CN102027856A - Method for culturing fruit cucumber - Google Patents
Method for culturing fruit cucumber Download PDFInfo
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- CN102027856A CN102027856A CN2010105214136A CN201010521413A CN102027856A CN 102027856 A CN102027856 A CN 102027856A CN 2010105214136 A CN2010105214136 A CN 2010105214136A CN 201010521413 A CN201010521413 A CN 201010521413A CN 102027856 A CN102027856 A CN 102027856A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for culturing a fruit cucumber, which comprises the following concrete steps of: preparing culture, culturing seedlings, planting in the field, managing fertilizer and water and harvesting. The invention has the advantages of culturing the fruit cucumber without soil by utilizing a culture substrate bag, not generating continuous cropping obstacles, ensuring that the greenhouse condition can be free from the limit of seasons and arranging production for anniversary supply according to the market demand; the configuration of a nutrient solution is adjusted according to different growth periods so that fruit cucumber achieves the optical growth effect, strongly grows and has higher yield and quality, the damage by diseases and insects is decreased, the dosage of pesticide is reduced and environmental pollution is lessened.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation method, the cultivation method of particularly a kind of fruit cucumber.
Background technology
The fruit cucumber claims mini cucumber again, and the plant gynoecy has melon successively, long 15～18 centimetres of melon, and stingless, local flavor is dense, and mouthfeel is good, and delicate fragrance is crisp sweet, and color is dark green, and is smooth even, beautiful, very popular.
Tradition fruit cucumber greenhouse culture technique, because of its continuous cropping obstacle, high ambient temperature, high humidity, damage by disease and insect takes place serious, causes yielding poorly, poor quality, persticide residue height.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the objective of the invention is the deficiency at above-mentioned traditional greenhouse culture pattern, the greenhouse soilless culture method of a kind of fruit cucumber is provided, fast growth, precocity and yielding ability height, cleanliness without any pollution improve the production modernization degree greatly.
Technical scheme: the cultivation method of a kind of fruit cucumber, the concrete steps of this method are as follows:
1) cultivation is prepared: with the cultivation matrix cultivation bag of packing into, put on the greenhouse culture groove according to the planting density standard; With greenhouse floor file cloth, and inside, greenhouse carried out disinfection;
2) grow seedlings: adopt the mixed-matrix of the peat composed of rotten mosses and perlite or the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite to add water, the no soil pit dish of packing into is grown seedlings, and sows then, waters, and the vernalization of preserving moisture when 60%～70% seed hogback, moves to the greenhouse with the seedling dish;
3) field planting: planting-stock age is a leaf one core, and the cultivation matrix described in the step 1) is watered sufficient nutrient solution before field planting, and fertile transplanting of rice shoot band watered the cultivation matrix of sufficient nutrient solution to this;
4) rich water quality management: the configuration nutrient solution, plant to be irrigated, early stage, the EC value of nutrient solution was about 2, and pH value is about 6, increases along with sitting melon, and the EC value brings up to 2.5, drips clear water every day one time;
5) gather: the fruit cucumber transfers bottle green to by light green and can gather.
Good for making as the cultivation matrix quality on cultivation basis, reduce damage by disease and insect and take place, the cultivation matrix described in the step 1) must be through disinfecting before putting into cultivation bag, and thimerosal is a formalin solution.
Cultivation matrix described in the step 1) comprises perlite, the peat composed of rotten mosses, or its mixed-matrix.
Planting density described in the step 1) is 2 strains/m
2～2.5 strains/m
2, guarantee that the growing space of plant is suitable in the future.
Sterilization described in the step 1) is ecological sterilization, directly utilizes weather conditions, economical and efficient.
Sterilization described in the step 1) is the pharmacy disinfection method, can make inner each position, greenhouse all obtain comprehensive, virus killing targetedly, and killing is more thorough.
The solute of the nutrient solution described in the step 4) comprises that calcium is joined, nitrogen phosphorus potassium magnesium and trace element are joined two kinds of mother liquors, mother liquor and irrigation water are mixed into described nutrient solution according to 1: 100 proportioning, when adopting nitric acid to regulate PH, two kinds of mother liquor amounts of taking equate, when adopting phosphoric acid to regulate PH, only take nitrogen phosphorus potassium magnesium and trace element and join mother liquor.
Constituent that calcium is joined and mass percent proportioning are nitrate of lime 9.43%, potassium nitrate 0.78%, ammonium nitrate 0.5%, Fe-EDTA 0.088%, water 89.202%; Constituent and mass percent proportioning that nitrogen phosphorus potassium magnesium and trace element are joined are potassium nitrate 6.36%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.7%, magnesium sulfate 3.38%, manganese sulphate 0.017%, zinc sulphate 0.0145%, borax 0.024%, copper sulphate 0.0019%, sodium molybdate 0.0012%, water 88.5014%.
Beneficial effect: advantage of the present invention is to utilize cultivation matrix bag soilless culture fruit cucumber, continuous cropping obstacle can not take place, and the condition in greenhouse can not be subject to seasonal restrictions, can be according to the market demand, and the year-round supply of arranging production; The configuration of nutrient solution is adjusted according to different growing stages, reaches the optimum growh effect, makes fruit cucumber growth stalwartness, increases output, improves quality, thereby damage by disease and insect is reduced, and the usage amount of agricultural chemicals reduces, and environmental pollution reduces.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further illustrate the present invention, should understand these embodiment only is used to the present invention is described and is not used in and limit the scope of the invention, after having read the present invention, those skilled in the art all fall within the application's claims institute restricted portion to the modification of the various equivalent form of values of the present invention.
The cultivation method of a kind of fruit cucumber, the concrete steps of this method are as follows:
1) cultivation is prepared: cultivation matrix can be selected perlite, the peat composed of rotten mosses or both mixed-matrixes for use, and cultivation matrix must carry out disinfection before using, and by the drip-irrigation system, uses the formalin thimerosal about 20 times; Cultivation bag selects for use the two-sided pollution-free vegetable growth special plastic film of the opaque or white black and white outside of milky to make, and cultivation bag is a pillow type, 100cm * 18cm * 13cm, the about 20L of volume, every bag of plantation 3～4 strain fruit cucumber.To pack in the cultivation bag through the cultivation matrix matrix of disinfecting, and put on the greenhouse cultivating groove according to the planting density standard, planting density is generally 2 strains/m
2～2.5 strains/m
2, spring cultivation recommends to use 2.5 strains/m
2, autumn culture recommends to use 2 strains/m
2, can suitably improve planting density for the new glass greenhouse of high transmission rate, cultivating groove is North and South direction to be placed, and 1% the gradient is arranged, and before transplanting, offers 2～3 lateral apertures at the liftoff 3cm of sack drain-side～4cm place.
Ground in the greenhouse is smooth, and Bei Gaonan is low slightly, covers one deck black ground cloth then, isolated soil-borne disease insect pest.Sterilization can be used ecological sterilization, promptly utilizes the vexed canopy of high temperature to carry out the ecology sterilization in summer, and is general under the situation of fine day, gets final product about 7 days; Also can the with medicament sterilization, splashed with saturated limewater in places such as four jiaos in the greenhouse, dead angle, growth frame, cultivating groove, drip irrigation system, with 20% tpn aerosol 300g/667m
2Carry out disinfection.
2) grow seedlings: adopt no soil pit dish to grow seedlings, with the cave dish in homemade 50 caves, with the mixed-matrix of the peat composed of rotten mosses and perlite or the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite, the matrix and the apparatus of growing seedlings must be sterilized, and available 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate soaks or 500 times of liquid of carbendazim of 50% are sprayed.Generally select female series, low temperature resistant, low light tolerance, short fruit type kind that disease resistance is strong for use, multiselect is with Dutch fruit cucumber in the cultivation, matrix adds suitable quantity of water before the sowing, mix the cave dish of packing into, about 1cm～the 1.5cm of sowing depth, cover one deck vermiculite or perlite above, after planting irrigate the vernalization of preserving moisture then with clear water.Preference temperature is about 25 ℃ before emerging, and when 60%～70% seed hogback, in time the seedling dish is moved on the frame of nursing young plants in hothouses and afforests.26 ℃～27 ℃ of seedling temperature in suitable daytime, night, temperature was 18 ℃～20 ℃, 25 ℃～26 ℃ of seedlings temperature in suitable daytime, night, temperature was about 16 ℃.Water between nursery stage and want evenly, seedling cotyledon is open and flat, when true leaf begins to grow, water 0.8ms/cm～1.2ms/cm complete nutrition liquid every other day one time.
3) field planting: planting-stock age is a leaf one core.Preceding 3～4 days of field planting is watered sufficient nutrient solution with cultivation matrix, during field planting rice shoot is watered adequate nutrition liquid, and band is fertile transplants, and the field planting degree of depth is advisable to reach cotyledonary node, and a large amount of irrigation the in two weeks after the field planting is in order to root growth.
4) rich water quality management: the greenhouse uses a whole set of drip irrigation system to carry out nutrition liquid irrigation, uses special nutrient fluid formulated nutrient solution.Nutrient solution uses the high-concentration compound fertilizer material, disposes two mother liquor tanks of A, B, and the A jar is that calcium is joined, and the B jar is that nitrogen phosphorus potassium magnesium and trace element are joined, and table 1 is the amount that A jar, B jar respectively dispose required each straight fertilizer of adding of 1000kg mother liquor.Mother liquor and irrigation water are mixed into described nutrient solution according to 1: 100 proportioning, and when adopting nitric acid to regulate PH, two kinds of mother liquor amounts of taking equate, when adopting phosphoric acid to regulate PH, only take nitrogen phosphorus potassium magnesium and trace element and join.
Table 1: nutrient solution mother liquor prescription (A jar, each 1000kg of B jar)
Be control irrigation volume and irrigation concentration, each irrigated area is provided with 2 rich water test points, and detect every day, and content is amount, pH value, EC value, the NO of irrigation liquid and cultivation bag spillage
3 -Deng.Under the normal situation, the amount of spillage accounts for irrigates 15%～30% of liquid measure, and the spillage pH value is 6.0～6.5, and the EC of irrigation liquid and spillage differs and is no more than 0.4ms/cm～0.5ms/cm, the NO of spillage
3 -Concentration 250mg/L～500mg/L.When the detection index was undesired, correction should take immediate steps.Early stage, the EC value of nutrient solution was grasped about 2, and pH value is about 6, and along with sitting increasing of melon, the EC value brings up to 2.5, and the time of drip irrigation is also brought up to per hour 20～25min by initial per hour 8～12min.Drip clear water every day 1 time.
5) gather: the fruit cucumber transfers bottle green to by light green and can gather.
In the cultivation process of fruit cucumber, also should carry out following additional step in good time:
Plant management: adopt and go alone a seedling training type, when plant 20cm～25cm is high, hang rattan with the nylon rope or the rope made of hemp, one of lifting rope is tied up at the plant base portion, and one on suspension ring, hang on the grown on top frame, later on the fruit cucumber climing along lifting rope upwards around, remove all buds in all tendrils, lateral bud and base portion 5 leaves simultaneously, begin to stay melon more than 5 leaves, every joint stays a melon, will in time extract Lao Ye, sick leaf and lopsided melon later on.Prune weekly 2～3 times, buy Lao Ye, side shoot, fruit thinning, in time extract the old and feeble blade of bottom variable color, generally beat Lao Ye, side shoot carried out in the morning, tie up climing, around head 3 times weekly, should carry out in the afternoon.Note in time putting rattan.
Environment control: fruit cucumber different growing is to the requirement difference of temperature humidity, as shown in table 2, should maintain in the optimum range as far as possible, take night insulation curtain insulation winter or heat, utilize summer the sunshade net to shade, help cooling by roll-up window, skylight, ventilating fan, roof spray etc.; When indoor humidity was too high, available forced ventilation was fallen wet, and also available heating heat extraction air falls wet; Humidity is crossed when hanging down, available roof spray humidification.The fruit cucumber is responsive to illumination, and during whole cultivation, as long as guarantee normal room temperature, reduction indoor temperature within reason should allow plant see light more as far as possible.
Table 2: fruit cucumber different growing is to the requirement of environmental condition
| Breeding time | Lowest temperature ℃ | Thermophilic ℃ | The highest temperature ℃ | Relative moisture % |
| Seedling stage | 15 | 20～30 | 34 | 80～85 |
| Vegetative growth phase | 18 | 24～28 | 35 | 80～85 |
| Maturing stage (round the clock) | 18(15) | 25(17)～28(20) | 35(22) | 80～85 |
The main diseases pest control: the insect pest of fruit cucumber greenhouse disease takes place less, mainly contain disease and insect pests such as aphid, tetranychid, Liriomyza, thrips and noctuid such as downy mildew, virus disease, powdery mildew, stalk break, can adopt targetedly biopesticide such as medicament such as desinsection element or low-toxin farm chemicals to prevent and treat, insect pest utilizes black light lamp or frequency ventilating type insect killing lamp insect-killing trapping.
Claims (8)
1. the cultivation method of a fruit cucumber is characterized in that the concrete steps of this method are as follows:
1) cultivation is prepared: with the cultivation matrix cultivation bag of packing into, put on the greenhouse culture groove according to the planting density standard; With greenhouse floor file cloth, and inside, greenhouse carried out disinfection;
2) grow seedlings: adopt the mixed-matrix of the peat composed of rotten mosses and perlite or the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite to add water, the no soil pit dish of packing into is grown seedlings, and sows then, waters, and the vernalization of preserving moisture when 60%～70% seed hogback, moves to the greenhouse with the seedling dish;
3) field planting: planting-stock age is a leaf one core, and the cultivation matrix described in the step 1) is watered sufficient nutrient solution before field planting, and fertile transplanting of rice shoot band watered the cultivation matrix of sufficient nutrient solution to this;
4) rich water quality management: the configuration nutrient solution, plant to be irrigated, early stage, the EC value of nutrient solution was about 2, and pH value is about 6, increases along with sitting melon, and the EC value brings up to 2.5, drips clear water every day one time;
5) gather: the fruit cucumber transfers bottle green to by light green and can gather.
2. the cultivation method of a kind of fruit cucumber according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the cultivation matrix described in the step 1) must be through disinfecting before putting into cultivation bag, and thimerosal is a formalin solution.
3. the cultivation method of a kind of fruit cucumber according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the cultivation matrix described in the step 1) comprises perlite, the peat composed of rotten mosses, or its mixed-matrix.
4. the cultivation method of a kind of fruit cucumber according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the planting density described in the step 1) is 2 strains/m
2～2.5 strains/m
2
5. the cultivation method of a kind of fruit cucumber according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the sterilization described in the step 1) is ecological sterilization.
6. the cultivation method of a kind of fruit cucumber according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the sterilization described in the step 1) is the pharmacy disinfection method.
7. the cultivation method of a kind of fruit cucumber according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the solute of the nutrient solution described in the step 4) comprises that calcium is joined, nitrogen phosphorus potassium magnesium and trace element are joined two kinds of mother liquors, mother liquor and irrigation water are mixed into described nutrient solution according to the 1:100 proportioning, when adopting nitric acid to regulate PH, two kinds of mother liquor amounts of taking equate, when adopting phosphoric acid to regulate PH, only take nitrogen phosphorus potassium magnesium and trace element and join mother liquor.
8. the cultivation method of a kind of fruit cucumber according to claim 7 is characterized in that: constituent that calcium is joined and mass percent proportioning are nitrate of lime 9.43%, potassium nitrate 0.78%, ammonium nitrate 0.5%, Fe-EDTA 0.088%, water 89.202%; Constituent and mass percent proportioning that nitrogen phosphorus potassium magnesium and trace element are joined are potassium nitrate 6.36%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.7%, magnesium sulfate 3.38%, manganese sulphate 0.017%, zinc sulphate 0.0145%, borax 0.024%, copper sulphate 0.0019%, sodium molybdate 0.0012%, water 88.5014%.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010105214136A CN102027856A (en) | 2010-10-27 | 2010-10-27 | Method for culturing fruit cucumber |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010105214136A CN102027856A (en) | 2010-10-27 | 2010-10-27 | Method for culturing fruit cucumber |
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Cited By (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013062502A1 (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2013-05-02 | Gavrilov Valeriy Aleksandrovych | Substrate for growing plants |
| CN103222418A (en) * | 2013-03-25 | 2013-07-31 | 山东农业大学 | Special full-value nutrient solution and organic substrate integrated cultivation mode for cucumber |
| CN103299886A (en) * | 2012-03-15 | 2013-09-18 | 魏鹏越 | Culture and cultivation method of Mituo melons |
| CN103798022A (en) * | 2014-01-21 | 2014-05-21 | 和县常久农业发展有限公司 | Planting method for cucumbers |
| CN103975752A (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2014-08-13 | 太仓市惠勤农场专业合作社 | Fruit cucumber planting method |
| CN104025840A (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2014-09-10 | 梁晓 | Purple eggplant planting method capable of increasing production |
| CN104054478A (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2014-09-24 | 梁晓 | Cultivating method capable of overcoming obstacles of potatoes |
| CN104429509A (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2015-03-25 | 安徽省龙海种业有限公司 | Method for pre-cultivation management of solar greenhouse winter-crossing cucumbers |
| CN104472325A (en) * | 2014-11-06 | 2015-04-01 | 舒城县汤池镇昌涛生态蔬菜种植专业合作社 | Anti-pest seedling cultivation method for cucumber |
| CN105027921A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-11-11 | 天长市翔净蔬菜种植发展有限公司 | Non-pollution cultivation method of tender cucumbers in greenhouse |
| CN105123182A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-12-09 | 天长市翔净蔬菜种植发展有限公司 | Fruit cucumber greenhouse micro-spray irrigation cultivation method |
| CN105145125A (en) * | 2015-09-06 | 2015-12-16 | 安徽鹏翔生态农业有限公司 | Fruit cucumber greenhouse planting method |
| CN105248120A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2016-01-20 | 北海市蔬菜研究所 | Vegetable planting method |
| CN106069297A (en) * | 2016-08-06 | 2016-11-09 | 安徽省大浦现代农业研究院 | A kind of micro-farm of family intelligence and operational approach thereof |
| CN106258343A (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2017-01-04 | 贵州省仁怀市欢悦红粱种植有限公司 | A kind of cucumber cultivation method |
| CN106342539A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-25 | 宿州市埇桥区九里梦种植专业合作社 | Seedling-raising method for preventing fruit cucumber seedling blight |
| CN106613856A (en) * | 2017-01-10 | 2017-05-10 | 山东鑫诚现代农业科技有限责任公司 | Nutrient solution for substrate culture of cucumbers |
| CN108419626A (en) * | 2018-02-06 | 2018-08-21 | 迪庆希盛农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of ecological cultivation method of Fruit Cucumber |
| CN109380105A (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2019-02-26 | 赤峰和润农业高新科技产业开发有限公司 | Vegetable factory solid nutrient fluid cultivation method |
| CN110338049A (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2019-10-18 | 郑州海力特农林科技有限公司 | The cloud and mist breeding method of cucumber |
| CN110668859A (en) * | 2019-10-17 | 2020-01-10 | 福建省中科生物股份有限公司 | Fruit and vegetable universal water culture nutrient solution and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111466286A (en) * | 2017-10-18 | 2020-07-31 | 洪学文 | Planting method of selenium-rich cabbage |
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| WO2013062502A1 (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2013-05-02 | Gavrilov Valeriy Aleksandrovych | Substrate for growing plants |
| CN103299886A (en) * | 2012-03-15 | 2013-09-18 | 魏鹏越 | Culture and cultivation method of Mituo melons |
| CN103299886B (en) * | 2012-03-15 | 2015-12-09 | 魏鹏越 | The cultivation of Amitabha Buddha melon and cultivation method |
| CN103222418A (en) * | 2013-03-25 | 2013-07-31 | 山东农业大学 | Special full-value nutrient solution and organic substrate integrated cultivation mode for cucumber |
| CN103798022A (en) * | 2014-01-21 | 2014-05-21 | 和县常久农业发展有限公司 | Planting method for cucumbers |
| CN104025840A (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2014-09-10 | 梁晓 | Purple eggplant planting method capable of increasing production |
| CN104054478A (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2014-09-24 | 梁晓 | Cultivating method capable of overcoming obstacles of potatoes |
| CN103975752A (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2014-08-13 | 太仓市惠勤农场专业合作社 | Fruit cucumber planting method |
| CN104472325A (en) * | 2014-11-06 | 2015-04-01 | 舒城县汤池镇昌涛生态蔬菜种植专业合作社 | Anti-pest seedling cultivation method for cucumber |
| CN104429509A (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2015-03-25 | 安徽省龙海种业有限公司 | Method for pre-cultivation management of solar greenhouse winter-crossing cucumbers |
| CN105123182A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-12-09 | 天长市翔净蔬菜种植发展有限公司 | Fruit cucumber greenhouse micro-spray irrigation cultivation method |
| CN105027921A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-11-11 | 天长市翔净蔬菜种植发展有限公司 | Non-pollution cultivation method of tender cucumbers in greenhouse |
| CN105145125A (en) * | 2015-09-06 | 2015-12-16 | 安徽鹏翔生态农业有限公司 | Fruit cucumber greenhouse planting method |
| CN105248120A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2016-01-20 | 北海市蔬菜研究所 | Vegetable planting method |
| CN106069297A (en) * | 2016-08-06 | 2016-11-09 | 安徽省大浦现代农业研究院 | A kind of micro-farm of family intelligence and operational approach thereof |
| CN106258343A (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2017-01-04 | 贵州省仁怀市欢悦红粱种植有限公司 | A kind of cucumber cultivation method |
| CN106342539A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-25 | 宿州市埇桥区九里梦种植专业合作社 | Seedling-raising method for preventing fruit cucumber seedling blight |
| CN106613856A (en) * | 2017-01-10 | 2017-05-10 | 山东鑫诚现代农业科技有限责任公司 | Nutrient solution for substrate culture of cucumbers |
| CN111466286A (en) * | 2017-10-18 | 2020-07-31 | 洪学文 | Planting method of selenium-rich cabbage |
| CN108419626A (en) * | 2018-02-06 | 2018-08-21 | 迪庆希盛农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of ecological cultivation method of Fruit Cucumber |
| CN109380105A (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2019-02-26 | 赤峰和润农业高新科技产业开发有限公司 | Vegetable factory solid nutrient fluid cultivation method |
| CN110338049A (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2019-10-18 | 郑州海力特农林科技有限公司 | The cloud and mist breeding method of cucumber |
| CN110668859A (en) * | 2019-10-17 | 2020-01-10 | 福建省中科生物股份有限公司 | Fruit and vegetable universal water culture nutrient solution and preparation method and application thereof |
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Application publication date: 20110427 |