CN105027921A - Non-pollution cultivation method of tender cucumbers in greenhouse - Google Patents
Non-pollution cultivation method of tender cucumbers in greenhouse Download PDFInfo
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- CN105027921A CN105027921A CN201510447286.2A CN201510447286A CN105027921A CN 105027921 A CN105027921 A CN 105027921A CN 201510447286 A CN201510447286 A CN 201510447286A CN 105027921 A CN105027921 A CN 105027921A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a non-pollution cultivation method of tender cucumbers in a greenhouse. The non-pollution cultivation method comprises following steps: peeling seeds of tender cucumbers and obtaining processed seeds after treatment of pregermination and disease prevention; uniformly mixing decomposed fertilizers of beasts and birds with soil and placing the mixture above to seedling pots after sieving and burying processed seeds to seedling nursing pots for being placed into seedling nursing chambers in order to obtain tender cucumber seedlings by heat preservation; performing high-temperature processing of the greenhouse, carrying out fumigating operation and applying fertilizers to seedbeds; performing tillage and carrying out field planting operation on tender cucumber seedlings, watering for stabilization and rejuvenation of seedlings; carrying out microspray irrigation operation on the greenhouse two times in the morning and at night on each day after rejuvenation of tender cucumber seedlings; carrying out microspray irrigation three times in the morning, at noon and night on each day in the fruiting period of tender cucumbers with ammonium bicarbonate, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulphate at a time for microspray irrigation; carrying out microspray irrigation in the morning and at night of each day during the growth period of tender cucumber tops; hanging tendrils, removing side shoots and rolling tendrils in presence of seven to eight pieces of tender cucumber seedlings; performing pest control and prevention in the manner of trap-killing and smothered-killing; and harvesting tender cucumbers when tender cucumbers are in accord with requirements for length and transverse diameters.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of crop cultivation, particularly relate to a kind of nuisanceless yellow fraction melon greenhouse cultivation method.
Background technology
Yellow fraction melon because of its mouthfeel tender and crisp, smooth surface, palatability is strong and by people institute eating, and yellow fraction melon contains and enriches moisture and the nutriment such as protein, vitamin, has heat extraction, sharp water diuresis, clearing heat and detoxicating effect.The main eating method of yellow fraction melon is for directly edible after cleaning, and this just proposes high requirement to yellow fraction melon surface agricultural chemicals, insecticide residue.
In traditional newborn green cucumber, because crop cycle is long, easily produce damage by disease and insect, the agricultural chemicals that the yellow fraction melon of output is inner and surface is all residual a large amount of often at each stage all agricultural chemicals such as spraying insecticide, is caused in plantation family; Serious threat eater's is healthy.Meanwhile, traditional planting patterns causes yellow fraction melon Time To Market to flock together, and has dragged down price, has greatly dampened the enthusiasm for production at newborn green cucumber family.
Summary of the invention
Based on the technical problem that background technology exists, the present invention proposes a kind of nuisanceless yellow fraction melon greenhouse cultivation method.Crop cycle of the present invention short, good palatability and persticide residue is extremely low, be a kind of non-harmful guaranteed milk cucumber cultivation technology.
The one nuisanceless yellow fraction melon greenhouse cultivation method that the present invention proposes, comprises the following steps:
S1, seed treatment: newborn cucumber seeds is removed the peel, vernalization diseases prevention process obtains processing rear seed;
S2, nursery: the livestock and poultry fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed 120 ~ 130 parts by weight, 130 ~ 150 parts of soil mix, and put into pot for growing seedlings after sieving, then seed after 10 ~ 15 parts of process is imbedded pot for growing seedlings, length of embedment is 1 ~ 2cm; The pot for growing seedlings imbedding seed is put into the seedling rearing room of-2 ~ 2 DEG C, after insulation 36 ~ 48h, raise seedling rearing room day temperature to 26 ~ 30 DEG C, evening temperature be 12 ~ 15 DEG C, be incubated and within 22 ~ 25 days, obtain yellow fraction melon seedling;
S3, field planting: booth is carried out high temperature treatment, then carry out stifling after, to seedbed applying fertilizer, every 667m
2use 1600 ~ 2200kg to become thoroughly decomposed fertilizer, 220 ~ 250kg pool ditch mud, 50 ~ 53kg composite fertilizer; Then turn over, by yellow fraction melon planting seedlings, water steady seedling, slow seedling; When newborn cucumber seedling has 3 ~ 4 leaves, spray the ethephon solution that mass fraction is 0.04 ~ 0.06wt%;
S4, microspray irrigation apply fertilizer: after newborn cucumber seedling delays seedling, and in booth, once, the microspray irrigation time is 22 ~ 25min to morning and evening every day each microspray irrigation; The melon phase contained by yellow fraction melon, and morning, noon and afternoon every day each microspray irrigation once, is mixed into 2 ~ 3kg carbonic hydroammonium, 0.5 ~ 0.8kg superphosphate, 0.3 ~ 0.5kg potassium sulfate during each microspray irrigation, the microspray irrigation time is 1.5 ~ 2h; Yellow fraction melon top melon breeding time, every day sooner or later each microspray irrigation once, the microspray irrigation time is 15 ~ 18min;
S5, Plant adjustment: when newborn cucumber seedling is long have 7 ~ 8 time, hang climing, extract side shoot, tendril;
S6, the extermination of disease and insect pest: comprise trapping, vexedly to kill;
S7, harvesting: after female flower is open 6 ~ 10 days, when yellow fraction melon length be 12 ~ 15cm, transverse diameter be 2.5 ~ 3cm time, can gather.
Preferably, in S1, the process of removing the peel is: newborn cucumber seeds is tanned by the sun 2 ~ 3h in the sun, then puts into the water that temperature is 50 ~ 55 DEG C, is stirred to seed, aqueous mixtures temperature is 20 ~ 23 DEG C, washes seed by hand by rubbing with the hands to surface without mucus.
Preferably, in S1, vernalization diseases prevention process is: be in the carbendazim aqueous solution of 20 ~ 23 DEG C by after peeling, seed drops into temperature, soaks after 3 ~ 5h and takes out, and tiling leaves standstill to seed and shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally; Then seed, 50 ~ 55g marine alga continuous cropping agent after 40 ~ 45g vernalization are mixed, tiling leaves standstill 10 ~ 15min and obtains processing rear seed; Preferably, the concentration of the carbendazim aqueous solution is 0.01 ~ 0.03wt%.
Preferably, in S2, the order number sieved is 5 ~ 8 orders.
Preferably, in S3, the length of booth is 80 ~ 85m, is highly 2.5 ~ 2.8m, and width is 7 ~ 10m.
Preferably, in S3, the concrete operations of high temperature treatment are: the daytime selecting continuous sunny, soil in booth is watered permeable rear covering with plastic film, then by mulch film compacting, then closes booth two end entrance, open the entrance of booth one end after tanning by the sun 13 ~ 15 days continuously, take mulch film off.
Preferably, in S3, stifling concrete operations are as follows: select carry out fine daytime, on cleaning booth seedbed after foreign material, and plowed soils to 10 ~ 15cm, then 5 ~ 8kg sawdust heap is placed respectively at booth two end entrance, 2 ~ 3kg Cosan is covered equably on sawdust heap, then 1 ~ 2kg stalk is covered on Cosan, after lighting equably, close booth entrance, after 24 ~ 28h, discharge flue gas in booth.
Preferably, in S3, the degree of depth of turning over is 25 ~ 30cm, and the spacing of field planting is 35 ~ 40cm × 70 ~ 75cm.
Preferably, in S3, in composite fertilizer, the weight ratio of N P and K is 12 ~ 15:7 ~ 10:8 ~ 9.
Preferably, in S4, microspray irrigation facility is made up of water source, pre-treatment parts, supervisor, arm, micro-nozzle road, gate valve and mini sprinkler.
Preferably, pre-treatment parts are made up of size pump, fertilizer applicator, filter, restraining gate valve; The caliber of supervisor is 120 ~ 130mm, and the caliber of arm is 80 ~ 85mm, and the caliber in micro-nozzle road is 20 ~ 25mm, and the height in micro-nozzle road is 20 ~ 25cm.
Preferably, the spacing of mini sprinkler is 0.5 ~ 1m, pressure is 2.6 ~ 3kg/cm
2, the flow of mini sprinkler is 1.8 ~ 3L/h.
Preferably, in S6, the concrete operations of trapping are as follows: in booth, interval 5 ~ 8m arranges the pull rope that is parallel to ground, 3 ~ 5 are of a size of the yellow haftplatte of 15 ~ 20cm × 10 ~ 12cm, 2 ~ 4 purple haftplatte intervals are fixed on pull rope.
Preferably, in S6, the two ends of pull rope are separately fixed on the support of 2 ~ 2.5m, and support is apart from ground 1.2 ~ 1.5m.
Preferably, in S6, vexedly kill concrete operations and be: suffer from the mould frost sick initial stage at yellow fraction melon, select the daytime of fine day, after soil irrigates in booth, next day closes booth, opens the half door of booth one end entrance after 2 ~ 3h.
In implementation process of the present invention, seed, after peeling, vernalization diseases prevention process, largely avoided in yellow fraction melon process of growth ill; And spray the excessive growth that ethephon solution can control newborn cucumber seedling, simultaneously also can effective gametocide; Wherein, with carbendazim, the marine alga continuous cropping agent cooperation process of certain concentration, can Fast-propagation in seed Soil Surrounding after planting, kill the microorganism in soil and germ, strengthen improving activity of root system and rootability, prevent and treat the various diseases in newborn cucumber growth simultaneously, thus lay the foundation for high yield of the present invention; The booth high temperature treatment of first carrying out in field planting process and the stifling microbial pathogens can killed in soil and air, thus ill in control yellow fraction melon process of growth; By trapping with vexedly to kill, fully can kill the damage by disease and insect of yellow fraction melon, wherein, trapping process arranges the haftplatte of yellow and purple, can trap and kill the insect pests such as aleyrodid, aphid and leafhopper, and purple haftplatte has strong trapping effect to thrips; Kill in process vexed, by high temperature, high humility effect, effectively can kill trialeurodes vaporariorum, control cucumber downy mildew; In field planting process, adopt specific spacing can avoid vying each other between plant, thus cause nutrient between each plant unbalanced; Then the fertilizer used is that yellow fraction melon primary growth provides abundant nutrition, promotes that it grows fast; And the microspray irrigation in process of growth, liquid nutrient atmosphere can be formed in booth, the blade of yellow fraction melon is impelled directly to absorb water and nutrient, yellow fraction melon is avoided to absorb nutrient because the shallow short-range missile of root system causes inadequate, thus ensure that the demand of newborn cucumber growth most productive period to nutrient and moisture, make the yellow fraction melon rich in taste of output of the present invention, grow fast; At the nutrient of different growing stages microspray irrigation different proportion and quantity, meet newborn cucumber growth demand, can significantly reduce costs, promote that it grows fast.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of a kind of nuisanceless yellow fraction melon greenhouse cultivation method that the present invention proposes.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of a kind of nuisanceless yellow fraction melon greenhouse cultivation method that the present invention proposes.
With reference to Fig. 1, the one nuisanceless yellow fraction melon greenhouse cultivation method that the present invention proposes, comprises the following steps:
S1, seed treatment: newborn cucumber seeds is removed the peel, vernalization diseases prevention process obtains processing rear seed;
S2, nursery: the livestock and poultry fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed 120 ~ 130 parts by weight, 130 ~ 150 parts of soil mix, and put into pot for growing seedlings after sieving, then seed after 10 ~ 15 parts of process is imbedded pot for growing seedlings, length of embedment is 1 ~ 2cm; The pot for growing seedlings imbedding seed is put into the seedling rearing room of-2 ~ 2 DEG C, after insulation 36 ~ 48h, raise seedling rearing room day temperature to 26 ~ 30 DEG C, evening temperature be 12 ~ 15 DEG C, be incubated and within 22 ~ 25 days, obtain yellow fraction melon seedling;
S3, field planting: booth is carried out high temperature treatment, then carry out stifling after, to seedbed applying fertilizer, every 667m
2use 1600 ~ 2200kg to become thoroughly decomposed fertilizer, 220 ~ 250kg pool ditch mud, 50 ~ 53kg composite fertilizer; Then turn over, by yellow fraction melon planting seedlings, water steady seedling, slow seedling; When newborn cucumber seedling has 3 ~ 4 leaves, spray the ethephon solution that mass fraction is 0.04 ~ 0.06wt%;
S4, microspray irrigation apply fertilizer: after newborn cucumber seedling delays seedling, and in booth, once, the microspray irrigation time is 22 ~ 25min to morning and evening every day each microspray irrigation; The melon phase contained by yellow fraction melon, and morning, noon and afternoon every day each microspray irrigation once, is mixed into 2 ~ 3kg carbonic hydroammonium, 0.5 ~ 0.8kg superphosphate, 0.3 ~ 0.5kg potassium sulfate during each microspray irrigation, the microspray irrigation time is 1.5 ~ 2h; Yellow fraction melon top melon breeding time, every day sooner or later each microspray irrigation once, the microspray irrigation time is 15 ~ 18min;
S5, Plant adjustment: when newborn cucumber seedling is long have 7 ~ 8 time, hang climing, extract side shoot, tendril;
S6, the extermination of disease and insect pest: comprise trapping, vexedly to kill;
S7, harvesting: after female flower is open 6 ~ 10 days, when yellow fraction melon length be 12 ~ 15cm, transverse diameter be 2.5 ~ 3cm time, can gather.
Below, by specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
The one nuisanceless yellow fraction melon greenhouse cultivation method that the present invention proposes, comprises the following steps:
S1, seed treatment: newborn cucumber seeds is tanned by the sun 3h in the sun, then put into the water that temperature is 50 DEG C, is stirred to seed, aqueous mixtures temperature is 23 DEG C, washes seed by hand by rubbing with the hands to surface without mucus; Seed after peeling is dropped into temperature is 20 DEG C, concentration is in the carbendazim aqueous solution of 0.03wt%, take out after soaking 5h, tiling leaves standstill to seed and shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally; Then seed, 55g marine alga continuous cropping agent after 40g vernalization are mixed, tiling leaves standstill 10min and obtains processing rear seed;
S2, nursery: the livestock and poultry fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed 120 parts by weight, 150 parts of soil mix, put into pot for growing seedlings after crossing 8 mesh sieves, and then seed after 10 parts of process is imbedded pot for growing seedlings, length of embedment is 2cm; The pot for growing seedlings imbedding seed is put into the seedling rearing room of-2 DEG C, after insulation 48h, raise seedling rearing room day temperature to 26 DEG C, evening temperature be 15 DEG C, be incubated and within 22 days, obtain yellow fraction melon seedling;
S3, field planting: build long for 85m, high be 2.5m, the wide booth for 10m, select the daytime of continuous sunny, soil in booth watered permeable rear covering with plastic film, then by mulch film compacting, then close booth two end entrance, open the entrance of booth one end after tanning by the sun 13 days continuously, take mulch film off; To clear up on booth seedbed after foreign material again, plowed soils is to 15cm, then 5kg sawdust heap is placed respectively at booth two end entrance, 3kg Cosan is covered equably on sawdust heap, then 1kg stalk is covered on Cosan equably, after lighting, close booth entrance, after 28h, discharge flue gas in booth; To seedbed applying fertilizer, every 667m
2use 1600kg to become thoroughly decomposed fertilizer, 250kg pool ditch mud, 50kg composite fertilizer, in composite fertilizer, the weight ratio of N P and K is 15:7:9; Then turn over, the degree of depth of turning over is 25cm, and by yellow fraction melon planting seedlings, the spacing of field planting is 40cm × 70cm, and then water steady seedling, slow seedling; When newborn cucumber seedling has 4 leaves, spray the ethephon solution that mass fraction is 0.04wt%;
S4, microspray irrigation apply fertilizer: after newborn cucumber seedling delays seedling, and in booth, once, the microspray irrigation time is 22min to morning and evening every day each microspray irrigation; The melon phase contained by yellow fraction melon, and morning, noon and afternoon every day each microspray irrigation once, is mixed into 3kg carbonic hydroammonium, 0.5kg superphosphate, 0.5kg potassium sulfate during each microspray irrigation, the microspray irrigation time is 1.5h; Yellow fraction melon top melon breeding time, every day sooner or later each microspray irrigation once, the microspray irrigation time is 18min;
Wherein, microspray irrigation facility is made up of water source, pre-treatment parts, supervisor, arm, micro-nozzle road, gate valve and mini sprinkler; Pre-treatment parts are made up of size pump, fertilizer applicator, filter, restraining gate valve; The caliber of supervisor is 120mm, and the caliber of arm is 85mm, and the caliber in micro-nozzle road is 20mm, and the height in micro-nozzle road is 25cm; The spacing of mini sprinkler is 0.5m, pressure is 3kg/cm
2, the flow of mini sprinkler is 1.8L/h;
S5, Plant adjustment: when newborn cucumber seedling 8, hang climing, extract side shoot, tendril;
S6, the extermination of disease and insect pest: comprise trapping, vexedly to kill; Wherein, the concrete operations of trapping are as follows: in booth, interval 5m arranges the pull rope that is parallel to ground, the two ends of pull rope are separately fixed on the support of 2.5m, support, apart from ground 1.2m, is of a size of the yellow haftplatte of 15cm × 12cm, 2 purple haftplatte intervals is fixed on pull rope by 5; Vexedly kill concrete operations and be: suffer from the mould frost sick initial stage at yellow fraction melon, select the daytime of fine day, after soil irrigates in booth, next day closes booth, opens the half door of booth one end entrance after 3h;
S7, harvesting: open latter 6 days of female flower, when yellow fraction melon long for 15cm, transverse diameter be 2.5cm time, can gather.
Embodiment 2
The one nuisanceless yellow fraction melon greenhouse cultivation method that the present invention proposes, comprises the following steps:
S1, seed treatment: newborn cucumber seeds is tanned by the sun 2h in the sun, then put into the water that temperature is 55 DEG C, is stirred to seed, aqueous mixtures temperature is 20 DEG C, washes seed by hand by rubbing with the hands to surface without mucus; Seed after peeling is dropped into temperature is 23 DEG C, concentration is in the carbendazim aqueous solution of 0.01wt%, take out after soaking 3h, tiling leaves standstill to seed and shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally; Then seed, 50g marine alga continuous cropping agent after 45g vernalization are mixed, tiling leaves standstill 15min and obtains processing rear seed;
S2, nursery: the livestock and poultry fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed 130 parts by weight, 130 parts of soil mix, put into pot for growing seedlings after crossing 5 mesh sieves, and then seed after 15 parts of process is imbedded pot for growing seedlings, length of embedment is 1cm; The pot for growing seedlings imbedding seed is put into the seedling rearing room of 2 DEG C, after insulation 36h, raise seedling rearing room day temperature to 30 DEG C, evening temperature be 12 DEG C, be incubated and within 25 days, obtain yellow fraction melon seedling;
S3, field planting: build long for 80m, high be 2.8m, the wide booth for 7m, select the daytime of continuous sunny, soil in booth watered permeable rear covering with plastic film, then by mulch film compacting, then close booth two end entrance, open the entrance of booth one end after tanning by the sun 15 days continuously, take mulch film off; To clear up on booth seedbed after foreign material again, plowed soils is to 10cm, then 8kg sawdust heap is placed respectively at booth two end entrance, 2kg Cosan is covered equably on sawdust heap, then 2kg stalk is covered on Cosan equably, after lighting, close booth entrance, after 24h, discharge flue gas in booth; To seedbed applying fertilizer, every 667m
2use 2200kg to become thoroughly decomposed fertilizer, 220kg pool ditch mud, 53kg composite fertilizer, in composite fertilizer, the weight ratio of N P and K is 6:5:4; Then turn over, the degree of depth of turning over is 30cm, and by yellow fraction melon planting seedlings, the spacing of field planting is 35cm × 75cm, and then water steady seedling, slow seedling; When newborn cucumber seedling has 3 leaves, spray the ethephon solution that mass fraction is 0.06wt%;
S4, microspray irrigation apply fertilizer: after newborn cucumber seedling delays seedling, and in booth, once, the microspray irrigation time is 25min to morning and evening every day each microspray irrigation; The melon phase contained by yellow fraction melon, and morning, noon and afternoon every day each microspray irrigation once, is mixed into 2kg carbonic hydroammonium, 0.8kg superphosphate, 0.3kg potassium sulfate during each microspray irrigation, the microspray irrigation time is 2h; Yellow fraction melon top melon breeding time, every day sooner or later each microspray irrigation once, the microspray irrigation time is 15min;
Wherein, microspray irrigation facility is made up of water source, pre-treatment parts, supervisor, arm, micro-nozzle road, gate valve and mini sprinkler; Pre-treatment parts are made up of size pump, fertilizer applicator, filter, restraining gate valve; The caliber of supervisor is 130mm, and the caliber of arm is 80mm, and the caliber in micro-nozzle road is 25mm, and the height in micro-nozzle road is 20cm; The spacing of mini sprinkler is 1m, pressure is 2.6kg/cm
2, the flow of mini sprinkler is 3L/h;
S5, Plant adjustment: when newborn cucumber seedling 7, hang climing, extract side shoot, tendril;
S6, the extermination of disease and insect pest: comprise trapping, vexedly to kill; Wherein, the concrete operations of trapping are as follows: in booth, interval 8m arranges the pull rope that is parallel to ground, the two ends of pull rope are separately fixed on the support of 2m, support, apart from ground 1.5m, is of a size of the yellow haftplatte of 20cm × 10cm, 4 purple haftplatte intervals is fixed on pull rope by 3; Vexedly kill concrete operations and be: suffer from the mould frost sick initial stage at yellow fraction melon, select the daytime of fine day, after soil irrigates in booth, next day closes booth, opens the half door of booth one end entrance after 2h;
S7, harvesting: open latter 10 days of female flower, when yellow fraction melon long for 12cm, transverse diameter be 3cm time, can gather.
Embodiment 3
The one nuisanceless yellow fraction melon greenhouse cultivation method that the present invention proposes, comprises the following steps:
S1, seed treatment: newborn cucumber seeds is tanned by the sun 2.5h in the sun, then put into the water that temperature is 51 DEG C, is stirred to seed, aqueous mixtures temperature is 22 DEG C, washes seed by hand by rubbing with the hands to surface without mucus; Seed after peeling is dropped into temperature is 21 DEG C, concentration is in the carbendazim aqueous solution of 0.03wt%, take out after soaking 4h, tiling leaves standstill to seed and shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally; Then seed, 54g marine alga continuous cropping agent after 42g vernalization are mixed, tiling leaves standstill 11min and obtains processing rear seed;
S2, nursery: the livestock and poultry fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed 125 parts by weight, 140 parts of soil mix, put into pot for growing seedlings after crossing 7 mesh sieves, and then seed after 12 parts of process is imbedded pot for growing seedlings, length of embedment is 2cm; The pot for growing seedlings imbedding seed is put into the seedling rearing room of-1 DEG C, after insulation 44h, raise seedling rearing room day temperature to 27 DEG C, evening temperature be 14 DEG C, be incubated and within 23 days, obtain yellow fraction melon seedling;
S3, field planting: build long for 84m, high be 2.6m, the wide booth for 9m, select the daytime of continuous sunny, soil in booth watered permeable rear covering with plastic film, then by mulch film compacting, then close booth two end entrance, open the entrance of booth one end after tanning by the sun 13 days continuously, take mulch film off; To clear up on booth seedbed after foreign material again, plowed soils is to 13cm, then 6kg sawdust heap is placed respectively at booth two end entrance, 3kg Cosan is covered equably on sawdust heap, then 1.5kg stalk is covered on Cosan equably, after lighting, close booth entrance, after 27h, discharge flue gas in booth; To seedbed applying fertilizer, every 667m
2use 1800kg to become thoroughly decomposed fertilizer, 240kg pool ditch mud, 51kg composite fertilizer, in composite fertilizer, the weight ratio of N P and K is 14:8:9; Then turn over, the degree of depth of turning over is 26cm, and by yellow fraction melon planting seedlings, the spacing of field planting is 38cm × 72cm, and then water steady seedling, slow seedling; When newborn cucumber seedling has 4 leaves, spray the ethephon solution that mass fraction is 0.04wt%;
S4, microspray irrigation apply fertilizer: after newborn cucumber seedling delays seedling, and in booth, once, the microspray irrigation time is 23min to morning and evening every day each microspray irrigation; The melon phase contained by yellow fraction melon, and morning, noon and afternoon every day each microspray irrigation once, is mixed into 2.8kg carbonic hydroammonium, 0.6kg superphosphate, 0.4kg potassium sulfate during each microspray irrigation, the microspray irrigation time is 1.6h; Yellow fraction melon top melon breeding time, every day sooner or later each microspray irrigation once, the microspray irrigation time is 17min;
Wherein, microspray irrigation facility is made up of water source, pre-treatment parts, supervisor, arm, micro-nozzle road, gate valve and mini sprinkler; Pre-treatment parts are made up of size pump, fertilizer applicator, filter, restraining gate valve; The caliber of supervisor is 123mm, and the caliber of arm is 84mm, and the caliber in micro-nozzle road is 21mm, and the height in micro-nozzle road is 24cm; The spacing of mini sprinkler is 0.6m, pressure is 2.8kg/cm
2, the flow of mini sprinkler is 2L/h;
S5, Plant adjustment: when newborn cucumber seedling 8, hang climing, extract side shoot, tendril;
S6, the extermination of disease and insect pest: comprise trapping, vexedly to kill; Wherein, the concrete operations of trapping are as follows: in booth, interval 6m arranges the pull rope that is parallel to ground, the two ends of pull rope are separately fixed on the support of 2.3m, support, apart from ground 1.3m, is of a size of the yellow haftplatte of 16cm × 12cm, 2 purple haftplatte intervals is fixed on pull rope by 4; Vexedly kill concrete operations and be: suffer from the mould frost sick initial stage at yellow fraction melon, select the daytime of fine day, after soil irrigates in booth, next day closes booth, opens the half door of booth one end entrance after 2.5h;
S7, harvesting: open latter 7 days of female flower, when yellow fraction melon long for 14cm, transverse diameter be 2.6cm time, can gather.
Embodiment 4
The one nuisanceless yellow fraction melon greenhouse cultivation method that the present invention proposes, comprises the following steps:
S1, seed treatment: newborn cucumber seeds is tanned by the sun 2.2h in the sun, then put into the water that temperature is 53 DEG C, is stirred to seed, aqueous mixtures temperature is 21 DEG C, washes seed by hand by rubbing with the hands to surface without mucus; Seed after peeling is dropped into temperature is 22 DEG C, concentration is in the carbendazim aqueous solution of 0.02wt%, take out after soaking 3.5h, tiling leaves standstill to seed and shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally; Then seed, 52g marine alga continuous cropping agent after 43g vernalization are mixed, tiling leaves standstill 13min and obtains processing rear seed;
S2, nursery: the livestock and poultry fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed 128 parts by weight, 135 parts of soil mix, put into pot for growing seedlings after crossing 6 mesh sieves, and then seed after 13 parts of process is imbedded pot for growing seedlings, length of embedment is 1cm; The pot for growing seedlings imbedding seed is put in the seedling rearing room of 1 DEG C, after insulation 38h, raise seedling rearing room day temperature to 28 DEG C, evening temperature be 13 DEG C, be incubated and within 24 days, obtain yellow fraction melon seedling;
S3, field planting: build long for 82m, high be 2.7m, the wide booth for 8m, select the daytime of continuous sunny, soil in booth watered permeable rear covering with plastic film, then by mulch film compacting, then close booth two end entrance, open the entrance of booth one end after tanning by the sun 14 days continuously, take mulch film off; To clear up on booth seedbed after foreign material again, plowed soils is to 11cm, then 7kg sawdust heap is placed respectively at booth two end entrance, 2.5kg Cosan is covered equably on sawdust heap, then 2kg stalk is covered on Cosan equably, after lighting, close booth entrance, after 26h, discharge flue gas in booth;
Booth is carried out high temperature treatment, then carry out stifling after, to seedbed applying fertilizer, every 667m
2use 2100kg to become thoroughly decomposed fertilizer, 230kg pool ditch mud, 52kg composite fertilizer, in composite fertilizer, the weight ratio of N P and K is 13:9:8; Then turn over, the degree of depth of turning over is 27cm, and by yellow fraction melon planting seedlings, the spacing of field planting is 36cm × 73cm, and then water steady seedling, slow seedling; When newborn cucumber seedling has 3 leaves, spray the ethephon solution that mass fraction is 0.05wt%;
S4, microspray irrigation apply fertilizer: after newborn cucumber seedling delays seedling, and in booth, once, the microspray irrigation time is 24min to morning and evening every day each microspray irrigation; The melon phase contained by yellow fraction melon, and morning, noon and afternoon every day each microspray irrigation once, is mixed into 2.2kg carbonic hydroammonium, 0.7kg superphosphate, 0.3kg potassium sulfate during each microspray irrigation, the microspray irrigation time is 2h; Yellow fraction melon top melon breeding time, every day sooner or later each microspray irrigation once, the microspray irrigation time is 16min;
Wherein, microspray irrigation facility is made up of water source, pre-treatment parts, supervisor, arm, micro-nozzle road, gate valve and mini sprinkler; Pre-treatment parts are made up of size pump, fertilizer applicator, filter, restraining gate valve; The caliber of supervisor is 128mm, and the caliber of arm is 82mm, and the caliber in micro-nozzle road is 24mm, and the height in micro-nozzle road is 22cm; The spacing of mini sprinkler is 0.8m, pressure is 2.7kg/cm
2, the flow of mini sprinkler is 2.5L/h;
S5, Plant adjustment: when newborn cucumber seedling 7, hang climing, extract side shoot, tendril;
S6, the extermination of disease and insect pest: comprise trapping, vexedly to kill; Wherein, the concrete operations of trapping are as follows: in booth, interval 7m arranges the pull rope that is parallel to ground, the two ends of pull rope are separately fixed on the support of 2.2m, support, apart from ground 1.4m, is of a size of the yellow haftplatte of 18cm × 11cm, 3 purple haftplatte intervals is fixed on pull rope by 3; Vexedly kill concrete operations and be: suffer from the mould frost sick initial stage at yellow fraction melon, select the daytime of fine day, after soil irrigates in booth, next day closes booth, opens the half door of booth one end entrance after 2.2h;
S7, harvesting: open latter 8 days of female flower, when yellow fraction melon long for 13cm, transverse diameter be 2.8cm time, can gather.
Detect embodiment of the present invention 1-4, select conventional greenhouse gardening method as a control group, in same soil fertility condition, fertilizing amount and field pipe measure situation, its result is as follows:
| Embodiment 1 ~ 4 mean value | Control group | |
| Output (kg/667m 2) | 2876.6 | 2284.2 |
| Commodity melon rate (%) | 87.2 | 75.4 |
The above; be only the present invention's preferably embodiment; but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto; anyly be familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; be equal to according to technical scheme of the present invention and inventive concept thereof and replace or change, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a nuisanceless yellow fraction melon greenhouse cultivation method, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
S1, seed treatment: newborn cucumber seeds is removed the peel, vernalization diseases prevention process obtains processing rear seed;
S2, nursery: the livestock and poultry fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed 120 ~ 130 parts by weight, 130 ~ 150 parts of soil mix, and put into pot for growing seedlings after sieving, then seed after 10 ~ 15 parts of process is imbedded pot for growing seedlings, length of embedment is 1 ~ 2cm; The pot for growing seedlings imbedding seed is put into the seedling rearing room of-2 ~ 2 DEG C, after insulation 36 ~ 48h, raise seedling rearing room day temperature to 26 ~ 30 DEG C, evening temperature be 12 ~ 15 DEG C, be incubated and within 22 ~ 25 days, obtain yellow fraction melon seedling;
S3, field planting: booth is carried out high temperature treatment, then carry out stifling after, to seedbed applying fertilizer, every 667 ㎡ use 1600 ~ 2200kg and to become thoroughly decomposed fertilizer, 220 ~ 250kg pool ditch mud, 50 ~ 53kg composite fertilizer; Then turn over, by yellow fraction melon planting seedlings, water steady seedling, slow seedling; When newborn cucumber seedling has 3 ~ 4 leaves, spray the ethephon solution that mass fraction is 0.04 ~ 0.06wt%;
S4, microspray irrigation apply fertilizer: after newborn cucumber seedling delays seedling, and in booth, once, the microspray irrigation time is 22 ~ 25min to morning and evening every day each microspray irrigation; The melon phase contained by yellow fraction melon, and morning, noon and afternoon every day each microspray irrigation once, is mixed into 2 ~ 3kg carbonic hydroammonium, 0.5 ~ 0.8kg superphosphate, 0.3 ~ 0.5kg potassium sulfate during each microspray irrigation, the microspray irrigation time is 1.5 ~ 2h; Yellow fraction melon top melon breeding time, every day sooner or later each microspray irrigation once, the microspray irrigation time is 15 ~ 18min;
S5, Plant adjustment: when newborn cucumber seedling is long have 7 ~ 8 time, hang climing, extract side shoot, tendril;
S6, the extermination of disease and insect pest: comprise trapping, vexedly to kill;
S7, harvesting: after female flower is open 6 ~ 10 days, when yellow fraction melon length be 12 ~ 15cm, transverse diameter be 2.5 ~ 3cm time, can gather.
2. nuisanceless yellow fraction melon greenhouse cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in S1, the process of removing the peel is: newborn cucumber seeds is tanned by the sun 2 ~ 3h in the sun, then the water that temperature is 50 ~ 55 DEG C is put into, be stirred to seed, aqueous mixtures temperature is 20 ~ 23 DEG C, wash seed by hand by rubbing with the hands to surface without mucus.
3. nuisanceless yellow fraction melon greenhouse cultivation method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, in S1, vernalization diseases prevention process is: be in the carbendazim aqueous solution of 20 ~ 23 DEG C by after peeling, seed drops into temperature, soaks after 3 ~ 5h and takes out, and tiling leaves standstill to seed and shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally; Then seed, 50 ~ 55g marine alga continuous cropping agent after 40 ~ 45g vernalization are mixed, tiling leaves standstill 10 ~ 15min and obtains processing rear seed; Preferably, the concentration of the carbendazim aqueous solution is 0.01 ~ 0.03wt%.
4. nuisanceless yellow fraction melon greenhouse cultivation method according to any one of claim 1-3, is characterized in that, in S2, the order number sieved is 5 ~ 8 orders.
5. nuisanceless yellow fraction melon greenhouse cultivation method according to any one of claim 1-4, is characterized in that, in S3, the length of booth is 80 ~ 85m, is highly 2.5 ~ 2.8m, and width is 7 ~ 10m.
6. nuisanceless yellow fraction melon greenhouse cultivation method according to any one of claim 1-5, it is characterized in that, in S3, the concrete operations of high temperature treatment are: the daytime selecting continuous sunny, soil in booth is watered permeable rear covering with plastic film, then by mulch film compacting, then closes booth two end entrance, open the entrance of booth one end after tanning by the sun 13 ~ 15 days continuously, take mulch film off; Preferably, in S3, stifling concrete operations are as follows: select carry out fine daytime, on cleaning booth seedbed after foreign material, and plowed soils to 10 ~ 15cm, then 5 ~ 8kg sawdust heap is placed respectively at booth two end entrance, 2 ~ 3kg Cosan is covered equably on sawdust heap, then 1 ~ 2kg stalk is covered on Cosan, after lighting equably, close booth entrance, after 24 ~ 28h, discharge flue gas in booth.
7. nuisanceless yellow fraction melon greenhouse cultivation method according to any one of claim 1-6, is characterized in that, in S3, the degree of depth of turning over is 25 ~ 30cm, and the spacing of field planting is 35 ~ 40cm × 70 ~ 75cm.
8. nuisanceless yellow fraction melon greenhouse cultivation method according to any one of claim 1-7, is characterized in that, in S3, in composite fertilizer, the weight ratio of N P and K is 12 ~ 15:7 ~ 10:8 ~ 9.
9. nuisanceless yellow fraction melon greenhouse cultivation method according to any one of claim 1-8, is characterized in that, in S4, microspray irrigation facility is made up of water source, pre-treatment parts, supervisor, arm, micro-nozzle road, gate valve and mini sprinkler; Preferably, pre-treatment parts are made up of size pump, fertilizer applicator, filter, restraining gate valve; The caliber of supervisor is 120 ~ 130mm, and the caliber of arm is 80 ~ 85mm, and the caliber in micro-nozzle road is 20 ~ 25mm, and the height in micro-nozzle road is 20 ~ 25cm; Preferably, the spacing of mini sprinkler is 0.5 ~ 1m, pressure is 2.6 ~ 3kg/cm
2, the flow of mini sprinkler is 1.8 ~ 3L/h.
10. nuisanceless yellow fraction melon greenhouse cultivation method according to any one of claim 1 ~ 9, it is characterized in that, in S6, the concrete operations of trapping are as follows: in booth, interval 5 ~ 8m arranges the pull rope that is parallel to ground, 3 ~ 5 is of a size of the yellow haftplatte of 15 ~ 20cm × 10 ~ 12cm, 2 ~ 4 purple haftplatte intervals are fixed on pull rope; Preferably, in S6, the two ends of pull rope are separately fixed on the support of 2 ~ 2.5m, and support is apart from ground 1.2 ~ 1.5m; Preferably, in S6, vexedly kill concrete operations and be: suffer from the mould frost sick initial stage at yellow fraction melon, select the daytime of fine day, after soil irrigates in booth, next day closes booth, opens the half door of booth one end entrance after 2 ~ 3h.
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