planting can be; then, the seedlings are planted in 1-2-year-old grafting nutrition bag seedlings for 2-3 months each year, the seedlings are cut short before planting, tender tips are cut off, the height of the seedlings is kept to be 40-50 cm, and 5-6 leaves with tender and large tops are removed; then applying 5kg of organic fertilizer, 300g of urea, 200g of calcium superphosphate and 200g of compound fertilizer to 1-2-year-old young trees each year, and applying 15kg of organic fertilizer, 500g of urea, 500g of calcium superphosphate, 1500g of compound fertilizer and 200g of trace element fertilizer to each plant of 3-4-year-old fruiting trees each year; then, when flowering and pollinating, in addition to keeping soil moist, if the climate is dry, crown water spraying is carried out at 4 to 5 pm in the full-bloom period, air humidity is increased, so as to be beneficial to flower development, the pollination and fruit setting rate is improved, watering is carried out in time before and after germination until the flowering period, the young sprout growth and young fruit expansion period, the rapid expansion period, the fruit picking period and the dormancy period, and the watering amount is based on the soil which is wet and penetrates through the main root system distribution layer; then after the sprouts of the seedlings germinate, respectively selecting and reserving 1 primary branch with vigorous growth vigor and basically consistent growth vigor at two sides in a vertical row direction, cutting off redundant branches, if the difference of the growth vigor of the selected primary branches is slightly large or the angle is not proper, correcting branches by pulling and hanging branches to obtain the consistent angles and growth vigors of the two primary branches, keeping a 135-degree angle between the primary branches and a main trunk, keeping a 90-degree angle between the two primary branches, pinching when the primary branches grow to 100cm, and integrating into a Y-shaped tree form, after the leaves of branch tips are aged, upwards locating about 10cm away from the main trunk, removing 1 leaf every 4-5 cm, when the secondary branches grow to 40-50 cm, keeping 1 upwards-grown secondary branch every 8-10 cm, cutting the second branch into 6-8 cm pile heads, slightly thinning the rest branches from the base part, and enabling the primary branches to be in a comb shape; then fruit tree pruning is mainly carried out for 3 times, 1 time is carried out after fruit picking, over-dense branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches with the diameter of less than 1cm are removed from a base, robust branches with the diameter of more than 1cm are reserved, 2-4 nodes are reserved and retracted to pile heads, 2 time pruning is carried out in combination with production period adjustment, 1 middle spring tip which grows vertically is reserved every other pile head, the growing spring tip is kept for about 5-7 cm to be cut, 2-3 leaves at the top end are removed, all over-dense branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches are removed from the base, all flowers and summer fruits are removed, a tree body is allowed to fruit a batch in one year, 3 time fruit thinning is carried out in combination, middle and lower summer tips and empty branches are uniformly removed from the base, the fruit branches are shortened at the position of 2-4 cm above a fruit stem, malformed fruits, small fruits and redundant fruits are removed, and 1 fruit stem is reserved at most; thinning over dense branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches from the base of the tree crown summer tips, reserving about 30 fruits with standard fruit types and uniform distribution for each plant after fruit thinning and trimming, and reserving 30-40 upright or semi-upright growing summer tips with uniform distribution and full development for the tree crown; after the 2 nd pruning, the new buds begin to bloom after about 1 month of germination and then are pollinated manually; then, the fruits are bagged after thinning and trimming, one bag is used for one fruit, and the bag is not taken before picking.
Example three:
in example two, the following steps were added:
and (4) immediately watering the root fixing water after planting in the step (3), and then supplementing and watering once every 3 days, wherein the watering amount is not excessive, the watering frequency and the watering amount after the seedling sprout is germinated are determined according to the climate condition based on the humidity of the planting ditch, and the soil is kept moist.
Firstly, selecting flat lands or horizontal step lands in tropical and subtropical regions, wherein the soil pH value is sandy loam, gravelly loam and laterite soil of 5.5-6.5; then, weeds, sundries, stones and the like which hinder cultivation in the garden are removed, the garden is ploughed deeply, soil blocks are raked and smashed and the land is leveled after being exposed for one month, the downwind direction (generally the north-south direction) is determined as the planting row direction, the calibration is carried out according to the row spacing of 1.5m multiplied by 3m, planting ditches are dug, surface soil and bottom soil are separately stacked during digging holes, soil returning is carried out in the previous month after planting, then fertilizer is added, the bottom soil is backfilled to the upper layer, the garden is thoroughly ploughed 0.8m to 1.0m deeply, planting ditches with the width and the depth of 0.8m to 0.6m are dug, then 20kg of farmyard manure per plant are mixed with 2kg of calcium superphosphate and 0.5kg of compound fertilizer, the fertilizer is returned to the middle layer after the fertilizer is fully mixed, the bottom soil is returned to the upper layer, the land is filled to 10-20 cm above the ground, and the planting can be; then, the seedlings are planted by adopting 1-2-year-old grafting nutrition bag seedlings, the planting time is 2-3 months per year, the seedlings are cut short before planting, tender tips are cut off, the height of the seedlings is kept to be 40-50 cm, 5-6 blades with tender and thick tops are removed, root fixing water is immediately poured after planting, the seedlings are watered again every 3 days, the watering amount is not too much, the humidity of a planting ditch is taken as a criterion, the watering frequency and the watering amount of the seedlings after new sprouts germinate are determined according to the climate condition, and the soil is kept moist; then applying 5kg of organic fertilizer, 300g of urea, 200g of calcium superphosphate and 200g of compound fertilizer to 1-2-year-old young trees each year, and applying 15kg of organic fertilizer, 500g of urea, 500g of calcium superphosphate, 1500g of compound fertilizer and 200g of trace element fertilizer to each plant of 3-4-year-old fruiting trees each year; then, when flowering and pollinating, in addition to keeping soil moist, if the climate is dry, crown water spraying is carried out at 4 to 5 pm in the full-bloom period, air humidity is increased, so as to be beneficial to flower development, the pollination and fruit setting rate is improved, watering is carried out in time before and after germination until the flowering period, the young sprout growth and young fruit expansion period, the rapid expansion period, the fruit picking period and the dormancy period, and the watering amount is based on the soil which is wet and penetrates through the main root system distribution layer; then after the sprouts of the seedlings germinate, respectively selecting and reserving 1 primary branch with vigorous growth vigor and basically consistent growth vigor at two sides in a vertical row direction, cutting off redundant branches, if the difference of the growth vigor of the selected primary branches is slightly large or the angle is not proper, correcting branches by pulling and hanging branches to obtain the consistent angles and growth vigors of the two primary branches, keeping a 135-degree angle between the primary branches and a main trunk, keeping a 90-degree angle between the two primary branches, pinching when the primary branches grow to 100cm, and integrating into a Y-shaped tree form, after the leaves of branch tips are aged, upwards locating about 10cm away from the main trunk, removing 1 leaf every 4-5 cm, when the secondary branches grow to 40-50 cm, keeping 1 upwards-grown secondary branch every 8-10 cm, cutting the second branch into 6-8 cm pile heads, slightly thinning the rest branches from the base part, and enabling the primary branches to be in a comb shape; then fruit tree pruning is mainly carried out for 3 times, 1 time is carried out after fruit picking, over-dense branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches with the diameter of less than 1cm are removed from a base, robust branches with the diameter of more than 1cm are reserved, 2-4 nodes are reserved and retracted to pile heads, 2 time pruning is carried out in combination with production period adjustment, 1 middle spring tip which grows vertically is reserved every other pile head, the growing spring tip is kept for about 5-7 cm to be cut, 2-3 leaves at the top end are removed, all over-dense branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches are removed from the base, all flowers and summer fruits are removed, a tree body is allowed to fruit a batch in one year, 3 time fruit thinning is carried out in combination, middle and lower summer tips and empty branches are uniformly removed from the base, the fruit branches are shortened at the position of 2-4 cm above a fruit stem, malformed fruits, small fruits and redundant fruits are removed, and 1 fruit stem is reserved at most; thinning over dense branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches from the base of the tree crown summer tips, reserving about 30 fruits with standard fruit types and uniform distribution for each plant after fruit thinning and trimming, and reserving 30-40 upright or semi-upright growing summer tips with uniform distribution and full development for the tree crown; after the 2 nd pruning, the new buds begin to bloom after about 1 month of germination and then are pollinated manually; then, the fruits are bagged after thinning and trimming, one bag is used for one fruit, and the bag is not taken before picking.
Example four:
in example three, the following steps were added:
in the step (4), organic fertilizer, calcium superphosphate and compound fertilizer are applied to 1-2 year old young trees at one time in spring, urea is applied by a dropper after young trees grow old in 4, 6 and 9 months respectively to promote tree growth and crown formation, organic fertilizer, calcium superphosphate and compound fertilizer are applied at one time after 1-time pruning, and urea and trace element fertilizer are applied by a dropper after second pruning and fruit expansion respectively to 3-4 year old trees.
Firstly, selecting flat lands or horizontal step lands in tropical and subtropical regions, wherein the soil pH value is sandy loam, gravelly loam and laterite soil of 5.5-6.5; then, weeds, sundries, stones and the like which hinder cultivation in the garden are removed, the garden is ploughed deeply, soil blocks are raked and smashed and the land is leveled after being exposed for one month, the downwind direction (generally the north-south direction) is determined as the planting row direction, the calibration is carried out according to the row spacing of 1.5m multiplied by 3m, planting ditches are dug, surface soil and bottom soil are separately stacked during digging holes, soil returning is carried out in the previous month after planting, then fertilizer is added, the bottom soil is backfilled to the upper layer, the garden is thoroughly ploughed 0.8m to 1.0m deeply, planting ditches with the width and the depth of 0.8m to 0.6m are dug, then 20kg of farmyard manure per plant are mixed with 2kg of calcium superphosphate and 0.5kg of compound fertilizer, the fertilizer is returned to the middle layer after the fertilizer is fully mixed, the bottom soil is returned to the upper layer, the land is filled to 10-20 cm above the ground, and the planting can be; then, the seedlings are planted by adopting 1-2-year-old grafting nutrition bag seedlings, the planting time is 2-3 months per year, the seedlings are cut short before planting, tender tips are cut off, the height of the seedlings is kept to be 40-50 cm, 5-6 blades with tender and thick tops are removed, root fixing water is immediately poured after planting, the seedlings are watered again every 3 days, the watering amount is not too much, the humidity of a planting ditch is taken as a criterion, the watering frequency and the watering amount of the seedlings after new sprouts germinate are determined according to the climate condition, and the soil is kept moist; then 5kg of organic fertilizer, 300g of urea, 200g of calcium superphosphate and 200g of compound fertilizer are applied to 1-2-year-old young trees each year, 15kg of organic fertilizer, 500g of urea, 500g of calcium superphosphate, 1500g of compound fertilizer and 200g of trace element fertilizer are applied to each tree of 3-4-year-old fruiting trees each year, the organic fertilizer, the calcium superphosphate and the compound fertilizer are applied in one time in spring, the urea is applied by a dropper after 4, 6 and 9 months of young tips are aged respectively to promote tree growth and crown formation, the organic fertilizer, the calcium superphosphate and the compound fertilizer are applied in one time after 1-time pruning, and the urea and the trace element fertilizer are applied by the dropper after the second pruning and the fruit expansion period respectively; then, when flowering and pollinating, in addition to keeping soil moist, if the climate is dry, crown water spraying is carried out at 4 to 5 pm in the full-bloom period, air humidity is increased, so as to be beneficial to flower development, the pollination and fruit setting rate is improved, watering is carried out in time before and after germination until the flowering period, the young sprout growth and young fruit expansion period, the rapid expansion period, the fruit picking period and the dormancy period, and the watering amount is based on the soil which is wet and penetrates through the main root system distribution layer; then after the sprouts of the seedlings germinate, respectively selecting and reserving 1 primary branch with vigorous growth vigor and basically consistent growth vigor at two sides in a vertical row direction, cutting off redundant branches, if the difference of the growth vigor of the selected primary branches is slightly large or the angle is not proper, correcting branches by pulling and hanging branches to obtain the consistent angles and growth vigors of the two primary branches, keeping a 135-degree angle between the primary branches and a main trunk, keeping a 90-degree angle between the two primary branches, pinching when the primary branches grow to 100cm, and integrating into a Y-shaped tree form, after the leaves of branch tips are aged, upwards locating about 10cm away from the main trunk, removing 1 leaf every 4-5 cm, when the secondary branches grow to 40-50 cm, keeping 1 upwards-grown secondary branch every 8-10 cm, cutting the second branch into 6-8 cm pile heads, slightly thinning the rest branches from the base part, and enabling the primary branches to be in a comb shape; then fruit tree pruning is mainly carried out for 3 times, 1 time is carried out after fruit picking, over-dense branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches with the diameter of less than 1cm are removed from a base, robust branches with the diameter of more than 1cm are reserved, 2-4 nodes are reserved and retracted to pile heads, 2 time pruning is carried out in combination with production period adjustment, 1 middle spring tip which grows vertically is reserved every other pile head, the growing spring tip is kept for about 5-7 cm to be cut, 2-3 leaves at the top end are removed, all over-dense branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches are removed from the base, all flowers and summer fruits are removed, a tree body is allowed to fruit a batch in one year, 3 time fruit thinning is carried out in combination, middle and lower summer tips and empty branches are uniformly removed from the base, the fruit branches are shortened at the position of 2-4 cm above a fruit stem, malformed fruits, small fruits and redundant fruits are removed, and 1 fruit stem is reserved at most; thinning over dense branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches from the base of the tree crown summer tips, reserving about 30 fruits with standard fruit types and uniform distribution for each plant after fruit thinning and trimming, and reserving 30-40 upright or semi-upright growing summer tips with uniform distribution and full development for the tree crown; after the 2 nd pruning, the new buds begin to bloom after about 1 month of germination and then are pollinated manually; then, the fruits are bagged after thinning and trimming, one bag is used for one fruit, and the bag is not taken before picking.
Example five:
in example four, the following steps were added:
and (8) performing artificial pollination in the evening at 18:00 to 22:00 at night, directly taking pollen from the flower with the anther naturally cracked by using a soft brush pen, immediately pollinating the stigma of the slightly opened or semi-opened flower with the petals for 15-20 days.
Firstly, selecting flat lands or horizontal step lands in tropical and subtropical regions, wherein the soil pH value is sandy loam, gravelly loam and laterite soil of 5.5-6.5; then, weeds, sundries, stones and the like which hinder cultivation in the garden are removed, the garden is ploughed deeply, soil blocks are raked and smashed and the land is leveled after being exposed for one month, the downwind direction (generally the north-south direction) is determined as the planting row direction, the calibration is carried out according to the row spacing of 1.5m multiplied by 3m, planting ditches are dug, surface soil and bottom soil are separately stacked during digging holes, soil returning is carried out in the previous month after planting, then fertilizer is added, the bottom soil is backfilled to the upper layer, the garden is thoroughly ploughed 0.8m to 1.0m deeply, planting ditches with the width and the depth of 0.8m to 0.6m are dug, then 20kg of farmyard manure per plant are mixed with 2kg of calcium superphosphate and 0.5kg of compound fertilizer, the fertilizer is returned to the middle layer after the fertilizer is fully mixed, the bottom soil is returned to the upper layer, the land is filled to 10-20 cm above the ground, and the planting can be; then, the seedlings are planted by adopting 1-2-year-old grafting nutrition bag seedlings, the planting time is 2-3 months per year, the seedlings are cut short before planting, tender tips are cut off, the height of the seedlings is kept to be 40-50 cm, 5-6 blades with tender and thick tops are removed, root fixing water is immediately poured after planting, the seedlings are watered again every 3 days, the watering amount is not too much, the humidity of a planting ditch is taken as a criterion, the watering frequency and the watering amount of the seedlings after new sprouts germinate are determined according to the climate condition, and the soil is kept moist; then 5kg of organic fertilizer, 300g of urea, 200g of calcium superphosphate and 200g of compound fertilizer are applied to 1-2-year-old young trees each year, 15kg of organic fertilizer, 500g of urea, 500g of calcium superphosphate, 1500g of compound fertilizer and 200g of trace element fertilizer are applied to each tree of 3-4-year-old fruiting trees each year, the organic fertilizer, the calcium superphosphate and the compound fertilizer are applied in one time in spring, the urea is applied by a dropper after 4, 6 and 9 months of young tips are aged respectively to promote tree growth and crown formation, the organic fertilizer, the calcium superphosphate and the compound fertilizer are applied in one time after 1-time pruning, and the urea and the trace element fertilizer are applied by the dropper after the second pruning and the fruit expansion period respectively; then, when flowering and pollinating, in addition to keeping soil moist, if the climate is dry, crown water spraying is carried out at 4 to 5 pm in the full-bloom period, air humidity is increased, so as to be beneficial to flower development, the pollination and fruit setting rate is improved, watering is carried out in time before and after germination until the flowering period, the young sprout growth and young fruit expansion period, the rapid expansion period, the fruit picking period and the dormancy period, and the watering amount is based on the soil which is wet and penetrates through the main root system distribution layer; then after the sprouts of the seedlings germinate, respectively selecting and reserving 1 primary branch with vigorous growth vigor and basically consistent growth vigor at two sides in a vertical row direction, cutting off redundant branches, if the difference of the growth vigor of the selected primary branches is slightly large or the angle is not proper, correcting branches by pulling and hanging branches to obtain the consistent angles and growth vigors of the two primary branches, keeping a 135-degree angle between the primary branches and a main trunk, keeping a 90-degree angle between the two primary branches, pinching when the primary branches grow to 100cm, and integrating into a Y-shaped tree form, after the leaves of branch tips are aged, upwards locating about 10cm away from the main trunk, removing 1 leaf every 4-5 cm, when the secondary branches grow to 40-50 cm, keeping 1 upwards-grown secondary branch every 8-10 cm, cutting the second branch into 6-8 cm pile heads, slightly thinning the rest branches from the base part, and enabling the primary branches to be in a comb shape; then fruit tree pruning is mainly carried out for 3 times, 1 time is carried out after fruit picking, over-dense branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches with the diameter of less than 1cm are removed from a base, robust branches with the diameter of more than 1cm are reserved, 2-4 nodes are reserved and retracted to pile heads, 2 time pruning is carried out in combination with production period adjustment, 1 middle spring tip which grows vertically is reserved every other pile head, the growing spring tip is kept for about 5-7 cm to be cut, 2-3 leaves at the top end are removed, all over-dense branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches are removed from the base, all flowers and summer fruits are removed, a tree body is allowed to fruit a batch in one year, 3 time fruit thinning is carried out in combination, middle and lower summer tips and empty branches are uniformly removed from the base, the fruit branches are shortened at the position of 2-4 cm above a fruit stem, malformed fruits, small fruits and redundant fruits are removed, and 1 fruit stem is reserved at most; thinning over dense branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches from the base of the tree crown summer tips, reserving about 30 fruits with standard fruit types and uniform distribution for each plant after fruit thinning and trimming, and reserving 30-40 upright or semi-upright growing summer tips with uniform distribution and full development for the tree crown; after the 2 nd pruning, the new buds begin to bloom after about 1 month, then are pollinated manually, the artificial pollination is carried out from 18:00 in the evening to 22:00 in the night, the pollen is directly taken from the flower with the anther naturally cracked by a soft brush pen, the pollen is immediately pollinated to the stigma of the slightly opened or semi-opened flower of the petal, and the pollination is continued for 15-20 days; then, the fruits are bagged after thinning and trimming, one bag is used for one fruit, and the bag is not taken before picking.
Example six:
in example five, the following steps were added:
and (4) bagging in the step (9) by adopting a lighttight double-layer kraft paper bag, so that the bright and beautiful fruits are kept.
Firstly, selecting flat lands or horizontal step lands in tropical and subtropical regions, wherein the soil pH value is sandy loam, gravelly loam and laterite soil of 5.5-6.5; then, weeds, sundries, stones and the like which hinder cultivation in the garden are removed, the garden is ploughed deeply, soil blocks are raked and smashed and the land is leveled after being exposed for one month, the downwind direction (generally the north-south direction) is determined as the planting row direction, the calibration is carried out according to the row spacing of 1.5m multiplied by 3m, planting ditches are dug, surface soil and bottom soil are separately stacked during digging holes, soil returning is carried out in the previous month after planting, then fertilizer is added, the bottom soil is backfilled to the upper layer, the garden is thoroughly ploughed 0.8m to 1.0m deeply, planting ditches with the width and the depth of 0.8m to 0.6m are dug, then 20kg of farmyard manure per plant are mixed with 2kg of calcium superphosphate and 0.5kg of compound fertilizer, the fertilizer is returned to the middle layer after the fertilizer is fully mixed, the bottom soil is returned to the upper layer, the land is filled to 10-20 cm above the ground, and the planting can be; then, the seedlings are planted by adopting 1-2-year-old grafting nutrition bag seedlings, the planting time is 2-3 months per year, the seedlings are cut short before planting, tender tips are cut off, the height of the seedlings is kept to be 40-50 cm, 5-6 blades with tender and thick tops are removed, root fixing water is immediately poured after planting, the seedlings are watered again every 3 days, the watering amount is not too much, the humidity of a planting ditch is taken as a criterion, the watering frequency and the watering amount of the seedlings after new sprouts germinate are determined according to the climate condition, and the soil is kept moist; then 5kg of organic fertilizer, 300g of urea, 200g of calcium superphosphate and 200g of compound fertilizer are applied to 1-2-year-old young trees each year, 15kg of organic fertilizer, 500g of urea, 500g of calcium superphosphate, 1500g of compound fertilizer and 200g of trace element fertilizer are applied to each tree of 3-4-year-old fruiting trees each year, the organic fertilizer, the calcium superphosphate and the compound fertilizer are applied in one time in spring, the urea is applied by a dropper after 4, 6 and 9 months of young tips are aged respectively to promote tree growth and crown formation, the organic fertilizer, the calcium superphosphate and the compound fertilizer are applied in one time after 1-time pruning, and the urea and the trace element fertilizer are applied by the dropper after the second pruning and the fruit expansion period respectively; then, when flowering and pollinating, in addition to keeping soil moist, if the climate is dry, crown water spraying is carried out at 4 to 5 pm in the full-bloom period, air humidity is increased, so as to be beneficial to flower development, the pollination and fruit setting rate is improved, watering is carried out in time before and after germination until the flowering period, the young sprout growth and young fruit expansion period, the rapid expansion period, the fruit picking period and the dormancy period, and the watering amount is based on the soil which is wet and penetrates through the main root system distribution layer; then after the sprouts of the seedlings germinate, respectively selecting and reserving 1 primary branch with vigorous growth vigor and basically consistent growth vigor at two sides in a vertical row direction, cutting off redundant branches, if the difference of the growth vigor of the selected primary branches is slightly large or the angle is not proper, correcting branches by pulling and hanging branches to obtain the consistent angles and growth vigors of the two primary branches, keeping a 135-degree angle between the primary branches and a main trunk, keeping a 90-degree angle between the two primary branches, pinching when the primary branches grow to 100cm, and integrating into a Y-shaped tree form, after the leaves of branch tips are aged, upwards locating about 10cm away from the main trunk, removing 1 leaf every 4-5 cm, when the secondary branches grow to 40-50 cm, keeping 1 upwards-grown secondary branch every 8-10 cm, cutting the second branch into 6-8 cm pile heads, slightly thinning the rest branches from the base part, and enabling the primary branches to be in a comb shape; then fruit tree pruning is mainly carried out for 3 times, 1 time is carried out after fruit picking, over-dense branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches with the diameter of less than 1cm are removed from a base, robust branches with the diameter of more than 1cm are reserved, 2-4 nodes are reserved and retracted to pile heads, 2 time pruning is carried out in combination with production period adjustment, 1 middle spring tip which grows vertically is reserved every other pile head, the growing spring tip is kept for about 5-7 cm to be cut, 2-3 leaves at the top end are removed, all over-dense branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches are removed from the base, all flowers and summer fruits are removed, a tree body is allowed to fruit a batch in one year, 3 time fruit thinning is carried out in combination, middle and lower summer tips and empty branches are uniformly removed from the base, the fruit branches are shortened at the position of 2-4 cm above a fruit stem, malformed fruits, small fruits and redundant fruits are removed, and 1 fruit stem is reserved at most; thinning over dense branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches from the base of the tree crown summer tips, reserving about 30 fruits with standard fruit types and uniform distribution for each plant after fruit thinning and trimming, and reserving 30-40 upright or semi-upright growing summer tips with uniform distribution and full development for the tree crown; after the 2 nd pruning, the new buds begin to bloom after about 1 month, then are pollinated manually, the artificial pollination is carried out from 18:00 in the evening to 22:00 in the night, the pollen is directly taken from the flower with the anther naturally cracked by a soft brush pen, the pollen is immediately pollinated to the stigma of the slightly opened or semi-opened flower of the petal, and the pollination is continued for 15-20 days; and then bagging after fruit thinning and trimming, namely bagging one fruit, wherein the bag is not taken before picking, and the bag is made of light-tight double-layer kraft paper bags to keep the fruits bright and beautiful.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical scope of the present invention and the equivalent alternatives or modifications according to the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A shaping technique cultivation mode of 'Y' -shaped pinaga ananas comosus is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) garden selection: selecting flat lands or horizontal terrace lands in tropical and subtropical regions, wherein the soil pH value is 5.5-6.5 sandy loam, gravelly loam and laterite;
(2) land preparation and planting planning: clearing weeds, sundries, stones and the like which hinder cultivation in the garden, deeply turning the garden, harrowing soil blocks and leveling the land after insolation for one month, determining a downwind direction (generally a north-south direction) as a planting row direction, calibrating according to a row spacing of 1.5m multiplied by 3m, digging planting ditches, separately stacking surface soil and bottom soil during digging holes, returning soil in the previous month of planting, then adding fertilizers, and backfilling the bottom soil to an upper layer;
(3) planting: planting the seedlings by adopting 1-2-year-old grafting nutrition bag seedlings, wherein the planting time is 2-3 months per year, cutting the seedlings into short sections before planting, cutting off tender tips, keeping the seedling height at 40-50 cm, and removing 5-6 leaves with tender and fat tops;
(4) fertilizing: 5kg of organic fertilizer, 300g of urea, 200g of calcium superphosphate and 200g of compound fertilizer are applied to 1-2-year-old young trees each year, and 15kg of organic fertilizer, 500g of urea, 500g of calcium superphosphate, 1500g of compound fertilizer and 200g of trace element fertilizer are applied to each plant of 3-4-year-old fruiting trees each year;
(5) water content management: when in flowering and pollination, except for keeping soil moist, if the climate is dry, crown water spraying is carried out at 4 to 5 pm in the full-bloom period, air humidity is increased, so as to be beneficial to flower development, the pollination fruit setting rate is improved, watering is carried out in time before and after germination to the flowering period, the young sprout growth and young fruit expansion period, the rapid expansion period, the fruit picking period and the dormancy period, and the watering amount is based on the soil which is wet and penetrates through the main root system distribution layer;
(6) shaping saplings: after the sprouts of the seedlings germinate, respectively selecting and reserving 1 primary branch with vigorous growth vigor and basically consistent growth vigor at two sides in a vertical row direction, cutting off redundant branches, if the difference of the growth vigor of the selected primary branches is slightly large or the angle is not proper, correcting branches by branch pulling and branch hanging to obtain the consistent angles and growth vigors of two primary branches, keeping a 135-degree angle between the primary branches and a main trunk, keeping a 90-degree angle between the two primary branches, pinching when the primary branches grow to 100cm, and integrating into a Y-shaped tree form, after leaf blades of branch tips are aged, keeping 1 upward secondary branch at intervals of 4-5 cm upwards from the main trunk, removing 1 leaf at intervals of 4-5 cm, keeping 1 upward secondary branch at intervals of 8-10 cm when the secondary branches grow to 40-50 cm, cutting the second branch into 6-8 cm pile heads, slightly thinning the rest branches from the base parts, and enabling the primary branches to be in a comb shape;
(7) pruning a fruiting tree: pruning fruiting trees mainly for 3 times, wherein 1 time is carried out after fruit picking, removing over-dense branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches with the diameter of less than 1cm from a base, keeping robust branches with the diameter of more than 1cm, retracting 2-4 nodes to a pile head, carrying out 2 times of pruning in combination with production period adjustment, keeping 1 vertically-growing middle spring tip every other pile head, keeping the fully-developed spring tip about 5-7 cm for short cutting, removing 2-3 top leaves, removing all over-dense branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches from the base, removing all flowers and summer fruits, enabling the trees to fruit one batch in one year, carrying out 3 times of pruning in combination with fruit removing, uniformly removing middle, lower summer tips and empty branches from the base, enabling fruiting branches to be short at the position of 2-4 cm above a fruit stalk, removing malformed fruits, small fruits and redundant fruits, and keeping 1 fruit at most per fruit stalk; thinning over dense branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches from the base of the tree crown summer tips, reserving about 30 fruits with standard fruit types and uniform distribution for each plant after fruit thinning and trimming, and reserving 30-40 upright or semi-upright growing summer tips with uniform distribution and full development for the tree crown;
(8) pollination: after 2 nd pruning of the custard apple, the new bud germinates and starts to bloom after about 1 month, and then artificial pollination is carried out;
(9) fruit bagging: the custard apple is bagged after the thinning fruit is trimmed, and the bag is not taken before picking.
2. The cultivation mode of the shaping technology of 'Y' -shaped cushaw as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (3) comprehensively and deeply turning the garden land by 0.8-1.0 m in step (2), digging planting ditches with the width and the depth of 0.8m multiplied by 0.6m respectively, fully and uniformly mixing fertilizers according to the standard of 20kg of farmyard manure, 2kg of calcium superphosphate and 0.5kg of compound fertilizer of each plant, returning the fertilizers to the middle layer, returning the subsoil to the upper layer, filling the subsoil to a position 10-20 cm higher than the ground, and performing field planting after the soil disk sinks for about 30 days.
3. The cultivation mode of the shaping technology of 'Y' -shaped cushaw as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (3) immediately watering the root fixing water after planting in the step (3), and then supplementing and watering once every 3 days, wherein the watering amount is not excessive, the watering frequency and the watering amount after the seedling sprout is germinated are determined according to the climate condition based on the humidity of the planting ditch, and the soil is kept moist.
4. The cultivation mode of the shaping technology of 'Y' -shaped cushaw as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (4), organic fertilizer, calcium superphosphate and compound fertilizer are applied to 1-2 year old young trees at one time in spring, urea is applied by a dropper after young trees grow late for 4 months, 6 months and 9 months respectively to promote tree growth and crown formation, organic fertilizer, calcium superphosphate and compound fertilizer are applied at one time after 1-time pruning, and urea and trace element fertilizer are applied by a dropper after second pruning and fruit expansion respectively to 3-4 year old trees.
5. The cultivation mode of the shaping technology of 'Y' -shaped cushaw as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (3) carrying out artificial pollination in the evening at 18:00 to 22:00 at night in the step (8), directly taking pollen from the flower with the anther naturally cracked by using a soft brush pen, immediately pollinating the stigma of the slightly opened or semi-opened flower with the petals for 15-20 days.
6. The cultivation mode of the shaping technology of 'Y' -shaped cushaw as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (4) in the step (9), the bag is sleeved by a light-tight double-layer kraft paper bag, so that the bright and beautiful fruits are kept.
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| CN112930996B (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2023-12-05 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Pineapple Sakyamuni-frame type close planting cultivation method |
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