CN104206221A - Improved Y-shaped rack-type cultivation method for sweet-scented osmanthus pear trees - Google Patents
Improved Y-shaped rack-type cultivation method for sweet-scented osmanthus pear trees Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of fruit tree facility cultivation, in particular to an improved Y-shaped rack-type cultivation method for sweet-scented osmanthus pear trees. The method comprises the following steps: performing ploughing and ridge forming on garden plot, digging planting pits on ridges and applying a base fertilizer; planting sweet-scented osmanthus pear trees, Taiwan No.1 pear trees and birchleaf pear trees at the same period, and managing the sweet-scented osmanthus pear trees, Taiwan No.1 pear trees and birchleaf pear trees; fixing the upper ends of two main branches of Y-shaped tree-like sweet-scented osmanthus pear trees and Taiwan No.1 pear trees on side branches of the birchleaf pear trees on two sides; binding and erecting bamboo poles at intervals of 45-50cm on the main branches of two adjacent pear trees in a sweet-scented osmanthus pear tree vertical row and a Taiwan No.1 pear tree vertical row in the same direction so as to construct a Y-shaped rack surface; binding branches of the sweet-scented osmanthus pear trees and the Taiwan No.1 pear trees to the rack surface. Inarching main branches of the sweet-scented osmanthus pear trees and the Taiwan No.1 pear trees to the top of birchleaf pear active piles so as to realize linked cultivation; performing branch pulling, binding and reshaping each year, wherein the planting stage further comprises conventional management such as nutritive water application, bagging and pest control.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to protected fruit trees cultivation field, be specifically related to a kind of sweet osmanthus pears improvement Y-shaped posture cultivation method.
Background technology
Pear is in deciduous fruit tree.In production, conventional single file individual plant has posture and without posture cultivation method, cultivates adopt tree-like mainly contain happy shape, evacuation layering shape, spindle, Y-shaped or herringbone of falling without posture; There is posture to cultivate conventional posture and have the postures such as cement steel frame construction horizontal rack, cement steel frame construction Y-shaped frame, simple and easy Y-shaped bamboo frame.Usually need the pruning technique of very careful science without posture cultivation, orchard worker is difficult to grasp.Sweet osmanthus pear is in south early-maturing pear, and in south, plantation year increment is large, and orchard worker is not usually because draw a shaping to cause tree body upright in time, and tree crown is too high uncontrollable and finally cut down.There is posture to cultivate conventional cement steel frame construction horizontal rack, the cultivation of cement steel frame construction Y-shaped posture because frame material cost is high, be difficult to popularize.The simple and easy Y word bamboo posture close with this technology utilizes bamboo chip to reach posture, and stake done by wood, is not durable, and complicated operation, and re-shaping exercise amount is large, is shaped slow.
Summary of the invention
A kind of sweet osmanthus pears are the object of the present invention is to provide to improve Y-shaped posture cultivation method.
Object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of sweet osmanthus pears improvement Y-shaped posture cultivation method, comprises the following steps:
1) field ploughing and ridging;
2) ridge is excavated plantation hole and basal dressing;
3) plant sweet osmanthus pears, platform agriculture pears and birchleaf pear the same period: a perpendicular row birchleaf pear is equidistantly planted in each perpendicular row sweet osmanthus pears left and right sides, the perpendicular row of sweet osmanthus pears plants strain platform agriculture pears every 6 strain sweet osmanthus pears and does pollinizers;
4) management of birchleaf pear: then, Culture Center dry doubling stays two with capable to the parallel and side shoot of back growth in 1.7 ~ 1.75 meters of eminences on birchleaf pear trunk in plantation;
5) management of sweet osmanthus pears and Tai Nong pears: plantation then every strain sweet osmanthus pears and Tai Nong pears stays 50 ~ 60 centimetres surely to do, trunk only stays two major branches, all the other branches are erased, sweet osmanthus pears and Tai Nong pears are shaped as Y word tree-like, and make two major branch vertical growths on planted sweet osmanthus pears and Tai Nong pears, before plantation Second Year July, make major branch height reach more than 2.8 meters, described major branch cultivates a secondary major branch every 40 ~ 45 centimetres;
6) Y-shaped frame face is built: be individually fixed on left and right sides birchleaf pear 1.7 ~ 1.75 meters of arbitrary side shoots in height of tree place by two major branch tops of sweet osmanthus pears and Tai Nong pears, plantation Second Year winter, there are sweet osmanthus pears and Tai Nong pears to erect on row in kind and the same major branch opening direction of adjacent two strain pear tree bundle erection bamboo pole, first bamboo pole is set up in major branch crotch, a bamboo pole is set up as second from the bottom bamboo pole in sweet osmanthus pears and birchleaf pear or platform agriculture pears and birchleaf pear junction, erection bamboo pole is continued every 45 ~ 50 centimetres between described two bamboo poles, 45 centimetres, inverse distance second bamboo pole erection outermost bamboo pole,
7) secondary major branch is cultivated: tiltedly tie up when the secondary major branch length on sweet osmanthus pears and Tai Nong pears is 1 ~ 1.5 meter on the bamboo pole of Y-shaped frame with 45 ° ~ 50 °;
8) be abutted against: the 3rd year summer after plantation, respectively cut one hinder face in sweet osmanthus pears, birchleaf pear fixed contact position respectively, gained two is hindered the face jag that is close together to fix, respectively cut one hinder face in platform agriculture pears major branch, birchleaf pear fixed contact position respectively, gained two is hindered the face jag that is close together to fix, gained can realize disjunctor cultivation after hindering face healing;
9) branch is tied up: plant after the 3rd year, side shoot on frame face on sweet osmanthus pears and the secondary major branch of Tai Nong pear lets alone growth within vegetative period, after winter-spring season fallen leaves, the side shoot of vertical growth is bonded to the empty position on frame face, it is wiped out from base portion by the side shoot not bundling space;
10) Routine Management such as rich water, bagging, diseases and pests controlling.
The ploughing depth of field preferably: step 1) is 40 ~ 50 centimetres, and ridging line-spacing is 5 ~ 6 meters, and furrow is wide 80 centimetres, dark 30 centimetres.
The spacing of planting hole preferably: step 2) is 2.5 ~ 3 meters, cheats dark 50 ~ 60 centimetres, and described base manure is evenly obtained by 1kg fused calcium magnesium phosphate, 5kg chicken manure, 0.5kg lime under agitation.
The plantation distance of the pears of sweet osmanthus preferably: step 3) and birchleaf pear is 1.5 ~ 1.7 meters, and sweet osmanthus pears erect every trade apart from being 5 ~ 6 meters, and birchleaf pear erects every trade apart from being 3 ~ 3.4 meters, and the tree strain spacing that described sweet osmanthus pears erect row, birchleaf pear is erected on row is 2.5 ~ 3 meters.
Birchleaf pear preferably: step 4) stays to do and is highly 40 ~ 50 centimetres, and the dry upper plantation in described center stays a side shoot every 30 ~ 40 centimetres then.
Preferably: pinch when described birchleaf pear grows to 1.8 meters, plantation Second Year late January, all side shoots cut the stake staying 8 ~ 10 centimetres, grafting sweet osmanthus pears vegetative bud on two side shoots of birchleaf pear 1.7 ~ 1.75 meters of back growth of the sweet osmanthus pears left and right sides, grafting platform agriculture vegetative bud on two side shoots of birchleaf pear 1.7 ~ 1.75 meters of back growth of a platform agriculture pears left and right sides, grafting sweet osmanthus pear flower bud on all the other side shoots, described bud Post flowering carries out artificial pollination, an inflorescence stays a fruit, plantation Second Year receive fruit after stay 1.7 ~ 1.75 meters of back growth two side shoots and on branch, all the other side shoots remove.
Preferably: when described vegetative bud scion grows to 1.25 ~ 1.5 meters, this branch is tied on bamboo pole, and lets alone branch, when branch growth length reaches 1 meter, branch is tied up on bamboo pole.
Preferably: step 5), two major branches are positioned at 45 ~ 50 centimetres of dry eminences.
Preferably: described outermost bamboo pole diameter is 3 ~ 4 centimetres, and all the other bamboo pole diameters are 5 ~ 6 centimetres.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
(1) posture cost is reduced: take birchleaf pear as live stake replacement concrete column or timber; Sweet osmanthus pears and Tai Nong pears shaping are become Y word tree-like, make it the basis forming Y-shaped frame; Replace steel pipe or iron wire to set up on major branch with bamboo pole, thus reduce costs.
(2) the pile life-span is extended: birchleaf pear is slightly raw fast long, is the stock that sweet osmanthus pears and Tai Nong pears are conventional.Therefore birchleaf pear can be made the permanent pile of sweet osmanthus pears, service life of this pile than concrete column or timber longer.
(3) expand root system scope and improve utilization rate of fertilizer: sweet osmanthus pears, platform agriculture pears and birchleaf pear are abutted against, realize disjunctor cultivation, the conducting tissue of sweet osmanthus pears, platform agriculture pears and birchleaf pear stake alive will be connected together, stake of living absorbs the nutrient outside sweet osmanthus pears and Tai Nong pears root system scope of activities, except for except itself, can also be transported in sweet osmanthus pears and Tai Nong pear tree body, expand root system scope of activities, improve utilization rate of fertilizer.
(4) plant birchleaf pear then, cultivate the side shoot of living in stake, next year grafting sweet osmanthus pear flower bud realizes precocity fruiting: stake of living is birchleaf pear, has very near affiliation with sweet osmanthus pears and Tai Nong pears.The bud of grafting sweet osmanthus pears on birchleaf pear, can realize planting next year then and receive fruit.
(5) utilize two, stake top side shoot high position grafting sweet osmanthus pears of living, utilizing its branch, by drawing branch, capturing frame face headroom ahead of time, realize early being shaped.
This technology solves the difficult problem that sweet osmanthus tree vigo(u)r is upright, bud is few, bagging difficulty is large, and small investment, easy to operate, instant effect, effective; High practicability and generalization.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is Y shape frame face structural representation, and Main Reference Numerals is described as follows:
1, birchleaf pear center dry 2, birchleaf pear 1.7 ~ 1.75 meters of side shoots 3, sweet osmanthus pears major branch 4, sweet osmanthus pears trunk 5, bamboo pole 6, platform agriculture pears major branch 7 agricultures pears trunk.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, elaboration detailed is further done to the present invention, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the scope that embodiment represents.These embodiments only for illustration of the present invention, but not for limiting the scope of the invention.In addition, after reading content of the present invention, those skilled in the art can do various amendment to the present invention, and these equivalent variations fall within appended claims limited range of the present invention equally.
Embodiment 1
Sweet osmanthus pears improvement Y-shaped posture cultivation method step is as follows:
One, the ploughing in field and ridging
Before plantation, turn over 40 centimetres to field plough, then with line-spacing 5 meters of ridgings, furrow is wide 80 centimetres, and dark 30 centimetres, face, ridge is smooth.
Two, basal dressing
In the centre on ridge, dig plantation hole with spacing in the rows 2.5 meters of fixed points.Cheat dark 50 centimetres, often fused calcium magnesium phosphate 1kg is executed, chicken manure 5kg in hole, and lime 0.5kg, mixes thoroughly.
Three, sweet osmanthus pears and Tai Nong pears (platform agriculture pears are cooked pollinizers) are planted
Implantation time: after falling leaves November to the next year by the end of January rudiment of pears seedling.
Plant line-spacing: spacing in the rows 2.5 meters, line-spacing 5 meters.
Implantation methods: dig a planting pit, dark 15 centimetres in field planting hole.Plant strain platform agriculture pears every 6 strain sweet osmanthus pears, sweet osmanthus pears or platform agriculture pears are planted in planting pit, return the tree dish that soil makes a diameter 1 meter.After having drenched normal root water, tree dish covers leaf or straw.
Four, birchleaf pear (stake of laboring is used) is planted
Implantation time: with sweet osmanthus pears and Tai Nong pears.
Plant line-spacing: spacing in the rows 2.5 meters, line-spacing 3 meters (sweet osmanthus pears corresponding on same ridge 1.5 meters).
Implantation methods: the various a line birchleaf pear in sweet osmanthus pears two back gauge sweet osmanthus pears 1.5 meters of on same ridge.Dig a planting pit during plantation, dark 30 centimetres, birchleaf pear seed is planted in planting pit, return the little tree dish that soil makes a diameter 50 centimetres, after having drenched normal root water, tree dish covers leaf or straw.
Five, the management of birchleaf pear
(1) fixed dry
In plantation then, dry high 40 centimetres of cutting backs are stayed.
(2) Culture Center is done and side shoot
After terminal bud rudiment, stay the branch cultivation birchleaf pear center dry 1 that upright.A side shoot is stayed every 30 centimetres in birchleaf pear center dry 1, when stake of living grows to 1.8 meters, pinches, control height, stay at 1.7 meters of two with the side shoot 2 of going to parallel back growth.
(3) grafting bud
Mid or late January next year, the stake staying 8 centimetres is cut to each side shoot of living in stake, grafting sweet osmanthus pears vegetative bud on two side shoots 2 of birchleaf pear 1.7 meters of back growth of sweet osmanthus pears both sides, grafting platform agriculture vegetative bud on two side shoots 2 of birchleaf pear 1.7 meters of back growth of platform agriculture pears both sides, grafting sweet osmanthus pear flower bud on all the other side shoots.Bud rudiment Post flowering, carry out artificial pollination, each inflorescence only stays a fruit, realizes grafting then and yields positive results then.When a pair side shoot 2 rugosity of birchleaf pear 1.7 meters of back growth of the sweet osmanthus pears left and right sides reaches 0.8 centimetre, grafting sweet osmanthus pears leaf bud, when a pair side shoot 2 rugosity of birchleaf pear 1.7 meters of back growth of a platform agriculture pears left and right sides reaches 0.8 centimetre, grafting platform agriculture pears leaf bud.During grafting, eye to ensure to survive rear branch the first transaction of a day's business growth, is avoided upright down.
After plantation Second Year early July receives fruit, by living, the side shoot of upper less than 1.7 meters of stake is removed from base portion together with sweet osmanthus pears or platform agriculture pears branch, only stay 1.7 meters of back growth two side shoots 2 and on sweet osmanthus pears or platform agriculture pears branch.
Six, the fixed dry and cultivation major branch of sweet osmanthus pears and Tai Nong pears
(1) fixed dry
During plantation, cut top at sweet osmanthus pears and Tai Nong pears height of seedling 50 centimeters and determine dry.
(2) major branch is cultivated
After rudiment, stay two branches at sweet osmanthus pears trunk 4 and dry high 45 centimeters of Tai Nong pears trunk 7 respectively, and be trained sweet osmanthus pears major branch 3 and Tai Nong pears major branch 6 respectively, all the other side shoots all remove.Sweet osmanthus pears and Tai Nong pears are shaped as Y word tree-like, and sweet osmanthus pears two major branches 3 on ridge and Tai Nong pears two major branches 6 are kept upright growth, promote that above-mentioned major branch highly reaches 2.8 meters before July next year by cultivation step.On above-mentioned major branch, every 40 centimetres are stayed a side shoot, cultivate secondary major branch.
Seven, build Y-shaped frame face and tie up branch added
Two major branch 6 tops of two of sweet osmanthus pears major branches 3 and Tai Nong pears are bundled respectively and is fixed on left and right sides birchleaf pear 1.7 meters of arbitrary side shoot 2 crotches (major branch stretch out birchleaf pear live stake 50 centimetres), but do not tie up dead, plantation Second Year winter, one diameter is by same ridge 5-6 centimetre of bamboo pole 5 two ends difference frame is at adjacent two strain sweet osmanthus pears major branch 3 two crotches or adjacent sweet osmanthus pears major branch 3, two crotches of a platform agriculture pears major branch 6, as first crossbeam in Y-shaped frame face, be that 5-6 centimetre of bamboo pole 5 is erected at sweet osmanthus pears and birchleaf pear junction or platform agriculture pears and birchleaf pear junction by a diameter, as the 5th, Y-shaped frame face bamboo pole 5, then between first and the 5th bamboo pole 5, set up a bamboo pole 5 every 50 cm and do crossbeam, 45 centimetres are had to set up outermost bamboo pole 5 at distance the 5th bamboo pole 5, form Y-shaped frame face (Y-shaped frame face structural representation as shown in Figure 1).When vegetative bud scion branch grows to 1.25 meters to birchleaf pear on it, this branch level is tied up and is living on stake 1.7 meters of bamboo poles 5 at frame, and let alone branch, when branch length reaches 1 meter, draw branch and tie up on the bamboo pole 5 that the outmost diameter in frame face is 3-4 centimetre (i.e. six roots of sensation bamboo pole).
Eight, sweet osmanthus pears and birchleaf pear are abutted against, realize disjunctor cultivation
3rd year summer after plantation, on sweet osmanthus pears, birchleaf pear, respectively cut one in binding contact site respectively and hinder face, gained two is hindered the face jag that is close together to fix, respectively cut one at platform agriculture pear tree major branch and birchleaf pear contact site respectively and hinder face, gained two is hindered the face jag that is close together to fix, gained can realize disjunctor cultivation after hindering face healing.
Nine, the pruning after the formation of frame face and shaping
On frame face, the side shoot of secondary major branch lets alone growth within vegetative period, after fallen leaves, the branch of vertical growth is bonded to the position that frame face has living space, does not have it being wiped out from base portion of space to winter.
Ten, other management
Rich water quality management, fruit bagging, the extermination of disease and insect pest are identical with pear tree Routine Management.
Embodiment 2
Sweet osmanthus pears improvement Y-shaped posture cultivation method step is as follows:
One, the ploughing in field and ridging
Before plantation, turn over 50 centimetres to field plough, then with line-spacing 6 meters of ridgings, furrow is wide 80 centimetres, and dark 30 centimetres, face, ridge is smooth.
Two, basal dressing
In the centre on ridge, dig plantation hole with spacing in the rows 3 meters of fixed points.Cheat dark 60 centimetres, often fused calcium magnesium phosphate 1kg is executed, chicken manure 5kg in hole, and lime 0.5kg, mixes thoroughly.
Three, sweet osmanthus pears and Tai Nong pears (platform agriculture pears are cooked pollinizers) are planted
Implantation time: after falling leaves November to the next year by the end of January rudiment of pears seedling.
Plant line-spacing: spacing in the rows 3 meters, line-spacing 6 meters.
Implantation methods: dig a planting pit, dark 15 centimetres in field planting hole.Plant strain platform agriculture pears every 6 strain sweet osmanthus pears, sweet osmanthus pears or platform agriculture pears are planted in planting pit, return the tree dish that soil makes a diameter 1 meter.After having drenched normal root water, tree dish covers leaf or straw.
Four, birchleaf pear (stake of laboring is used) is planted
Implantation time: with sweet osmanthus pears and Tai Nong pears.
Plant line-spacing: spacing in the rows 3 meters, line-spacing 3.4 meters (sweet osmanthus pears corresponding on same ridge 1.7 meters).
Implantation methods: the various a line birchleaf pear in sweet osmanthus pears two back gauge sweet osmanthus pears 1.7 meters of on same ridge.Dig a planting pit during plantation, dark 30 centimetres, birchleaf pear seed is planted in planting pit, return the little tree dish that soil makes a diameter 50 centimetres, after having drenched normal root water, tree dish covers leaf or straw.
Five, the management of birchleaf pear
(1) fixed dry
In plantation then, dry high 50 centimetres of cutting backs are stayed.
(2) Culture Center is done and side shoot
After terminal bud rudiment, stay the branch cultivation birchleaf pear center dry 1 that upright.1 side shoot is stayed every 40 centimetres in birchleaf pear center dry 1, when stake of living grows to 1.8 meters, pinches, control height, stay at 1.75 meters of two with the side shoot 2 of going to parallel back growth.
(3) grafting bud
Mid or late January next year, the stake staying 10 centimetres is cut to each side shoot of living in stake, grafting sweet osmanthus pears vegetative bud on two side shoots 2 of birchleaf pear 1.75 meters of back growth of sweet osmanthus pears both sides, grafting platform agriculture vegetative bud on two side shoots 2 of birchleaf pear 1.75 meters of back growth of platform agriculture pears both sides, grafting sweet osmanthus pear flower bud on all the other side shoots.Bud rudiment Post flowering, carry out artificial pollination, each inflorescence only stays a fruit, realizes grafting then and yields positive results then.When a pair side shoot 2 rugosity of birchleaf pear 1.75 meters of back growth of the sweet osmanthus pears left and right sides reaches 0.8 centimetre, grafting sweet osmanthus pears leaf bud, when a pair side shoot 2 rugosity of birchleaf pear 1.75 meters of back growth of a platform agriculture pears left and right sides reaches 0.8 centimetre, grafting platform agriculture pears leaf bud.During grafting, eye to ensure to survive rear branch the first transaction of a day's business growth, is avoided upright down.During grafting, eye to ensure to survive rear branch the first transaction of a day's business growth, is avoided upright down.
After plantation Second Year early July receives fruit, by living, the side shoot of upper less than 1.75 meters of stake is removed from base portion together with sweet osmanthus pears or platform agriculture pears branch, only stay 1.75 meters of back growth two side shoots 2 and on sweet osmanthus pears or platform agriculture pears branch.
Six, the fixed dry and cultivation major branch of sweet osmanthus pears and Tai Nong pears
(1) fixed dry
During plantation, cut top at sweet osmanthus pears and Tai Nong pears height of seedling 60 centimeters and determine dry.
(2) major branch is cultivated
After rudiment, stay 2 branches at sweet osmanthus pears trunk 4 and dry high 50 centimeters of Tai Nong pears trunk 7 respectively, be trained sweet osmanthus pears major branch 3 and Tai Nong pears major branch 6 respectively.All the other side shoots all remove.Plantation then with Second Year July before, sweet osmanthus pears and Tai Nong pears are shaped as Y word tree-like, and make sweet osmanthus pears two major branches 3 on ridge, two major branches 6 of platform agriculture pears are kept upright growth, promote that above-mentioned major branch highly reaches 2.8-3 rice before July next year by cultivation step.On above-mentioned major branch, every 50 centimetres are stayed a side shoot, cultivate secondary major branch.
Seven, build Y-shaped frame face and tie up branch added
Sweet osmanthus pears two major branches 3 and Tai Nong pears two major branch 6 tops are bundled respectively and is fixed on left and right sides birchleaf pear 1.7 meters of arbitrary side shoot 2 crotches, but do not tie up dead, plantation Second Year winter, one diameter is by same ridge 5 ~ 6 centimetres of bamboo pole 5 two ends respectively framves at adjacent two strain sweet osmanthus pears major branch 3 two crotches or adjacent sweet osmanthus pears major branch 3 and Tai Nong pears 6 two crotches, as first crossbeam in Y-shaped frame face, be that 5 ~ 6 centimetres of bamboo poles 5 are erected at sweet osmanthus pears and birchleaf pear junction or platform agriculture pears and birchleaf pear junction by a diameter, as the 5th, Y-shaped frame face bamboo pole 5, then between first and the 5th bamboo pole 5, crossbeam is done every 40 centimetres of erections bamboo pole 5, 45 centimetres are had to set up outermost bamboo pole 5 at distance the 5th bamboo pole 5, form Y-shaped frame face (Y-shaped frame face structural representation as shown in Figure 1).Length on major branch is reached 1.5 meters of secondary major branches tiltedly to tie up on bamboo pole 5 with 50 ° of angles.When vegetative bud scion branch grows to 1.3 meters to birchleaf pear on it, this branch level is tied up and is living on stake 1.75 meters of bamboo poles 5 at frame, and let alone branch, when branch length reaches 1 meter, draw branch and tie up on the bamboo pole 5 that frame face outermost diameter is 3-4 centimetre (i.e. the 6th bamboo pole).
Eight, sweet osmanthus pears and birchleaf pear are abutted against, realize disjunctor cultivation
3rd year summer after plantation, on sweet osmanthus pears, birchleaf pear, respectively cut one in binding contact site respectively and hinder face, gained two is hindered the face jag that is close together to fix, respectively cut one at platform agriculture pear tree major branch and birchleaf pear contact site respectively and hinder face, gained two is hindered the face jag that is close together to fix, gained can realize disjunctor cultivation after hindering face healing.
Nine, the pruning after the formation of frame face and shaping
On frame face, the side shoot of secondary major branch lets alone growth within vegetative period, after fallen leaves, the branch of vertical growth is bonded to the position that frame face has living space, does not have it being wiped out from base portion of space to winter.
Ten, other management
Rich water quality management, fruit bagging, the extermination of disease and insect pest are identical with pear tree Routine Management.
Technical scheme, utilizes birchleaf pear slightly raw fast long feature, is trained the stake permanent alive of sweet osmanthus pears Y-shaped posture, durable in use, economical and practical; Lateral-branch grafting sweet osmanthus pear flower bud in birchleaf pear stake alive, realizes precocity fruiting; At two lateral-branch grafting sweet osmanthus pears leaf buds at stake 1.7 ~ 1.75 meters of of living, realize being shaped ahead of time.Utilizing the characteristic that birchleaf pear and sweet osmanthus pears, platform agriculture No. 1 pears affiliation are near, reaching disjunctor cultivation by being abutted against, realize sweet osmanthus pears, platform agriculture pears and birchleaf pear and to live the intercommunication of stake nutrient and water, improve plant recovery of nutrient in soil.Sweet osmanthus pears and Tai Nong pears major branch is utilized to labor beam, erection bamboo, simple to operate, reduce frame material cost and the labour cost of sweet osmanthus pears Y-shaped posture.
Claims (9)
1. a sweet osmanthus pears improvement Y-shaped posture cultivation method, comprises the following steps:
1) field ploughing and ridging;
2) ridge is excavated plantation hole and basal dressing;
3) plant sweet osmanthus pears, platform agriculture pears and birchleaf pear the same period: a perpendicular row birchleaf pear is equidistantly planted in each perpendicular row sweet osmanthus pears left and right sides, the perpendicular row of sweet osmanthus pears plants strain platform agriculture pears every 6 strain sweet osmanthus pears and does pollinizers;
4) management of birchleaf pear: then, Culture Center dry doubling stays two with capable to the parallel and side shoot of back growth in 1.7 ~ 1.75 meters of eminences on birchleaf pear trunk in plantation;
5) management of sweet osmanthus pears and Tai Nong pears: plantation then every strain sweet osmanthus pears and Tai Nong pears stays 50 ~ 60 centimetres surely to do, trunk only stays two major branches, all the other branches are erased, sweet osmanthus pears and Tai Nong pears are shaped as Y word tree-like, and make two major branch vertical growths on planted sweet osmanthus pears and Tai Nong pears, before plantation Second Year July, make major branch height reach more than 2.8 meters, described major branch cultivates a secondary major branch every 40 ~ 45 centimetres;
6) Y-shaped frame face is built: be individually fixed on left and right sides birchleaf pear 1.7 ~ 1.75 meters of arbitrary side shoots in height of tree place by two major branch tops of sweet osmanthus pears and Tai Nong pears, plantation Second Year winter, there are sweet osmanthus pears and Tai Nong pears to erect on row in kind and the same major branch opening direction of adjacent two strain pear tree bundle erection bamboo pole, first bamboo pole is set up in major branch crotch, a bamboo pole is set up as second from the bottom bamboo pole in sweet osmanthus pears and birchleaf pear or platform agriculture pears and birchleaf pear junction, erection bamboo pole is continued every 45 ~ 50 centimetres between described two bamboo poles, 45 centimetres, inverse distance second bamboo pole erection outermost bamboo pole,
7) secondary major branch is cultivated: tiltedly tie up when the secondary major branch length on sweet osmanthus pears and Tai Nong pears is 1 ~ 1.5 meter on the bamboo pole of Y-shaped frame with 45 ° ~ 50 °;
8) be abutted against: the 3rd year summer after plantation, respectively cut one hinder face in sweet osmanthus pears, birchleaf pear fixed contact position respectively, gained two is hindered the face jag that is close together to fix, respectively cut one hinder face in platform agriculture pears major branch, birchleaf pear fixed contact position respectively, gained two is hindered the face jag that is close together to fix, gained can realize disjunctor cultivation after hindering face healing;
9) branch is tied up: plant after the 3rd year, side shoot on frame face on sweet osmanthus pears and the secondary major branch of Tai Nong pear lets alone growth within vegetative period, after winter-spring season fallen leaves, the side shoot of vertical growth is bonded to the empty position on frame face, it is wiped out from base portion by the side shoot not bundling space;
10) Routine Management such as rich water, bagging, diseases and pests controlling.
2. sweet osmanthus pears improvement Y-shaped posture cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 1) described in field ploughing depth be 40 ~ 50 centimetres, ridging line-spacing is 5 ~ 6 meters, and furrow is wide 80 centimetres, dark 30 centimetres.
3. Y-shaped posture cultivation method improved by sweet osmanthus pears according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: step 2) described in plant hole spacing be 2.5 ~ 3 meters, cheat dark 50 ~ 60 centimetres, described base manure is evenly obtained by 1kg fused calcium magnesium phosphate, 5kg chicken manure, 0.5kg lime under agitation.
4. Y-shaped posture cultivation method improved by sweet osmanthus pears according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: step 3) described in the plantation distance of sweet osmanthus pears and birchleaf pear be 1.5 ~ 1.7 meters, it is 5 ~ 6 meters that sweet osmanthus pears erect every trade distance, birchleaf pear erects every trade apart from being 3 ~ 3.4 meters, and the tree strain spacing that described sweet osmanthus pears erect row, birchleaf pear is erected on row is 2.5 ~ 3 meters.
5. sweet osmanthus pears improvement Y-shaped posture cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 4) described in birchleaf pear stay and be dryly highly 40 ~ 50 centimetres, dry upper plantation the in described center stays a side shoot every 30 ~ 40 centimetres then.
6. Y-shaped posture cultivation method improved by sweet osmanthus pears according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: pinch when described birchleaf pear grows to 1.8 meters, plantation Second Year late January, all side shoots cut the stake staying 8 ~ 10 centimetres, grafting sweet osmanthus pears vegetative bud on two side shoots of birchleaf pear 1.7 ~ 1.75 meters of back growth of the sweet osmanthus pears left and right sides, grafting platform agriculture vegetative bud on two side shoots of birchleaf pear 1.7 ~ 1.75 meters of back growth of a platform agriculture pears left and right sides, grafting sweet osmanthus pear flower bud on all the other side shoots, described bud Post flowering carries out artificial pollination, an inflorescence stays a fruit, plantation Second Year receive fruit after stay 1.7 ~ 1.75 meters of back growth two side shoots and on branch, all the other side shoots remove.
7. Y-shaped posture cultivation method improved by sweet osmanthus pears according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: when described vegetative bud scion grows to 1.25 ~ 1.5 meters, this branch is tied on bamboo pole, and let alone branch, when branch growth length reaches 1 meter, branch is tied up on bamboo pole.
8. sweet osmanthus pears improvement Y-shaped posture cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 5) described in two major branches be positioned at 45 ~ 50 centimetres of dry eminences.
9. sweet osmanthus pears improvement Y-shaped posture cultivation method according to claim 3, is characterized in that: step 6) described in outermost bamboo pole diameter be 3 ~ 4 centimetres, all the other bamboo pole diameters are 5 ~ 6 centimetres.
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