CN105409704A - Planting method of Dongmei date trees - Google Patents
Planting method of Dongmei date trees Download PDFInfo
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- CN105409704A CN105409704A CN201610028190.7A CN201610028190A CN105409704A CN 105409704 A CN105409704 A CN 105409704A CN 201610028190 A CN201610028190 A CN 201610028190A CN 105409704 A CN105409704 A CN 105409704A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method of date trees. The planting method comprises the following steps of (1) field selection: selecting rich soil which is sufficient in illumination and uniform in rainwater; (2) nursery building: carrying out planting work in Spring and Winter; (3) management after planting: immediately watering nursery stocks of the date trees after the nursery stocks are planted, drenching the nursery stocks and straightening the nursery stocks; (4) fertilizer application: applying a base fertilizer after fruit picking and before leaf falling or in the next spring, wherein the base fertilizer is based mainly on an organic fertilizer and particularly farmyard manure; (5) water management: irrigating in time when the soil is droughty; (6) winter pruning: carrying out shaping, branch quantity regulating and branch system updating after leaf falling; pruning the date trees into small and sparse canopy shapes, freedom spindle shapes or open-center tree shapes; (7) flower and fruit management: 7a, bud picking and pinching; 7b, girdling; 7c, fertilizer and gibberellin spraying; 7d, fruit thinning: reasonably determining a load capacity according to the tree age and the tree vigor; (8) disease and pest control and prevention: adopting a measure of cutting off diseased and pest branches; (9) harvesting: harvesting in mid-August, and harvesting when date fruits grow to a half red stage.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of application technology, particularly a kind of jujube tree implantation methods, belongs to agriculture field.
Background technology
Jujube (Zizyphussp.) is Rhamnaceae jujube, defoliation small arbor, rare shrub, and up to more than 10 rice, bark brown or taupe, the long 1-6 millimeter of petiole, originate in China, cultivation history is long, widely distributed.Various in the cultivated area broad variety of China's jujube, the jujube class of known various places plantation has: rake teeth jujube, garden, Minqin jujube (little jujube), plate jujube, Shaanxi benzene jujube, Linze jujube, bivalve jujube, Shandong are lain jujube, osculum jujube, youth's jujube, garden, Dali jujube, Zanxindazao etc.Various jujube tree has a large amount of similitudes in the planting patterns of various places, but the Plant plane of routine cannot ensure the quantum of output that all types of jujube trees reaches best usually.Although studies have reported that the implantation methods of jujube tree, how not there is the characteristic of region, kind, be difficult to apply.
As Chinese patent CN103563705A discloses the implantation methods of a kind of jujube tree, in 1 to March of year, dig pit next year having opened the jujube tree limit of spending, described hole, around described jujube tree, fills fertilizer in hole; In 4 to June, around jujube tree trunk, 1 to 1.5 meter to spray with phoxim liquid or to coat mythimna separata medicament at butt place, and ties up a circle plastic tape smearing position; The above position, ground of jujube tree is sprayed with gibberellin+clean mycomycin spraying; In 7 to September, on the ground of jujube tree, boron fertilizer is sprayed at above position; In October, spray above position, jujube tree ground with gibberellin+clean mycomycin spraying, and spread the mixture of soil, plant dead leaf and animal wastes in distance trunk 10 to 50 centimeters; November, on the ground of jujube tree, boron fertilizer was sprayed at above position, and waters once every three days to December.The implantation methods of this patent, although have certain novelty, it mainly pays close attention to the application of chemical agent in planting process, has not both met the requirement of green agriculture, also cannot provide the green nourishing jujube fruit of high-quality.
" the Loess Region jujube cultivation technical and management measure " of the and for example people such as Liu Yan duckweed
[1]one literary composition, the concentrated discussion jujube tree planting technology in loess hill area, for Loess Region in North Shaanxi district feature, summarize jujube cultivation technology and control measures, for the Sustainable Healthy Development of Zizhou County and even Loess Region in North Shaanxi district jujube tree industry provides scientific basis, the characteristic fruit for locality is planted and water and soil conservation provides technological guidance.But for the area plantation jujube tree of non-loess geology, not there is good technology enlightenment.
Present people's quality of life is more and more higher, keeps dietotherapy etc. to have higher pursuit, be rich in sugar, protein, fat and mineral matter, as common nourishing food, be also more and more subject to the favor of people in fresh jujube for nutrition.Meanwhile, the safety understanding for food is deepened, and the requirement for pollution-free food also improves further, and defining gradually with environmental protection is the eating habit pursued, for the requirement more Gao Gengyan of jujube fruit plantation.
Document [1] Liu Yanping, Liu Yaolan, Liu Yajuan. Loess Region jujube cultivation technical and management measure [J]. Shaanxi forestry science and technology, 2010:66-68.DOI:doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-2117.2010.01.020.)
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome jujube tree plantation in prior art and rest on the pursuit of output more, or the developmental deficiency of region planting technology, a kind of nutritional jujube fruit implantation methods of green health is provided.Jujube fruit planting technology provided by the invention can improve the quality of jujube fruit in jujube tree planting process significantly, makes jujube industry turn to the raising of benefit by the raising of output.Reduce the dependence of chemical fertilizer, improve the green health quality of jujube fruit, realize modernization sustainable agriculture development.
In order to realize foregoing invention object, the invention provides following technical scheme:
A kind of jujube tree implantation methods, comprises the following steps:
(1) field addressing: select the illumination of height above sea level 400-800 rice sufficient, the uniform rich soil of rainwater, the good soil of ecological condition is as field, nursery.Described ecological condition well refers in attachment 10 kilometers do not have pollution source, and the factory with waste gas, waste liquid or waste discharge is evenly designated as pollution source.Preferably, field addressing should be the agricultural producing areas with sustainable production capacity.History that soil is pollution-free.
(2) nursery is set up: spring, season in winter two carry out work of planting.According to line-spacing 3 ~ 4 meters, spacing in the rows 2 ~ 3 meters, digs length and width, the planting hole of deeply each 50 ~ 60 centimetres, or digs line-spacing 3 ~ 4 meters, the planting furrow of dark wide each 50 ~ 60 centimetres.Every mu of 55 ~ 111 strain jujube tree seedlings of planting.
Further, jujube tree seedling Plant plane is as follows: back-filling trench (cave) after first mixing with soil with the fertilizer 10 ~ 15 kilograms of high-quality.Then in ditch (cave), dig the planting pit of each 25 ~ 40 centimetres of length, width and height, jujube tree seedling is put into planting pit, root system is unfolded naturally, backfill soil limit is also steady and sure, and the depth of planting is advisable so that jujube tree shoot root neck position is equal with earth's surface.
Preferably, with optimum of planting during early March.
Preferably, described jujube tree seedling is robust plant, has no mechanical damage, and height of seedling is greater than 100 centimetres, and more than grafting mouth 5 centimeters diameters are greater than 1 centimetre, and root system is complete, more than 3 millimeters, base footpath, has 3 with the jujube tree seedling of upside root.
(3) management after planting:
Water immediately after jujube tree transplanted seedling tree, drench, and righting nursery stock.Fixed dry, heading height 60 ~ 80 centimetres.Preferably, if transplant in spring, also need plastic mulching: carry out before rudiment in spring, water in advance, bonnet mulch film, reach the object improving the gentle soil moisture conservation in ground.
Further, also comprise intertillage to loosen the soil: the intertillage degree of depth is generally at 5 ~ 10 centimetres.After watering, intertillage is loosened the soil in good time.Intertillage wants first shallow deeply rear, prevents from hindering root too much.
Further, before jujube tree field planting, do not carry out deep ploughing slaking or planting pit too small, all should after treelet field planting in several years, in preferred 1-5, carry out deep ploughing expansion cave.Adopt and expand cave method year by year or next year plough deeply method every strain, can carry out in conjunction with basal dressing.
Further, also comprise and cover grass: You Ling garden Yi Shu dish covers grass, Cheng Ling Yuan Kequan covers grass in garden.Cover careless thickness 15 ~ 20 centimetres.Covering grass seeds class is weeds, leaf, crops straw etc.Combine before covering grass to plough deeply or deeply uproot and water, execute compoiste fertilizer 0.2 ~ 0.5 kilogram by the strain of age of tree size.Cover grass after 4 ~ 5 years, grass to be turned over, and then cover grass.
(4) apply fertilizer: to the front basal dressing of fallen leaves after fruit picking, base manure is based on fertilizer, and particularly farmyard manure is main, and treelet executes 30 ~ 50 kilograms/strain, one-tenth tree in age executes 50 ~ 100 kilograms/strain.Adopt the method for ditch spread to carry out, dig radial furrow or dig annular groove in tree crown periphery, ditch depth 15 ~ 20 centimetres under tree crown, loam mixes.Fertilizer and soil mix.Organic manure is environmentally friendly, and relative to macroelement chemical fertilizer and micro-chemical fertilizer, its nutrition is rationally balanced, effectively can keep or increase the microbial activity in soil fertility and soil, promotes that tree body is grown up healthy and sound.Described farmyard manure is that ground slag muck is put process and added oil cake.Oil cake, the class fertilizer made with the residue of seed after squeezing is deoiled that various oil composition is more, as colza cake, cottonseed cake, soya-bean cake, sesame-send cake, groundnut cake etc., i.e. oil cake, cake fertilizer.Further, when farmyard manure deficiency, can based on farmyard manure, a small amount of organic chemical fertilizer of appropriate interpolation and/or other organic manure, used in combination, the ratio of farmyard manure must not lower than 70% (weight).
Further, described semi supplied manure: comprise compost, make compost, the fertile and humic acid fertilizer of barnyard manure, biogas manure, cake fertilizer, green manure, crops straw.Every compost, all to need through 50 DEG C, with top fermentation 5 ~ 7 days, must not use the fertilizer without fully becoming thoroughly decomposed.Preferably, adopt the method applying organic manure of buried straw-returning, increase soil fertility.
Preferably, described commercial fertilizer: comprise organic commercial fertilizer, microbial manure, compoiste fertilizer, inorganic (mineral) fertilizer etc.Other organic manure described: refer to not containing noxious material, the fertilizer that the organic matters such as domestic birds and animals processing waste material are made.
Further, fertilising further comprises soil topdressing: topdress every year three times, and before rudiment, Hua Qian, young fruit expanding stage carry out.Topdress before rudiment based on quick-acting punching fertilising, before spending, execute phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer or efficient biofertilizer with young fruit expanding stage.Employing multi-acupoint is excuted a law, and waters in time after topdressing.
Further, fertilising further comprises top dressing: spray 0.3% ~ 0.5% aqueous solution of urea before spending; Florescence, young fruit period spray the mixed liquor 2 ~ 3 times of state's light boron of 1200 times of liquid, state's light phosphorus and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
(5) water management: pour water in time during soil drought, pours water 2 ~ 3 times, point rudiment water, Hua Qianshui, swollen fruit water.Take drip irrigation, microspray irrigation and little border irrigation water law, avoid and use broad irrigation.Preferably, also comprise trimming drain ditch, improve ability of draining flooded fields rainy season.
Described rudiment water waters for 1-7 days before rudiment is bloomed.After surviving the winter, jujube tree soil moisture in flowering stage comparatively lacks, and pour water and can promote rudiment and young sprout growth, expand leaf area, strengthen photosynthesis, in order to bloom, setting creates conditions.
Describedly spending front water, is watered in 1-2 week before the florescence, promotes the overall growth conditions of fruit tree, improves the amount of blooming, and promotes the volume increase of jujube fruit accordingly.
Described swollen fruit water waters within Post flowering 1-2 week.When Fruit, young sprout growth is vigorous, and moisture content demand is large, easily causes leaf fruit to fight for moisture, causes the serious problems such as shedding, suitably keep the skin wet, promote fruit growth.
(6) winter pruning: from fallen leaves after before next spring rudiment, preferably at the beginning of 3 months before rudiment, carry out shaping, branch amount adjustment and branch system upgrade.Be trimmed to coronule by tree-like to dredge layer shape, free spindle or happy shape tree-like.
(7) flower and fruit management:
7a, bud picking and pinching: erase the useless rudiment that trunk, skeleton branch are sprouted in time, control the growth of branch system, adjustment growing way and branches and leaves density, short flower setting and Fruit.From late April to early July, to growing space, less or adnation position jujube head improperly, stays 2 ~ 3 jujubes to lift up into row heavy pinching; To the jujube head having growing space, stay 3 ~ 5 Secondary Branchs to carry out pinching, pinching when Secondary Branch 3 ~ 5 saves, improve percentage of fertile fruit.
7b, band girdle: carry out when the amount of blooming reaches 30% ~ 40% of bud total amount, the band girdle time is generally 5 ~ 15 June.Band girdle mouth width is 1/8 ~ 1/10 of trunk or major branch rugosity.1 ~ 3 auxiliary support branch is left and taken during band girdle.
Described auxiliary support branch, the bough on the interlayer that Zhe Sheng does at center and major branch between side shoot is auxiliary support branch.The effect of auxiliary support branch is auxiliary foster tree body, balanced tree vigo(u)r, promotes result.
7c, spray fertilizer and gibberellin: within after band girdle 1 ~ 2 day, spray 10 ~ 15 mgs/kg of Gibberellins solution or mix the boron fertilizer dilution of 0.2% ~ 0.3%.
7d, fruit thinning: mid or late June physiological fallen fruit carries out after peak, rationally determines load capacity according to the age of tree, tree vigo(u)r, a general jujube hangs and stays 2 ~ 3 good fruits of fruit type.
Wherein, 7a ~ 7d does not have sequencing each other.
(9) gather
Mid-August gathers, and gathers to half red phase jujube fruit.Preferably, gather by stages, ripe a collection of, gather a collection of; Classification is gathered, according to fruit size and coloring degree, with gathering with classification.
Further, adopt and manually gather, left hand is done a good job of it jujube and is hung, and the right hand holds jujube fruit properly, and thumb nips jujube handle, upwards exerts oneself, and gathers and selects, and avoid wounding it is attractive in appearance to affect jujube fruit as far as possible.
Further, comprising step (8) extermination of disease and insect pest: take to wipe out sick branch bar, remove dry branches and fallen leaves, turn over tree dish, the measures such as careless overlay film, applying organic manure of covering alleviate damage by disease and insect occur.If desired, according to insect biological property, take the method insect-killing trappings such as sugar-vinegar liquid, trapping lamp, insect sticker (plate).Application frequency trembler lamps, insect-sticking plate, the various pests of frequency trembler lamps to Lepidoptera, coleoptera, Homoptera has stronger trapping effect.
Further, can also biological control be adopted: artificial trichogramma releases, help natural enemies such as moving and protect ladybug, Chrysopa, Predatory Mites, soil application white muscardine fungi control peach fruit borer, utilize insects pheromone to trap and kill or the mating of interference adult.
Further, when damage by disease and insect is serious, botanical pesticide, animal pesticide, microbial pesticide and mineral sources agricultural chemicals can be adopted to carry out sterilization.Often kind uses 1 time at most every year.Last dispenser should more than 45 days apart from interval picking time.When selecting pesticide variety, time of application and application process, should be noted that the natural enemy of protection insect.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention:
1. jujube tree implantation methods of the present invention, field addressing has the agricultural producing areas of sustainable production capacity, existing sustainable development ecological agriculture garden environment can either be coordinated, the Ecological Development of agricultural in garden can be promoted again, there is the feature of green economy agricultural.
2. jujube tree implantation methods of the present invention, applies using farm organic fertilizer as base manure, buried in the root soil of jujube tree plantation, effectively can transform the growing environment of sapling, improve jujube growth speed, environmental protect situation.And, the present invention avoids using chemical fertilizer as far as possible, and the environmental ecology sustainable development for plantation has outstanding meaning, and the sanitary waste waste liquid in garden etc. cure into the farmyard manure of high-quality through biofermentation, the pollutant process of the garden both solved, turn improves economic benefit.
3. jujube tree implantation methods of the present invention is in conjunction with the basic procedure situation of jujube fruit growth and maturity, and topdress in good time and ensure that fertility is effectively converted into fruit after absorbing, application transformation efficiency of building up fertility, avoids light to come into leaves, fruitless defect.
4. jujube tree implantation methods of the present invention provides the interference of science to the conversion that jujube tree yields positive results, and the growth adjustment of branch system is controlled well, and flower seat Fruit degree is suitable for.Rationally determine load capacity according to the age of tree, tree vigo(u)r, percentage of fertile fruit is high, and the product of jujube fruit resemble.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with test example and embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.But this should be interpreted as that the scope of the above-mentioned theme of the present invention is only limitted to following embodiment, all technology realized based on content of the present invention all belong to scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Select height above sea level 400-600 rice, illumination is sufficient, and the uniform rich soil of rainwater, 3 mu, the soil that ecological condition is good, as field, nursery.Do not have pollution source in adhering to 10 kilometers, the factory with waste gas, waste liquid or waste discharge is evenly designated as pollution source.
According to line-spacing 3 meters, spacing in the rows 2 meters, digs length and width, the planting hole of deeply each 50 centimetres, carries out work of planting, the jujube tree seedling of 1-1.3 rice of planting in mid-March in spring.Water immediately after having planted, drench, and righting nursery stock.Fixed dry, heading height 60 ~ 80 centimetres.Water bonnet mulch film, reaches the object improving the gentle soil moisture conservation in ground.Plantation is carried out intertillage after 2-3 month and is loosened the soil, the degree of depth 5 ~ 10 centimetres.Carry out after having intertilled covering grass work: You Ling garden Yi Shu dish covers grass 50% ~ 70% (area), if grass is covered in Cheng Ling Yuan Zequan garden.Cover careless thickness 15 ~ 20 centimetres.Covering grass seeds class is weeds, leaf, crops straw etc.
Basal dressing after fruit picking in the first year, base manure is based on farmyard manure, and treelet executes 30 ~ 50 kilograms/strain.Adopt the method for ditch spread to carry out, dig radial furrow or dig annular groove in tree crown periphery, ditch depth 15 ~ 20 centimetres under tree crown, loam mixes.
Described semi supplied manure comprises: compost, make compost, the fertile and humic acid fertilizer of barnyard manure, biogas manure, cake fertilizer, green manure, crops straw.Every compost, all to need through 50 DEG C, with top fermentation 5 ~ 7 days, must not use the fertilizer without fully becoming thoroughly decomposed.While basal dressing, buried straw-returning, increases soil fertility.
Water management: pour water in time during soil drought, pours water 2 ~ 3 times, point rudiment water, Hua Qianshui, swollen fruit water.Take drip irrigation, microspray irrigation and little border irrigation water law, avoid and use broad irrigation.Further, if moisture is abundant/too much, also needs to rebuild drain ditch, improve ability of draining flooded fields rainy season, prevent trouble before it happens.
Winter pruning: after fallen leaves before next spring rudiment, with the most suitable before rudiment at the beginning of 3 months, carries out shaping, the adjustment of branch amount and branch system and upgrades.The tree-like coronule that is trimmed to is dredged layer shape or free spindle.
Bud picking and pinching: erase the useless rudiment that trunk, skeleton branch are sprouted in time, control the growth of branch system, adjustment growing way and branches and leaves density, short flower setting and Fruit.From late April to early July, to growing space, less or adnation position jujube head improperly, stays 2 ~ 3 jujubes to lift up into row heavy pinching; To the jujube head having growing space, stay 3 ~ 5 Secondary Branchs to carry out pinching, pinching when Secondary Branch 3 ~ 5 saves, improve percentage of fertile fruit.
Band girdle: 30% ~ 40% (quantity) reaching bud total amount when the amount of blooming is carried out, the band girdle time is generally 5 ~ 15 June.Band girdle mouth width is 1/8 ~ 1/10 of trunk or major branch rugosity.1 ~ 3 auxiliary support branch is left and taken during band girdle.
Mid-August gathers, and gathers to half red phase point is red, gathers by stages, ripe a collection of, gathers a collection of.Adopt and manually gather, left hand is done a good job of it jujube and is hung, and the right hand holds jujube fruit properly, and thumb nips jujube handle, upwards exerts oneself, and gathers and selects, and avoid wounding it is attractive in appearance to affect jujube fruit as far as possible.
Embodiment 2
In the agricultural producing areas of the sustainable production capacity of height above sea level 500-700 rice, selective light shines 3 mu sufficient, fertile soil, as field, nursery.According to line-spacing 3 ~ 4 meters, the planting furrow of dark wide each 50 ~ 60 centimetres, back-filling trench (cave) after first mixing with soil with the fertilizer 10 ~ 15 kilograms of high-quality.Then in ditch (cave), dig the planting pit of each 25 ~ 40 centimetres of length, width and height, jujube tree seedling is put into planting pit, root system is unfolded naturally, backfill soil limit is also steady and sure, and the depth of planting is advisable so that jujube tree shoot root neck position is equal with earth's surface.Water immediately after jujube tree transplanted seedling tree, drench, and righting nursery stock.
Plantation is carried out intertillage after 2-3 month and is loosened the soil, and intertillage wants first shallow deeply rear, prevents from hindering root too much.Carry out after having intertilled covering grass work: You Ling garden Yi Shu dish covers grass 50% ~ 70%, if grass is covered in Cheng Ling Yuan Zequan garden.Cover careless thickness 15 ~ 20 centimetres.Combine before covering grass to plough deeply or deeply uproot and water, execute compoiste fertilizer 0.2 ~ 0.5 kilogram by the strain of age of tree size.
Jujube garden intercropping: the cloudy resistance to cool short stalk crops of happiness such as cultivate peanut in the ranks in You Ling garden, vegetables, strawberry, and regularly to the weeding of jujube garden.
To front or the next spring basal dressing of falling leaves after fruit picking, base manure is based on farmyard manure, and add 10%-20% macroelement fertile, treelet executes 30 ~ 50 kilograms/strain, becomes set age and executes 50 ~ 100 kilograms/strain.Adopt the method for ditch spread to carry out, dig radial furrow or dig annular groove in tree crown periphery, ditch depth 15 ~ 20 centimetres under tree crown, loam mixes.
Soil topdressing: topdress every year three times, before rudiment, Hua Qian, young fruit expanding stage carry out.Topdress before rudiment based on quick-acting punching fertilising, before spending, execute phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer or efficient biofertilizer with young fruit expanding stage.Employing multi-acupoint is excuted a law, and waters in time after topdressing.
Top dressing: spray 0.3% ~ 0.5% (weight) aqueous solution of urea before spending; Florescence, young fruit period spray the mixed liquor 2 ~ 3 times of state's light boron of 1200 times of liquid, state's light phosphorus and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
Water management: pour water in time during soil drought, particularly before and after budding period, florescence, the swollen fruit phase notes taking precautions against drought, and pours water.
Winter pruning: carry out shaping, the adjustment of branch amount and branch system at the beginning of 3 months and upgrade before rudiment.Be trimmed to coronule by tree-like to dredge layer shape, free spindle or happy shape tree-like.
Flower and fruit management: erase the useless rudiment that trunk, skeleton branch are sprouted in time, controls the growth of branch system, adjustment growing way and branches and leaves density, short flower setting and Fruit.Carry out band girdle when the amount of blooming reaches 30% ~ 40% of bud total amount, band girdle mouth width is 1/8 ~ 1/10 of trunk or major branch rugosity, leaves and takes 1 ~ 3 auxiliary support branch during band girdle.
Further, within 1 ~ 2 day after band girdle, spray 10 ~ 15 mgs/kg of Gibberellins solution or mix the boron fertilizer dilution of 0.2% ~ 0.3%.
Further, mid or late June physiological fallen fruit carries out after peak, rationally determines load capacity according to the age of tree, tree vigo(u)r, and a general jujube hangs and stays 2 ~ 3 good fruits of fruit type.
Mid-August gathers, and adopt and manually gather, left hand is done a good job of it jujube and hung, and the right hand holds jujube fruit properly, and thumb nips jujube handle, upwards exerts oneself, and gathers and selects, and avoid wounding it is attractive in appearance to affect jujube fruit as far as possible.Classification is gathered, according to fruit size and coloring degree, with gathering with classification.
Embodiment 3
Implementation process, with embodiment 2, mainly comprises the extermination of disease and insect pest: take to wipe out sick branch bar, remove dry branches and fallen leaves, turn over tree dish, the measures such as careless overlay film, applying organic manure of covering alleviate damage by disease and insect occur.In the ranks, key position arranges sugar-vinegar liquid, trapping lamp, insect sticker insect-killing trapping.
Embodiment 4
In the agricultural producing areas of the sustainable production capacity of height above sea level 400-700 rice, selective light is according to sufficient, and the uniform rich soil of rainwater, 3 mu, the soil that ecological condition is good, as field, nursery.According to line-spacing 3 ~ 4 meters, spacing in the rows 2 ~ 3 meters, digs length and width, the planting hole of deeply each 50 ~ 60 centimetres, carries out in spring work of planting, and backfills planting hole after first mixing with soil with the fertilizer 10 ~ 15 kilograms of high-quality.Then in planting hole, dig the planting pit of each 25 ~ 40 centimetres of length, width and height, jujube tree seedling is put into planting pit, root system is unfolded naturally, backfill soil limit is also steady and sure.Described jujube tree seedling is robust plant, has no mechanical damage, and height of seedling is greater than 100 centimetres, and more than grafting mouth 5 centimeters diameters are greater than 1 centimetre, and root system is complete, more than 3 millimeters, base footpath, has 3 with the jujube tree seedling of upside root.
Water immediately after jujube tree transplanted seedling tree, drench, and righting nursery stock, covering with plastic film.Fixed dry, heading height 60 ~ 80 centimetres.After treelet field planting in several years, carry out deep ploughing and expand cave, adopt and expand cave method year by year, basal dressing while cave is expanded in deep ploughing.
To the front basal dressing of fallen leaves after fruit picking, base manure is based on farmyard manure, and add the organic commercial fertilizer of 15% (weight), treelet executes 30 ~ 50 kilograms/strain, and one-tenth tree in age executes 50 ~ 100 kilograms/strain.Adopt the method for ditch spread to carry out, dig radial furrow or dig annular groove in tree crown periphery, ditch depth 15 ~ 20 centimetres under tree crown, loam mixes.Annual before rudiment, Hua Qian, young fruit expanding stage topdress three times.Topdress before rudiment based on quick-acting punching fertilising, before spending, execute phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer or efficient biofertilizer with young fruit expanding stage.Employing multi-acupoint is excuted a law, and waters in time after topdressing.0.3% ~ 0.5% aqueous solution of urea is sprayed in addition before the florescence; Florescence, young fruit period spray the mixed liquor 2 ~ 3 times of state's light boron of 1200 times of liquid, state's light phosphorus and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
Water management: take drip irrigation method to pour water to nursery, strictly take precautions against arid.
Winter pruning: after fallen leaves before next spring rudiment, with the most suitable before rudiment at the beginning of 3 months, carries out shaping, the adjustment of branch amount and branch system and upgrades.Be trimmed to coronule by tree-like to dredge layer shape, free spindle or happy shape tree-like.
Flower and fruit management: erase the useless rudiment that trunk, skeleton branch are sprouted in time, controls the growth of branch system, adjustment growing way and branches and leaves density, short flower setting and Fruit.From late April to early July, to raw position jujube head improperly, 2 ~ 3 jujubes are stayed to lift up into row heavy pinching; To the jujube head having growing space, stay 3 ~ 5 Secondary Branchs to carry out pinching, pinching when Secondary Branch 3 ~ 5 saves, improve percentage of fertile fruit.Mid or late June physiological fallen fruit carries out after peak, rationally determines load capacity according to the age of tree, tree vigo(u)r, and a general jujube hangs and stays 2 ~ 3 good fruits of fruit type.Above flower and fruit management work does not have sequencing each other, can adjust according to actual production working condition.
Biological control insect: artificial trichogramma releases, helps natural enemies such as moving and protect ladybug, Chrysopa, Predatory Mites, soil application white muscardine fungi control peach fruit borer, utilizes insects pheromone to trap and kill or the mating of interference adult.Further, when damage by disease and insect is serious, the sulphur preparation in animal pesticide, microbial pesticide or mineral sources agricultural chemicals and copper agent can be adopted to prevent and treat, when selecting pesticide variety, time of application and application process, should be noted that the natural enemy of protection insect.
Mid-August gathers, and gather to half red phase point is red, adopt and manually gather, left hand is done a good job of it jujube and hung, and the right hand holds jujube fruit properly, and thumb nips jujube handle, upwards exerts oneself, and gathers to select, and avoid wounding it is really attractive in appearance to affect jujube as far as possible.
Embodiment 5
Implementation process, with embodiment 4, comprises control of insect, artificial trichogramma releases, helps natural enemies such as moving and protect ladybug, Chrysopa, Predatory Mites, soil application white muscardine fungi control peach fruit borer, utilizes insects pheromone to trap and kill or the mating of interference adult.Further, when damage by disease and insect is serious, botanical pesticide desinsection can be adopted, spray 1 time, interval 1-2 time-of-week.Must not picking fruit in 45 days after last dispenser.
Comparative example 1
Select the back of the body east orientation west of 500-600 rice height above sea level, illumination is sufficient, and rainwater is even, rich soil kind 3 mu of jujube tree nurseries of neutral meta-alkali.Adopt conventional scheme directly to cultivate jujube fruit, do not cultivate especially jujube fruit, finally same jujube fruit of manually gathering, gather from bottom to top when gathering, the accident collision for fruit when avoiding plucking operation damages.
Test case
In the late August in season of results, plucking in the jujube woods nursery of plant embodiment 1-5 and comparative example a kind, Softening is as follows: Stochastic choice 10 jujube trees, and on every jujube tree, pluck 50 fruit jujubes fruits at random.Entering comparative analysis by plucking the jujube fruit obtained, weighing the average weight of jujube fruit, compare the overall pattern performance of jujube fruit, concrete outcome is as shown in table 1 below.
Table 1 jujube fruit matter and pattern contrast
Contrasted from embodiment 1-5, adopt the weight of jujube woods fruit single the jujube fruit of implantation methods of the present invention to increase to some extent, the average quality more than 16.4 grams of single jujube fruit, jujube fruit pattern performance fruit is very large, and pulp is plump, good appearance.And comparative example 1 adopts general planting scheme, output and single the jujube fruit average quality of jujube fruit are lower slightly general with the performance of jujube fruit pattern, there is no outstanding advantages, major defect is that outward appearance is general, not there is the outstanding effect causing consumer's appetite, so the jujube fruit harvest yield of implantation methods of the present invention plantation and quality are better than traditional cultivation method.
Claims (10)
1. a jujube tree implantation methods, comprises the following steps:
(1) field addressing: select the illumination of height above sea level 400-800 rice sufficient, the uniform rich soil of rainwater, the good soil of ecological condition is as field, nursery;
(2) nursery is set up: spring, season in winter two carry out work of planting; According to line-spacing 3 ~ 4 meters, spacing in the rows 2 ~ 3 meters, digs length and width, the planting hole of deeply each 50 ~ 60 centimetres; Or dig line-spacing 3 ~ 4 meters, the planting furrow of dark wide each 50 ~ 60 centimetres; Every mu of 55 ~ 111 strain jujube tree seedlings of planting;
(3) management after planting:
Water immediately after jujube tree transplanted seedling tree, drench, and righting nursery stock; Fixed dry, heading height 60 ~ 80 centimetres;
(4) apply fertilizer: after fruit picking to fallen leaves before basal dressing, base manure based on fertilizer, particularly farmyard manure, treelet executes 30 ~ 50 kilograms/strain, become age tree execute 50 ~ 100 kilograms/strain;
Adopt the method for ditch spread to carry out, dig radial furrow or dig annular groove in tree crown periphery, ditch depth 15 ~ 20 centimetres under tree crown, loam mixes;
(5) water management: pour water in time during soil drought, pours water 2 ~ 3 times, point rudiment water, Hua Qianshui, swollen fruit water; Take drip irrigation, microspray irrigation or little border irrigation water law;
(6) winter pruning: after fallen leaves before next spring rudiment, with the most suitable before rudiment at the beginning of 3 months, carries out shaping, the adjustment of branch amount and branch system and upgrades; Be trimmed to coronule by tree-like to dredge layer shape, free spindle or happy shape tree-like;
(7) flower and fruit management:
7a, bud picking and pinching: control branch system and grow, adjustment growing way and branches and leaves density, short flower setting and Fruit;
From late April to early July, to growing space, less or adnation position jujube head improperly, stays 2 ~ 3 jujubes to lift up into row heavy pinching;
To the jujube head having growing space, stay 3 ~ 5 Secondary Branchs to carry out pinching, pinching when Secondary Branch 3 ~ 5 saves, improve percentage of fertile fruit;
7b, band girdle: carry out when the amount of blooming reaches 30% ~ 40% of bud total amount, the band girdle time is generally 5 ~ 15 June; Band girdle mouth width is 1/8 ~ 1/10 of trunk or major branch rugosity; 1 ~ 3 auxiliary support branch is left and taken during band girdle;
7c, spray fertilizer and gibberellin: within after band girdle 1 ~ 2 day, spray 10 ~ 15 mgs/kg of Gibberellins solution or mix the boron fertilizer dilution of 0.2% ~ 0.3%;
7d, fruit thinning: mid or late June physiological fallen fruit carries out after peak, rationally determines load capacity according to the age of tree, tree vigo(u)r, a general jujube hangs and stays 2 ~ 3 good fruits of fruit type;
Wherein, 7a ~ 7d does not have sequencing each other;
(8) extermination of disease and insect pest: take to wipe out sick branch bar, remove dry branches and fallen leaves, turn over tree dish, the measures such as careless overlay film, applying organic manure of covering alleviate damage by disease and insect occur;
(9) gather
Mid-August gathers, and gathers to half red phase jujube fruit.
2. jujube tree implantation methods as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (2), jujube tree seedling Plant plane is as follows: first mix back-filling trench or cave afterwards with the fertilizer 10 ~ 15 kilograms of high-quality with soil; Then in ditch or cave, dig the planting pit of each 25 ~ 40 centimetres of length, width and height, jujube tree seedling is put into planting pit, root system is unfolded naturally, backfill soil limit is also steady and sure, and the depth of planting is advisable so that jujube tree shoot root neck position is equal with earth's surface.
3. jujube tree implantation methods as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (2), the jujube tree time of planting is early March.
4. jujube tree implantation methods as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (3), if transplant in spring, also needs plastic mulching: carry out before rudiment in spring, water in advance, bonnet mulch film.
5. jujube tree implantation methods as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (3), also comprise intertillage and loosen the soil: the intertillage degree of depth is generally at 5 ~ 10 centimetres; After watering, intertillage is loosened the soil in good time.
6. jujube tree implantation methods as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (3), before jujube tree field planting, do not carry out deep ploughing slaking or planting pit too small, after treelet field planting in 1-5, deep ploughing expansion cave all should be carried out.
7. jujube tree implantation methods as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (4), fertilising further comprises soil topdressing: topdress every year three times, and before rudiment, Hua Qian, young fruit expanding stage carry out;
Topdress based on quick-acting punching fertilising before rudiment;
Phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer or efficient biofertilizer is executed with young fruit expanding stage before spending.
8. jujube tree implantation methods as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (4), fertilising further comprises top dressing: spray 0.3% ~ 0.5% aqueous solution of urea before spending; Florescence, young fruit period spray the mixed liquor 2 ~ 3 times of state's light boron of 1200 times of liquid, state's light phosphorus and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
9. jujube tree implantation methods as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (8), adopts biological control: artificial trichogramma releases, helps and moves and protect ladybug, Chrysopa.
10. jujube tree implantation methods as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (8), when disease is serious, adopts botanical pesticide, animal pesticide, microbial pesticide and mineral sources agricultural chemicals to carry out sterilization.
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