CN104855230A - Type A pipe frame type dwarf close planting cultivation method of dragon fruit - Google Patents

Type A pipe frame type dwarf close planting cultivation method of dragon fruit Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104855230A
CN104855230A CN201510314563.2A CN201510314563A CN104855230A CN 104855230 A CN104855230 A CN 104855230A CN 201510314563 A CN201510314563 A CN 201510314563A CN 104855230 A CN104855230 A CN 104855230A
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strain
fruit
fertilizer
dragon fruit
spacing
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CN104855230B (en
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刘友接
熊月明
谢丽雪
胡菡青
叶燕丽
曾丽兰
黄雄峰
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Pomology Research Institute Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Pomology Research Institute Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a type A pipe frame type dwarf close planting cultivation method of dragon fruit. The width of a furrow is 1.7m, the width of a ditch between the furrows is 0.5m, the stretching distance of two ground legs of an A-shaped steel pipe frame is 65cm, the vertical distance between the cross point of two steel pipes and the ground is 1.2m, the space between two adjacent A-shaped steel pipe frames is 1.7m and the two A-shaped steel pipe frames are connected by use of the steel pipes; two rows of dragon fruit are planted in one furrow with the row spacing of 50cm and the plant spacing of 15cm, and 4040 plants are planted per mu; each plant is tied on a bamboo rod by use of a cloth strip to be guided onto the frame or directly guided onto the frame by use of the cloth strip. The method is convenient for mechanical operations; the land space and the illumination can be utilized thoroughly, and relatively high yield and economic benefit can be obtained in relatively short time; besides, the high yield, stable yield and high economic benefit statuses can be kept for a long time.

Description

A kind of method of dragon fruit A type pipe-support type Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of fruit tree cultivation, be specifically related to a kind of method of dragon fruit A type pipe-support type Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing.
Background technology
Dragon fruit [Hylocereus undatus spp.], have another name called Hylocereus undatus, celestial mamoncillo, sweet heart fruit, sesame fruit etc., it is the succulents that Cactaceae (Cactaceae) hylocereus belongs to perennial the climbing up by holding on to property of (Hylocereus undatus), belong to the torrid zone, subtropical fruit tree, originate from tropical rain forest and the desert region in Central America, artificial cultivation is throughout Central America, Israel, Vietnam, Thailand, the U.S. etc., in China, Taiwan cultivation is more, have history decades, China's Mainland is in recent years in Guangxi, Guangdong, the ground such as Fujian rise, development area about 320,000 mu, wherein, about more than 20,000 mu, Fujian, and in the fast-developing impetus.Catchment fruit, flowers, vegetables, health care of dragon fruit is integrated, and has very high economic worth.Dragon fruit root system is flourishing especially, and without obvious main root, root system is more shallow, in many distribution 2-15cm topsoil; The climing upper length of stem has climbing root, climbs and upwards grows in frame or other column supports; Plant strain growth is vigorous, and rudiment power and a principal stresses are comparatively strong, all can grow throughout the year; On-bladed, photosynthesis by stem climing come, fleshy stem is climing sturdy, in triangle cylindricality or four prism type.Dragon fruit strong adaptability, fast-growing, early knot, fruit are large, high yield, without advantages such as biennial bearings.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of dragon fruit A type pipe-support type Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing, be convenient to mechanized operation, soil space and illumination can be made full use of, obtain higher output and economic benefit in the short period of time, and remain on the state of high yield, stable yields, high economic benefit for a long time.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of method of dragon fruit A type pipe-support type Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing: a furrow width 1.7m, furrow width 0.5m between furrow, A shaped steel pipe support ground bipod struts distance 65cm, vertical range ground, the crosspoint 1.2m of two steel pipes, and adjacent 2 A type pipe supports are at a distance of 1.7m, connect with steel tube, one furrow kind 2 row dragon fruit, line-spacing 50cm, spacing in the rows 15cm, every mu of plantation 4040 strains, every strain cloth is tied added in bamboo pole or is directly guided added with cloth.
The thickness of described steel pipe is 0.12cm, and diameter is 1 cun.
Cultivation management is as follows: the field planting bar cave digging 2 dark 10cm, wide 20cm before (1) plantation immediately below A type pipe support, article 2, cave spacing 0.5m, decomposed manure is applied in cave, and mix with soil, and on furrow face, spread black plastic cloth suppression weed growth, during field planting, the spacing in the rows of dragon fruit cuttage seeding is 0.15m; (2) Shi Chongfei: treelet, based on frequently thin fertilizer, is applied fertilizer 1 time for every 10 days, strain organic fertilizer 1kg; The plant entering the phase of yielding positive results must use sufficient fertilizer, usual strain organic fertilizer 3kg and composite fertilizer 1kg, in the circulating application of plant surrounding after mixing thoroughly; (3) top dressing: potassium dihydrogen phosphate 500 times of liquid and nucleotide foliage fertilizer or amino acid foliage fertilizer 800 times of liquid, every 10 days of vegetative period sprayed 1 time, and every 7 days of phase of yielding positive results sprayed 1 time; (4) water management: dry season orchard adopt in time sprinkling irrigation or drip irrigation, keep the skin wet, in rainy season, should drain flooded fields in time; (5) focus on pruning: in order to the ventilation and penetrating light state allowing plant strain growth keep good, 2 sturdy branch results are stayed in the every strain of raw plant in 1 year, 3 sturdy branch results are stayed in the every strain of raw plant in 2 years, 4 sturdy branch results are stayed in the every strain of raw plant in 3 years, and annual every strain in vegetative period backward keeps 4 sturdy branch results; (6) strengthen flower and fruit thinning: accomplish that 1 root knot fruit branch stays 2 healthy and strong buds or stays 1 fruit as far as possible; (7) bagging: with kraft paper bag cover fruit before pericarp annesl; (8) extermination of disease and insect pest: policy production adopting " putting prevention first, integrated control ".
Remarkable advantage of the present invention is: the method is convenient to mechanized operation, can make full use of soil space and illumination, obtains higher output and economic benefit in the short period of time, and remains on the state of high yield, stable yields, high economic benefit for a long time.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is column cultivation (life in 1 year).
Fig. 2 is column cultivation high yield tree-like (life in 4 years).
Fig. 3 is A type pipe-support type Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing (after cuttage seeding field planting 3 months).
Fig. 4 is A type pipe-support type Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing (arranging in next furrow kind 2 of A type pipe support).
Fig. 5 is A type pipe-support type Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing (1 year raw plant strain growth situation).
Fig. 6 is A type pipe-support type Lower Density Cultivation Method (after cuttage seeding field planting 15 months).
Embodiment
Introduce dragon fruit below and produce upper conventional column cultivation, A type pipe-support type Lower Density Cultivation Method, also have culture technique--the A type pipe-support type Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing of our invention.
1, column cultivation(see Fig. 1, Fig. 2)
At present, dragon fruit mainly adopts column cultivation (see table 1) on producing: column is cultivated the pillar material adopted and is mainly stone column or concrete column, the post line-spacing of concrete column: level land 2.5m × 2.5m, every 667m 2perpendicular concrete column about 106, every mu of plantation 424 strains, start result on the 2nd year after cuttage seeding plantation in spring, 1.5kg, per mu yield 636kg are produced in average strain, and per mu yield is worth 6360 yuan and (calculates with place of production wholesale price 10 Yuan ∕ kg, lower same), within the 3rd year, go into operation, 4.8kg is produced in average strain, per mu yield 2035.2kg, per mu yield is worth 20352 yuan, within the 4th year, enters the full bearing period, and more than 7.8kg is produced in average strain, per mu yield is about 3307.2kg, and per mu yield value reaches 33072 yuan.Concrete column specification 10cm × 12cm × 200cm, concrete column implants about 50cm in soil, and surrounding stone or cement mortar are fixed, and concrete column is highly about 150cm on the ground.Be about reserved two of 5cm place in concrete column distance upper end and with the reinforcing bar of the thick 1.2 ~ 1.5cm in footpath, long about 60cm, rear formation cross is passed to perforation, above put 1 waste tire and fix or add 1 diameter 70cm iron ring at capital and fix; Cut by head when dragon fruit plant grows to parallel with concrete column, now plant does not just rise, and laterally will send a lot of horizontal end branch stem, and toward sagging, cross tire is for supporting sagging base of leaf and fruit.This planting type is applicable to outdoor cropping, and cost is lower.
Dragon fruit column cultivation production management main points: (1) field planting: the planting pit respectively digging a dark about 10cm, each 20cm of length and width before plantation at the four sides of concrete column, apply decomposed manure in cave and and soil mix, every dibbling 1 strain cuttage seeding.(2) intercropping: planting garden can between cultivate peanut, soybean, radish, the short-term economic crop such as watermelon.(3) Sod culture: after the pedicel of dragon fruit climbs up capital, interplanting green manure: Pemisetum flaccidum Griseb, pulse family Trifolium repense, alfalfa, artificial flower are raw.(4) apply fertilizer: the every 10d of treelet applies fertilizer 1 time, strain organic fertilizer 0.125kg; Bearing-age tree strain organic fertilizer 2kg+ composite fertilizer 0.5kg, often criticizes young fruit root outer spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate 500 times of liquid 2-3 time.(5) water management: during arid, adopts orchard furrow irrigation, keeps soil moisture; In rainy season, note water drainage, prevent ponding.(6) pruning: the every strain of bearing-age tree retains branch female branch as a result of 2/3, and 10 sturdy branch results are stayed in every strain.(7) flower and fruit thinning: a collection of flower of 1 root knot fruit branch stays 2-3 bud, stays 1-2 fruit.(8) bagging: with black nylon mesh bag cover fruit before pericarp annesl.(9) extermination of disease and insect pest: policy production adopting " putting prevention first, integrated control ".
The advantage of this culture technique is: ventilation and penetrating light is good, and illumination is sufficient, is beneficial to the photosynthesis of branch; Support low cost.Shortcoming is: be unfavorable for mechanized operation, and labor management cost is higher; Orchard enters high yield period needed for 4 years, and early yield is lower; Land wastage is serious, and the exposed meeting in earth's surface causes water and soil loss.
2, A type pipe-support type Lower Density Cultivation Method(see figure 6)
A type pipe-support type Lower Density Cultivation Method mode (see table 1): at A type pipe (thickness 0.12cm, diameter 1 cun) frame support under, A type frame ground bipod struts distance 70cm, two steel pipe crosspoints vertical range ground 1.7m, adjacent 2 A type frame are at a distance of 2.4m, one furrow kind 1 row dragon fruit, line-spacing 3.1m, spacing in the rows 0.6m, every mu of plantation 358 strains, every strain cloth is tied added in bamboo pole, 1.5kg is produced in the equal strain of life in 2 years, per mu yield reaches 537kg, per mu yield is worth 5370 yuan and (calculates with place of production wholesale price 10 Yuan ∕ kg, lower same), 4.8kg is produced in the equal strain of life in 3 years, per mu yield reaches 1718.4kg, per mu yield is worth 17184 yuan, within 4th year, enter high yield period, more than 7.8kg is produced in average strain, per mu yield reaches 2792.4kg, per mu yield value reaches 27924 yuan, in order to make full use of soil, planting the economic crops such as watermelon, peanut at the 1st year, the 2nd year between vacant lot, orchard, obtaining the income that some are lower, and can prevent erosion.
Dragon fruit A type pipe-support type Lower Density Cultivation Method production management main points: (1) field planting: before plantation, interval 60cm digs the planting pit of a dark about 10cm, each 20cm of length and width immediately below A type pipe support, apply in cave decomposed manure and and soil mix, every dibbling 1 strain cuttage seeding.(2) intercropping: the short-term economic crops such as peanut, soybean, radish, watermelon can be planted in the ranks in planting garden.(3) Sod culture: after the branch of dragon fruit climbs up transverse tube, intercropping in garden green manure: Pemisetum flaccidum Griseb, pulse family Trifolium repense, alfalfa, artificial flower are raw.(4) apply fertilizer: the every 10d of treelet applies fertilizer 1 time, strain organic fertilizer 0.25kg; Bearing-age tree strain organic fertilizer 2.5kg+ composite fertilizer 0.5kg; Often criticize young fruit root outer spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate 500 times of liquid 2-3 time.(5) water management: during arid, orchard adopts sprinkling irrigation or drip irrigation, keeps soil moisture; In rainy season, note water drainage, prevent ponding.(6) pruning: the every strain of bearing-age tree retains branch female branch as a result of 2/3, and 12 sturdy branch results are stayed in every strain.(7) flower and fruit thinning: a collection of flower of 1 root knot fruit branch stays 2-3 bud, stays 1-2 fruit.(8) bagging: with green nylon net bag cover fruit before pericarp annesl.(9) extermination of disease and insect pest: policy production adopting " putting prevention first, integrated control ".
The advantage of this culture technique is: be convenient to mechanized operation; Illumination is sufficient; Shortcoming is: orchard enters high yield period needed for 4 years, and early yield is lower.
3, A type pipe-support type Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing(see Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5)
In order to the level that can the per mu yield of dragon fruit be made within shorter vegetative period to reach higher, make full use of the illumination of limited soil, orchard and space and abundance, keep the high yield of dragon fruit plantation to greatest extent, we have invented a kind of implantation methods---A type pipe-support type Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing technology (see table 1): a furrow width 1.7m, furrow width 0.5m between furrow, at A type pipe (thickness 0.12cm, diameter 1 cun) frame support under, A type frame ground bipod struts distance 65cm, two steel pipe crosspoints vertical range ground 1.2m, adjacent 2 A type frame connect with steel tube at a distance of 1.7m(), one furrow kind 2 row dragon fruit, line-spacing 50cm, spacing in the rows 15cm, every mu of plantation 4040 strains, every strain cloth is tied added in bamboo pole or is directly guided added with cloth.Within 2nd year, start result after cuttage seeding plantation in spring, 1.5kg, per mu yield 6060kg are produced in average strain, per mu yield is worth 60600 yuan and (calculates with place of production wholesale price 10 Yuan ∕ kg, lower same), 3.0kg, per mu yield 12120kg are produced in the 3rd annual strain, per mu yield is worth 121200 yuan, within 4th year, enter the full bearing period, 3.6kg is produced in average strain, and per mu yield is about 14544kg, per mu yield value is up to 145440 yuan, and economic benefit is extremely remarkable.
In order to keep high yield tree-like, ensure that the dragon fruit fruit produced has high-quality, production needs high-caliber cultivation management technology, mainly comprise following some: immediately below A shaped steel pipe support, dig the field planting bar cave of 2 dark about 10cm, wide about 20cm before (1) plantation, article 2, cave spacing 0.5m, apply in cave decomposed manure and and soil mixing, and spread on furrow face black plastic cloth suppression weed growth, during field planting, every strain spacing 0.15m plants 1 strain dragon fruit cuttage seeding.(2) Shi Chongfei.Treelet is based on frequently thin fertilizer, and every 10d applies fertilizer 1 time, strain organic fertilizer 1kg; The plant entering the phase of yielding positive results must use sufficient fertilizer, and usual strain organic fertilizer 3kg+ composite fertilizer 1kg, in the circulating application of plant surrounding after mixing thoroughly.(3) top dressing.Spray foliage fertilizer 800 times of liquid such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate 500 times of liquid, nucleotide or amino acid in vegetative period, within 10 days, execute 1 time, every 7 days of phase of yielding positive results sprayed 1 time.(4) water management.Dry season orchard adopt in time sprinkling irrigation or drip irrigation, keep the skin wet, in rainy season, should drain flooded fields in time.(5) focus on pruning, in order to the ventilation and penetrating light state allowing plant strain growth keep good, 2 sturdy branch results are stayed in the strain of 1 year raw plant 1,2 years raw plant stay 3 sturdy branch results, 3 years raw plant stay 4 sturdy branch results, and annual every strain in vegetative period backward remains on 4 sturdy branch results.(6) strengthen flower and fruit thinning, accomplish that a collection of flower of 1 root knot fruit branch stays 2 healthy and strong buds as far as possible, stay 1 fruit.(7) bagging: with kraft paper bag cover fruit before pericarp annesl.(8) extermination of disease and insect pest: policy production adopting " putting prevention first, integrated control ".
The advantage of this culture technique is: be convenient to mechanized operation, makes full use of soil space and illumination, obtains higher output and economic benefit in the short period of time, and remains on the state of high yield, stable yields, high economic benefit for a long time.
Table 1 various planting type Yield compari@situation
In sum, applying of A type pipe-support type Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing, will contribute to the problem thoroughly solving dragon fruit production land wastage in early stage and yield poorly, to promoting that the development of China's dragon fruit industry has great importance and far-reaching influence undoubtedly.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, all equalizations done according to the present patent application the scope of the claims change and modify, and all should belong to covering scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. the method for a dragon fruit A type pipe-support type Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing, it is characterized in that: a furrow width 1.7m, between furrow, furrow width 0.5m, A shaped steel pipe support ground bipod struts distance 65cm, vertical range ground, the crosspoint 1.2m of two steel pipes, adjacent 2 A type pipe supports are at a distance of 1.7m, connect with steel tube, a furrow kind 2 row dragon fruit, line-spacing 50cm, spacing in the rows 15cm, every mu of plantation 4040 strains.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the thickness of described steel pipe is 0.12cm, and diameter is 1 cun.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: cultivation management is as follows: the field planting bar cave digging 2 dark 10cm, wide 20cm before (1) plantation immediately below A type pipe support, article 2, cave spacing 0.5m, decomposed manure is applied in cave, and mix with soil, and on furrow face, spread black plastic cloth suppression weed growth, during field planting, the spacing in the rows of dragon fruit cuttage seeding is 0.15m; Every strain cloth is tied added in bamboo pole or is directly guided added with cloth; (2) Shi Chongfei: treelet, based on frequently thin fertilizer, is applied fertilizer 1 time for every 10 days, strain organic fertilizer 1kg; The plant entering the phase of yielding positive results need use sufficient fertilizer, usual strain organic fertilizer 3kg and composite fertilizer 1kg, in the circulating application of plant surrounding after mixing thoroughly; (3) top dressing: potassium dihydrogen phosphate 500 times of liquid and nucleotide foliage fertilizer or amino acid foliage fertilizer 800 times of liquid, every 10 days of vegetative period sprayed 1 time, and every 7 days of phase of yielding positive results sprayed 1 time; (4) water management: dry season orchard adopt in time sprinkling irrigation or drip irrigation, keep the skin wet, in rainy season, should drain flooded fields in time; (5) focus on pruning: in order to the ventilation and penetrating light state allowing plant strain growth keep good, 2 sturdy branch results are stayed in the every strain of raw plant in 1 year, 3 sturdy branch results are stayed in the every strain of raw plant in 2 years, 4 sturdy branch results are stayed in the every strain of raw plant in 3 years, and annual every strain in vegetative period backward keeps 4 sturdy branch results; (6) strengthen flower and fruit thinning: accomplish that 1 root knot fruit branch stays 2 healthy and strong buds or stays 1 fruit as far as possible; (7) bagging: with kraft paper bag cover fruit before pericarp annesl; (8) extermination of disease and insect pest: policy production adopting " putting prevention first, integrated control ".
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Cited By (6)

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CN106171726A (en) * 2016-07-07 2016-12-07 陈迷 A kind of Folium Styracis Suberifoliae red meat Hylocereus undatus field management method
CN107624481A (en) * 2017-09-30 2018-01-26 广西吉朋投资有限公司 A kind of cultural method of dragon fruit early fruiting and high yield
CN108934836A (en) * 2018-09-21 2018-12-07 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 A kind of method of dragon fruit A type pipe support bilayer planting culture
CN109618832A (en) * 2019-02-22 2019-04-16 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 A kind of dragon fruit ridge formula hedge frame green cultural method
CN110050648A (en) * 2019-05-20 2019-07-26 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 A method of prevent the high socket part position of dragon fruit from being damaged by windbreak
CN113079912A (en) * 2021-02-22 2021-07-09 浙江省农业科学院 Planting method of landscape raspberry

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106171726A (en) * 2016-07-07 2016-12-07 陈迷 A kind of Folium Styracis Suberifoliae red meat Hylocereus undatus field management method
CN107624481A (en) * 2017-09-30 2018-01-26 广西吉朋投资有限公司 A kind of cultural method of dragon fruit early fruiting and high yield
CN108934836A (en) * 2018-09-21 2018-12-07 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 A kind of method of dragon fruit A type pipe support bilayer planting culture
CN108934836B (en) * 2018-09-21 2020-10-16 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 Dragon fruit A-shaped pipe frame double-layer close planting cultivation method
CN109618832A (en) * 2019-02-22 2019-04-16 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 A kind of dragon fruit ridge formula hedge frame green cultural method
CN110050648A (en) * 2019-05-20 2019-07-26 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 A method of prevent the high socket part position of dragon fruit from being damaged by windbreak
CN113079912A (en) * 2021-02-22 2021-07-09 浙江省农业科学院 Planting method of landscape raspberry

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