CN103404266B - Propagation method of bletilla striata - Google Patents
Propagation method of bletilla striata Download PDFInfo
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- CN103404266B CN103404266B CN201310336950.7A CN201310336950A CN103404266B CN 103404266 B CN103404266 B CN 103404266B CN 201310336950 A CN201310336950 A CN 201310336950A CN 103404266 B CN103404266 B CN 103404266B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a propagation method of bletilla striata. The propagation method comprises the following steps: selecting and tidying a field; preparing seedling raising substrate; filling the seedling raising substrate in trays, preserving pods, treating seeds, seeding, raising seedling, managing the field and toughening seedlings. The propagation method is simple, feasible, low in cost, fast in seedling emergence, suitable for the planting of bletilla striata in the Qinba mountain area and the areas south of the Qinba mountain area and easy to popularize, and can fully meet the requirements of large-area large-scale seedling raising. The propagation method overcomes the difficulty that germinating is difficult for seeds under the natural conditions because the seeds are small and do not have endosperm, and opens up a new approach for the fast sexual propagation of the bletilla striata.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to medicinal plant artificial planting technique field, be specifically related to the field planting method of Endangered Medicinal Herb bletilla.
Background technology
Bletilla (Bletilla striata), for the orchid family bletilla belongs to herbaceos perennial, is 2 grades of endangered plants of country, the another name bletilla striata, purple blue.Mainly be distributed in the areas such as Guizhou on the south China Qinling Mountains, Hubei, Southern Shaanxi.General evergreen broad-leaved sylvan life of being born in 100～3200 meters of height above sea level, in roadside thick grass or rock seam more.Its root-like stock is white in color, several being connected, therefore named bletilla or white root.
Bletilla platymiscium approximately has 6 kinds, is distributed in East Asia, to Burma, and China is main producing region, has four kinds, is respectively magnificent bletilla, little bletilla, bletilla and chrysanthemum bletilla, and all can be used as medicine.Bletilla is medicinal with dry tuber, there is effect of astringing to arrest bleeding, clearing heat and promoting diuresis, detumescence and promoting granulation, be widely used in clinically the illnesss such as treatment hemoptysis, haematemesis, traumatism and bleeding, sore swollen toxin, pulmonary tuberculosis hemoptysis, ulcer haemorrhage, there are very large commodity development potentiality.Simultaneously it is orchid one, again by extensively as a kind of flowers, there is good ornamental value.
At present, bletilla rises to large product by little three classes.But the report that has no field production at present both at home and abroad, utilizes the also little of seed sowing.Its main cause is: 1. the current provenance of bletilla seed is rare, the domestic bletilla base that there is no standardized planting.2. the seminal propagation of bletilla is one of technical barrier at present.Only have this technology of breakthrough, just have sufficient amount seedling for bletilla construction of base, the utilization of bletilla resource industrialized developing could obtain raw material support.It is at present domestic that to bletilla planting technology, research also belongs to the starting stage.
In bletilla fruit pod, there are a large amount of seeds, in each fruit pod, have seed 10～300,000, there is sprouting ability but also only there are several ten thousand.So carry out at present the people of bletilla division propagation and be the people of group training a lot, but above two kinds of mode output are very limited, reproduction coefficient is low, and can not form scale, the imbalance between supply and demand that finally solves bletilla also needs to carry out implant mass by sowing in the field technology.
Summary of the invention
It is low that technical problem to be solved by this invention is to overcome bletilla tradition division propagation coefficient, and the shortcomings such as tissue culture method Character instability and production cost height, and a kind of propagation method of the bletilla that just can complete in common land for growing field crops is provided.
Solving the problems of the technologies described above adopted technical scheme is made up of following step:
1, the selection in field and arrangement
Selecting annual precipitation to reach more than 14 DEG C and the water source of 800～1200mm, average temperature of the whole year facilitates the field in region to build plastic tunnel, rake is ploughed in soil in booth extremely defincienct in the upper and excessive in the lower, smooth extremely without clod, play low ridge, row spacing 150～200cm, dark 20～the 25cm in ridge, Polypropylence Sheet on tiling on ridge sprinkles insecticide between the surrounding of Polypropylence Sheet and soil.
2, preparation seedling medium sabot
Be that 5～30:5～25:5～10:1:3～8 mix with humus, Nutrition Soil, chicken manure, turfy soil according to volume ratio by the bark powder of fermenting, gained mixture and carbendazim fully mix for 1000:5 by volume, be mixed with seedling medium, the seedling medium preparing is filled to seedling culture hole plate, seedling culture hole plate is laid in ridge, flattens compacting, in ridge, discharge water, seedling medium is thoroughly irrigated, soak 3～6 days.
3, the preservation of fruit pod
Select rear 18～20 weeks ages of embryo of pollination and grow full bletilla fruit pod, bletilla fruit pod is packed in ox-hide bag and dried in the shade, after drying in the shade, be embedded in fine sand, be kept at cool place, dry, lucifuge place.
4, the processing of seed
Select between the annual Ching Ming Festival to the Dragon Boat Festival, the bletilla fruit pod strip off of preserving is taken out to seed, seed is soaked 5～12 hours in the methyl α-naphthyl acetate aqueous solution of 0.5mg/L, taking-up is blotted with blotting paper, is that 10000:1 mixture, seed are that 50:1 fully mixes thoroughly according to volume ratio by the mass ratio of talcum powder and methyl α-naphthyl acetate.
5, sow and grow seedlings
The seed of mixing is sowed on the dish of cave, and sowing density is 3～5g/m
2, on the seed of sowing, spread one deck ash, on each ridge, take arc plastic greenhouse, sow and watered once every 3 days after one week.
6, field management and strong sprout
Treat that bletilla seedling grows 1 true leaf, spray weekly di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate amine aqueous solution 2～3 times, treat that bletilla seedling grows 2 true leaves, arc plastic greenhouse on ridge is opened to 1/3, after 1～2 day, open 2/3, all opened after 1～2 day, sooner or later respectively spray water 1 time and keep ventilating in booth every day, air themperature exceedes 35 DEG C and costs double-layered sunshade net to booth, monthly sprays penicillin 1 time in booth; Treat that bletilla seedling grows 4～5 true leaves, spray nutrient solution 1 time every first quarter moon.
In the selection in field of the present invention and arrangement step 1, described insecticide is enemy worm prestige, and by Nanchang, Wei Di chemicals company provides.
In preparation seedling medium of the present invention sabot step 2, volume ratio the best of the bark powder of described fermentation and humus, Nutrition Soil, chicken manure, turfy soil is 15:20:8:1:5; Described seedling culture hole plate is 70 hole seedling culture hole plates preferably, and the back cut diameter of seedling culture hole plate is that 5cm, base diameter are that 1.5cm, cave are 5cm deeply.
In the treatment step 4 of seed of the present invention, preferably seed is soaked 8～12 hours in the methyl α-naphthyl acetate aqueous solution of 0.5mg/L.
In field of the present invention management and strong sprout step 6, the mixture that the preferred emerald green luxuriant chitin of described nutrient solution and bacterium adpedance agent volume ratio are 2:1, provided by Chemical Group Co., Ltd of Swiss Confederation, when use, the bacterium adpedance agent of luxuriant kingfisher of 20mL chitin and 10mL is added in 20L water, mix 1 mu of ground of rear sprinkling.
The inventive method is simple, with low cost, and bletilla seed sprouting speed is fast, be applicable to Qin bar mountain area and on the south region, and be convenient to promote, can meet the needs of large area, scale breeding completely.The inventive method overcome bletilla plant because of seed tiny, there is no endosperm, extremely difficult predicament of sprouting under field conditions (factors), for the quick sexual propagation of bletilla opens up a new way, not only there is the double meaning of producing with economically, can also solve traditional hydroponics reproduction coefficient low, the present situation that growing-seedling period is long simultaneously.The inventive method is applicable equally for the orchid family other plant.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is plant figure after embodiment 1 bletilla is sowed 105 days.
Fig. 2 is the Local map of embodiment 1 bletilla sowing plant after 105 days.
Fig. 3 is the plant figures of embodiment 2 bletilla sowings after 105 days.
Fig. 4 is the plant figures of embodiment 3 bletilla sowings after 105 days.
Fig. 5 is the plant figures of embodiment 4 bletilla sowings after 105 days.
Fig. 6 is the plant figures of embodiment 5 bletilla sowings after 105 days.
Fig. 7 is the plant figures of embodiment 6 bletilla sowings after 105 days.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and example, the present invention is described in more detail, but the invention is not restricted to these embodiment.
Embodiment 1
1, the selection in field and arrangement
Select annual precipitation to reach more than 14 DEG C and the water source of 800～1200mm, average temperature of the whole year and build the long plastic tunnel for 100m, the wide 20m of being in the field in eternally happy town, Zhenan County, Shangluo City, Shaanxi Province easily, rake is ploughed in soil in booth extremely defincienct in the upper and excessive in the lower, smooth extremely without clod, play low ridge, row spacing 150～200cm, dark 20～the 25cm in ridge, Polypropylence Sheet on tiling on ridge sprinkles insecticide enemy worm prestige between the surrounding of Polypropylence Sheet and soil.
2, preparation seedling medium sabot
Be that 15:20:8:1:5 mix with humus, Nutrition Soil, chicken manure, turfy soil according to volume ratio by the bark powder of fermenting, gained mixture and carbendazim fully mix for 1000:5 by volume, be mixed with seedling medium, the seedling medium preparing is filled to 70 hole seedling culture hole plates, and the back cut diameter of seedling culture hole plate is that 5cm, base diameter are that 1.5cm, cave are 5cm deeply, and seedling culture hole plate is laid in ridge, flatten compacting, in ridge, discharge water, matrix is thoroughly irrigated, soak 6 days.
3, the preservation of fruit pod
Select rear 18～20 weeks ages of embryo of pollination and grow full bletilla fruit pod, bletilla fruit pod is packed in ox-hide bag and dried in the shade, after drying in the shade, be embedded in fine sand, be kept at cool place, dry, lucifuge place.
4, the processing of seed
The Ching Ming Festival of selection to during the Dragon Boat Festival, the bletilla fruit pod strip off of preserving is taken out to seed, in the methyl α-naphthyl acetate aqueous solution that is 0.5mg/L in quality-volumetric concentration by seed, soak 12 hours, taking-up is blotted with blotting paper, is that 10000:1 mixture, seed are that 50:1 fully mixes thoroughly according to volume ratio by the mass ratio of talcum powder and methyl α-naphthyl acetate.
5, sow and grow seedlings
The seed of mixing is poured on 60 object sieves, beats screen edges seed is evenly sowed on seedling culture hole plate with waddy, sowing density is 3～5g/m
2, on the seed of sowing, spread one deck ash, on each ridge, take arc plastic greenhouse, make arc plastic greenhouse top apart from stromal surface 30cm, sow and watered once every 3 days after one week, while watering, gently plastic greenhouse is opened, spray water with sprayer.Seed just has sprouting phenomenon about 7～10 days, is embodied in seed imbibition, and has green appearance.
6, field management and strong sprout
Sow after 28～30 days, occur a slice cotyledon at protocorm top, sow after 45～60 days, grow the 1st true leaf at the protocorm top corresponding another side of cotyledon, then spray weekly quality-volumetric concentration and be the di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate amine aqueous solution 2～3 times of 0.2g/L.After two weeks, bletilla seedling grows 2 true leaves, the arc plastic greenhouse of taking on ridge is first opened to 1/3, after 1～2 day, open 2/3, all opened after 1～2 day, sooner or later respectively spray water 1 time and keep ventilating in booth every day, when exceeding 35 DEG C, air themperature costs double-layered sunshade net to booth, owing to easily forming extensive grey and green fungal microbe in booth, therefore give in booth and monthly spray penicillin 1 time, the procreation of Antifungi quasi-microorganism, when spraying penicillin and generally selecting that noon, temperature was higher, and carry out totally-enclosed to booth, and then canopy wall and airborne microorganism are carried out to sterilizing.Sow after 105～120 days, bletilla seedling grows 4～5 true leaves, its lepisphere diameter stem can reach 1cm, spray nutrient solution 1 time every first quarter moon, nutrient solution is the mixture that emerald green luxuriant chitin and bacterium adpedance agent volume ratio are 2:1, provided by Chemical Group Co., Ltd of Swiss Confederation, when use, the bacterium adpedance agent of luxuriant kingfisher of 20mL chitin and 10mL is added in 20L water, mix 1 mu of ground of rear sprinkling.
The plant figure of the present embodiment bletilla planting seed after 105 days is shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.As seen from the figure, emerging of bletilla is better, and plant individuality is larger, and growing way is very fast, robust plant.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is that 5:25:5:1:8 mix with humus, Nutrition Soil, chicken manure, turfy soil according to volume ratio by the bark powder of fermenting, gained mixture and carbendazim fully mix for 1000:5 by volume, be mixed with seedling medium, other steps are identical with embodiment 1.The plant figure of bletilla planting seed after 105 days is shown in Fig. 3.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment is that 30:5:10:1:3 mix with humus, Nutrition Soil, chicken manure, turfy soil according to volume ratio by the bark powder of fermenting, gained mixture and carbendazim fully mix for 1000:5 by volume, be mixed with seedling medium, other steps are identical with embodiment 1.The plant figure of bletilla planting seed after 105 days is shown in Fig. 4.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment is that 15:20:8:1:5 mix with humus, Nutrition Soil, chicken manure, turfy soil according to volume ratio by the bark powder of fermenting, gained mixture and carbendazim fully mix for 1000:5 by volume, be mixed with seedling medium, the seedling medium preparing is filled to 72 hole seedling culture hole plates, the upper bore of seedling culture hole plate is that 4cm × 4cm, bottom bore are that 2cm × 2cm, cave are 4.5cm deeply, seedling culture hole plate is laid in ridge, flatten compacting, in ridge, discharge water, matrix is thoroughly irrigated, soak 3 days.Other steps are identical with embodiment 1.The plant figure of bletilla planting seed after 105 days is shown in Fig. 5.
Embodiment 5
During the present embodiment is selected the Ching Ming Festival to the Dragon Boat Festival, the bletilla fruit pod strip off of preserving is taken out to seed, in the methyl α-naphthyl acetate aqueous solution that is 0.5mg/L, soak 5 hours seed in quality-volumetric concentration, other steps are identical with embodiment 4.The plant figure of bletilla planting seed after 105 days is shown in Fig. 6.
Embodiment 6
During the present embodiment is selected the Ching Ming Festival to the Dragon Boat Festival, the bletilla fruit pod strip off of preserving is taken out to seed, in the methyl α-naphthyl acetate aqueous solution that is 0.5mg/L, soak 8 hours seed in quality-volumetric concentration, other steps are identical with embodiment 4.The plant figure of bletilla planting seed after 105 days is shown in Fig. 7.
Claims (6)
1. a propagation method for bletilla, is characterized in that it is made up of following step:
(1) selection in field and arrangement
Selecting annual precipitation to reach more than 14 DEG C and the water source of 800～1200mm, average temperature of the whole year facilitates the field in region to build plastic tunnel, rake is ploughed in soil in booth extremely defincienct in the upper and excessive in the lower, smooth extremely without clod, play low ridge, row spacing 150～200cm, dark 20～the 25cm in ridge, Polypropylence Sheet on tiling on ridge sprinkles insecticide between the surrounding of Polypropylence Sheet and soil;
(2) preparation seedling medium sabot
Be that 5～30:5～25:5～10:1:3～8 mix with humus, Nutrition Soil, chicken manure, turfy soil according to volume ratio by the bark powder of fermenting, gained mixture and carbendazim fully mix for 1000:5 by volume, be mixed with seedling medium, the seedling medium preparing is filled to seedling culture hole plate, seedling culture hole plate is laid in ridge, flattens compacting, in ridge, discharge water, seedling medium is thoroughly irrigated, soak 3～6 days;
(3) preservation of fruit pod
Select after pollination 18～20 weeks ages of embryo and grow full bletilla fruit pod, packing into after drying in the shade in ox-hide bag and be embedded in fine sand, being kept at cool place, being dried, lucifuge place;
(4) processing of seed
Select between the annual Ching Ming Festival to the Dragon Boat Festival, the bletilla fruit pod strip off of preserving is taken out to seed, seed is soaked 5～12 hours in the methyl α-naphthyl acetate aqueous solution of 0.5mg/L, taking-up is blotted with blotting paper, is that 10000:1 mixture, seed are that 50:1 fully mixes thoroughly according to volume ratio by the mass ratio of talcum powder and methyl α-naphthyl acetate;
(5) sow and grow seedlings
The seed of mixing is sowed on the dish of cave, and sowing density is 3～5g/m
2, on the seed of sowing, spread one deck ash, on each ridge, take arc plastic greenhouse, sow and watered once every 3 days after one week;
(6) field management and strong sprout
Treat that bletilla seedling grows 1 true leaf, sprays weekly di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate amine aqueous solution 2～3 times; Treat that bletilla seedling grows 2 true leaves, the arc plastic greenhouse on ridge is opened after 1/3,1～2 days and opened 2/3, all opened after 1～2 day, sooner or later respectively spray water 1 time and keep ventilating in booth every day, and air themperature exceedes 35 DEG C and costs double-layered sunshade net to booth, monthly sprays penicillin 1 time in booth; Treat that bletilla seedling grows 4～5 true leaves, spray nutrient solution 1 time every first quarter moon;
Above-mentioned nutrient solution is the mixture that emerald green luxuriant chitin and bacterium adpedance agent volume ratio are 2:1.
2. the propagation method of bletilla according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the selection in described field and arrangement step (1), insecticide is enemy worm prestige.
3. the propagation method of bletilla according to claim 2, is characterized in that: in described preparation seedling medium sabot step (2), the volume ratio of the bark powder of fermenting and humus, Nutrition Soil, chicken manure, turfy soil is 15:20:8:1:5.
4. the propagation method of bletilla according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: in described preparation seedling medium sabot step (2), seedling culture hole plate is 70 hole seedling culture hole plates, and the back cut diameter of seedling culture hole plate is that 5cm, base diameter are that 1.5cm, cave are 5cm deeply.
5. the propagation method of bletilla according to claim 3, is characterized in that: in the treatment step (4) of described seed, seed is soaked 8～12 hours in the methyl α-naphthyl acetate aqueous solution of 0.5mg/L.
6. the propagation method of bletilla according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described field management and step in strong sprout (6), the quality-volumetric concentration of di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate amine aqueous solution is 0.2g/L.
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| 利用人工种子技术快速繁殖白及;李伟平等;《中国中药杂志》;20121130;第37卷(第22期);3386-3390 * |
| 李伟平等.利用人工种子技术快速繁殖白及.《中国中药杂志》.2012,第37卷(第22期),3386-3390. |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106416984A (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2017-02-22 | 遵义联谷农业科技有限公司 | Rhizoma bletillae seedling culture substrate |
| CN108834800A (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2018-11-20 | 湖南衡岳中药饮片有限公司 | A kind of method of bletilla seed seedling-raising |
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| CN103404266A (en) | 2013-11-27 |
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