CN104521705A - Cultivating and conserving method for facility strawberries - Google Patents
Cultivating and conserving method for facility strawberries Download PDFInfo
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- CN104521705A CN104521705A CN201410734361.9A CN201410734361A CN104521705A CN 104521705 A CN104521705 A CN 104521705A CN 201410734361 A CN201410734361 A CN 201410734361A CN 104521705 A CN104521705 A CN 104521705A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivating and conserving method for facility strawberries. The cultivating and conserving method includes the following steps of: 1, preparation of matrix; 2, sterilization of matrix; 3, transplanting of seedlings; 4, management on temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration, fertilizer, microelements, honeybee pollination and pest control after transplanting. The invention completes the whole technical process of the planting of the strawberries, and makes detail data requirements on each link, and lays a theoretical foundation for cultivating and planting of facility strawberries, thus having practical significance; the strawberries cultivated by the method has the soluble solid content of 12-13%, high in glossiness, rigid in fruit and thick in fruit favor.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of economic crop cultivation, be specifically related to a kind of Plant technique method of facility strawberry.
Background technology
Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Dutch.) is the rose family (Rosaceae) Fragaria (Fragaria) perennial root berry fruits, and strawberry berry fragrance succulence, nutritious, deeply by consumers.Along with the raising of people's living standard and the consumption consciousness, requirement that is nuisanceless to fruit, pollution-free, high-quality is more and more stricter.Winter strawberry be dull season fruit supply treasure, effectively filled up the neutral gear in fresh fruit market as fruits in season, and strawberry fruit is bright in colour, good looking appearance, mixes plant greenery, very has ornamental value.In addition, the strawberry production cycle is short and be suitable for cultivating in the facility such as greenhouse by solar heat, plastic tunnel, and in the process of development high-efficiency agriculture, strawberry economic benefit and social benefit are all quite high, and therefore, developing strawberry produces the optimumitem having become new agricultural development.At present, winter strawberry production extensively adopts film booth open country cropping pattern, though can avoid atmospheric pollution, dust etc., due to strawberry continuous cropping easy infection damage by disease and insect, is difficult to reach high-quality requirement.High-level cultivating strawberry is planted by open country and transfers solid growth to, be cultivation mode emerging in recent years, it has by soil condition restriction, reduce soil-borne disease that continuous cropping causes, be convenient to control strawberry growing environment and water-fertilizer conditioning, conveniently go sightseeing the advantages such as harvesting, clean hygiene.
But, because facility cultivation strawberry is all different from open country plantation strawberry in light, temperature, water, fertilizer etc., maintenance of plant management can not be carried out according to existing mode.In prior art, describe more to aspects such as facility cultivation strawberry cultivating, routine servicing and water and fertilizer managements, but still there is many deficiencies, as: lack the maintenance etc. in after flower bud differentiation process, seedling replanting one week.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to above-mentioned weak point and provide a kind of Plant technique method of facility strawberry, by to cultivation base Quality Research, transplant the control of outside environmental elements such as selection, temperature, humidity, illumination of seedling and the supply etc. of the management of rich water and trace element, the whole technological process of perfect strawberry cultivating has made concrete data demand to each link, theoretical foundation has been established in popularization for facility strawberry cultivating and growing, has practical significance.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A Plant technique method for facility strawberry, comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of matrix
By the peat composed of rotten mosses: vermiculite powder: the weight ratio preparation matrix of coconut palm chaff=5:3:2;
(2) matrix sterilization
Add in cultivation matrix by calcium cyanamide by the consumption of 20kg/ mu, mixing, fine-spraying belt is laid on stromal surface, then covering with plastic film, opens fine-spraying belt and matrix is soaked, be as the criterion with water content 90%;
(3) transplantation of seedlings is planted
The core of promotion flower bud differentiation is low temperature, short-day sunshine treatment, and this work can be carried out in nursery base, and specific practice is: full lucifuge after at 4 in afternoon, lower the temperature with air-cooler or air-conditioning, lower than ambient temperature 10 DEG C, process more than 30 days continuously, flower bud differentiation rate can reach more than 80%, waits to transplant seedlings;
Transplanting time: by the end of August at the beginning of-9 months;
Select the standard of seedling: there is 5-6 sheet expanded leaves, the thick 1-1.5cm of collar, the heavy 25g-30g of seedling complete stool, root heavily account for complete stool heavy 1/3;
Before transplanting, with the polyoxin of 1000-1200 times of liquid or the chitin leaching root 1-3h of 500 times of liquid;
The substrate temperature of cultivation seedling is less than 30 DEG C;
Transplanting spacing is spacing in the rows 20cm, line-spacing 15cm, and the back of a bow outwards, does not bury the heart, shallow not crab rooting deeply;
(4) management after transplanting
A, temperature
Seedling-slowing stage: daytime is 25-28 DEG C, night is 15-20 DEG C;
After slow seedling: daytime is 26-30 DEG C, and night is 15-20 DEG C;
In squaring period: daytime is 25-28 DEG C, night is 15-20 DEG C;
Yield positive results the phase: daytime is 20-25 DEG C, night is 15-20 DEG C;
Fruit expanding period: daytime is 15-23 DEG C, night is 15-20 DEG C;
The fruit harvest phase: daytime is 15-23 DEG C, night is 10-25 DEG C;
B, humidity
Seedling-slowing stage: 60-70%;
After slow seedling: 60-90%;
Squaring period: 20-30%;
Yield positive results the phase: keep more than 70% before 12 noon, drying of windowing afternoon, medial humidity is 60-70%;
Fruit expanding period: 60-70%;
The fruit harvest phase: 60-70%;
C, CO
2concentration
Daytime indoor CO
2concentration is 700-1000ppm, and night is 400-600ppm;
D, rich water
Seedling-slowing stage: 25g root-growing agent, 50g are sprayed after breathing out time Trichoderma and the mixing of 30kg water, sprays and once recovers to seedling for 7 days;
After slow seedling: spray after how anti-for 25g MnZn, 25g root-growing agent and 15kg water are mixed, within 10 days, spray and once launch to young leaves;
Yield positive results the phase: the high potassium type rich water using 1000 times of liquid for one week, N:P:K=15:15:30;
Bear fruit successfully: the lion acanthaceous indigo high phosphorus foliage fertilizer spraying a 600-1000 times of liquid every 10-15 days, spray 2-3 time altogether, sprayed the instant potassium sulfate of a 200-300 times of liquid simultaneously every 10-15 days, spray 3-4 time altogether;
E, trace element
From buddingging, sprayed the micro-fertilizer of multi-element chelate of a 1500-3000 times of liquid every 10-15 days;
F, honeybee pollination
20% the flowers are in blossom when putting, and puts into honeybee, every 1000m
2place one, beehive, a built-in 2-3 honeybee;
G, diseases and pests controlling
Trichoderma or the waxy Bacillus of 1500 times of liquid within every 7 days, is sprayed, continuous spraying 2 times after transplanting;
Transplant to Second Year March, every 7-10 days sprays the Osthole of 300 times of liquid, the cnidium monnieri-Su Yun bacterium of 300 times of liquid, the Physcion of 300 times of liquid, and during each medication, two kinds of mixed and alternates are used;
Adopted Cosan to fumigate before florescence, 1 week once simultaneously;
April, adopt the Kang Ji Trichoderma of 300 times of liquid to fill with once root, often within 7-10 days, spray the Osthole of 300 times of liquid, the cnidium monnieri-Su Yun bacterium of 300 times of liquid, the Physcion of 300 times of liquid, during each medication, two kinds of mixed and alternates were used simultaneously to May.
The Plant technique method of a kind of facility strawberry provided by the invention, has following beneficial effect:
(1) the whole technological process of perfect strawberry cultivating has made concrete data demand to each link, and theoretical foundation has been established in the popularization for facility strawberry cultivating and growing, has practical significance.
(2) Content of Soluble Solid Substance of Strawberry adopting the method cultivation is 12-13%, and glossiness is high, fruit matter is hard, fruit thick flavor.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
A Plant technique method for facility strawberry, comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of matrix
By the peat composed of rotten mosses: vermiculite powder: the weight ratio preparation matrix of coconut palm chaff=5:3:2;
(2) matrix sterilization
Add in cultivation matrix by calcium cyanamide by the consumption of 20kg/ mu, mixing, fine-spraying belt is laid on stromal surface, then covering with plastic film, opens fine-spraying belt and matrix is soaked, be as the criterion with water content 90%;
After 15 days, first open large ceiling volume film, after gas spacious in canopy, then enter canopy and open mulch film, in case poisoning; Treat that gas clears, open fine-spraying belt and matrix is soaked again, be as the criterion with water content 70%, process appropriate after, wait to transplant seedlings;
(3) transplantation of seedlings is planted
Transplanting time: the cloudy day at the beginning of-9 months carries out by the end of August, fine day need keep well-ventilated in canopy with sunshade net sunshade;
Select the standard of seedling: there is 5-6 sheet expanded leaves, the thick 1-1.5cm of collar, the heavy 25g-30g of seedling complete stool, root heavily account for complete stool heavy 1/3;
Before transplanting, with the polyoxin of 1000-1200 times of liquid or the chitin leaching root 1-3h of 500 times of liquid;
The substrate temperature of cultivation seedling is less than 30 DEG C;
Transplanting spacing is spacing in the rows 20cm, line-spacing 15cm, and the back of a bow outwards, does not bury the heart, shallow not crab rooting deeply;
(4) management after transplanting
A period of time is needed to recover after kind of transplantation of seedlings, could normal growth, this process is referred to as the slow seedling stage, and slow seedling stage fine day need use sunshade net sunshade, and the cloudy day can not sunshade, and maintenance is ventilated;
A, temperature
Seedling-slowing stage: daytime is 25-28 DEG C, night is 15-20 DEG C;
After slow seedling: daytime is 26-30 DEG C, and night is 15-20 DEG C;
In squaring period: daytime is 25-28 DEG C, night is 15-20 DEG C;
Yield positive results the phase: daytime is 20-25 DEG C, night is 15-20 DEG C;
Fruit expanding period: daytime is 15-23 DEG C, night is 15-20 DEG C;
The fruit harvest phase: daytime is 15-23 DEG C, night is 10-25 DEG C;
B, humidity
Seedling-slowing stage: 60-70%;
After slow seedling: 60-90%;
Squaring period: 20-30%;
Yield positive results the phase: keep more than 70% before 12 noon, drying of windowing afternoon, medial humidity is 60-70%;
Fruit expanding period: 60-70%;
The fruit harvest phase: 60-70%;
C, CO
2concentration
Daytime indoor CO
2concentration is 700-1000ppm, and night is 400-600ppm;
D, rich water
Seedling-slowing stage: 25g root-growing agent, 50g are sprayed after breathing out time Trichoderma and the mixing of 30kg water, sprays and once recovers to seedling for 7 days;
After slow seedling: spray after how anti-for 25g MnZn, 25g root-growing agent and 15kg water are mixed, within 10 days, spray and once launch to young leaves;
Yield positive results the phase: the high potassium type rich water using 1000 times of liquid for one week, N:P:K=15:15:30;
Bear fruit successfully: the lion acanthaceous indigo high phosphorus foliage fertilizer spraying a 600-1000 times of liquid every 10-15 days, spray 2-3 time altogether, sprayed the instant potassium sulfate of a 200-300 times of liquid simultaneously every 10-15 days, spray 3-4 time altogether;
E, trace element
From buddingging, sprayed the micro-fertilizer of multi-element chelate of a 1500-3000 times of liquid every 10-15 days;
F, honeybee pollination
20% the flowers are in blossom when putting, and puts into honeybee, every 1000m
2place one, beehive, a built-in 2-3 honeybee;
G, diseases and pests controlling
Trichoderma or the waxy Bacillus of 1500 times of liquid within every 7 days, is sprayed, continuous spraying 2 times after transplanting;
Transplant to Second Year March, every 7-10 days sprays the Osthole of 300 times of liquid, the cnidium monnieri-Su Yun bacterium of 300 times of liquid, the Physcion of 300 times of liquid, and during each medication, two kinds of mixed and alternates are used;
Adopted Cosan to fumigate before florescence, 1 week once simultaneously;
April, adopt the Kang Ji Trichoderma of 300 times of liquid to fill with once root, often within 7-10 days, spray the Osthole of 300 times of liquid, the cnidium monnieri-Su Yun bacterium of 300 times of liquid, the Physcion of 300 times of liquid, during each medication, two kinds of mixed and alternates were used simultaneously to May.
Claims (1)
1. a Plant technique method for facility strawberry, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) preparation of matrix
By the peat composed of rotten mosses: vermiculite powder: the weight ratio preparation matrix of coconut palm chaff=5:3:2;
(2) matrix sterilization
Add in cultivation matrix by calcium cyanamide by the consumption of 20kg/ mu, mixing, fine-spraying belt is laid on stromal surface, then covering with plastic film, opens fine-spraying belt and matrix is soaked, be as the criterion with water content 90%;
(3) transplantation of seedlings is planted
Transplanting time: by the end of August at the beginning of-9 months;
Select the standard of seedling: there is 5-6 sheet expanded leaves, the thick 1-1.5cm of collar, the heavy 25g-30g of seedling complete stool, root heavily account for complete stool heavy 1/3;
Before transplanting, with the polyoxin of 1000-1200 times of liquid or the chitin leaching root 1-3h of 500 times of liquid;
The substrate temperature of cultivation seedling is less than 30 DEG C;
Transplanting spacing is spacing in the rows 20cm, line-spacing 15cm, and the seedling back of a bow outwards, does not bury the heart, shallow not crab rooting deeply;
(4) management after transplanting
A, temperature
Seedling-slowing stage: daytime is 25-28 DEG C, night is 15-20 DEG C;
After slow seedling: daytime is 26-30 DEG C, and night is 15-20 DEG C;
In squaring period: daytime is 25-28 DEG C, night is 15-20 DEG C;
Yield positive results the phase: daytime is 20-25 DEG C, night is 15-20 DEG C;
Fruit expanding period: daytime is 15-23 DEG C, night is 15-20 DEG C;
The fruit harvest phase: daytime is 15-23 DEG C, night is 10-25 DEG C;
B, humidity
Seedling-slowing stage: 60-70%;
After slow seedling: 60-90%;
Squaring period: 20-30%;
Yield positive results the phase: keep more than 70% before 12 noon, drying of windowing afternoon, medial humidity is 60-70%;
Fruit expanding period: 60-70%;
The fruit harvest phase: 60-70%;
C, CO
2concentration
Daytime indoor CO
2concentration is 700-1000ppm, and night is 400-600ppm;
D, rich water
Seedling-slowing stage: 25g root-growing agent, 50g are sprayed after breathing out time Trichoderma and the mixing of 30kg water, sprays and once recovers to seedling for 7 days;
After slow seedling: spray after how anti-for 25g MnZn, 25g root-growing agent and 15kg water are mixed, within 10 days, spray and once launch to young leaves;
Yield positive results the phase: the high potassium type rich water using 1000 times of liquid for one week, N:P:K=15:15:30;
Bear fruit successfully: the lion acanthaceous indigo high phosphorus foliage fertilizer spraying a 600-1000 times of liquid every 10-15 days, spray 2-3 time altogether, sprayed the instant potassium sulfate of a 200-300 times of liquid simultaneously every 10-15 days, spray 3-4 time altogether;
E, trace element
From buddingging, sprayed the micro-fertilizer of multi-element chelate of a 1500-3000 times of liquid every 10-15 days;
F, honeybee pollination
20% the flowers are in blossom when putting, and puts into honeybee, every 1000m
2place one, beehive, a built-in 2-3 honeybee;
G, diseases and pests controlling
Trichoderma or the waxy Bacillus of 1500 times of liquid within every 7 days, is sprayed, continuous spraying 2 times after transplanting;
Transplant to Second Year March, every 7-10 days sprays the Osthole of 300 times of liquid, the cnidium monnieri-Su Yun bacterium of 300 times of liquid, the Physcion of 300 times of liquid, and during each medication, two kinds of mixed and alternates are used;
Adopted Cosan to fumigate before florescence, 1 week once simultaneously;
April, adopt the Kang Ji Trichoderma of 300 times of liquid to fill with once root, often within 7-10 days, spray the Osthole of 300 times of liquid, the cnidium monnieri-Su Yun bacterium of 300 times of liquid, the Physcion of 300 times of liquid, during each medication, two kinds of mixed and alternates were used simultaneously to May.
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105061067A (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2015-11-18 | 北京市土肥工作站 | Seedling medium for strawberry mother seedlings |
CN105191764A (en) * | 2015-08-20 | 2015-12-30 | 天津市设施农业研究所 | Planting method for cultivating strawberries by using foam boxes |
CN105660331A (en) * | 2016-01-20 | 2016-06-15 | 成都贝瑞生态农业开发有限公司 | Facility strawberry improved special matrix and preparation method thereof |
CN106508388A (en) * | 2016-11-07 | 2017-03-22 | 江苏丘陵地区南京农业科学研究所 | Strawberry container nursery method |
CN111713344A (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2020-09-29 | 甘肃省农业工程技术研究院 | Yellow sand ridging cultivation method for strawberries in summer facility |
CN112243809A (en) * | 2020-10-09 | 2021-01-22 | 安顺欣丞农业科技发展有限公司 | Plug seedling method for strawberries |
CN112586335A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-02 | 河南凤彩农业发展有限公司 | Three-dimensional soilless strawberry cultivation method |
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105061067A (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2015-11-18 | 北京市土肥工作站 | Seedling medium for strawberry mother seedlings |
CN105191764A (en) * | 2015-08-20 | 2015-12-30 | 天津市设施农业研究所 | Planting method for cultivating strawberries by using foam boxes |
CN105660331A (en) * | 2016-01-20 | 2016-06-15 | 成都贝瑞生态农业开发有限公司 | Facility strawberry improved special matrix and preparation method thereof |
CN106508388A (en) * | 2016-11-07 | 2017-03-22 | 江苏丘陵地区南京农业科学研究所 | Strawberry container nursery method |
CN111713344A (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2020-09-29 | 甘肃省农业工程技术研究院 | Yellow sand ridging cultivation method for strawberries in summer facility |
CN112243809A (en) * | 2020-10-09 | 2021-01-22 | 安顺欣丞农业科技发展有限公司 | Plug seedling method for strawberries |
CN112586335A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-02 | 河南凤彩农业发展有限公司 | Three-dimensional soilless strawberry cultivation method |
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