CN104855230B - Type A pipe frame type dwarf close planting cultivation method of dragon fruit - Google Patents
Type A pipe frame type dwarf close planting cultivation method of dragon fruit Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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Abstract
The invention discloses a type A pipe frame type dwarf close planting cultivation method of dragon fruit. The width of a furrow is 1.7m, the width of a ditch between the furrows is 0.5m, the stretching distance of two ground legs of an A-shaped steel pipe frame is 65cm, the vertical distance between the cross point of two steel pipes and the ground is 1.2m, the space between two adjacent A-shaped steel pipe frames is 1.7m and the two A-shaped steel pipe frames are connected by use of the steel pipes; two rows of dragon fruit are planted in one furrow with the row spacing of 50cm and the plant spacing of 15cm, and 4040 plants are planted per mu; each plant is tied on a bamboo rod by use of a cloth strip to be guided onto the frame or directly guided onto the frame by use of the cloth strip. The method is convenient for mechanical operations; the land space and the illumination can be utilized thoroughly, and relatively high yield and economic benefit can be obtained in relatively short time; besides, the high yield, stable yield and high economic benefit statuses can be kept for a long time.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of fruit tree cultivation is and in particular to a kind of method of Hylocereus undatuss A type pipe-support type Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing.
Background technology
Hylocereus undatuss [Hylocereus undatus spp.], also known as Hylocereus undatus, Pitaya fruit, Qing Renguo, Semen Sesami fruit etc., it is
Cactaceae (Cactaceae) Hylocereus undatus belong to the succulent plant of perennial the climbing up by holding on to property of (Hylocereus undatus), belong to heat
Band, subtropical fruit tree, originate from Tropical rain forest and the desert region in Central America, and artificial culture is throughout Central America, Israel, more
South, Thailand, U.S. etc., in China, Taiwan cultivation is more, existing decades history, and China's Mainland is in recent years in Guangxi, Guangdong, good fortune
The ground such as build to rise, develop about 320,000 mu of area, wherein, Fujian is about more than 20,000 mu, and in the fast-developing impetus.Hylocereus undatuss catchment
Really, flowers, vegetable, health care are integrated, and have very high economic worth.Hylocereus undatuss root system is especially flourishing, no obvious main root, and root system is relatively
Shallow, it is distributed in 2-15cm topsoil more；In vines, length has climbing root, climbs and grows up in frame or other column supports；
Plant strain growth is vigorous, and rudiment power and a principal stresses are stronger, all can grow throughout the year；On-bladed, photosynthesis to complete by vines,
Meat vines are sturdy, in triangle cylindricality or four prism type.Hylocereus undatuss strong adaptability, fast-growing, early knot, fruit are big, high yield, no biennial bearing
The advantages of.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method of Hylocereus undatuss A type pipe-support type Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing, it is easy to mechanization
Operation, can make full use of soil space and illumination, obtain higher yield and economic benefit in the short period of time, and protect for a long time
Hold high yield, stable yields, high economic benefit state.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of method of Hylocereus undatuss A type pipe-support type Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing：One furrow width 1.7m, furrow width 0.5m between furrow, A shaped steel
Pipe support ground bipod struts apart from 65cm, the cross point vertical dimension ground 1.2m of two steel pipes, and adjacent 2 A type pipe supports are apart
1.7m, connects with steel tube, a furrow kind 2 row Hylocereus undatuss, line-spacing 50cm, spacing in the rows 15cm, plants 4040 plants for every mu, is tied with cloth for every plant
Tie up added or directly added with cloth guiding in bamboo pole.
The thickness of described steel pipe is 0.12cm, a diameter of 1 cun.
Cultivation management is as follows：（1）Plantation before dig immediately below A type pipe support 2 deep 10cm, width 20cm field planting bar cave, 2
Cave spacing 0.5m, applies decomposed manure in cave, and mixes with soil, and spreads the suppression weeds life of black plastic cloth in furrow face
Long, during field planting, the spacing in the rows of Hylocereus undatuss cutting seedling is 0.15m；（2）Shi Chongfei：Treelet based on frequently thin fertilizer, every 10 days fertilising 1
Secondary, strain organic fertilizer 1kg；Enter the plant of phase of yielding positive results and must use sufficient fertilizer, usual strain organic fertilizer 3kg and compound fertilizer
1kg, applies in plant four chow ring after mixing thoroughly；（3）Foliage top dressing：500 times of liquid of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and nucleotide foliage fertilizer or aminoacid
800 times of liquid of foliage fertilizer, trophophase sprays 1 time for every 10 days, and every 7 days of phase of yielding positive results sprayed 1 time；（4）Water management：In dry season
Orchard using sprinkling irrigation or drip irrigation, keeps the skin wet, in rainy season, should drain flooded fields in time in time；（5）Focus on pruning：In order to allow plant
Growth keeps good ventilation and penetrating light state, and every plant of 1 year raw plant stays 2 sturdy branch results, and every plant of 2 years raw plant stay 3
The sturdy branch result of root, every plant of 3 years raw plant stay 4 sturdy branch results, backward trophophase every year every plant keep 4 thick
Strong branch result；（6）Strengthen flower and fruit thinning：Accomplish that 1 root knot Fruit branch stays 2 healthy and strong alabastrums or stays 1 fruit as far as possible；（7）Set
Bag：Cover fruit with kraft paper bag before peel annesl；（8）The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Using the side of " putting prevention first, integrated control " in production
Pin.
The remarkable advantage of the present invention is：The method is easy to mechanized operation, can make full use of soil space and illumination,
Obtain higher yield and economic benefit in the shorter time, and be maintained at high yield, stable yields, the state of high economic benefit for a long time.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is column cultivation（Life in 1 year）.
Fig. 2 is that column cultivation high yield is tree-like（Life in 4 years）.
Fig. 3 is A type pipe-support type Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing（Cutting seedling is colonized latter 3 months）.
Fig. 4 is A type pipe-support type Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing（In A type pipe support next furrow kind 2 row）.
Fig. 5 is A type pipe-support type Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing（1 year raw plant strain growth situation）.
Fig. 6 is A type pipe-support type Lower Density Cultivation Method（Cutting seedling is colonized latter 15 months）.
Specific embodiment
Hylocereus undatuss are described below and produce conventional column cultivation, A type pipe-support type Lower Density Cultivation Method, also have the cultivation of our inventions
Training technology -- A type pipe-support type Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing.
1st, column cultivation（See Fig. 1, Fig. 2）
At present, Hylocereus undatuss produce and mainly adopt column cultivation（It is shown in Table 1）：The adopted pillar material of column cultivation is main
For stone column or concrete column, the post line-spacing of concrete column：Level land 2.5m × 2.5m, every 667m2Perpendicular concrete column about 106, every mu of plantation
424 plants, the 2nd year after the plantation of cutting seedling spring starts result, and 1.5kg, per mu yield 636kg, 6360 yuan of per mu yield value are produced in average strain（To produce
Ground 10 yuan of kg of wholesale price calculate, similarly hereinafter）, go into operation within the 3rd year, 4.8kg, per mu yield 2035.2kg, per mu yield value 20352 are produced in average strain
Unit, enters the best fruiting period on the 4th year, and more than 7.8kg, per mu yield about 3307.2kg are produced in average strain, and per mu yield value reaches 33072 yuan.Concrete column
Specification 10cm × 12cm × 200cm, 50cm in concrete column implantation soil, is around fixed with stone or cement mortar, concrete column
Height is about 150cm on the ground.Reserve two in concrete column to perforation at upper end about 5cm, with the thick 1.2～1.5cm in footpath, length
60cm about reinforcing bar pass through rear formation cross, above put 1 waste tire and fixation or in capital plus 1 diameter 70cm iron ring
Fixing；Hylocereus undatuss plant length to parallel with concrete column when head is cut, now plant does not just rise, it will laterally emit a lot
Horizontal end branch stem, past sagging, cross tire is for supporting sagging base of leaf and fruit.This planting type is suitable for open country and plants
Training, cost is relatively low.
Hylocereus undatuss column cultivation production management main points：（1）Field planting：One is respectively dug deeply about at the four sides of concrete column before plantation
The planting pit of each 20cm of 10cm, length and width, applies decomposed manure and mixes with soil, every 1 plant of cutting seedling of dibbling in cave.（2）Between
Make：Planting garden can between cultivate peanut, Semen sojae atricolor, Radix Raphani, the short-term economic crop such as Citrullus vulgariss.（3）Sod culture：When the pedicle of Hylocereus undatuss is climbed
After upper capital, interplanting green manure：Pemisetum flaccidum Griseb, pulse family Trifolium repense, alfalfa, artificial flower life etc..（4）Fertilising：Treelet every 10d fertilising 1
Secondary, strain organic fertilizer 0.125kg；Bearing-age tree strain organic fertilizer 2kg+ compound fertilizer 0.5kg, every batch of young fruit root outer spraying biphosphate
500 times of liquid of potassium 2-3 time.（5）Water management：When arid, using orchard furrow irrigation, keep soil moisture；In rainy season, note arranging
Flood, prevents hydrops.（6）Pruning：Every plant of bearing-age tree retains 2/3 branch female branch as a result, every plant stay 10 sturdy
Branch result.（7）Flower and fruit thinning：The a collection of flower of 1 root knot Fruit branch stays 2-3 alabastrum, stays 1-2 fruit.（8）Bagging：In peel annesl
Front use black nylon mesh bag set fruit.（9）The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Using the policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control " in production.
The advantage of this cultivation technique is：Ventilation and penetrating light is good, and illumination is sufficient, beneficial to the photosynthesis of branch；Support cost
Cheaply.Shortcoming is：It is unfavorable for mechanized operation, labor management is relatively costly；Orchard enters 4 years of needs high yield period, early stage
Yield is relatively low；Land wastage is serious, and earth's surface is exposed to lead to soil erosion.
2nd, A type pipe-support type Lower Density Cultivation Method（See Fig. 6）
A type pipe-support type Lower Density Cultivation Method mode（It is shown in Table 1）：In A type pipe（Thickness 0.12cm, 1 cun of diameter）Under frame supports, A type
Frame ground bipod struts apart from 70cm, two steel pipe cross points vertical dimension ground 1.7m, adjacent 2 A type frame 2.4m apart, and one
Furrow kind 1 row Hylocereus undatuss, line-spacing 3.1m, spacing in the rows 0.6m, plant 358 plants for every mu, every plant of, 2 year life added in bamboo pole of being tied with cloth
1.5kg is produced in average strain, and per mu yield reaches 537kg, 5370 yuan of per mu yield value（Calculated with 10 yuan of kg of place of production wholesale price, similarly hereinafter）, life in 3 years
4.8kg is produced in average strain, and per mu yield reaches 1718.4kg, 17184 yuan of per mu yield value, enters within the 4th year high yield period, average strain product 7.8kg with
On, per mu yield reaches 2792.4kg, and per mu yield value reaches 27924 yuan；In order to make full use of soil, between the 1st year, the 2nd year orchard vacant lot
Plant the industrial crops such as Citrullus vulgariss, Semen arachidis hypogaeae, obtain some relatively low incomes, and can prevent erosion.
Hylocereus undatuss A type pipe-support type Lower Density Cultivation Method production management main points：（1）Field planting：It is spaced immediately below A type pipe support before plantation
60cm digs a deep about 10cm, the planting pit of each 20cm of length and width, apply in cave decomposed manure and and soil mixing, 1 plant of every dibbling
Cutting seedling.（2）Catch cropping：The short-term economic crop such as Semen arachidis hypogaeae, Semen sojae atricolor, Radix Raphani, Citrullus vulgariss in the ranks can be planted in planting garden.（3）Sod culture：
After the branch of Hylocereus undatuss climbs up transverse tube, intercropping in garden green manure：Pemisetum flaccidum Griseb, pulse family Trifolium repense, alfalfa, artificial flower life etc..（4）
Fertilising：The every 10d of treelet applies fertilizer 1 time, strain organic fertilizer 0.25kg；Bearing-age tree strain organic fertilizer 2.5kg+ compound fertilizer 0.5kg；Every batch
500 times of liquid of young fruit root outer spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-3 time.（5）Water management：When arid, orchard, using sprinkling irrigation or drip irrigation, is protected
Hold soil moisture；In rainy season, note draining flooded fields, prevent hydrops.（6）Pruning：Every plant of bearing-age tree retains 2/3 branch conduct
Bearing basal shoot, every plant is stayed 12 sturdy branch results.（7）Flower and fruit thinning：The a collection of flower of 1 root knot Fruit branch stays 2-3 alabastrum, stays 1-
2 fruits.（8）Bagging：With green nylon net bag set fruit before peel annesl.（9）The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Using " prevent being in production
The policy of main, integrated control ".
The advantage of this cultivation technique is：It is easy to mechanized operation；Illumination is sufficient；Shortcoming is：Orchard enters high yield period needs 4
Year, early yield is relatively low.
3rd, A type pipe-support type Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing（See Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5）
In order to be able to make the per mu yield of Hylocereus undatuss reach higher level in shorter trophophase, make full use of orchard limited
Soil and space and abundance illumination, keep the high yield of Hylocereus undatuss plantation to greatest extent, we have invented a kind of plantation
Method A type pipe-support type Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing technology（It is shown in Table 1）：One furrow width 1.7m, furrow width 0.5m between furrow, in A type pipe（Thick
Degree 0.12cm, 1 cun of diameter）Under frame supports, A type frame ground bipod struts apart from 65cm, two steel pipe cross points vertical dimension ground
Face 1.2m, adjacent 2 A type frame are at a distance of 1.7m（Connect with steel tube）, a furrow kind 2 row Hylocereus undatuss, line-spacing 50cm, spacing in the rows 15cm, often
4040 plants of mu plantation, every plant tied with cloth added or directly guided added with cloth in bamboo pole.The 2nd after the plantation of cutting seedling spring
Start result year, 1.5kg, per mu yield 6060kg, 60600 yuan of per mu yield value are produced in average strain（Calculated with 10 yuan of kg of place of production wholesale price,
Similarly hereinafter）, the 3rd annual strain product 3.0kg, per mu yield 12120kg, 121200 yuan of per mu yield value, enter the best fruiting period, average strain within the 4th year
Produce 3.6kg, per mu yield about 14544kg, up to 145440 yuan of per mu yield value, economic benefit is extremely notable.
In order to keep getting bumper crops tree-like it is ensured that the HUOLONG fruits produced have high-quality, production needs high level
Cultivation management technology, main include following some：（1）2 deep about 10cm, width are dug about immediately below A shaped steel pipe support before plantation
The field planting bar cave of 20cm, 2 cave spacing 0.5m, apply decomposed manure in cave and mix with soil, and spread black in furrow face
Color Polypropylence Sheet suppresses weed growth, and during field planting, every plant of spacing 0.15m plants 1 plant of Hylocereus undatuss cutting seedling.（2）Shi Chongfei.Treelet is with duty
Apply based on thin fertilizer, every 10d applies fertilizer 1 time, strain organic fertilizer 1kg；The plant entering the phase of yielding positive results must use sufficient fertilizer, usual strain
Organic fertilizer 3kg+ compound fertilizer 1kg, applies in plant four chow ring after mixing thoroughly.（3）Foliage top dressing.Spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate in trophophase
800 times of liquid of foliage fertilizer such as 500 times of liquid, nucleotide or aminoacid, apply 1 time, every 7 days of phase of yielding positive results sprayed 1 time for 10 days.（4）Water
It is in charge of reason.In the employing sprinkling irrigation in time of dry season orchard or drip irrigation, keep the skin wet, in rainy season, should drain flooded fields in time.（5）Emphasis is repaiied
Cut, in order to allow plant strain growth keep good ventilation and penetrating light state, 1 plant of 1 year raw plant stays 2 sturdy branch results, life in 2 years
Plant stays 3 sturdy branch results, and raw plant stays 4 sturdy branch results within 3 years, and trophophase is maintained at for every plant every year backward
4 sturdy branch results.（6）Strengthen flower and fruit thinning, accomplish that a collection of flower of 1 root knot Fruit branch stays 2 healthy and strong alabastrums as far as possible, stay 1
Individual fruit.（7）Bagging：Cover fruit with kraft paper bag before peel annesl.（8）The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Adopt in production " put prevention first, comprehensive
The policy of conjunction preventing and treating ".
The advantage of this cultivation technique is：It is easy to mechanized operation, makes full use of soil space and illumination, in the shorter time
The higher yield of interior acquisition and economic benefit, and it is maintained at high yield, stable yields, the state of high economic benefit for a long time.
The various planting type Yield compari@situation of table 1
In sum, the popularization and application of A type pipe-support type Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing, it will help before thoroughly solving Hylocereus undatuss production
Phase land wastage and the problem yielding poorly, undoubtedly have great importance and far-reaching to the development promoting China's Hylocereus undatuss industry
Impact.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, all impartial changes done according to scope of the present invention patent with
Modify, all should belong to the covering scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of method of Hylocereus undatuss A type pipe-support type Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing it is characterised in that：One furrow width 1.7m, furrow width between furrow
0.5m, A shaped steel pipe support ground bipod struts apart from 65cm, the cross point vertical dimension ground 1.2m of two steel pipes, adjacent 2 A
Type pipe support, at a distance of 1.7m, connects with steel tube, a furrow kind 2 row Hylocereus undatuss, line-spacing 50cm, spacing in the rows 15cm, plants 4040 plants for every mu.
2. method according to claim 1 it is characterised in that：The thickness of described steel pipe is 0.12cm, a diameter of 1 cun.
3. method according to claim 1 it is characterised in that：Cultivation management is as follows：（1）Plantation before A type pipe support just under
2 deep 10cm, the field planting bar cave of wide 20cm, 2 cave spacing 0.5m are dug by side, apply decomposed manure in cave, and mix with soil,
And black plastic cloth suppression weed growth is spread on furrow face, during field planting, the spacing in the rows of Hylocereus undatuss cutting seedling is 0.15m；Use cloth for every plant
Bar is tied added or directly added with cloth guiding in bamboo pole；（2）Shi Chongfei：Treelet answers frequently thin fertilizer, applies fertilizer 1 time within every 10 days,
Strain organic fertilizer 1kg；The plant entering the phase of yielding positive results need to use sufficient fertilizer, strain organic fertilizer 3kg and compound fertilizer 1kg, mixes thoroughly
Apply in plant four chow ring afterwards；（3）Foliage top dressing：500 times of liquid of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, cooperation nucleotide foliage fertilizer or amino acid foliage fertilizer
800 times of liquid, trophophase sprays 1 time for every 10 days, and every 7 days of phase of yielding positive results sprayed 1 time；（4）Water management：Dry season orchard timely
Using sprinkling irrigation or drip irrigation, keep the skin wet, in rainy season, should drain flooded fields in time；（5）Focus on pruning：In order to allow plant strain growth to keep
Good ventilation and penetrating light state, every plant of 1 year raw plant stays 2 sturdy branch results, every plant of 2 years raw plant stay 3 sturdy
Branch result, every plant of 3 years raw plant stay 4 sturdy branch results, trophophase 4 sturdy branches of every plant of holding every year backward
Result；（6）Strengthen flower and fruit thinning：1 root knot Fruit branch stays 2 healthy and strong alabastrums or stays 1 fruit；（7）Bagging：Use before peel annesl
Kraft paper bag set fruit；（8）The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Using the policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control " in production.
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| CN107624481A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-01-26 | 广西吉朋投资有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of dragon fruit early fruiting and high yield |
| CN108934836B (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2020-10-16 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | Dragon fruit A-shaped pipe frame double-layer close planting cultivation method |
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| CN110050648A (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2019-07-26 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | A method of prevent the high socket part position of dragon fruit from being damaged by windbreak |
| CN113079912B (en) * | 2021-02-22 | 2022-11-29 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Planting method of landscape raspberry |
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