CN101578954A - Planting method of sea backtherns - Google Patents
Planting method of sea backtherns Download PDFInfo
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- CN101578954A CN101578954A CNA2009100745494A CN200910074549A CN101578954A CN 101578954 A CN101578954 A CN 101578954A CN A2009100745494 A CNA2009100745494 A CN A2009100745494A CN 200910074549 A CN200910074549 A CN 200910074549A CN 101578954 A CN101578954 A CN 101578954A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method of sea backtherns. Silty loam or light silty loam having deep soil horizon, loose soil, favorable ventilation property and suitable pH of 7 to 8 is selected, the asexual propagation seedling or root shoot seedling of stingless hippophae rhamnoides L. or soft-sting hippophae rhamnoides L. of which hundred fruit grain masss is above 50g and average single plant yield is above 2Kg is taken as a planting seedling; different methods are used for land preparation according to different planting areas, male seedlings and female seedlings are planted according to the ratio of 5-8:1, female seedlings are arranged on the periphery, and male seedlings are arranged in the middle; field management is carried out during the links, such as fertilizer and water management, reasonable pruning, insect disease prevention and treatment, etc.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, relate to a kind of medicinal and cultivation method edibility crop sea-buckthorn of having.
Background technology
The Hippophne Elaeangnaceae, Hippophne, be dioecious shrub or dungarunga, contain materials such as abundant bioactivator and multivitamin, amino acid, fatty acid, trace element in the fruit of sea-buckthorn, leaf, the skin, have nourishing healthy, strengthen human physique's edible and medical value.Simultaneously, sea-buckthorn is thick with leaves, well developed root system, rapid, the drought-resistant dust storm of growth, salt tolerant alkali are barren, drive in freezing winter and in sultry summer, has significant ecological environment benefits such as conserving water and soil, check winds and fix drifting sand, improve the soil.
In recent years, along with deepening continuously of sea-buckthorn scientific research and exploitation, development and use and the plantation of expansion sea-buckthorn have become the important emerging ecological industry of forest zone masses' increase wealth.Yet, also do not have a kind of desirable planting sea-buckthorn technology at present.
Summary of the invention
The cultivation method that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of sea-buckthorn is so that the industrial scaleization of sea-buckthorn plantation.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
1). the selection soil layer is deep, the soil is porous, good air permeability, and the sandy loam of pH value 7～8 or light loam soil are as planting site.
2). select above stingless or soft thorn big fruit sea-buckthorn apogamic seedling of above, the average single plant yield 2Kg of hundred fruit quality 50g or root turion seedling as the cultivation seedling.
3). take the whole ground of diverse ways respectively at different planting sites:
To Liang Maoding, take every whole ground, sloping level hole or every whole ground, horizontal rank, slope, be 16m * 1.4m every the length on whole ground, sloping level hole * wide, spacing 0.6m, the wide 1.2m of terrace every whole ground, horizontal rank, slope is every the wide 1m in slope;
To Liang Maopo,＜25 ° domatic taked every whole ground, horizontal rank, slope, and the wide 1.2m of tailo terrace wherein is every the wide 2m in slope, length 3m; The wide 1.2m of Schattenseite terrace is every the wide 2m in slope, length 2m;＞25 ° domatic taked whole ground, isosceles triangle fish scale pit, tailo bottom width 0.8m wherein, spacing 4m * 4m, Schattenseite bottom width 0.4m, spacing 4m * 4m;
To cheuch,＜25 ° domatic taking every whole ground, horizontal rank, slope, the wide 1.2m of terrace is every the wide 1m in slope, length 2～3m;＞25 ° domatic whole ground, isosceles triangle fish scale pit, bottom width 0.8～1.0m, the spacing 0.6m of taking.
4). to being the sea-buckthorn garden of purpose to produce fruit, nursery stock seeding row spacing 2m * 4m, density 80 strain/mus; To with water and soil conservation being purpose sea-buckthorn garden, nursery stock seeding row spacing 2m * 2.5m, density 120 strain/mus are 5～8: 1 ratio cultivation according to the male and female ratio, the female plant periphery, staminiferous plant is placed in the middle.
5). carry out field management in accordance with the following methods:
Require soil moisture abundant during the A seedling planting, and according to individual plant sea-buckthorn collecting water from runoff 1～1.5m
3Irrigate;
B is according to N: P: K=1: 2: 1 ratio is carried out the rational application of fertilizer to sea-buckthorn, to satisfy the demand of sea-buckthorn to N, P, K fertilizer;
C takes and the way of leguminous plant intercropping is rationally utilized vacant lot between strain, intertills management, the intertillage degree of depth 4～5cm;
D prunes nursery stock according to the requirement of the 2nd year heading height 0.3m, and every strain keeps 3 boughs and makes skeleton branch, and removes water sprout, intersection branch, overstocked branch;
E in time removes tiller, and sea-buckthorn is carried out stump hold up strong.
The present invention is when building planting site, and also planning has forest-road, its forest-road specification width 4m that serves as theme, a line width 2m in planting site.
In the use of fertilizer, generally be according to diammonium phosphate 75～105Kg/hm
2, the 0.05～0.06Kg that spreads manuer in holes, potash fertilizer 37.5～45Kg/hm
2, the 0.02～0.03Kg that spreads manuer in holes requirement sea-buckthorn is carried out the rational application of fertilizer.
Hippophne dioecian plant, sea-buckthorn yield poorly and unstable main cause is that the male and female plant ratio is inappropriate.The present invention considers that simultaneously the wind direction of pollinating season carries out reasonable disposition to male and female plant, thereby has solved the problem of sea-buckthorn male and female reasonable disposition by determining suitable female-male proportion, obtained the stable high yield of sea-buckthorn.
For sea-buckthorn, in its cultivation management remove tiller and regularly stump to hold up strong be very necessary.Sea-buckthorn is the very strong plant of root turion, since the 3rd year, can germinate the root turion seedlings in a large number, if the untimely tiller that removes, planting site can't carry out normal management.Simultaneously, sea-buckthorn begins to wear out after growing into certain time limit, need carry out stump and hold up strong.
Utilize the sea-buckthorn of the inventive method cultivation, it is thicker all to show terrestrial stem, the tree crown circle, and growth potential is more prosperous.Aspect adaptability, it is good to grow, and the plant growing way is vigorous, and average survival is more than 85%, well developed root system, and sprout tiller strength is strong, and root nodule is more, does not see freeze injury and stripping phenomenon; Aspect the phenology characteristic, 10～20 days in advance maturing stage; Aspect economic characters, 1 year indivedual plant result after the field planting of sea-buckthorn cuttage seeding, quantity seldom, the 3rd annual bearing is more, certain economic output is arranged, 3 years average single plant yield 0.65～1.25kg of living sea-buckthorn, per mu yield 208～307kg, fruit ellipse, orange colour, mean fruit weight 0.6～0.9g, carpopodium length 0.4～0.55cm, sting less and a little less than, premunition is stronger, have the output height, fruit is big, and carpopodium is long, easily come off, thorn less and soft, the easy advantage of plucking.
Implement method for planting sea-buckthorn of the present invention, can large-scale development sea-buckthorn industry project, make sea-buckthorn cultivated area and scale obtain enlarging, increase substantially income, solve the forest zone surplus labor force, promote Development of Forestry Industry and economic prosperity.Simultaneously, sea-buckthorn is thick with leaves, well developed root system, and growth is rapid, and wind resistance fixes the sand, and has the effect that conserves water and soil and improve the soil, and can produce huge ecological effect.
Embodiment
In the period of 2005 to 2008; in the production base of 3 scales such as the empty Shan Zhen Wu Longchuan of Qinyuan County, Shanxi Province spirit village, Hua Po village, He Wangtao township, Ren Dao village, Han Hong township, introduce Russian big fruit sea-buckthorn kind---Chu Yi, orange, on the sunny side, the abundant series of strain and domestic breeding the Liao Dynasty such as A Chula, muddy gold, giant carry out the industrialization plantation.
In afforestation planning; principle according to matching species with the site and scale improvement; the project layout has been carried out the science zoning; conscientiously select soil layer deep; the soil is porous, good air permeability, the sandy loam of pH value 7～8; the light loam plot is as planting site; and planning of science activities forest-road; facilities such as shelter forest and filling draining; to the planting site that concentrate relatively in the plot, more than 4m, planned road more than the branch line 2m according to the main line width; the sea-buckthorn garden that water condition is arranged has been disposed the canal system of pouring water; the whole ground of footpath stream aggregation engineering is mainly taked in the area of no water source condition, guaranteed that the sea-buckthorn fertility needs water, simultaneously; the planting site excessive to wind speed, science have disposed tall filling and have mixed the shelterbelt of handing over.
On kind was selected, emphasis selected that fruit is big, more than hundred quality 50g, output height, more than the average single plant yield 2Kg, and the big fruit sea-buckthorn apogamic seedling or the root turion seedling of stingless or soft thorn are to guarantee former kind proterties and to distinguish male and female plant.
In arranging the afforestation construction,, mainly promoted the whole ground of footpath stream aggregation engineering, and determined land preparation mode according to different land occupation conditions respectively because most plot lacks the man-made irrigation condition.To Liang Maoding, take every whole ground, sloping level hole.Long * wide be 16m * 1.4m, spacing 0.6m; Every the wide 1.2m of horizontal rank, slope whole ground terrace, every the wide 1m in slope.To Liang Maopo, the domatic of tailo＜25 ° taked every whole ground, horizontal rank, slope, and the wide 1.2m of terrace is every the wide 2m in slope, length 3m; Domatic whole ground, isosceles triangle fish scale pit, bottom width 0.8m, the spacing 4m * 4m of taking of tailo＞25 °; The domatic of Schattenseite＜25 ° taked every whole ground, horizontal rank, slope, and the wide 1.2m of terrace is every the wide 2m in slope, length 2m; Domatic whole ground, isosceles triangle fish scale pit, bottom width 0.4m, the spacing 4m * 4m of then taking to Schattenseite＞25 °.The domatic of cheuch＜25 ° taked every whole ground, horizontal rank, slope, and the wide 1.2m of terrace is every the wide 1m in slope, length 2～3m; Cheuch＞25 ° domatic whole ground, isosceles triangle fish scale pit, bottom width 0.8～1.0m, the spacing 0.6m of taking.
In the cultivation process of sea-buckthorn, the essential standard of management.The present invention mainly catches several links such as planting density, male and female plant configuration, soil management, rich water quality management, rational pruning and prevention and elimination of disease and pests in the planting sea-buckthorn management, obtained the normalized sea-buckthorn industry of a cover and implemented the intensive management technology.
Sea-buckthorn is dioecious anemogame plant, and fruit yield and configuration mode, female-male proportion are in close relations.Female-male proportion is directly related with florescence wind direction, terrain trend, weather conditions, staminiferous plant pollen amount again.Therefore, the present invention is generally according to 5～8: 1 female-male proportion carries out the male and female collocation, the female plant periphery, and staminiferous plant is placed in the middle.
To being the sea-buckthorn garden of purpose, take nursery stock seeding row spacing 2m * 4m (standing area 8m to produce fruit
2) the specification field planting, density is 80 strain/mus; To being purpose sea-buckthorn garden with water and soil conservation, take the specification of nursery stock seeding row spacing 2m * 2.5m to plant, density is 120 strain/mus.
Water and fertilizer management is fairly obvious for the fruit yield influence of big fruit sea-buckthorn.At first, want soil moisture abundant during seedling planting.Secondly, in the area that irrigation conditions is arranged, the budding period in spring pours water 1 time, vegetative period 2 times, goes into preceding 1 time of winter; The area of non-irrigated condition, according to the individual plant collecting water from runoff at 1.3m
3About requirement carried out whole ground.Sea-buckthorn is about 1: 2: 1 to the demand percentage of N, P, K fertilizer, in fertilizer uses, according to phosphate fertilizer (diammonium phosphate) 75～105Kg/hm
2, the 0.05～0.06Kg that spreads manuer in holes, potash fertilizer 37.5～45Kg/hm
2, the rational application of fertilizer is carried out in the requirement of the 0.02～0.03Kg that spreads manuer in holes.
In order rationally to utilize vacant lot between strain, by taking the way with the leguminous plant intercropping, strengthen sea-buckthorn kind planting management, both effectively controlled weed growth and insect grows, reached the effect of intertillage management again.
Aspect tree-like pruning, the heading height in the 2nd year of nursery stock is advisable with 0.3m, and every strain keeps 3 boughs and makes skeleton branch, and annual spring, winter at first cut off deadwood, sick branch, rotten branch behind the result, remove water sprout, intersection branch, overstocked branch then.
Needing also in the cultivation process that sea-buckthorn is removed tiller holds up strong with regular stump.Sea-buckthorn is the very strong plant of root turion, since the 3rd year, will germinate the root turion seedling in a large number, and as the untimely tiller that removes, planting site can't carry out normal management.Begin to wear out after sea-buckthorn grows into certain time limit simultaneously, also need to carry out stump and hold up strong.
Through continuous 4 years production test and science management, 10000 mu of Russian big fruit sea-buckthorn economic forest have been built up, mu surplus entering the full bearing period 6000 at present, by 260 kilograms of calculating of average every per mu yield fresh fruit, produce 1560000 kilograms in fresh fruit per year, in 2 yuan of per kilogram market prices, can create surplus the output value 312 ten thousand yuan every year.Also formed the production scale of asexual cuttage seeding 400,000 strains of the qualified Russian big fruit sea-buckthorn seedling of annual cultivation simultaneously, with 0.6 yuan of calculation of price of the qualified seedling of every strain, every year, only the nursery stock income from sales can reach 240,000 yuan.
Result of the test also proves, adopts cultivation method of the present invention, and the florescence of sea-buckthorn has improved than in the past 10～20 days, 3 years average single plant yield 0.65～1.25Kg of living sea-buckthorn, mean fruit weight 0.6～0.9g, carpopodium length 0.4～0.55cm, per mu yield can reach 208～307Kg, has the output height with local sea-buckthorn ratio, fruit is big, and carpopodium is long, easily comes off, thorn less and soft, the easy advantage of plucking.
Claims (6)
1, the cultivation method of a kind of sea-buckthorn comprises:
1). the selection soil layer is deep, the soil is porous, good air permeability, and the sandy loam of pH value 7～8 or light loam soil are as planting site;
2). select above stingless or soft thorn big fruit sea-buckthorn apogamic seedling of above, the average single plant yield 2Kg of hundred fruit quality 50g or root turion seedling as the cultivation seedling;
3). planting site is put in order ground;
4). according to the male and female ratio is 5～8: 1 the ratio cultivation seedling of planting, the female plant periphery, staminiferous plant is placed in the middle;
5). carry out field management in accordance with the following methods:
Require soil moisture abundant during the A seedling planting, and according to individual plant sea-buckthorn collecting water from runoff 1～1.5m
3Irrigate;
B is according to N: P: K=1: 2: 1 ratio is carried out the rational application of fertilizer to sea-buckthorn, to satisfy the demand of sea-buckthorn to N, P, K fertilizer;
C takes and the way of leguminous plant intercropping is rationally utilized vacant lot between strain, intertills management;
D prunes nursery stock according to the requirement of the 2nd year heading height 0.3m, and every strain keeps 3 boughs and makes skeleton branch, and removes water sprout, intersection branch, overstocked branch;
E in time removes tiller, and sea-buckthorn is carried out stump hold up strong.
2, method for planting sea-buckthorn according to claim 1 is characterized in that the method for planting site being put in order ground is:
To Liang Maoding, take every whole ground, sloping level hole or every whole ground, horizontal rank, slope, be 16m * 1.4m every the length on whole ground, sloping level hole * wide, spacing 0.6m, the wide 1.2m of terrace every whole ground, horizontal rank, slope is every the wide 1m in slope;
To Liang Maopo,＜25 ° domatic taked every whole ground, horizontal rank, slope, and the wide 1.2m of tailo terrace wherein is every the wide 2m in slope, length 3m; The wide 1.2m of Schattenseite terrace is every the wide 2m in slope, length 2m;＞25 ° domatic taked whole ground, isosceles triangle fish scale pit, tailo bottom width 0.8m wherein, spacing 4m * 4m, Schattenseite bottom width 0.4m, spacing 4m * 4m;
To cheuch,＜25 ° domatic taking every whole ground, horizontal rank, slope, the wide 1.2m of terrace is every the wide 1m in slope, length 2～3m;＞25 ° domatic whole ground, isosceles triangle fish scale pit, bottom width 0.8～1.0m, the spacing 0.6m of taking.
3, method for planting sea-buckthorn according to claim 1 is characterized in that described specification of planting the cultivation seedling is: to being the sea-buckthorn garden of purpose to produce fruit, and nursery stock seeding row spacing 2m * 4m, density 80 strain/mus; To with water and soil conservation being purpose sea-buckthorn garden, nursery stock seeding row spacing 2m * 2.5m, density 120 strain/mus,
4, method for planting sea-buckthorn according to claim 1 is characterized in that in planting site planning has forest-road, its forest-road specification width 4m that serves as theme, a line width 2m.
5, method for planting sea-buckthorn according to claim 1 is characterized in that with diammonium phosphate 75～105Kg/hm
2, the 0.05～0.06Kg that spreads manuer in holes, potash fertilizer 37.5～45Kg/hm
2, the 0.02～0.03Kg that spreads manuer in holes requirement sea-buckthorn is applied fertilizer.
6, method for planting sea-buckthorn according to claim 1 is characterized in that the intertillage degree of depth of described intertillage management is 4～5cm.
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| CNA2009100745494A CN101578954A (en) | 2009-06-26 | 2009-06-26 | Planting method of sea backtherns |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103181297A (en) * | 2013-04-16 | 2013-07-03 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Planting method of big-fruit hippophae rhamnoides suitable for mechanized harvesting in high and cold area |
| CN103583185A (en) * | 2013-10-17 | 2014-02-19 | 固镇县淮鸿灰天鹅养殖专业合作社 | Technical method for sea-buckthorn afforestation |
| CN104488655A (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2015-04-08 | 苏州市吴中区光福香雪苗圃 | Sago cycas planting method |
| CN105210788A (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2016-01-06 | 新疆林业科学院 | Arid biogeographic zone big fruit sea-buckthorn breeding long shoot cuttage fast seedling-cultivating method |
| CN106665249A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-05-17 | 安徽省田丰牧业科技有限公司 | Method for breeding Dangshan pear root sucker seedling stocks |
| CN106665250A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-05-17 | 安徽省田丰牧业科技有限公司 | Cultivation method of apple root sucker stock |
| CN106718600A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-05-31 | 安徽省田丰牧业科技有限公司 | A kind of yellow peach root turion seedling method for culturing seedlings |
| CN108307913A (en) * | 2018-03-21 | 2018-07-24 | 江孜县林业局 | Hippophne seedling plants breeding method |
| CN109089704A (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2018-12-28 | 临江市智强种植养殖农民专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of winter fruit sea-buckthorn |
| CN111448935A (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2020-07-28 | 青海康普生物科技股份有限公司 | Planting, replanting and managing method for sea buckthorn forest |
-
2009
- 2009-06-26 CN CNA2009100745494A patent/CN101578954A/en active Pending
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103181297A (en) * | 2013-04-16 | 2013-07-03 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Planting method of big-fruit hippophae rhamnoides suitable for mechanized harvesting in high and cold area |
| CN103583185A (en) * | 2013-10-17 | 2014-02-19 | 固镇县淮鸿灰天鹅养殖专业合作社 | Technical method for sea-buckthorn afforestation |
| CN104488655A (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2015-04-08 | 苏州市吴中区光福香雪苗圃 | Sago cycas planting method |
| CN105210788A (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2016-01-06 | 新疆林业科学院 | Arid biogeographic zone big fruit sea-buckthorn breeding long shoot cuttage fast seedling-cultivating method |
| CN106665249A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-05-17 | 安徽省田丰牧业科技有限公司 | Method for breeding Dangshan pear root sucker seedling stocks |
| CN106665250A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-05-17 | 安徽省田丰牧业科技有限公司 | Cultivation method of apple root sucker stock |
| CN106718600A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-05-31 | 安徽省田丰牧业科技有限公司 | A kind of yellow peach root turion seedling method for culturing seedlings |
| CN108307913A (en) * | 2018-03-21 | 2018-07-24 | 江孜县林业局 | Hippophne seedling plants breeding method |
| CN109089704A (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2018-12-28 | 临江市智强种植养殖农民专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of winter fruit sea-buckthorn |
| CN111448935A (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2020-07-28 | 青海康普生物科技股份有限公司 | Planting, replanting and managing method for sea buckthorn forest |
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Open date: 20091118 |