CN112930996B - Pineapple Sakyamuni-frame type close planting cultivation method - Google Patents
Pineapple Sakyamuni-frame type close planting cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/04—Supports for hops, vines, or trees
- A01G17/06—Trellis-work
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/04—Supports for hops, vines, or trees
- A01G17/10—Holders for boughs or branches
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N61/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
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- A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
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- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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Abstract
The application discloses a pineapple sakya frame type close planting device and a cultivation method, wherein the device comprises a Y-shaped supporting part; the top of Y type supporting part is V type expansion structure, and the both sides face of this V type expansion structure constitutes the frame face, and the frame face is used for supporting the branch of design plant. And the pineapple custard frame type close planting device is adopted for cultivation, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: (1) ridging planting; (2) rack construction; (3) high grafting; (4) culturing the branches; and (5) water and fertilizer management. The frame type structure is convenient for carding the pineapple custard arms, thereby improving the photosynthesis utilization rate, playing a role in fixing and supporting the tips of the arms and playing a role in wind prevention and breakage prevention; meanwhile, the uniform high grafting can be realized, and the consistency of branches is maintained; the cultivation method has the advantages that the cultivation layer can be improved, the optimal growth area of root systems is enlarged, water accumulation is avoided, and the root air permeability is improved by high ridge planting; the variety and the application mode of the water fertilizer are enhanced, the growth and development of plants are effectively promoted, the fruit setting rate is improved, and the early high-yield planting effect is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to a pineapple Sakyamur cultivation method, and particularly relates to a pineapple Sakyamur frame type close planting device and a cultivation method.
Background
Pineapple Sakya (Annona atemiya Hort.) is the most economic species with great cultivation value and development potential in Annona of Annonaceae, and is suitable for popularization and planting in tropical and subtropical regions.
In recent years, as pineapple Sakya fruit is sold at a high price in the domestic market, the planting benefits are outstanding, and the like, the tendency of large-scale planting is started in the middle and south areas of Guangxi. However, like other woody fruit trees, the pineapple Sakyamur-shaped fruit tree has longer return on investment compared with field cash crops, and agricultural investment such as land rentals, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, labor cost and the like in recent years is continuously increased, so that the planting benefit and benefit recovery speed of the fruit trees are particularly critical. Therefore, if the current pineapple Sakya planting technology and the current thin planting mode are adopted, the cost of investment in the early stage can be recovered only after the fruit trees enter the full-bearing period for 2-3 years.
However, the existing close planting method has defects, and common defects are: firstly, the growth of the cultivated shoots is messy, and most of the shoots can generate upright overgrowth branches, which will affect the final quality and yield; secondly, the ventilation and light transmittance are relatively poor, so that the phenomena of less fruit setting in the inner chamber, serious plant diseases and insect pests and the like are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a pineapple frame type close planting device and a cultivation method aiming at the defects of the prior art. The frame type close planting device is arranged to facilitate carding of pineapple custard arms, so that the photosynthetic utilization rate is improved, the fixed support of the arm tips is achieved, and the wind-proof and breakage-proof effects are achieved; meanwhile, the uniform high grafting can be realized, the consistency of branches is kept, and the post production management is facilitated; high ridge planting is paid attention to in a cultivation method, the root environment is improved, and the incidence rate of root morbidity is reduced; the variety and the application mode of the water fertilizer are enhanced, and the planting effect of early high yield is achieved.
In order to achieve the purpose of the application, the application adopts the following technical scheme:
a pineapple Sakyamuni-type close planting device comprises a Y-shaped supporting part; the top of Y type supporting part is V type expansion structure, and the both sides face of this V type expansion structure constitutes the frame face, the frame face is used for supporting the branch of design plant.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the Y-shaped supporting part comprises at least two Y-shaped supporting frames, supporting rods and connecting pipes; the at least two Y-shaped support frame pairs Ji Jiange are arranged side by side, and the top of each Y-shaped support frame is in a V-shaped unfolding structure; the V-shaped unfolding structures of two adjacent Y-shaped supporting frames are connected through a supporting rod to form a V-shaped supporting surface; the two adjacent Y-shaped support frames are connected through a connecting pipe.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the Y-shaped support frame comprises a stand column and a support arm; two sides of the top of the upright post are respectively provided with a supporting arm in an inclined way; the included angle between the supporting arm and the horizontal plane is 25-45 degrees.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the pineapple custard frame type close planting device also comprises a traction rod; the traction rod is used for connecting the two support arms.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the close planting cultivation method adopts the pineapple Sakyamur frame type close planting device; the close planting cultivation method comprises the following steps:
the close planting cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Ridging and planting: firstly, raising a planting ridge before planting seedlings, wherein the height of the planting ridge is 40-50 cm, the width of the planting ridge is 70-80 cm, uniformly mixing 15-20 kg of mixed fertilizer into each square meter of earthwork of the planting ridge, and covering grassland preventing cloth; plant planting density: planting 83-112 plants per mu, wherein the plant spacing is 1.5-2 m, the row spacing is 4-4.5 m;
(2) Setting up a frame: the Y-shaped supporting part of the pineapple Sakyamuni-type close planting device is erected on a planting ridge to form a planting shed frame;
(3) High grafting: the seedlings are planted on the planting ridge fixedly and led to the planting shed frame, grafting is carried out at the position of 1.2-1.5 m of the seedlings after the tips of the branches are mature, and a grafting port is arranged at the top end of the vertical section of the Y-shaped supporting part; bud grafting is carried out in 3-4 months in spring, and 2-4 pineapple Sakya buds are simultaneously grafted on a grafting opening so as to ensure the number of branches in the same period; after grafting, the grafting opening pays attention to insect pest protection, the bottom of the stock is coated with an insect-proof climbing agent, and a transparent film bag dipped with the insect-proof agent is coated on the grafting mask;
(4) Branch culture: after the new shoots grow out after the grafting survival, two branch shoots with reasonable bifurcation angles are selected to be used as main branches for culture, and the branch shoots are respectively guided and put on a frame for fixation; picking the core when the length of the main branch is 33-36 cm, and plastering She Peiyang a first sub-main branch at the position of 28-30 cm; then, continuously extending the growth direction of the main branch to be tip-placed to 62-68 cm, picking the core, and applying leaves at 58-60 cm to culture a second sub-main branch with the opposite growth direction to the first sub-main branch; culturing with the propulsive branch tips to ensure that 6-7 sub-main branches grow on each main branch; in order to avoid excessive crossing of sub-main branches between adjacent plants in the same row and influence photosynthesis by excessive branch tip density, the core is plucked when the sub-main branches grow to 60-70 cm; the culture of the sub-main branches is completed, namely, the permanent backbone branches of the plants are also cultured, and the branches and tips of the fruit in the current year are cut back and cultured according to the standard of the backbone branches in spring every year;
(5) And (3) water and fertilizer management: the cultivation is mainly characterized in that the base fertilizer of the plants fully applied in spring and the additional fertilizer outside the roots in the flower and fruit period are used; the base fertilizer is buried in deep trenches before sprouting of buds in spring, the deep trenches are formed on two sides of a planted ridge, the depth is 30-40 cm, the base fertilizer is applied for only 1 time a year, and the base fertilizer consumption is 10-15 kg for burying each deep trench; the external fertilizer for the flower and fruit period adopts water-soluble fertilizer by spraying the whole tree or drip irrigation for planting the ridge.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the effective components and parts by weight of the mixed fertilizer in the step (1) are as follows: 8 to 12 parts of farmyard manure, 2 to 5 parts of sugarcane ash, 2 to 6 parts of chaff and 0.04 to 0.045 part of trichoderma viride.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the insect-proof climbing agent in the step (3) is waste engine oil, and the coating height of the insect-proof climbing agent is 30-50 cm. Can effectively prevent the crawlers such as ants and the like from climbing up the branches to harm the interface.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the insect repellent agent in the step (3) is a mixed solution of leaching solutions of mugwort and Chinese chives, and the mass ratio of the two is 1:2-3. The mugwort has the effects of expelling mosquito and expelling parasites. The Chinese chives have the sterilizing effect. The moxa extract and the leek extract are mixed, so that the insecticidal composition has better insect prevention and antibacterial effects; so that the grafting opening is free from the influence of diseases and insect pests. The mugwort extract and the Chinese chive extract are obtained by adopting the existing water extraction method, and the mugwort leaf and the Chinese chive leaf are respectively added with water with the weight of 5-10 times of that of the mugwort leaf and the Chinese chive leaf, heated, boiled and leached for 1-3 hours to obtain the mugwort extract and the Chinese chive leaf.
The transparent film bag dipped with insect repellent is prepared by soaking the transparent film bag in the mixed solution of leaching solutions of folium Artemisiae Argyi and folium Allii tuberosi for 10-30min, and cooling.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the plant base fertilizer in the step (5) comprises the following active ingredients in parts by weight: 12 to 18 parts of farmyard manure, 2 to 5 parts of sugarcane ash, 0.15 to 0.3 part of shell powder, 0.15 to 0.3 part of mashed garlic, 0.022 to 0.028 part of trichoderma viride agent and 0.3 to 0.8 part of balanced compound fertilizer.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the external fertilizer of the flower and fruit stage adopts water-soluble fertilizer containing fish protein or amino acid components, and is applied for 3-4 times a year, once every 1-2 months, and the dosage is 0.2-0.5 kg/plant.
The trichoderma viride preparation can be purchased in the market, has antagonism to various plant pathogenic bacteria through mechanisms such as antibiotic generation, nutrition competition, micro parasitism, cell wall decomposition ferment generation, plant resistance induction and the like, has dual effects of protection and treatment, can effectively prevent and treat soil-borne fungus diseases, can improve the survival rate of seedling raising and transplanting by using the trichoderma viride preparation in a seedbed, and keeps the seedlings healthy and grow. Can also be used for preventing and treating gray mold.
The mashed garlic has obvious insecticidal and antibacterial effects, and the contained fat-soluble volatile oil can enhance the activity of macrophages, so that the immunity of organisms is enhanced, and the mashed garlic has the effects of diminishing inflammation and stopping bleeding.
The sugarcane ash can be made of ashes generated by burning sugarcane leaves.
The farmyard manure comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of green manure, irrigation manure, retting manure, compost, livestock manure, poultry manure, human urine manure, plant ash, cake fertilizer, biogas digester fertilizer. Farmyard manure provides plants with various nutrients and improves soil properties. The shell powder is prepared by pulverizing shell of Concha Ostreae, freshwater mussel, concha Meretricis Seu Cyclinae, snail, etc. Belonging to mineral supplement.
The shell powder can be applied to the planting field to improve the antibacterial and bacteriostatic ability of the soil and is beneficial to soil moisture preservation.
The application has outstanding substantive features and significant progress over the prior art:
1. the top of the frame type close planting device is of a V-shaped structure, the V-shaped structure is of a fan-shaped open type, two side faces of the V-shape form a frame face, the frame face is used for supporting main branch strips and sub branches which are in traction and lap joint, and the main branch strips can be shaped, so that ventilation and light transmittance of the top, the left side and the right side of the V-shaped structure can be controlled, further, the photosynthesis efficiency of plants is effectively improved, the growth and development of the plants are promoted, the plants can be set early, and the yield can be improved.
2. The Y-shaped supporting part comprises a plurality of Y-shaped supporting frames, supporting rods and connecting pipes; the Y-shaped support frame is used as a support structure, the top of the Y-shaped support frame is of a V-shaped structure, and forms a frame surface with the support rod, so that the space at the top of the Y-shaped support frame can be fully facilitated; the connecting pipe can be used for fixing the stock of the seedling during grafting, so that a grafting port can be fixed, loosening of the grafting port can be effectively prevented, and the grafting survival rate can be improved. The V-shaped structure limits the growth of main branches of plants, shapes the main branches, avoids the overgrowth of the main branches, further fully utilizes the top space of the Y-shaped supporting part, and realizes reasonable ventilation and light transmittance.
3. The Y-shaped support frame comprises two support arms and the upright post, wherein the two support arms are symmetrically arranged at the top of the upright post by the longitudinal central line of the upright post and are obliquely arranged, so that the top of the upright post can be in an open V-shaped structure.
4. The cultivation method of the application adopts the shelf type close planting device, changes the traditional planting technology and mode, enables the unit yield of the pineapple Sakya to reach higher level in a shorter growing period, reasonably utilizes the space and illumination of an orchard, recovers the planting cost in advance, and highlights the planting benefit. The frame type structure is convenient for carding the pineapple custard arms, thereby improving the photosynthesis utilization rate, playing a role in fixing and supporting the tips of the arms and playing a role in wind prevention and breakage prevention; meanwhile, the uniform high grafting can be realized, the consistency of branches is kept, and the management is convenient; the cultivation method has the advantages that the cultivation layer can be improved, the optimal growth area of root systems is enlarged, water accumulation is avoided, and the root air permeability is improved by high ridge planting; the variety and the application mode of the water fertilizer are enhanced, the growth and development of plants are effectively promoted, the fruit setting rate is improved, and the early high-yield planting effect is achieved.
5. According to the cultivation method, the mixed fertilizer is mixed into the planting ridge, and the components of the mixed fertilizer are farmyard manure, sugarcane ash, chaff and a trichoderma viride agent, so that the nutrition types in the soil can be enriched, the antibacterial and bacteriostatic ability of the soil can be improved, and the moisture retention of the soil can be improved.
6. According to the cultivation method, the waste engine oil is used for smearing the stock of the seedlings in grafting, so that pests such as insects and ants can be effectively prevented from climbing upwards along the root of the stock, further the grafting opening can be prevented from being damaged by the insects and the ants, waste materials can be changed into valuable materials, and the cultivation method is applied to plant growth protection. Meanwhile, the grafting opening is covered with the insect repellent agent, so that pests can be further repelled, and the leaching liquid of the plants for absorbing the mugwort and the Chinese chives can improve the resistance of the plants, so that the forced damage of germs can be resisted.
7. The plant base fertilizer adopted by the cultivation method comprises the following active ingredients: farmyard manure, sugarcane ash, shell powder, mashed garlic, a green trichoderma agent and a balanced compound fertilizer; the plant growth regulator can provide rich nutrition for soil, can enhance the moisture retention of the soil, can effectively inhibit the propagation and growth of harmful bacteria in the soil, and provides a good soil environment for the growth of plant roots.
8. The application can effectively improve the high yield by 1 to 2 years in advance and the yield is improved by more than 44 percent by combining the shelf type close planting device and the cultivation method.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. Like elements or portions are generally identified by like reference numerals throughout the several figures. In the drawings, elements or portions thereof are not necessarily drawn to scale.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a frame type device for pineapple frame type close planting in accordance with the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a front view of a rack-mounted device of the present application applied to a planting field;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the application for densely planting pineapple Sakya using a shelf-type device and arranging branches;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the rack-mounted device installed in a planting field;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a transverse front view of the rack-mounted device of the present application mounted to a planting field;
FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of the cultivation of plant diaphysis according to the present application;
the names and serial numbers of the components in the figure: 1-upright post, 2-supporting arm, 3-traction rod, 4-supporting rod, 5-planting ridge, 6-frame surface, 7-plant and 8-connecting pipe.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution of the present application better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solution of the present application will be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, and it is apparent that the described examples are only a part of examples of the present application, and all other examples obtained by those skilled in the art without making any inventive effort are intended to be within the scope of the present application.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1 to 5, a pineapple frame type close planting device comprises a Y-shaped supporting part; the top of Y type supporting part is V type expansion structure, and the both sides face of this V type expansion structure constitutes the frame face, the frame face is used for supporting the branch of design plant.
When the rack-type close planting device is used, a plurality of rack-type close planting devices are arranged side by side at longitudinal intervals to form one row, and a plurality of rows of rack-type close planting devices can be erected in a planting field according to requirements; the main branches are pulled to the frame surface of the Y-shaped supporting part, the frame surface fixedly supports the main branches and limits the growth shape of the main branches, and a plurality of sub-branches grow on the main branches.
The frame surface can play a role in fixing and supporting the branch tips, and further play a role in preventing wind and breaking for the branch tips; the V-shaped unfolding structure can provide reasonable ventilation and light transmittance for plants; thereby promoting the growth and development of plants and improving the yield.
Example 2:
compared with example 1, the difference is that: a structural form of the Y-shaped support is given.
As shown in fig. 1-5, the Y-shaped supporting part comprises at least two Y-shaped supporting frames, a supporting rod 4 and a connecting pipe 8; the at least two Y-shaped support frame pairs Ji Jiange are arranged side by side, and the top of each Y-shaped support frame is in a V-shaped unfolding structure; the V-shaped unfolding structures of two adjacent Y-shaped supporting frames are connected through a supporting rod 4 to form a V-shaped supporting surface; two adjacent Y-shaped supporting frames are connected through a connecting pipe 8.
The working mode is as follows:
when the Y-shaped supporting parts are erected in the planting field, a plurality of Y-shaped supporting frames are installed at intervals in parallel along the length direction of the planting field, and a plurality of rows of Y-shaped supporting parts can be installed according to the width of the planting field; two adjacent Y-shaped support frames on each row are connected by adopting a connecting pipe 8, and the V-shaped structures at the tops of the two adjacent Y-shaped support frames are connected by a support rod 4 to form a V-shaped frame surface; the tops of the Y-shaped support frames on two adjacent rows are connected with each other, so that the fixity of the Y-shaped support frames can be further enhanced;
the two branch tips obtained by grafting are pulled to a V-shaped frame surface, and the V-shaped frame surface is used for supporting the branch tips and shaping the branch tips; thereby being beneficial to controlling the growth of the subsequent branches, leading the branches to grow in reasonable arrangement, further providing proper ventilation and light transmittance for plants, improving the photosynthetic utilization rate of the plants and promoting the growth and development of the plants; can also facilitate early fruiting.
Example 3:
compared with example 2, the difference is that: a structural form of the Y-shaped support frame is provided.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the Y-shaped support frame comprises a column 1 and a support arm 2; two sides of the top of the upright column 1 are respectively provided with a supporting arm 2 in an inclined way; the supporting arm 2 forms an included angle of 25 degrees with the horizontal plane.
When seedlings are grafted, grafting is carried out at the height position parallel to the upright post, and the uniform high grafting can keep branching consistency.
The two supporting arms are opened in an open type fan shape, and the main branches of the plants are lapped on the frame surface formed by the supporting arms and the supporting rods, so that the shape and structure of the main branches can be shaped, and the growth shape of the sub-branches on the main branches can be limited, therefore, the top, the left side and the right side of the space where the plants are positioned have good ventilation and light transmittance. The photosynthesis efficiency of the plants is improved, and the growth and development of the plants are effectively promoted.
Example 4:
compared with example 3, the difference is that: the supporting arm 2 forms an included angle of 30 degrees with the horizontal plane.
Example 5:
compared with example 3, the difference is that: the included angle between the supporting arm 2 and the horizontal plane is 45 DEG
Example 6:
the difference compared to any of examples 3-5 is that: a traction rod 3 is additionally arranged.
As shown in fig. 1-5, the pulling rod 3 is used to connect two support arms 2. The connecting stability of the supporting arms can be improved, and the bearing capacity of the two supporting arms can be enhanced.
Example 7:
a pineapple Sakyamuni-frame type close planting cultivation method adopts the pineapple Sakyamuni-frame type close planting device in any one of the embodiments 1 to 6.
Example 8:
a pineapple custard frame type close planting cultivation method, wherein the close planting cultivation method adopts the pineapple custard frame type close planting device in any one of embodiments 3-5;
the close planting cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Ridging and planting: firstly, a planting ridge is planted before seedling planting, the ridge height is 40cm, the ridge width is 70cm, 15kg of mixed fertilizer is uniformly mixed into each square meter of earthwork of the planting ridge, and grass preventing cloth is covered; plant planting density: the plant spacing is 1.5m, the row spacing is 4m, 83 plants are planted per mu;
(2) Setting up a frame: the Y-shaped supporting part of the pineapple Sakyamuni-type close planting device is erected on a planting ridge to form a planting shed frame; namely, the frame material takes a stainless steel pipe as a main part, the length of each upright column 1 is 1.2-1.5 m, the interval between two upright columns 1 on the same planting ridge is 3m, a plurality of upright columns 1 are linearly erected on the planting ridge 5, the top ends of two adjacent upright columns 1 are connected by a connecting pipe, and the connecting pipe 7 can facilitate the upward traction and fixation of a backbone branch; the two support arms 2 are obliquely arranged at the top ends of the upright posts 1, the two support arms 2 are fixedly connected by the traction rod 3, the top ends of the support arms in adjacent rows are mutually connected, and the stability of the frame is enhanced; two support arms 4 which are uniformly distributed are respectively arranged on two support arms which are aligned and adjacent on the same ridge 5, the support arms 2 and the support arms 4 form a frame surface 6, and the frame surface 6 can be used for carrying out traction and fixing on main branches;
(3) High grafting: the seedlings grow to a shed frame, grafting is carried out at the 1.2m position of the seedlings after the tips of the branches are mature, 3-4 months of bud grafting is carried out in spring, and 2-4 pineapple Sakya buds are grafted at the interface at the same time to ensure the synchronous branch quantity; after grafting, the grafting opening pays attention to pest protection, the bottom of the stock is coated with an insect-proof climbing agent, and the grafting opening can be covered with a transparent film bag dipped with an insect-repellent agent;
(4) Branch culture: after the new shoots grow out after the grafting survival, two branch shoots with reasonable bifurcation angle are selected and reserved as main branches for culture, and the branch shoots are respectively guided and put on a frame for fixation. Picking the core when the length of the main branch is 33cm, and plastering She Peiyang a first sub-main branch at the position of 28 cm; then, continuously putting the tips to 62cm along the growth direction of the main branches, picking the cores, and carrying out leaf picking culture on a second sub-main branch with the growth direction opposite to that of the first sub-main branch at a position of 58 cm; culturing with the propulsive branch tips to ensure that 6-7 sub-main branches grow on each main branch; in order to avoid excessive crossing of sub-main branches between adjacent plants in the same row and influence photosynthesis by excessive branch tip density, the core is plucked when the sub-main branches grow to 60-70 cm; the culture of the sub-main branches is completed, namely, the permanent backbone branches of the plants are also cultured, and the branches and tips of the fruit in the current year are cut back and cultured according to the standard of the backbone branches in spring every year;
(5) And (3) water and fertilizer management: the pineapple Sakya is characterized in that the root system distribution is shallow, and root damage is easy to infect destructive diseases such as root rot fungi, so that the cultivation is mainly to apply sufficient plant base fertilizer in spring and additional fertilizer outside the roots in flower and fruit period; the spring base fertilizer is generally prepared by deep-trench burying base fertilizer before germination of buds; at the moment, the underground root system has weaker metabolic capability, the deep grooves are slightly influenced by the buried fertilizer, the deep grooves are formed on two sides of the planted ridge, the depth is 30-40 cm, only 1 time of base fertilizer is applied in one year, and the base fertilizer consumption is 10kg for burying each deep groove; the external fertilizer in the flower and fruit period can be applied for 3-4 times a year by spraying the whole tree or drip irrigation the planting ridge with conventional water-soluble fertilizer containing fish protein or amino acid and other components.
By adopting the planting method in the orchard in Chong left, the planted fruit trees have developed root systems and less diseases and insect pests, and can realize high yield in the third year, compared with the traditional planting method, the high yield is improved by 1-2 years, and the yield is improved by more than 45.45%.
Example 9:
compared with example 8, the only difference is that:
the ridge height in the step (1) is 50cm, and the ridge width is 80cm; uniformly mixing 16kg of mixed fertilizer into each square meter of soil of the planted ridge; plant planting density: the plant spacing is 2m, the row spacing is 4.5m, and the number of plants planted per mu is 112.
High grafting in step (2): grafting at 1.5m of seedling.
Culturing the branches in the step (4): picking the core when the length of the main branch is 36cm, and plastering She Peiyang a first sub-main branch at a position of 30 cm; then, continuously putting the tips to 68cm along the growth direction of the main branches, picking the cores, and carrying out leaf picking culture on a second sub-main branch with the growth direction opposite to that of the first sub-main branch at a position of 60 cm; culturing with the propulsive branch tip to ensure that 7 sub-main branches grow on each main branch; in order to avoid excessive crossing of sub-main branches between adjacent plants in the same row and influence photosynthesis by excessive branch tip density, the core is removed when the sub-main branches are 70cm long; and (5) culturing the sub-main branches.
The dosage of the base fertilizer in the step (5) is 12kg for each deep trench.
By adopting the planting method in a Nanning orchard, the planted fruit trees have developed root systems and less plant diseases and insect pests, and can realize high yield in the third year, compared with the traditional planting method, the method has the advantages that the yield is improved by more than 44.85 percent and is 1-2 years earlier.
Example 10:
compared with example 8, the only difference is that:
the ridge height in the step (1) is 45cm, and the ridge width is 75cm; uniformly mixing 17.5kg of mixed fertilizer into each square meter of soil of the planted ridge; plant planting density: the plant spacing is 1.6m, the row spacing is 4.4m, and the number of plants planted per mu is 108.
High grafting in step (2): grafting at 1.3m of seedling.
Culturing the branches in the step (4): picking the core when the length of the main branch is 35cm, and plastering She Peiyang a first sub-main branch at a position of 30 cm; then, continuously putting the tips to 65cm along the growth direction of the main branches, picking the cores, and carrying out leaf picking culture on a second sub-main branch with the growth direction opposite to that of the first sub-main branch at a position of 60 cm; culturing with the propulsive branch tip to ensure that 7 sub-main branches grow on each main branch; in order to avoid excessive crossing of sub-main branches between adjacent plants in the same row and influence photosynthesis by excessive branch tip density, the core is removed when the sub-main branches grow to 65 cm; and (5) culturing the sub-main branches.
The dosage of the base fertilizer in the step (5) is 12.5kg for each deep trench.
The planting method is adopted in a Qinzhou orchard, the root system of the planted fruit tree is developed, the plant diseases and insect pests are few, high yield can be achieved in the second year, and compared with the traditional planting method, the high yield is improved by 1-2 years, and the yield is improved by more than 47.76%.
Example 11:
compared with example 8, the only difference is that:
the ridge height is 46cm, and the ridge width is 78cm in the step (1); uniformly mixing 20kg of mixed fertilizer into each square meter of earthwork of the planted ridge; plant planting density: the plant spacing is 1.8m, the row spacing is 4.2m, and the number of plants planted per mu is 100.
High grafting in step (2): grafting at 1.4m of seedling.
Culturing the branches in the step (4): picking the core when the length of the main branch is 34cm, and plastering She Peiyang a first sub-main branch at a position of 30 cm; then, continuously putting the tips to 63cm along the growth direction of the main branches, picking the cores, and carrying out leaf picking culture on a second sub-main branch with the growth direction opposite to that of the first sub-main branch at a position of 59 cm; culturing with the propulsive branch tip to ensure that 7 sub-main branches grow on each main branch; in order to avoid excessive crossing of sub-main branches between adjacent plants in the same row and influence photosynthesis by excessive branch tip density, the sub-main branches are subjected to core picking when the length of the sub-main branches reaches 68 cm; and (5) culturing the sub-main branches.
The dosage of the base fertilizer in the step (5) is 15kg buried in each deep trench.
By adopting the planting method in the orchard in Chong left, the planted fruit trees have developed root systems and less diseases and insect pests, and can realize high yield in the second year, compared with the traditional planting method, the high yield is improved by 1-2 years, and the yield is improved by more than 46.61%.
Example 12:
compared with example 8, the only difference is that:
the ridge height in the step (1) is 45cm, and the ridge width is 72cm; uniformly mixing 18kg of mixed fertilizer into each square meter of soil of the planted ridge; plant planting density: the plant spacing is 1.6m, the row spacing is 4.3m, and the number of plants planted per mu is 94.
High grafting in step (2): grafting at 1.5m of seedling.
Culturing the branches in the step (4): picking the core when the length of the main branch is 33cm, and plastering She Peiyang a first sub-main branch at a position of 30 cm; then, continuously putting the tips to 64cm along the growth direction of the main branches, picking the cores, and carrying out leaf picking culture on a second sub-main branch with the growth direction opposite to that of the first sub-main branch at a position of 58 cm; culturing with the propulsive branch tip to ensure that 7 sub-main branches grow on each main branch; in order to avoid excessive crossing of sub-main branches between adjacent plants in the same row and influence photosynthesis by excessive branch tip density, the core is removed when the sub-main branches grow to 63 cm; and (5) culturing the sub-main branches.
The dosage of the base fertilizer in the step (5) is 14kg for each deep trench.
The planting method is adopted in the orchard of the Bingyang, the root system of the planted fruit tree is developed, the plant diseases and insect pests are few, high yield can be realized in the third year, and compared with the traditional planting method, the high yield is improved by 1-2 years, and the yield is improved by more than 49.6%.
Example 13:
the difference compared to any of examples 8-12 is that: a structural component of the mixed fertilizer is provided.
The mixed fertilizer in the step (1) comprises the following active ingredients in parts by weight: 8 parts of farmyard manure, 2 parts of sugarcane ash, 2 parts of chaff and 0.04 part of trichoderma viride. Can enrich the nutrition types in the soil, improve the antibacterial and bacteriostatic ability of the soil, and improve the moisture retention of the soil.
Example 14:
the difference compared to any of examples 8-12 is that: another structural component of the mixed fertilizer is given.
The mixed fertilizer in the step (1) comprises the following active ingredients in parts by weight: 12 parts of farmyard manure, 5 parts of sugarcane ash, 6 parts of chaff and 0.045 part of trichoderma viride.
Example 15:
the difference compared to any of examples 8-12 is that: a further structural component of the mixed fertilizer is provided.
The mixed fertilizer in the step (1) comprises the following active ingredients in parts by weight: 10 parts of farmyard manure, 3.5 parts of sugarcane ash, 4 parts of chaff and 0.0425 part of trichoderma viride.
Example 16:
the difference compared to any of examples 8-15 is that: a structure of the insect-proof climbing agent is provided.
And (3) the insect-proof climbing agent in the step (3) is waste engine oil. Realizes the full utilization of resources and changes waste into valuable. The waste engine oil can effectively prevent the crawlers such as ants and the like from climbing upwards from the root of the stock, and further can effectively protect the grafting port from being damaged by diseases and insect pests.
Example 17:
the difference compared to any of examples 8-16 is that: a structural component of an anthelmintic agent is provided.
The insect repellent in the step (3) is leaching liquor of mugwort and Chinese chives. Can effectively play the roles of expelling parasites and resisting bacteria. Effectively prevent and treat diseases and insect pests of grafting openings. In addition, the leaching solution of the moxa and the Chinese chives absorbed by the plants can improve the resistance of the plants, so that the forced damage of germs can be resisted.
Example 18:
the difference compared to any of examples 8-17 is that: a structural component of the plant base fertilizer is provided.
The plant base fertilizer in the step (5) comprises the following active ingredients in parts by weight: 12 parts of farmyard manure, 2 parts of sugarcane ash, 0.15 part of shell powder, 0.15 part of mashed garlic, 0.022 part of trichoderma viride and 0.3 part of balanced compound fertilizer. The plant growth regulator can provide rich nutrition for soil, can enhance the moisture retention of the soil, can effectively inhibit the propagation and growth of harmful bacteria in the soil, and provides a good soil environment for the growth of plant roots.
Example 19:
the difference compared to any of examples 8-17 is that: another structural component of the plant base fertilizer is given.
The plant base fertilizer in the step (5) comprises the following active ingredients in parts by weight: 18 parts of farmyard manure, 5 parts of sugarcane ash, 0.3 part of shell powder, 0.3 part of mashed garlic, 0.028 part of trichoderma viride and 0.8 part of balanced compound fertilizer.
Example 20:
the difference compared to any of examples 8-17 is that: a third structural component of the plant base fertilizer is given.
The plant base fertilizer in the step (5) comprises the following active ingredients in parts by weight: 15 parts of farmyard manure, 3.5 parts of sugarcane ash, 0.225 part of shell powder, 0.225 part of mashed garlic, 0.025 part of trichoderma viride and 0.55 part of balanced compound fertilizer.
Example 21:
the difference compared to any of examples 8-17 is that: a fourth structural component of the plant base fertilizer is provided.
The plant base fertilizer in the step (5) comprises the following active ingredients in parts by weight: 15 parts of farmyard manure, 2.5 parts of sugarcane ash, 0.25 part of shell powder, 0.25 part of mashed garlic, 0.025 part of trichoderma viride and 0.5 part of balanced compound fertilizer.
Example 22:
the difference compared to any of examples 8-21 is that: the structural components of the additional fertilizer outside the roots in the flower and fruit stage are provided.
The flower and fruit period external fertilizer adopts water-soluble fertilizer containing fish protein or amino acid components, and is applied for 3-4 times a year, once every 1-2 months, and the dosage is 0.2-0.5 kg/plant.
The pineapple Sakyamuni-frame type close planting cultivation method is compared with the conventional pineapple Sakyamuni-frame type close planting cultivation method. The survival rate of the grafted seedling obtained by grafting by adopting the close planting cultivation method is higher than that of the grafted seedling obtained by adopting the close planting cultivation method in the prior art, and after 1 month of grafting, the growth vigor of the grafted seedling obtained by adopting the close planting cultivation method is better than that of the grafted seedling obtained by adopting the prior close planting cultivation method. The control group 1 is prepared by the prior art method for pineapple frame type close planting cultivation. The results of the test are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of the effects of the present application with the prior art method
As can be seen from Table 1, the method provided by the application has the characteristics of high grafting survival rate, good growth vigor and the like compared with the existing method.
The shelf type close planting device is combined with the cultivation method, and can effectively improve the fruit setting rate of plants.
Control group: the existing close planting technology is used for planting pineapple Sakya, and the total number of the pineapple Sakya is 5 comparison groups: control group 1, control group 2, control group 3, control group 4, control group 5.
Control group 1 corresponds to example 8; control group 2 corresponds to example 9; control group 3 corresponds to example 10; control group 4 corresponds to example 11; control group 5 corresponds to example 12; the control groups have the same planting number and the same planting environment as the corresponding embodiments of the application.
TABLE 2 comparison of the effects of the present application with the prior art method
As can be obtained from Table 2, the fruit setting rate of the application reaches more than 97.5%, the acre yield reaches 3.68-3.96 jack, the yield is improved by 44.85-49.6% compared with the existing close planting method, the early high yield can be realized by 1-2 years, and the economic benefit can be improved for planting.
It is apparent that the above examples are given by way of illustration only and are not limiting of the embodiments. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. While still being within the scope of the application, obvious variations or modifications may be made thereto.
Claims (8)
1. A pineapple Sakyamuni-frame type close planting cultivation method is characterized in that: the close planting cultivation method adopts a pineapple custard frame type close planting device; the pineapple Sakya rack type close planting device comprises a Y-shaped supporting part; the Y-shaped supporting part comprises at least two Y-shaped supporting frames, a supporting rod (4) and a connecting pipe (8); the at least two Y-shaped support frame pairs Ji Jiange are arranged side by side, and the top of each Y-shaped support frame is in a V-shaped unfolding structure; the V-shaped unfolding structures of two adjacent Y-shaped supporting frames are connected through a supporting rod (4) to form a V-shaped supporting surface; two adjacent Y-shaped support frames are connected through a connecting pipe (8); the V-shaped supporting surface is used for supporting branches of the shaping plants;
the close planting cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Ridging and planting: firstly, raising a planting ridge before planting seedlings, wherein the height of the planting ridge is 40-50 cm, the width of the planting ridge is 70-80 cm, uniformly mixing 15-20 kg of mixed fertilizer into each square meter of earthwork of the planting ridge, and covering grassland preventing cloth; plant planting density: planting 83-112 plants per mu, wherein the plant spacing is 1.5-2 m, the row spacing is 4-4.5 m;
(2) Setting up a frame: the Y-shaped supporting part of the pineapple Sakyamuni-type close planting device is erected on a planting ridge to form a planting shed frame;
(3) High grafting: the seedlings are planted on the planting ridge fixedly and led to the planting shed frame, grafting is carried out at the position of 1.2-1.5 m of the seedlings after the tips of the branches are mature, and a grafting port is arranged at the top end of the vertical section of the Y-shaped supporting part; bud grafting is carried out in 3-4 months in spring, and 2-4 pineapple Sakya buds are simultaneously grafted on a grafting opening so as to ensure the number of branches in the same period; after grafting, the grafting opening pays attention to insect pest protection, the bottom of the stock is coated with an insect-proof climbing agent, and a transparent film bag dipped with the insect-proof agent is coated on the grafting mask;
(4) Branch culture: after the new shoots grow out after the grafting survival, two branch shoots with reasonable bifurcation angles are selected to be used as main branches for culture, and the branch shoots are respectively guided and put on a frame for fixation; picking the core when the length of the main branch is 33-36 cm, and plastering She Peiyang a first sub-main branch at the position of 28-30 cm; then, continuously extending the growth direction of the main branch to be tip-placed to 62-68 cm, picking the core, and applying leaves at 58-60 cm to culture a second sub-main branch with the opposite growth direction to the first sub-main branch; culturing with the propulsive branch tips to ensure that 6-7 sub-main branches grow on each main branch; in order to avoid excessive crossing of sub-main branches between adjacent plants in the same row and influence photosynthesis by excessive branch tip density, the core is plucked when the sub-main branches grow to 60-70 cm; the culture of the sub-main branches is completed, namely, the permanent backbone branches of the plants are also cultured, and the branches and tips of the fruit in the current year are cut back and cultured according to the standard of the backbone branches in spring every year;
(5) And (3) water and fertilizer management: the cultivation is mainly characterized in that the base fertilizer of the plants fully applied in spring and the additional fertilizer outside the roots in the flower and fruit period are used; the base fertilizer is buried in deep trenches before sprouting of buds in spring, the deep trenches are formed on two sides of a planted ridge, the depth is 30-40 cm, the base fertilizer is applied for only 1 time a year, and the base fertilizer consumption is 10-15 kg for burying each deep trench; the external fertilizer for the flower and fruit period adopts water-soluble fertilizer by spraying the whole tree or drip irrigation for planting the ridge.
2. The pineapple frame type close planting cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the mixed fertilizer in the step (1) comprises the following active ingredients in parts by weight: 8 to 12 parts of farmyard manure, 2 to 5 parts of sugarcane ash, 2 to 6 parts of chaff and 0.04 to 0.045 part of trichoderma viride.
3. The pineapple frame type close planting cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the insect-proof climbing agent in the step (3) is waste engine oil, and the coating height of the insect-proof climbing agent is 30-50 cm.
4. The pineapple frame type close planting cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the insect repellent agent in the step (3) is a mixed solution of leaching solutions of mugwort and Chinese chives, and the mass ratio of the two is 1:2-3.
5. The pineapple frame type close planting cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the plant base fertilizer in the step (5) comprises the following active ingredients in parts by weight: 12 to 18 parts of farmyard manure, 2 to 5 parts of sugarcane ash, 0.15 to 0.3 part of shell powder, 0.15 to 0.3 part of mashed garlic, 0.022 to 0.028 part of trichoderma viride agent and 0.3 to 0.8 part of balanced compound fertilizer.
6. The pineapple frame type close planting cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the flower and fruit period external fertilizer adopts water-soluble fertilizer containing fish protein or amino acid components, and is applied for 3-4 times a year, once every 1-2 months, and the dosage is 0.2-0.5 kg/plant.
7. The pineapple frame type close planting cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the Y-shaped support frame comprises a stand column (1) and a support arm (2);
two sides of the top of the upright post (1) are respectively provided with a supporting arm (2) in an inclined way;
the included angle between the supporting arm (2) and the horizontal plane is 25-45 degrees.
8. The pineapple frame type close planting cultivation method as set forth in claim 7, wherein: also comprises a traction rod (3);
the traction rod (3) is used for connecting the two support arms (2).
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| JPH0994032A (en) * | 1995-09-30 | 1997-04-08 | Nishida Tsuneko | New treetop support of climbing fruit tree trellis and its structure |
| CN104145775A (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2014-11-19 | 广西大学 | Y-shaped frame type cultivation method for atemoya |
| CN104206221A (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2014-12-17 | 广西大学 | Improved Y-shaped rack-type cultivation method for sweet-scented osmanthus pear trees |
| CN112237120A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-01-19 | 云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所 | Shaping technology cultivation mode of Y-shaped pinaga ananas comosus |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0994032A (en) * | 1995-09-30 | 1997-04-08 | Nishida Tsuneko | New treetop support of climbing fruit tree trellis and its structure |
| CN104145775A (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2014-11-19 | 广西大学 | Y-shaped frame type cultivation method for atemoya |
| CN104206221A (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2014-12-17 | 广西大学 | Improved Y-shaped rack-type cultivation method for sweet-scented osmanthus pear trees |
| CN112237120A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-01-19 | 云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所 | Shaping technology cultivation mode of Y-shaped pinaga ananas comosus |
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