CN107306646B

CN107306646B - High-quality dragon fruit planting method

Info

Publication number: CN107306646B
Application number: CN201710668617.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 莫永忠
Original assignee: Guangxi Jinfu Agriculture Co ltd
Current assignee: GUANGXI JINFU AGRICULTURE Co.,Ltd.
Priority date: 2017-08-08
Filing date: 2017-08-08
Publication date: 2020-07-07
Anticipated expiration: 2037-08-08
Also published as: CN107306646A

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-quality pitaya planting method which comprises the steps of building a breeding base, planting seedlings, building stand columns, nursing in a flowering phase, nursing in a fruiting phase and nursing in a later period. The cultivation base is deeply dug into cultivation pits, the cultivation pits are divided into cultivation rows and grooves by partition walls, the partition walls are built by water-permeable materials, and the thickness of the partition walls is 5-20 cm. The method constructs the culture base for the dragon fruits, effectively and accurately controls the soil moisture, is more beneficial to the growth and the propagation of the dragon fruits, has good durability, and can generate economic benefits for a long time. According to the method, the soil structure layer comprising the rubble layer, the coarse sand layer, the mixed soil layer and the fine sand layer is constructed according to the characteristics of the root system of the dragon fruit, the root system can effectively absorb water and nutrients, meanwhile, the humidity of the soil is kept, and the root system is prevented from being rotten. The dragon fruit cultivation base is provided with the organic fertilizer and the liquid fertilizer, is more suitable for the growth of the dragon fruit, is more suitable for the cultivation mode of the dragon fruit, and is beneficial to improving the cultivation efficiency.

Description

High-quality dragon fruit planting method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of dragon fruit planting, in particular to a high-quality dragon fruit planting method.

Background

Dragon fruits are succulent plants that have climax for many years. The plant has no main root, the lateral roots are distributed in the superficial soil layer in large quantity, and simultaneously, a plurality of aerial roots are generated, so that the plant can grow in a climbing manner. Due to long-term growth in tropical desert regions, the leaves have degenerated and the photosynthesis function is taken over by the stems. The inside of the stem is a large number of parenchyma cells saturated with viscous liquid, which is beneficial to absorbing as much water as possible in rainy season. The buds contain a large number of compound buds and mixed bud primordia, and can be extracted into leaf buds and flower buds. In the early development stage of flower buds, the flower buds can be transformed into leaf buds under the condition of proper temperature. And the top tissue of the vigorously growing branch can also be used for generating flower buds under proper conditions.

The traditional dragon fruit planting method generally comprises the steps of site selection, support frame building, seedling raising, transplanting, growth nursing, flowering nursing, fruiting nursing, pruning, page cutting, disease control and the like. Patent application No. 201410161152.X discloses a pitaya planting method, which comprises address selection, seedling raising, sub-planting, growth period, flowering and pollination, fruiting, branch trimming and disease control. The dragon fruit planting method has the advantages of being natural, pollution-free, low in cost, high in income, economical, practical, capable of conforming to growth rules, careful in whole process, capable of achieving staged cultivation and the like. Although this patent discloses a general method of planting dragon fruits, it does not do so finely in the detailed processing such as the site selection and construction of the planting site, or the results. Moreover, the quality of the dragon fruit obtained by planting is not good due to insufficient control of soil moisture, selection of fertilizer and irradiation of sunlight.

Therefore, it is an urgent need to solve the problem of designing a planting method capable of improving the planting efficiency and quality of the dragon fruits.

Disclosure of Invention

It is an object of the present invention to address at least the above-mentioned deficiencies and to provide at least the advantages which will be described hereinafter.

To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a high quality pitaya planting method, comprising the steps of:

constructing a culture base, selecting a planting land with flat terrain as the culture base, dividing the culture base into a plurality of culture units with the length of 15-20 meters and the width of 5-10 meters, deeply digging the culture units downwards for 0.5-0.9 meter to form culture pits, and keeping original soil dug out of the culture units for later use; deep digging is beneficial to water storage management, and meanwhile, the original soil is reserved to be beneficial to maintaining the soil structure and the growth of plants.

The raw soil is treated by the following steps: removing surface soil of 0-20 cm, and airing the remaining soil in the sun for 1-2 days to obtain cultivation soil; the surface soil of 0-20 cm contains various impurities, undecomposed industrial products and more heavy metals, the cultivation soil can be cleaner after being removed, and meanwhile, the airing is helpful for killing parasites.

Flattening and compacting the bottom of the culture pit, so that the bottom of the culture pit is horizontal or slightly inclined by 1-5 degrees along the length direction; building partition walls along the length direction of the culture pit, wherein the partition walls divide the culture pit into a plurality of culture rows with the width of 0.8-1.2 m, grooves with the width of 0.1-0.3 m are formed between the culture rows, and the partition walls are built by water permeable materials so as to keep the water between the grooves and the culture rows permeable; the compaction can prevent that moisture from running off from the bottom to southern's soil is mostly red soil after certain degree of depth, and these red soil viscidity are high, are difficult to permeate water after the compaction, fill fertilizer cultivation soil in breeding the line, and the slot can let in liquid fertilizer and moisture, is convenient for fertilize and irrigate and manage.

Paving a gravel layer with the thickness of 0.1-0.2 m at the bottom of the cultivation row, paving a coarse sand layer with the thickness of 0.1-0.2 m on the gravel layer, paving mixed soil with the thickness of 0.3-0.5 m on the coarse sand layer, wherein the mixed soil is a mixture of the cultivation soil and an organic fertilizer, and paving a fine sand layer with the thickness of 0.01-0.02 m above the mixed soil; wherein the particle size of the broken stone is 2-5 cm, the particle size of the coarse sand is 0.5-1 cm, and the particle size of the fine sand is 0.05-0.2 cm; the rubble layer is rich in more mineral matter element, prevents simultaneously that the upper strata from sinking, and the coarse sand layer can be held water, prevents simultaneously that the nutrient element on upper strata from running off, and mixed soil can provide nutrition for the fruit tree, and the fine sand layer can provide ventilation performance.

Planting seedlings, namely sowing the seedlings on the cultivation rows to obtain seedlings, culturing the seeds into the seedlings by using a traditional method, or obtaining the seedlings by using a traditional cutting propagation method, or obtaining the seedlings by using a traditional grafting propagation method, firstly spraying moisture on the surfaces of the cultivation rows, taking the surface moisture as the standard, then spraying a bactericide once at a regular dose, after 5-8 hours, planting the seedlings on the cultivation rows at the temperature of 23-28 ℃ in the afternoon or in the evening according to a proper interval to avoid dehydration caused by high temperature in the noon, starting spraying water two days later, spraying water once in the morning until water drops are sprayed on the surfaces of the seedlings, continuing for 10-15 days, spraying a layer of organic fertilizer which is not thicker than 1 cm on the seedlings after 15 days to avoid covering the organic fertilizer seedlings, adjusting the water spraying time to 5-7 days, and spraying the organic fertilizer once every month later, until the seedling grows into a sapling; the saplings are about 0.5-1 m, and the next stage can be carried out when the saplings grow up.

Step three, establishing upright columns, vertically fixing the upright columns beside each sapling to enable the saplings to grow upwards along the upright columns, and connecting the upright columns through metal wires to keep stable; continuously scattering organic fertilizer once a month, and spraying water once a week until the young trees grow to blossom; after flowering, the saplings have matured to grow into fruit trees.

Nursing in the flowering period, namely stopping scattering organic fertilizer after the young trees bloom, spraying atomized water to the young trees once every afternoon to improve air humidity, wherein the amount of sprayed water cannot drop petals until the flowering period is finished; maintaining air humidity facilitates pollination. Entering the fruiting period after blossom.

Step five, nursing in a fruiting period, stopping spraying water after the flowering period is finished, stopping scattering the organic fertilizer, introducing the liquid fertilizer into the groove once every 3-4 days until the fruits are ripe 8-10 days, and picking the fruits after the fruits are ripe; the water spraying is stopped, so that the water intake is controlled, the excessive water absorption of the fruits is avoided, the sweetness is reduced, and the fruit trees are easy to break due to the excessive water absorption; the groove is used for supplementing the liquid fertilizer, the control of water filling is facilitated, the water filling is stopped 8-10 days before the fruit is ripe, the fruit ripening can be obviously accelerated, the sweetness is rapidly improved due to the fact that the water is less absorbed in the fruit, and the flavor is more sufficient.

And step six, performing later-stage nursing, after picking fruits, pruning branches, and paving organic fertilizer with the thickness of at least 2 centimeters and fine sand with the thickness of 0.5-1 centimeter on the cultivation rows. The fine sand can prevent the organic fertilizer from running off along with rainwater.

Preferably, in the high-quality dragon fruit planting method, the water permeable material comprises red bricks, blue bricks or tiles, and the thickness of the partition wall is 5-20 cm. The bricks have excellent water permeability, and a plurality of waste bricks and waste tiles detached from old houses in suburbs in south China effectively utilize resources and reduce cost.

Preferably, in the high-quality dragon fruit planting method, the depth of the groove is 0.3-0.5 m, a plurality of thin pipes are arranged at the bottom of the groove in parallel at equal intervals, the thin pipes penetrate through the partition wall and are inserted into the mixed soil, and the calibers of the thin pipes are 0.1-1 cm. The depth of the groove corresponds to the mixed soil layer or is slightly shallower than the mixed soil, so that the water or fertilizer in the groove can permeate into the mixed soil and be absorbed by the roots of the fruits.

Preferably, in the high-quality dragon fruit planting method, the groove is inclined along the length direction, the inclination is 1-2 degrees, the higher side of the groove is communicated with a water pump, the lower side of the groove is communicated to a water outlet through a water pipe, and the water outlet is formed in the bottom of the culture pit. Under the action of gravity, liquid fertilizer or water can automatically flow from one end of the cultivation row to the other end of the cultivation row, so that the whole cultivation row is irrigated.

Preferably, in the method for planting the high-quality dragon fruits, in the fifth step, the liquid fertilizer is automatically pumped into the groove by using the water pump; the preparation method of the liquid fertilizer comprises the following steps:

mixing pig manure, chicken manure, cow manure and water according to a mass ratio of 1:1:1:5, standing and fermenting for 30-40 days to obtain a fermentation stock solution;

burning out peanut straws or soybean straws to obtain plant ash; the leguminous plants are rich in selenium element, and the plant ash is alkalescent.

Mixing 10-15 parts by weight of plant ash, 60-65 parts by weight of fermentation stock solution, 3-5 parts by weight of potash fertilizer, 10-15 parts by weight of phosphate fertilizer and 5-6 parts by weight of magnesium fertilizer, and then adjusting the pH to 7.5-8 by using quick lime to obtain the liquid fertilizer. The pH value is helpful for the absorption of selenium element.

Preferably, in the high-quality dragon fruit planting method, the upper part of the groove is sealed by a support plate, a light reflecting device is arranged on the support plate, the light reflecting device is of a triangular structure, the bottom surface of the light reflecting device is fixed on the support plate, two side surfaces are light reflecting surfaces and respectively irradiate the breeding rows, and the included angles between the two side surfaces and the bottom surface are not more than 60 degrees. Dragon fruit tree branch is many, and down hangs down, leads to the dragon fruit of growing on the branch to obtain the shining of sunshine, and the look of fruit is not good, and sweetness is not high, obtains more sufficient sunshine for the fruit, sets up the reflex reflector in the top of slot, and sunshine jets on the reflex reflector after from the top, shoots on the dragon fruit from the below, forms that one method carries out sunshine to the dragon fruit and toasts, guarantees that the dragon fruit is more red more gorgeous.

Preferably, in the high-quality dragon fruit planting method, the crushed stone layer comprises 40% of the baked brick fragments, 40% of the crushed tiles and 20% of the crushed stones in percentage by mass. The tiles and the tiles are helpful for water absorption and filtration, and the broken stones can be supplemented with mineral substances.

Preferably, in the high-quality pitaya planting method, the organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

40-50 parts of rice straw, 15-20 parts of chicken manure, 15-20 parts of pig manure, 15-20 parts of cow manure, 40-50 parts of water, 20-25 parts of mud brick and 15-20 parts of tile or green brick fragment; the formula has high nitrogen content, and is helpful for promoting the growth of saplings.

And is prepared by the following method:

crushing the rice straw; mixing and crushing the mud bricks and the tiles or the green brick fragments into mixed particles with the particle size of 0.5-1.5 cm; the mud brick itself contains more nutrient elements, and tile and blue or green brick piece are porous structure, can make the fertilizer conglobate after mixing with the fertilizer, and its downthehole part nutrient substance that has absorbed reaches the slowly-releasing effect during the fertilization. The particle size is helpful for releasing the nutrient substances in the pores, and avoids waste.

And mixing and stirring the obtained rice straw, the mixed particles, the chicken manure, the pig manure, the cow manure and water uniformly, stacking and fermenting for 30-40 days, and spreading and airing until the water content is 10-15% to obtain the organic fertilizer. The low water content is the water in the tile pores is discharged, and more nutrient substances enter the pores.

Preferably, in the high-quality dragon fruit planting method, after the end of the post-nursing, the dragon fruit trees are watered only by using the grooves without spraying water on the dragon fruit trees after the next growth cycle. At the moment, the system of the cultivation base plays a role, the groove can be used for replenishing water in both the flowering period and the fruiting period, the control and management are convenient, the sufficient nutrition supply of the fruit trees is ensured in the mode of watering and filling the fertilizer in the groove and spreading the organic fertilizer on the cultivation lines, the water spraying assistance is carried out only in the high-temperature drought period, and meanwhile, the drought state is properly manufactured, the growth of root systems is promoted, and the branches are promoted to be more solid.

The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:

the unique culture base is constructed for the dragon fruits, the base effectively and accurately controls the soil moisture, the growth and the propagation of the dragon fruits are facilitated, the durability of the culture base is good, and the economic benefit can be generated for a long time.

According to the method, the soil structure layer comprising the rubble layer, the coarse sand layer, the mixed soil layer and the fine sand layer is constructed according to the characteristics of the root system of the dragon fruit, the root system can effectively absorb water and nutrients, meanwhile, the humidity of the soil is kept, and the root system is prevented from being rotten.

The dragon fruit cultivation base is provided with the organic fertilizer and the liquid fertilizer, is more suitable for the growth of the dragon fruit, is more suitable for the cultivation mode of the dragon fruit, and is beneficial to improving the cultivation efficiency.

Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a square cross-sectional view of a farming unit according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a side cross-sectional view of a culture unit according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.

As shown in figures 1 and 2, the depth of the culture pit in the culture unit is 0.5-0.9 m, the culture pit is divided by a partition wall to form culture rows 1 and grooves 2, the grooves 2 are clamped between every two culture rows 1, the storehouse of the culture rows is 0.8-1.2 m independently, the width of the grooves is 0.1-0.3 m, the culture rows 1 sequentially comprise a gravel layer 3, a coarse sand layer 4, a mixed soil layer 5 and a fine sand layer 6 from bottom to top, and the depth of the grooves is equal to or less than the depth of the mixed soil, so that water or fertilizer at the bottoms of the grooves can permeate into the mixed soil from the side parts. As shown in figure 2, the groove can be slightly inclined, so that water and fertilizer can conveniently flow to the other end from one end of the cultivation row, the inclination of the groove is 1-2 degrees, the deposition of the water and the fertilizer at the lower end of the cultivation row is avoided, a water outlet is arranged in the cultivation pit at the lower end of the cultivation row, and the accumulated water in the cultivation pit can be conveniently emptied. A water pump is arranged at one end of the breeding line, and the water pump is communicated with the groove and is filled with water to drink fertilizer.

Example 1

The method comprises the steps of firstly, constructing a culture base, selecting a planting land with a flat terrain as the culture base, dividing the culture base into a plurality of culture units with the lengths of 20 meters and the widths of 10 meters, digging 0.9 meter of the culture units downwards to form culture pits, and keeping original soil dug out of the culture units for later use. The raw soil is treated by the following steps: removing the surface soil of 20 cm, and sun-drying the residual soil for 2 days to obtain the culture soil. Flattening and compacting the bottom of the culture pit, so that the bottom of the culture pit is horizontal or slightly inclined by 1 degree along the length direction; building partition walls along the length direction of the culture pits, wherein the partition walls divide the culture pits into a plurality of culture rows with the width of 0.8 meter, grooves with the width of 0.1 meter are formed between the culture rows at intervals, and the partition walls are built by water permeable materials so as to keep the water between the grooves and the culture rows to be permeable; paving a gravel layer with the thickness of 0.1 meter at the bottom of the cultivation row, paving a coarse sand layer with the thickness of 0.1 meter on the gravel layer, paving mixed soil with the thickness of 0.3 meter on the coarse sand layer, wherein the mixed soil is a mixture of the cultivation soil and an organic fertilizer, and paving a fine sand layer with the thickness of 0.01 meter above the mixed soil; the particle size of the broken stone is 2 cm, the particle size of the coarse sand is 0.5 cm, and the particle size of the fine sand is 0.05 cm.

Step two, seedling planting, namely seeding on the culture rows to obtain seedlings, wherein the conventional method can be used for culturing the seeds into the seedlings, or selecting a traditional cutting propagation method to obtain seedlings, or using a traditional grafting propagation method to obtain the seedlings, firstly spraying moisture on the surfaces of the culture rows, the surface is thoroughly wetted, the dose of spraying the bactericide for one time is a conventional dose, after 5 hours, the seedlings are planted on the cultivation row in the afternoon or in the evening with the air temperature of 23 ℃ according to a proper interval, the dehydration caused by high temperature at noon is avoided, the water spraying is started after two days, the water is sprayed once in the morning every day until water drops are sprayed on the surfaces of the seedlings, the water spraying lasts for 15 days, after 15 days, a layer of organic fertilizer with the thickness not more than 1 cm is sprayed on the seedlings, and the seedlings are prevented from being covered by the organic fertilizer, adjusting the water spraying time to 5 days, and spraying organic fertilizer once a month later until the seedlings grow into young trees; the saplings are about 0.5 m, and the next stage can be performed when the saplings grow up.

Step five, nursing in the fruiting period, stopping spraying water and spraying organic fertilizer after the flowering period is finished, introducing liquid fertilizer once every 3 days by using the groove until the liquid fertilizer is stopped 8 days before the fruits are ripe, and picking the fruits after the fruits are ripe; the water spraying is stopped, so that the water intake is controlled, the excessive water absorption of the fruits is avoided, the sweetness is reduced, and the fruit trees are easy to break due to the excessive water absorption; the groove is used for supplementing the liquid fertilizer, the control of water filling is facilitated, the water filling is stopped 8-10 days before the fruit is ripe, the fruit ripening can be obviously accelerated, the sweetness is rapidly improved due to the fact that the water is less absorbed in the fruit, and the flavor is more sufficient.

And step six, performing later-stage nursing, namely after the fruits are picked, pruning the branches, and paving organic fertilizer with the thickness of 2 centimeters and fine sand with the thickness of 0.5 centimeter on the cultivation rows. The fine sand can prevent the organic fertilizer from running off along with rainwater.

Example 2

The method comprises the steps of firstly, constructing a culture base, selecting a planting land with a flat terrain as the culture base, dividing the culture base into a plurality of culture units with the lengths of 20 meters and the widths of 10 meters, digging 0.5 meter of the culture units downwards to form culture pits, and keeping original soil dug out of the culture units for later use. The raw soil is treated by the following steps: removing the surface soil of 10 cm, and sun-drying the residual soil for 1 day to obtain the culture soil. Flattening and compacting the bottom of the culture pit, so that the bottom of the culture pit is horizontal or slightly inclined by 1 degree along the length direction; building partition walls along the length direction of the culture pits, wherein the partition walls divide the culture pits into a plurality of culture rows with the width of 0.8 meter, grooves with the width of 0.1 meter are formed between the culture rows at intervals, and the partition walls are built by water permeable materials so as to keep the water between the grooves and the culture rows to be permeable; paving a gravel layer with the thickness of 0.1 meter at the bottom of the cultivation row, paving a coarse sand layer with the thickness of 0.1 meter on the gravel layer, paving mixed soil with the thickness of 0.3 meter on the coarse sand layer, wherein the mixed soil is a mixture of the cultivation soil and an organic fertilizer, and paving a fine sand layer with the thickness of 0.01 meter above the mixed soil; the particle size of the broken stone is 2 cm, the particle size of the coarse sand is 0.5 cm, and the particle size of the fine sand is 0.05 cm.

Step two, seedling planting, namely seeding on the culture rows to obtain seedlings, wherein the conventional method can be used for culturing the seeds into the seedlings, or selecting a traditional cutting propagation method to obtain seedlings, or using a traditional grafting propagation method to obtain the seedlings, firstly spraying moisture on the surfaces of the culture rows, the surface is thoroughly wetted, the dose of spraying the bactericide for one time is a conventional dose, after 5 hours, the seedlings are planted on the cultivation row in the afternoon or in the evening with the air temperature of 23 ℃ according to a proper interval, the dehydration caused by high temperature at noon is avoided, the water spraying is started after two days, the water is sprayed once in the morning every day until water drops are sprayed on the surfaces of the seedlings, the water spraying lasts for 10 days, after 15 days, a layer of organic fertilizer with the thickness not more than 1 cm is sprayed on the seedlings, and the seedlings are prevented from being covered by the organic fertilizer, adjusting the water spraying time to 5 days, and spraying organic fertilizer once a month later until the seedlings grow into young trees; the saplings are about 0.5 m, and the next stage can be performed when the saplings grow up.

Step five, nursing in the fruiting period, stopping spraying water and spraying organic fertilizer after the flowering period is finished, introducing liquid fertilizer once every 3 days by using the groove until the liquid fertilizer is stopped 8 days before the fruits are ripe, and picking the fruits after the fruits are ripe; the water spraying is stopped, so that the water intake is controlled, the excessive water absorption of the fruits is avoided, the sweetness is reduced, and the fruit trees are easy to break due to the excessive water absorption; the use of the grooves for supplementing the liquid fertilizer is beneficial to control of water filling, and the water filling is stopped 80 days before the fruit ripens, so that the fruit ripens obviously, the sweetness is improved quickly because the water in the fruit is less, and the flavor is more sufficient.

And step six, performing later-stage nursing, namely after the fruits are picked, pruning the branches, and paving organic fertilizer with the thickness of at least 2 centimeters and fine sand with the thickness of 0.5 centimeter on the cultivation rows. The fine sand can prevent the organic fertilizer from running off along with rainwater.

Example 3

Mixing pig manure, chicken manure, cow manure and water according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1:5, standing and fermenting for 30 days to obtain a fermentation stock solution; burning out peanut straws or soybean straws to obtain plant ash. Mixing 100 kg of plant ash, 600 kg of fermentation stock solution, 30 kg of potassium fertilizer, 100 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 50 kg of magnesium fertilizer in parts by weight, and then adjusting the pH to 8 by using quicklime to obtain the liquid fertilizer.

Example 4

Mixing pig manure, chicken manure, cow manure and water according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1:5, standing and fermenting for 40 days to obtain a fermentation stock solution; burning out peanut straws or soybean straws to obtain plant ash; the leguminous plants are rich in selenium element, and the plant ash is alkalescent. According to the weight portion, 15 kg of plant ash, 65 kg of fermentation stock solution, 5 kg of potash fertilizer, 15 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 6 kg of magnesium fertilizer are mixed, and then quicklime is used for adjusting the pH value to 7.5, so that the liquid fertilizer is obtained. The pH value is helpful for the absorption of selenium element.

Example 5

Preparing a liquid fertilizer: mixing pig manure, chicken manure, cow manure and water according to a mass ratio of 1:1:1:5, standing and fermenting for 40 days to obtain a fermentation stock solution; burning out peanut straws or soybean straws to obtain plant ash; the leguminous plants are rich in selenium element, and the plant ash is alkalescent. According to the weight portion, 15 kg of plant ash, 65 kg of fermentation stock solution, 5 kg of potash fertilizer, 15 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 6 kg of magnesium fertilizer are mixed, and then quicklime is used for adjusting the pH value to 7.5, so that the liquid fertilizer is obtained.

Preparing an organic fertilizer: 40 kg of rice straw, 15 kg of chicken manure, 15 kg of pig manure, 15 kg of cow manure, 40 kg of water, 20 kg of mud brick and 15 kg of tile; crushing the rice straw; mixing and crushing the mud bricks and the tiles or the green brick fragments into mixed particles with the particle size of 0.5 cm; and mixing and stirring the obtained rice straw, the mixed particles, the chicken manure, the pig manure, the cow manure and water uniformly, stacking and fermenting for 30 days, and spreading and airing until the water content is 10% to obtain the organic fertilizer.

Example 6

Preparing an organic fertilizer: 50 kg of rice straw, 20 kg of chicken manure, 20 kg of pig manure, 20 kg of cow manure, 50 kg of water, 25 kg of mud brick and 20 kg of green brick fragments; crushing the rice straw; mixing and crushing the mud bricks and the tiles or the green brick fragments into mixed particles with the particle size of 1.5 cm; and mixing and stirring the obtained rice straw, the mixed particles, the chicken manure, the pig manure, the cow manure and water uniformly, stacking and fermenting for 40 days, and spreading and airing until the water content is 15% to obtain the organic fertilizer.

While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not intended to be limited to the uses set forth in the specification and examples. It can be applied to all kinds of fields suitable for the present invention. Additional modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art. It is therefore intended that the invention not be limited to the exact details and illustrations described and illustrated herein, but fall within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. A high-quality dragon fruit planting method comprises the following steps:

constructing a culture base, selecting a planting land with flat terrain as the culture base, dividing the culture base into a plurality of culture units with the length of 15-20 meters and the width of 5-10 meters, deeply digging the culture units downwards for 0.5-0.9 meter to form culture pits, and keeping original soil dug out of the culture units for later use;

the raw soil is treated by the following steps: removing surface soil of 0-20 cm, and airing the remaining soil in the sun for 1-2 days to obtain cultivation soil;

flattening and compacting the bottom of the culture pit, so that the bottom of the culture pit is horizontal or slightly inclined by 1-5 degrees along the length direction; building partition walls along the length direction of the culture pits, wherein the partition walls divide the culture pits into a plurality of culture rows with the width of 0.8-1.2 m, grooves with the width of 0.1-0.3 m are formed between the culture rows, the partition walls are built by water permeable materials, the water permeable materials comprise red bricks, green bricks or tiles, and the thickness of the partition walls is 5-20 cm so as to keep the water between the grooves and the culture rows permeable;

paving a gravel layer with the thickness of 0.1-0.2 m at the bottom of the cultivation row, paving a coarse sand layer with the thickness of 0.1-0.2 m on the gravel layer, paving mixed soil with the thickness of 0.3-0.5 m on the coarse sand layer, wherein the mixed soil is a mixture of the cultivation soil and an organic fertilizer, and paving a fine sand layer with the thickness of 0.01-0.02 m above the mixed soil; wherein the particle size of the broken stone is 2-5 cm, the particle size of the coarse sand is 0.5-1 cm, and the particle size of the fine sand is 0.05-0.2 cm;

the depth of the groove is 0.3-0.5 m, a plurality of thin tubes are arranged at the bottom of the groove in parallel at equal intervals, the thin tubes penetrate through the partition wall and are inserted into the mixed soil, and the calibers of the thin tubes are 0.1-1 cm; the groove is inclined along the length direction, the inclination is 1-2 degrees, the higher side of the groove is communicated with a water pump, the lower side of the groove is communicated to a water outlet through a water pipe, and the water outlet is formed in the bottom of the culture pit; the upper part of the groove is sealed by a support plate, a light reflecting device is arranged on the support plate, the light reflecting device is of a triangular structure, the bottom surface of the light reflecting device is fixed on the support plate, two side surfaces are light reflecting surfaces and are respectively shot to the breeding rows, and the included angles between the two side surfaces and the bottom surface are not more than 60 degrees;

step two, planting seedlings, namely sowing the seedlings on the cultivation rows to obtain seedlings, or selecting cutting propagation to obtain seedlings, or using grafting propagation to obtain seedlings, firstly spraying moisture on the surfaces of the cultivation rows, then spraying a bactericide once, after 5-8 hours, planting the seedlings on the cultivation rows at the afternoon or evening with the temperature of 23-28 ℃ according to a proper interval, spraying water twice later, spraying water once in the morning for 10-15 days, spraying a layer of organic fertilizer which is not thicker than 1 cm on the seedlings after 15 days, adjusting the spraying water to 5-7 days, and spraying the organic fertilizer once every month later until the seedlings grow into young trees;

step three, establishing upright columns, vertically fixing the upright columns beside each sapling to enable the saplings to grow upwards along the upright columns, and connecting the upright columns through metal wires to keep stable; continuously scattering organic fertilizer once a month, and spraying water once a week until the young trees grow to blossom;

nursing in the flowering period, namely stopping scattering organic fertilizer after the young trees bloom, and spraying atomized water to the young trees once every afternoon to improve the air humidity until the flowering period is finished;

step five, nursing in a fruiting period, stopping spraying water after the flowering period is finished, stopping scattering the organic fertilizer, introducing the liquid fertilizer into the groove once every 3-4 days until the fruits are ripe 8-10 days, and picking the fruits after the fruits are ripe;

step six, performing later-stage nursing, namely after picking fruits, pruning branches, and paving organic fertilizer with the thickness of at least 2 centimeters and fine sand with the thickness of 0.5-1 centimeter on the cultivation rows;

in the fifth step, the liquid fertilizer is automatically pumped into the groove by using the water pump; the preparation method of the liquid fertilizer comprises the following steps:

burning out peanut straws or soybean straws to obtain plant ash;

mixing 10-15 parts by weight of plant ash, 60-65 parts by weight of fermentation stock solution, 3-5 parts by weight of potash fertilizer, 10-15 parts by weight of phosphate fertilizer and 5-6 parts by weight of magnesium fertilizer, and then adjusting the pH to 7.5-8 by using quick lime to obtain the liquid fertilizer;

the gravel layer comprises 40% of baked brick fragments, 40% of crushed tiles and 20% of crushed stones in percentage by mass;

the organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

40-50 parts of rice straw, 15-20 parts of chicken manure, 15-20 parts of pig manure, 15-20 parts of cow manure, 40-50 parts of water, 20-25 parts of mud brick and 15-20 parts of tile or green brick fragment;

and is prepared by the following method:

crushing the rice straw; mixing and crushing the mud bricks and the tiles or the green brick fragments into mixed particles with the particle size of 0.5-1.5 cm;

mixing and stirring the obtained rice straw, the mixed particles, the chicken manure, the pig manure, the cow manure and water uniformly, stacking and fermenting for 30-40 days, and spreading and airing until the water content is 10-15% to obtain the organic fertilizer;

and after the post-nursing is finished and the dragon fruit tree is subjected to the next growth cycle, the water is not sprayed to the fruit tree any more, and only the groove is used for watering.