CN104737743B - Pitaya high-quality and high-yield cultivation method adopting water and fertilizer integrated fertigation technology - Google Patents
Pitaya high-quality and high-yield cultivation method adopting water and fertilizer integrated fertigation technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN104737743B CN104737743B CN201510094225.2A CN201510094225A CN104737743B CN 104737743 B CN104737743 B CN 104737743B CN 201510094225 A CN201510094225 A CN 201510094225A CN 104737743 B CN104737743 B CN 104737743B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pitaya high-quality and high-yield cultivation method adopting a water and fertilizer integrated fertigation technology. The method comprises the steps of screening of cultivated varieties, seedling cultivation, soil preparation, planting line and belt fabrication, bent frame building with stand columns, trickle irrigation system laying, plastic film mulching, seedling planting, irrigation, fertilization, trimming, clipping, flower thinning, fruit sorting, pest control, plastic film mulching for protection against frost and the like. According to the method, the pitaya variety of a self-pollination type is adopted as the cultivated variety, the fence planting mode and the fertigation technology are adopted, the investment in labor cost such as in pollination, weed control and fertilization is greatly saved, the lighting effect for pitaya is improved, the fertile fruit percentage is effectively raised, the fruit quality is effectively improved, the fertilizer using efficiency is raised to the maximum extent, the input-output cycle is short, the output is high, and the pitaya cultivation technology is worthy of being promoted widely.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Hylocereus undatuss technical field of cultivation, and in particular to a kind of employing water-fertilizer integral fertigation technology
Hylocereus undatuss cultivating superior high-yield method.
Background technology
Hylocereus undatuss originate in the ground such as the Brazil in Central America, Mexico, belong to Cactaeous plants, contain what is enriched in its fruit
Water solublity anthocyanidin, vitamin, mineral element and dietary fiber, also containing a kind of rare vegetable albumin of general plant,
Some heavy metal ion in human body can be removed, with very high nutritive value and economic worth.At present in Nicaragua, brother's human relations
The plantation of commercialization is realized than the country such as Asia, Israel, Vietnam and China.Taiwan and the master that Vietnam, Thailand are Asia
Producing region, the country are just to start introduction of plant in the nineties in 20th century, wherein the Folium Styracis Suberifoliae red meat kind introduced a fine variety is substantially and needs people
The kind of work supple-mentary pollination, from after 2012, south China some areas just begin with a small amount of area and are not required to human assistance awards
Powder kind plants experimentally test manufacture, but the kind planted is good and bad differing at aspects such as yield, quality and storing property.
Hylocereus undatuss start to yield positive results after planting for 12～14 months, can bloom every year 12～15 times, and 5～December is the period of growth of the crop,
Thank to 30～45 days fruit maturations after spending, enter people's best fruiting period within the 3rd year.Research has shown that Hylocereus undatuss belong to Tropical rain forest crop, should be in soil
Under the environment that the earth content of organic matter is high, nutrient is abundant and illumination is sufficient, could well grow, improve percentage of fertile fruit, yield and quality.
Actively improve the planting environment of Hylocereus undatuss by various means to obtain more preferable planting benefit for this people.
As Chinese patent (CN103503678A) discloses a kind of production management's method of Hylocereus undatuss, mainly in Hylocereus undatuss fruit
Start the layout under HUOLONG fruit tree when five～sixty percent is ripe in fact and lay white, transparent reflective membrane, the reflective membrane for leading to institute's layout is produced
Raw illumination, can effectively suppress pest and disease damage to occur, and increase substantially Hylocereus undatuss tree crown middle and lower part and interior thorax intensity of illumination, reduce
Humidity, increases the red colored area of fruit table and bright-coloured degree, increases substantially the mouthfeel of Hylocereus undatuss.Certainly, using covering ground
Film cultivation Hylocereus undatuss also have many advantages, such as improve the soil moisture in low temperature season；The leaching of reduction nutrient, loss, volatilization,
Improve the utilization rate of nutrient；The soil compaction phenomenon caused because of rain drop erosion is avoided, and loosing soil can be made, permeability is good；
Soil water evaporation is significantly decreased, maintains soil moisture stable, and moistening can be kept for a long time, be conducive to root growth；Reduce
The weeding amount of labour used；Etc..And weak point is that, as soil water evaporation is few, soil keeps moisture state for a long time, apply in irrigation
In the case of fertilizer, fertigation is slightly more easily to make soil moisture too high, causes root system development bad or rotten；Slightly cause less and easily
There is the phenomenon for doing sth. in advance aging in the plant strain growth later stage.How to accomplish to make full use of the advantage of covering with ground sheeting, be avoided which again
Deficiency, needs further research.
And for example Chinese patent (CN102948305A) discloses a kind of greenhouse cultivation method for promoting Hylocereus undatuss good quality and high output,
The method includes that the construction of booth thermal insulation facility, site preparation are done furrow, built moulding, field planting, water and fertilizer management, pruning, manually awarded
The step such as powder and flower and fruit thinning, prevention and elimination of disease and pests, overcomes traditional Hylocereus undatuss greenhouse cultivation technique high cost, yields poorly and quality
The problems such as difference, yield reach 4000kg/ mus, and facility input cost reduces by 900 yuan/mu, and its nutritive value compared with traditional method
It is significantly higher than the Hylocereus undatuss that traditional method plants out.But it is each that the main cultivation area of China's Hylocereus undatuss is concentrated mainly on south, southwest
Save, more using outdoor cropping mode, greenhouse cultivation dissemination is little.And the method with present with regard to Hylocereus undatuss cultivation technique
Documents and materials are the same, find that there are the following problems after adopting enforcement：Management recruitment is more, and (artificial supplementary pollination recruitment is more, field
Weeding recruitment is more, and fertilising recruitment is more)；Low (when imposing chemical fertilizer or fertilizer, shallow ridges is applied for fertilizer and chemical fertilizer utilization rate
Fertilizer, or be spread on the table soil of plantation row band), even part Planting household employs " water-fertilizer integral " fertigation technology,
Also be the fertigation of extensive style, thus during Hylocereus undatuss growth promoter in good time, it is appropriate with fertilizer in terms of, there is nutrition first
Plain proportioning is lacked of proper care, nutrient utilization rate is low, implement time unsuitable situation, frequently results in Hylocereus undatuss disorder, grows
Development is delayed or occurs abnormal.The final result for adopting enforcement is low annual total output, inferior quality, input and output not up in advance
Phase.
The content of the invention
It is for the deficiencies in the prior art, of the invention with water-fertilizer integral fertigation as critical high-quality, high yield technique,
And by the optimization of technique is planted to screening varieties, cultivating seedlings, plantation management etc., it is proposed that it is a kind of to be filled using water-fertilizer integral
The Hylocereus undatuss cultivating superior high-yield method of fertilizer practice is irrigate, the recruitment existed using conventional column cultivation mode is this method solved
Amount is big, utilization rate of fertilizer is low, yield poorly, poor quality and input and output do not reach the problems such as being expected.
Specifically, the Hylocereus undatuss cultivating superior high-yield method bag of employing water-fertilizer integral fertigation technology of the present invention
Include following steps：
(1) screening of cultivar：The Hylocereus undatuss kind of excellent self-pollination type is filtered out as cultivar；
(2) cultivating seedlings：Extract from selected cultivar and grown 150～380d, the green stem bar of long 15～30cm
In insertion seedling medium, cultivation is taken root；
(3) site preparation makees plantation row band：Site preparation makes the plantation row band of wide 80～100cm, high 35～50cm, then in plantation
Row takes and excavates into wide 45～55cm, the bar ditch of deep 15～20cm, and 3～4 ton/mu of fertilizer is applied in bar ditch, and mixed with soil
It is even；
(4) column builds framed bent：The concrete column that a trestle column is 250～350cm, post are stamped in plantation row strip length direction
Ground level is 120～140cm；Build framed bent；
(5) laying of drip irrigation system：Droping irrigating pipe is arranged in plantation row band, and in water supply line, fertilizer pipeline communication；
Water supply line, fertilizer pipeline are connected with cistern, the fertile pond of storage respectively；
(6) covering with ground sheeting：The all coverings of row band will entirely be planted using mulch film；
(7) nursery stock plantation：The Hylocereus undatuss nursery stock transplanting taken root will be cultivated extremely to plant in the bar ditch that row takes；The Seedling planted
Wooden spacing is 45～55cm, and on the same line with concrete column；
(8) fertigation：Hylocereus undatuss nursery stock plantation after until annual collection period the growth promoter cycle during, using battalion
Foster drip irrigation fertilizer carries out 3～10 time/month of fertigation, using microbial inoculum fertigation 1～3 time；The nutrition drip irrigation fertilizer by
The component composition of following ratio of weight and number：97～99 parts of water, 1～3 part of solubility nutrient, the solubility nutrient bag
Include the component of following ratio of weight and number：N10～35 part, P2O510～30 parts, K2O5～20 part, Ca0.1～3 part, Mg0.1～3
Part, 0.01～0.8 part of trace element；
(9) shaping and pruning；
(10) flower thinning choosing fruit；
(11) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
Now majority Hylocereus undatuss Planting households are all that, to need artificial supplementary pollination kind as cultivar, and Hylocereus undatuss are opened
Take time many at night, artificial supplementary pollination needs to carry out at night so that pollination extremely inconvenience.The present invention is up to percentage of fertile fruit
The Hylocereus undatuss kind of more than 90% self-pollination type is not required to artificial supplementary pollination, which saves not as cultivar
Few is artificial, also solves the problems, such as that recruitment is difficult.
Hylocereus undatuss are the fruit tree crops that cultivated areas are changed without within perennation growth phase, therefore, be from permanent
Angle is come the construction and improvement in place of considering Hylocereus undatuss on the spot.The construction of plantation row band builds framed bent, drip irrigation system with overlay film, column
Laying of system etc. is enforcement the inventive method and creates condition.Wherein, adopt higher plantation row band, can pre- insect-pest, also
Can effectively prevent soil moisture excessive and affect root growth and development；Overlay film to planting row band can effectively prevent which from being rushed by rainwater
Brush, causes soil moisture excessive, or directly which is damaged, while and can prevent weed growth；Column, framed bent are built
The characteristics of being cultivated according to fence is designed, with the column cultivation mode phase that a seedlings are respectively planted in four orientation of concrete column
Than, fence cultivation makes the extending space of stems of dragon fruits bar, light-receiving area bigger, hence in so that the stem bar yielded positive results is more, it is single
Strain percentage of fertile fruit is accordingly improved；Water solublity nutrient can be directly applied to Hylocereus undatuss root-room by the laying of drip irrigation system
Domain, Hylocereus undatuss root system can absorb these nutrients soon, reduce and ooze in the depths of soil layer under nutrient, improve to greatest extent
Plant recovery of nutrient.
During fertigation, carry out it is a small amount of repeatedly, to keep soil moisture, nutrient abundance to be defined, prevent from burning root, rotten
Root.Generally, Hylocereus undatuss nursery stock plantation after until collection period in the whole growth promoter cycle during, nutrition drip irrigation fertilizer drip irrigation
Depending on soil regime, clayed soil is 3～6 times/month to fertilizer application frequency, and sand loam soil is 3～10 times/month.And be to improve rhizosphere
Environment, can also carry out microbial inoculum fertigation 1～3 time.The microbial inoculum contain light and bacterium, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, actinomycetes,
The beneficial microbe coexistence and co-prosperity such as phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, Nitromonas, yeast, bacillus cereuss, can be effectively improved the rhizospheric environment of crop, promote
Crop root is flourishing, moreover it is possible to excite the natural defense mechanism of plant, suppression to kill pathogen etc., such as the limited public affairs of Qingdao Suo Feng biotechnology
The bacterium pleasure of department's production is beautiful.
Above-mentioned nutrition drip irrigation fertilizer be by water miscible N fertilizer, P fertilizer, K fertilizer, Ca fertilizer, Mg fertilizer and trace element fertilizer (as B, Fe,
Cu, Mn, Zn, Mo etc.) with antagonism principle to be grouped as proportioning mixing be put into stirring and dissolving in animal manure pond obtained in.These are water-soluble
Property fertilizer it is water-soluble containing ammonium nitrate phosphorus, calcium ammonium nitrate, magnesium nitrate, potassium sulfate, MAP, boric acid, zinc sulfate etc. respectively
Nutrition composition, can provide various nutrients for Hylocereus undatuss root system.Until the growth promoter of collection period after the plantation of Hylocereus undatuss nursery stock
Plantation nursery stock can be divided into pinch to side to stem bar trophophase (First Year is newly planted just this stage), stem bar during cycle
Stem bar (result stem bar) trophophase, side stem bar (result stem bar) are buddingged to flowering fruit phase, Fruit to fructescence four
In the individual stage, according to the uptake characters of Hylocereus undatuss different growing stage, nutrition drip irrigation fertilizer formula is adjusted, is made full use of in various nutrition
While, flourishing seedling root, guarantee growth promoter can be promoted again, yielded positive results and produced high-quality fruit.Hylocereus undatuss Seedling
To ensure to survive after wood plantation, promote the cultivation of its root growth and stem bar, using solvable containing following ratio of weight and number
The nutrition drip irrigation fertilizer formula of property nutrient：N30～35 part, P2O515～20 parts, K2O5～10 part, Ca0.5～0.8 part,
0.3～0.5 part of Mg0.2～0.5 part, trace element, carries out fertigation；Extension of root grow, tender shoots out after, Hylocereus undatuss
Into green Stem nematode developmental stage, it is to ensure side stem bar growth promoter, cultivates good result stem bar, establish the battalion of bud differentiation
Basis is supported, using the nutrition drip irrigation fertilizer formula of the solubility nutrient containing following ratio of weight and number：N30～35 part, P2O515
～20 parts, K2O5～10 part, Ca0.5～0.8 part, Mg0.2～0.5 part, 0.3～0.5 part of trace element, carry out fertigation；
In the Hylocereus undatuss flowering fruit phase, it is to ensure normal flowering fruit, promotes the development of alabastrum, improve percentage of fertile fruit, using containing as follows
The nutrition drip irrigation fertilizer formula of the solubility nutrient of ratio of weight and number：N20～25 part, P2O525～30 parts, K2O15～20 part,
Ca1～3 part, Mg1～3 part, 0.5～0.8 part of trace element carry out fertigation；In Hylocereus undatuss fruit expanding period, it is ensured that fruit
Normally expand, increase quality, using the nutrition drip irrigation fertilizer formula of the solubility nutrient containing following ratio of weight and number：N15
～20 parts, P2O520～25 parts, K2O20～25 part, Ca1～3 part, Mg1～3 part, 0.5～0.8 part of trace element, carry out drip irrigation
Fertilising.After Hylocereus undatuss terminate collection period, in the winter time into rest period, a fertilizer can be imposed, strengthen plant insulation drought resisting energy
Power, subsequently enters the growth promoter cycle of next year.
After Hylocereus undatuss plantation, the dose for controlling annual main nutrient elements is：Solvable 30～45Kg/ of nutrient nitrogen
666.7m2, 15～20Kg/666.7m of solvable nutrient phosphorus2, 30～40Kg/666.7m of solvable nutrient potassium2.Because of Hylocereus undatuss
The stem bar quantity and result quantities of annual (especially first 3 years) difference after plantation, so its demand to fertilizer is also
Difference, its fertilizer requirement are increased with increasing for stem bar quantity.
As the present invention further illustrate, step (2) cultivating seedlings be by green stem bar lower end Jing antibacterial sterilization,
Seedling medium is inserted after air-dried, immersion plant modifying agent, cultivation is taken root；Wherein, the antibacterial is Bravo wettable powder
Diluent, the plant modifying agent are root-inducing powder diluent, and the seedling medium is by including turfy soil, coconut shred, fertilizer mixing
It is obtained.
The green stem bar for extracting has dividing for upper and lower side, and upper part is used to tender shoots, grows new stem bar, end portion
Then it is used for new root.Green stem bar can ensure that nursery stock health is disease-free and quick Jing after antibacterial is sterilized, soaks plant modifying agent
Take root, and the tender shoots that green stem bar upper end grows only needs reservation 1～2, purpose is in order to cultivate the stem stalk in future.And it is described
Bravo wettable powder, root-inducing powder and turfy soil, coconut shred, fertilizer etc. are commercially available.
Used as further illustrating for the present invention, step (6) mulch film is silver-colored black mulch film.
There is lucifuge and reflective dual function using silver-colored black mulch film, wherein, lucifuge can be prevented effectively from plantation row and take
The growth of weeds, it is reflective be mainly reflected in summer during, it is to avoid because strong solar irradiation causes soil surface temperature too high, also
Hylocereus undatuss tree crown middle and lower part and interior thorax intensity of illumination can be increased substantially, percentage of fertile fruit is improved.
As the present invention further illustrate, step (4) framed bent be by be included in concrete column upper end edge plantation row band
Spiral that width is crossed and crossed, 2 iron wires that spiral two ends are connected to along plantation row strip length direction,
On concrete column top along the iron wire for planting the horizontal drawing in row strip length direction, and row strip length direction cement cylindricality two-by-two is planted on edge
Into the horizontal drawing of longitudinal surface 2～5 nylon wires composition.
50～60cm of the spiral length, the distance with concrete column top end point are 10～20cm；The iron wire is hot dip
Zinc steel wire or mould set steel wire rope.
After the plantation of Hylocereus undatuss nursery stock, the upright stem of its growth is tied up respectively and is being evenly distributed in the vertical of concrete column formation two-by-two
To on the nylon wire in the region of face, upright stem is fixed.When upright stem life is when to slightly above concrete column top iron wire, will
Side stem bar on this iron wire should be tied up when upright stem branch grows up to side stem bar and ride over connection screw thread by upright stem fixation in time
On the iron wire at reinforcing bar two ends.Carry out column build framed bent operate when, it should be noted that can not repeatedly plantation go take trample, in order to avoid
The soil compression of plantation row band, affects the permeability of soil.
Used as further illustrating for the present invention, the cultural method includes step overlay film frost protection, and the overlay film frost protection is
Using covered rearing with plastic film on framed bent, plastic sheeting takes planted Hylocereus undatuss plant hood guard by row is planted into inverted " u "-shaped
Get up.
As the present invention further illustrate, step (9) shaping and pruning be in the upright trunk diameter growth of Hylocereus undatuss extremely
Before the iron wire on concrete column top, the tender shoots sprouted on upright stem needs all to erase, and maintains single Stem nematode, treats that upright stem is slightly higher
When crossing the iron wire on concrete column top, topping treatment need to be carried out to upright stem, promote branch；In order to accompany the result stem for educating stalwartness
Bar, ensures single plant yield, and the side stem bar that upright stem branch grows up to per bar should only retain 3～4 stem bars as a result, unnecessary side
Stem bar is wiped out in time, and tender shoots is erased；After fruiting period terminates, aging overstocked nutrition stem bar will be wiped out in time, and to bear fruit compared with
Many result stem bars carry out cutting back process, cultivate healthy and strong side point stem bar in the base portion of this stem bar, as the result stem bar in the coming year.
Used as further illustrating for the present invention, step (10) the flower thinning choosing fruit is in Hylocereus undatuss florescence, per bar result
Stem bar only retains 2～4 healthy and strong alabastrums；In fruiting period, malformed fruit and dogberry are removed in time.
Used as further illustrating for the present invention, step (11) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is using low toxicity chemical agent, bionical
Agent and biological preparation prevention and elimination of disease and pests, wherein, anthrax, melasma, stem blight, Peptic Ulcerss are carried out using Prochloraz and S-Ethyl ethylthio sulfonate
Spraying preventing and treating, stem rot carry out spraying preventing and treating using network ammonia copper；Larvae of Cabbage Army Worm, bollworm are sprayed using Bacillus thuringiensis；
Nematicide, beauveria bassiana are filled using compound bio-enzyme preparation and sprays aphid, red spider；Poison is sprayed using nuclear polyhedrosis virus
Moth larvae, Spodoptera litura larvae；The dispenser methaldehyde is taken in Hylocereus undatuss plantation row to tag Limax, attractant ant trapping, property
Attractant trapping fruit fly, repellant expulsion birds and muroid.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows：
(1) fertigation technology of the present invention using water-fertilizer integral, the nutrient of nutrition drip irrigation fertilizer directly can be applied to
Hylocereus undatuss Root Distribution region, accelerates absorption of the Hylocereus undatuss to nutrient, while reducing the depth oozed under nutrient in soil layer
Place, improves plant recovery of nutrient to greatest extent.
(2) present invention plants pattern using fence, and carries out strict control to plantation density, with conventional column cultivation pattern
Compare, the stem bar of the Hylocereus undatuss plant of plantation is relative to be carried out, and the daylighting of plant is improved, and photosynthesis are strengthened, and are had
Effect improves percentage of fertile fruit and fruit quality.
(3) the inventive method saves manpower.Major embodiment has：One is the Hylocereus undatuss kind conduct using self-pollination type
Cultivar, reduces the manpower required for artificial pollination；Two is the fertigation system using automatization, greatly reduces and applies
The amount of labour used of fertilizer；Three is to plant pattern using fence, and the stem bar of Hylocereus undatuss plant is relative to be carried out, and preventing will not when implementing and pruning
Because stem bar is overlapped staggeredly and the barbed impact of stem bar causes excessive time-consuming；Four is to use covering with ground sheeting, is effectively reduced
The weeding amount of labour used.
(4) input of cost of labor is greatlyd save using the inventive method, and effectively increases the setting of Hylocereus undatuss
Rate and fruit quality, stem bar period of yielding positive results also have shifted to an earlier date, and input and output cycle is short, output are high.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of Hylocereus undatuss column of the present invention and framed bent.
Fig. 2 is Hylocereus undatuss drip irrigation system schematic diagram of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals；1- kinds plant row band；2- concrete columns；3- spirals；4- plastic steel wire ropes；5- hot-dip galvanizing steel wires；
6- nylon wires；7- Hylocereus undatuss stem bars；8- bar ditch；9- cisterns；10- first stores fertile pond；11- second stores fertile pond；12- valves；
13- suction pumps；14- water pressure gauges；15- filters；16- fertilizer pipelines；17- water supply lines；18- main pipelines；19- branch pipe(tube)s；20-
Droping irrigating pipe；21- solution drainage screens.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiments the present invention is described in further detail, the present embodiment is only to make clearer to the present invention
Illustrate, rather than limitation of the present invention.It should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art, without departing from this
On the premise of bright design, some deformations and improvement can also be made, these are within the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment
A kind of Hylocereus undatuss cultivating superior high-yield method of employing water-fertilizer integral fertigation technology, comprises the following steps：
(1) screening of cultivar：Excellent self-pollination type Hylocereus undatuss kind is filtered out as cultivar, the cultivation
Folium Styracis Suberifoliae red meat type kind " bright red " that training variety adoption Taiwan is introduced, the kind self-pollination fruiting rate are up to 90%, single fruit
500～1000g is focused on, maximum single fruit weight 1200g, average fruit focus on 65% that the fruit of more than 500g accounts for total quantity, solvable
Property solid content 18～20%, be difficult dehiscent fruit, storing property is strong, and the index such as its total output, percentage of fertile fruit and fruit quality will be than current
Main breed is high；
(2) cultivating seedlings：Extract from selected cultivar and grown 150～380d, the green stem bar of long 15～30cm,
It is used as the stem bar of cutting seedling；The prismatic fleshy stem of 1～1.5 ㎝ length of stem bar lower end is pruned, exposes the xylem of middle circle, so
After be dipped in sterilization 5min in antibacterial (75% 800 times of Bravo wettable powder liquid), taking-up is placed in 7～10d at ventilation lucifugal
It is standby；Cutting seedling is cultivated using seedling bed or seedlings nursing plate, turfy soil, coconut shred, fertilizer was hybridly prepared into into seedling medium before this,
Then the seedling medium of 5～8 ㎝ thickness is lined with seedling bed or seedlings nursing plate middle berth；The green stem bar for air-drying first is used into plant modifying agent
(1000 times of liquid of root-inducing powder) soak 8h, and then shallow embedding is in seedling medium；Seedling medium to be kept wet in the green stem bar stage of taking root
Profit, just sends good new root Jing after 25～35d；And tender shoots that green stem bar upper end grows only needs reservation 1～2 healthy and strong
Bud, remaining tender shoots will be erased, in order to cultivate following stem bar；
(3) site preparation does plantation row band (see Fig. 1)：Machinery is turned over, is leveled land, and makes width about 90cm, the kind of high about 45cm
Row band is planted, the bar ditch for excavating into width about 50cm, deep about 15cm is then taken in plantation row, fertilizer 3～4 is applied in bar ditch
Ton/mu, then fertilizer is mixed with soil；Plantation row band line space is about 270cm；
(4) column builds framed bent (see Fig. 1)：Several rows of spacing is got with boring machine on plantation row strip length direction first
The about circular hole of 300cm, for burying vertical concrete column；Cylinder of the concrete column for the cuboid or a diameter of 8cm of 8 × 8cm of section,
High 180cm, embedment under ground portion are 50cm, and post ground level is 130cm；It is horizontal in concrete column upper end edge plantation row bandwidth direction
To wearing thoroughly a small sircle hole, for crossing 1 spiral, a diameter of 10mm of the spiral, length is 55cm, with cement
The distance of capital end points is 15cm；Concrete column buries vertical good and after being plugged spiral, draws 2 ferrum along plantation row strip length direction is horizontal
Silk, plastic steel wire rope of the iron wire for diameter 4mm, and it is connected to the two ends of all spirals；Then again in cement capital
End is along one iron wire of the horizontal drawing in plantation row strip length direction, hot-dip galvanizing steel wire of the iron wire for diameter 2.4mm；Then along plantation row
3 nylon wires of the strip length direction horizontal drawing of longitudinal surface that concrete column is formed two-by-two, nylon wire about 30 ㎝ separated by a distance two-by-two；
(5) laying (see Fig. 2) of drip irrigation system：Two storage fertilizer ponds for communicating are set up, is connected by filter screen each other, the
One stores fertile pond for dissolving N, P, K and Ca for mixing, Mg fertilizer, and is provided with mixing plant, and solution is stirred,
Then by filter screen filtering solution, banish the fertile pond of the second storage；Second stores fertile pond as fertilizer liquid pool, by fertilizer pipeline and one
End connection cistern water supply line be together connected on main pipeline, main pipeline and be arranged in plantation row band in branch pipe(tube) and drop
Fill pipeline to be connected；The main pipeline is diameter 110mm, the pvc pipe of pressure 1.0MPa, and branch pipe(tube) is diameter 75mm, pressure
The pvc pipe of 0.6MPa, droping irrigating pipe are arrow drip drip irrigation pipe fitting；
(6) covering with ground sheeting：Plantation row with it is whole it is good after, whole plantation row band is covered using silver-colored black mulch film in time, with
After preventing plantation row band to be soaked with rain, cause soil moisture excessive, while weed growth is prevented, until mulch film breakage naturally
Till；Vegetative growth phase after in Hylocereus undatuss Survival rate of nursery stock, liquid manure need relatively large for seasonable, it is also possible to according to soil
Shape and soil moisture status, mulch film is cut the slope for being divided into two long block mulching plant row bands from centre, it is to avoid plantation row band
Because overfertilization causes soil moisture too high.
(7) nursery stock plantation：Water and antibacterial drip irrigation were used first once before plantation, make plantation row band into shape is moistened, then
The Hylocereus undatuss nursery stock transplanting taken root will be cultivated to planting in the bar ditch that row takes, root system overlying soil thickness is 3～4 ㎝, then will
Nursery stock is tied up on nylon wire；The nursery stock planted is spaced about 50cm, and on the same line with concrete column；
(8) fertigation：Hylocereus undatuss nursery stock plantation after until annual collection period the growth promoter cycle during, using battalion
Foster drip irrigation fertilizer carries out 5～6 time/month of fertigation, using microbial inoculum fertigation 2 times (respectively in side stem bar trophophase, fruit
Real expanding stage is applied)；The nutrition drip irrigation fertilizer is made up of the component of following ratio of weight and number：97～99 parts of water, solubility nutrition
1～3 part of element；Specifically, the solubility nutrient each component (ratio of weight and number) is as follows using proportioning situation：First Year
In the growth promoter cycle, pinch to the stem bar trophophase of side during in plantation nursery stock to stem bar trophophase and stem bar, adopt and contain
The nutrition drip irrigation fertilizer formula of the solubility nutrient of following ratio of weight and number：N30～35 part, P2O515～20 parts, K2O5～10
Part, Ca0.5～0.8 part, Mg0.2～0.5 part, 0.3～0.5 part of trace element, carry out fertigation；In side, stem bar is buddingged to opening
During flower setting phase, using the nutrition drip irrigation fertilizer formula of the solubility nutrient containing following ratio of weight and number：N20～25
Part, P2O525～30 parts, K2O15～20 part, Ca1～3 part, Mg1～3 part, 0.5～0.8 part of trace element carry out fertigation；
During Fruit to fructescence, using the nutrition drip irrigation fertilizer of the solubility nutrient containing following ratio of weight and number
Formula：N15～20 part, P2O520～25 parts, K2O20～25 part, Ca1～3 part, Mg1～3 part, 0.5～0.8 part of trace element,
Carry out fertigation；After Hylocereus undatuss terminate collection period, in the winter time into rest period, a fertilizer is imposed, strengthen plant insulation
Drought-resistant ability, subsequently enters the growth promoter cycle of next year；Second and third year growth promoter cycle each growth and development stage fertilising side
Formula is consistent with the First Year growth promoter cycle with proportioning；
(9) shaping and pruning：Before the iron wire of the upright trunk diameter growth of Hylocereus undatuss to concrete column top, sprout on upright stem
Tender shoots need all erase, maintain single Stem nematode, whne upright stem it is slightly higher cross concrete column top iron wire when, need to be to upright stem
Topping treatment is carried out, promotes branch；Treat that upright stem sends tender shoots, after growing into side stem bar, tie up in time and ride over connection screw thread steel
In the parallel iron wire at muscle two ends, this side stem is sagging grow into certain length after be result stem bar；In order to cultivate the result of stalwartness
Stem bar, ensures single plant yield, only stays 3～4 side stem bars stem bar as a result, unnecessary side stem bar to wipe out on every stem in time,
Tender shoots is erased；At the end of annual winter fruiting period, aging overstocked nutrition stem bar will be wiped out in time, and to more result of bearing fruit
Stem bar will also carry out cutting back process, cultivate healthy and strong side point stem bar in the base portion of this stem bar, as the result stem bar in the coming year；
(10) flower thinning choosing fruit：In Hylocereus undatuss florescence, develop healthy and strong result stem bar and generally occur 3 even more
Small and weak alabastrum on result stem bar is plucked by alabastrum in time, only stays 2～3 healthy and strong alabastrums；In fruiting period, per a collection of fruit
Before expanding stage, make an inspection tour to the fruitlet, dogberry for having malformed fruit or other reasonses to cause, cut off in time；
(11) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Hylocereus undatuss disease includes physiological disturbance, most to occur in high temperature and rainy season, or
The plantation region that agricultural measures are dealt with improperly；It is that every farming operation will be carried out first, when cultivating nursery stock, selects unhealthy and strong in spite of illness
Stem bar makees cuttage stem bar, adopts higher plantation row band, many organic fertilizers and enriches phosphorus, calcium, fertiliser containing magnesium, using drip irrigation without spray
Fill, in time sick stem bar in process orchard, etc.；Secondly disease pest is prevented and treated using low toxicity chemical agent, bionical dose and biological preparation
Evil, wherein, anthrax, melasma, stem blight, Peptic Ulcerss carry out spraying preventing and treating using Prochloraz and S-Ethyl ethylthio sulfonate, and stem rot is adopted
Network ammonia copper carries out spraying preventing and treating；Larvae of Cabbage Army Worm, bollworm are sprayed using Bacillus thuringiensis；Filled using compound bio-enzyme preparation
Nematicide, beauveria bassiana spray aphid, red spider；Tussock caterpillar, Spodoptera litura larvae are sprayed using nuclear polyhedrosis virus；
The dispenser methaldehyde is taken in Hylocereus undatuss plantation row to tag Limax, attractant ant trapping, sex attractant trapping fruit fly, repellent
Birds and muroid are expelled in agent；
(12) overlay film frost protection：Using covered rearing with plastic film on framed bent, plastic sheeting is taken row is planted into inverted " u "-shaped
The Hylocereus undatuss plant hood guard planted.
Further prove that the inventive method has a clear superiority compared with traditional cultivation method below by way of contrast test.Test group
The plantation of Hylocereus undatuss is carried out using the inventive method, matched group carries out the plantation of Hylocereus undatuss, per group of place using traditional column mode
10 mu of reason, experimental period are 3 years.During test, every year fruit yield, content of fruit soluble solids, facility input cost (are referred to vertical
The input cost of the facilities and equipments such as post, framed bent and droping irrigating pipe) and cost of labor (refer to that fertilising, weeding and pollination etc. manually put into
Cost) counted, final result of the test is as follows.
The Contrast on effect of 1 the inventive method of table and traditional cultivation method
By result of the test as can be seen that the annual annual production of test group Hylocereus undatuss is above matched group, especially
The high yield period of 3 years, yield have almost turned over some；The soluble solids content of test group Hylocereus undatuss is also apparently higher than matched group；Though
So test group early stage facility input cost is higher than matched group, but annual artificial input cost is below matched group, and is had year by year
Expand the trend of gap, therefore from the point of view of holistic cost input, test group is better than matched group.And, in whole process of the test,
The Fertilizer application amount of test group be less than matched group more than 50%, it was demonstrated that the utilization rate of fertilizer of the inventive method improve 50% with
On, greatly save the input of fertilizer cost.In sum, fire of the Hylocereus undatuss cultural method of the present invention using self-pollination type
Imperial fruit kind greatlys save pollination, weeding, fertilising etc. as cultivar, fence Planting pattern and fertigation technology etc.
The input of cost of labor, and Hylocereus undatuss daylighting is improved, percentage of fertile fruit and fruit quality are effectively increased, also maximum
Utilization rate of fertilizer is improve to limit, input and output cycle is short, output are high, be a kind of Hylocereus undatuss cultivation skill that should be widely promoted
Art.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of Hylocereus undatuss cultivating superior high-yield method of employing water-fertilizer integral fertigation technology, it is characterised in that include
Following steps：
(1) screening of cultivar：The Hylocereus undatuss kind of excellent self-pollination type is filtered out as cultivar；
(2) cultivating seedlings：Extract from selected cultivar and grown 150～380d, the green stem bar of long 15～30cm, will be green
Stem bar lower end is inserted in seedling medium Jing after antibacterial is sterilized, air-dries, soaking plant modifying agent, and cultivation is taken root；Wherein, it is described to kill
Microbial inoculum is Bravo wettable powder diluent, and the plant modifying agent is root-inducing powder diluent, and the seedling medium is by turf
Soil, coconut shred, fertilizer are mixed to prepare；
(3) site preparation makees plantation row band：Site preparation makes the plantation row band of wide 80～100cm, high 35～50cm, then in plantation row band
On excavate into wide 45～55cm, the bar ditch of deep 15～20cm, apply 3～4 ton/mu of fertilizer in bar ditch, and with soil mixing；
(4) column builds framed bent：The concrete column that a trestle column is 250～350cm, post ground are stamped in plantation row strip length direction
Highly it is 120～140cm；Build framed bent；
(5) laying of drip irrigation system：Droping irrigating pipe be arranged in plantation row band in, and with water supply line, fertilizer pipeline communication；Supply water
Pipeline, fertilizer pipeline are connected with cistern, the fertile pond of storage respectively；
(6) covering with ground sheeting：The all coverings of row band will entirely be planted using mulch film；The mulch film is silver-colored black mulch film；
(7) nursery stock plantation：The Hylocereus undatuss nursery stock transplanting taken root will be cultivated extremely to plant in the bar ditch that row takes；Between the nursery stock planted
Away from for 45～55cm and on the same line with concrete column；
(8) fertigation：Until during the growth promoter cycle of annual collection period, being dripped using nutrition after the plantation of Hylocereus undatuss nursery stock
Filling fertilizer carries out 3～10 time/month of fertigation, using microbial inoculum fertigation 1～3 time；The nutrition drip irrigation fertilizer is by following
The component composition of ratio of weight and number：97～99 parts of water, 1～3 part of solubility nutrient, the solubility nutrient include with
The component of lower ratio of weight and number：10～35 parts of N, P2O510～30 parts, K25～20 parts of O, 0.1～3 part of Ca, Mg 0.1～3
Part, 0.01～0.8 part of trace element；
(9) shaping and pruning；
(10) flower thinning choosing fruit；
(11) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
2. according to claim 1 using the Hylocereus undatuss cultivating superior high-yield method of water-fertilizer integral fertigation technology, its
Be characterised by, step (4) framed bent be by concrete column upper end edge plant row bandwidth direction cross and cross spiral,
Edge plantation row strip length direction is connected to 2 iron wires at spiral two ends, plants row strip length on concrete column top edge
The iron wire of the horizontal drawing in direction, and in 2～5 nylon along the horizontal drawing of longitudinal surface that concrete column is formed two-by-two of plantation row strip length direction
Line is constituted.
3. according to claim 2 using the Hylocereus undatuss cultivating superior high-yield method of water-fertilizer integral fertigation technology, its
It is characterised by, 50～60cm of the spiral length, the distance with concrete column top end point is 10～20cm；The iron wire is hot dip
Zinc steel wire or mould set steel wire rope.
4. the Hylocereus undatuss cultivating superior high-yield according to the arbitrary employing water-fertilizer integral fertigation technology of claims 1 to 3
Method, it is characterised in that the cultural method includes step overlay film frost protection, and the overlay film frost protection is to adopt covered rearing with plastic film
On framed bent, plastic sheeting takes planted Hylocereus undatuss plant hood guard by row is planted into inverted " u "-shaped.
5. according to claim 4 using the Hylocereus undatuss cultivating superior high-yield method of water-fertilizer integral fertigation technology, its
It is characterised by, step (9) shaping and pruning are before the iron wire of the upright trunk diameter growth of Hylocereus undatuss to concrete column top, uprightly
The tender shoots that sprouts on stem needs all erase, and maintains single Stem nematode, whne upright stem it is slightly higher cross concrete column top iron wire when, need
Topping treatment is carried out to upright stem, promotes branch；The side stem bar that subsequently upright stem branch grows up to should only retain 3～4 works
For result stem bar；After fruiting period terminates, aging overstocked nutrition stem bar, and the result stem bar to bearing fruit more will be wiped out in time
Cutting back process is carried out, and healthy and strong side point stem bar is cultivated in the base portion of this stem bar, as the result stem bar in the coming year.
6. according to claim 4 using the Hylocereus undatuss cultivating superior high-yield method of water-fertilizer integral fertigation technology, its
Be characterised by, step (10) flower thinning choosing fruit be in Hylocereus undatuss florescence, only retain per bar result stem bar 2～4 it is healthy and strong
Alabastrum；In fruiting period, malformed fruit and dogberry are removed in time.
7. according to claim 4 using the Hylocereus undatuss cultivating superior high-yield method of water-fertilizer integral fertigation technology, its
Be characterised by, step (11) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control be using low toxicity chemical agent and biological preparation prevention and elimination of disease and pests, wherein, charcoal
Cellulitis disease, melasma, stem blight, Peptic Ulcerss carry out spraying preventing and treating using Prochloraz and S-Ethyl ethylthio sulfonate, and stem rot is carried out using network ammonia copper
Spraying preventing and treating；Larvae of Cabbage Army Worm, bollworm are sprayed using Bacillus thuringiensis；Nematicide, ball are filled using compound bio-enzyme preparation
Beauveria bassiana sprays aphid, red spider；Tussock caterpillar, Spodoptera litura larvae are sprayed using nuclear polyhedrosis virus；In Hylocereus undatuss
Plantation row takes the dispenser methaldehyde and tags Limax, attractant ant trapping, sex attractant trapping fruit fly, repellant expulsion bird
Class and muroid.
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