CN106613623A - Cultivation method of winter jujubes convenient to pick - Google Patents
Cultivation method of winter jujubes convenient to pick Download PDFInfo
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- CN106613623A CN106613623A CN201610896603.3A CN201610896603A CN106613623A CN 106613623 A CN106613623 A CN 106613623A CN 201610896603 A CN201610896603 A CN 201610896603A CN 106613623 A CN106613623 A CN 106613623A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
- C05G5/23—Solutions
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- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Botany (AREA)
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- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method of winter jujubes. The cultivation method comprises the steps of 1, choosing loam or sandy loam soil; 2, selectively planting robust nursery stocks without quarantine disease and pests and with complete root systems; 3, after planting, from the outer edges of planting pits, conducting outward deep tillage and expanding for 0.5-1.0 m combined with applying a base fertilizer in every autumn, wherein the depth is 40-60 cm; when the soil is refilled, putting surface soil at the bottom layer, putting subsoil at the upper layer, and then watering sufficiently; 4, applying the base fertilizer in autumn after the fruits are harvested, conducting topdressing inside roots three times every year, topdressing a rapidly available nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, topdressing a nitrogenous fertilizer in the fruit setting stage in the first ten days of June, and topdressing a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer in the young fruit expanding stage in the first ten days of July; 5, irrigating once in the germination stage, the flowering stage and the fruit expanding stage respectively; 6, pruning in three tree shapes of a freedom spindle shape, a small and sparse canopy shape and multi-main-branch natural round head shape. According to the cultivation method of the winter jujubes, the fruit setting rate can be increased, the trees are short and convenient to pick, the pulp quality is crisp, the sweetness is high, and the fruits are big.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultural method of jujube class, specifically a kind of cultural method of the convenient winter jujube plucked.
Background technology
Winter jujube is a cultivar of jujube tree, rises in Shandong Province Accessories during Binzhou Zhanhua area, is an evening of stingless jujube tree
It is ripe to eat improved seeds raw, it is also the best Zizyphus jujuba Mill kind of generally acknowledged quality, mean fruit weight 17.5g, maximum single fruit weight is reachable
25g, shape such as apple, there is the title of " griggles "；The reddish brown light of pericarp, crisp thin skin meat, sweet delicate fragrance, nutritious, edible rate reaches
95%.Compared with other fruits, winter jujube is also containing the lot of trace such as abundant VitAVitE and potassium, sodium, iron, copper unit
Element, ascorbic content is 70 times of apple, 140 times of pears, and nutritive value is " hats of all kinds of fruits ", be described as " all kinds of fruits king ",
" vitamin pill living "；In addition rich in various trace elements and mineral matter, there is anti-cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, nutritive value is hundred
The hat of fruit, extremely consumers in general are favored.
The cultivation technique of existing winter jujube easily causes the reason for dead strain of winter jujube is serious, survival rate is low to be had：Water it is too diligent or
Too much, intertill not in time, hardened serious, or to bury soil during field planting too deep, root system is breathed freely bad, is choked to death；Next to that field planting
Non- covering with plastic film afterwards, top layer soil loosening, water-retaining property is too poor, and root system is withered because of drought and water shortage；And field planting ditch fertilising excessively collects
In spread manuer in holes, produce fertilizer damage burn root caused by etc..In addition, existing winter jujube fruit tree height is difficult to pluck, some meats are real but not crisp, sweet
Degree is not high, and fruit is little.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is, for the shortcoming that above prior art is present, to propose a kind of winter jujube
Cultural method, can improve fruit-setting rate, set short convenient harvesting and meat is crisp, and sugariness is high, and fruit is big.
The present invention solves the technical scheme of above technical problem：
A kind of cultural method of the convenient winter jujube plucked, comprises the following steps：
(i) loam or sandy loam are selected, content of organic matter 1.0%-1.5%, acid-base value is Ph values 6.2-7.8, salt content is low
In 0.3%, sodium chloride content is less than 0.15%, and level of ground water is in below 1m；
(ii) choosing plant it is healthy and strong, without the complete nursery stock of quarantine disease pest, root system, lateral root is more than or equal to 6, and every length is more than or equal to
20cm, height of seedling 120-150cm；
(iii) after transplanting, (plant hole is planted also known as planting hole, plant pit, be with fixed planting point before plant nursery stock from kind of a plant hole
Cave is down dug centrally along surrounding to form.The size of kind of plant hole, should be with the size of nursery stock specification depending on, the present invention plants plant hole size
80*80cm, deep 80cm) outer rim starts, and annual autumn outwards ploughs deeply extension 0.5-1.0m with reference to basal dressing, depth 40-60 centimetre,
Table soil is placed on bottom when soil is backfilled, and subsoil is placed on upper strata, then fully pours water, and makes root soil contiguity；The season of growth, planting area
Interior middle weeding, holding loosing soil, intertillage depth 5-10cm, tree disk (tree disk refers to the scope within tree crown upright projection,
The operating area of watering, fertilizing is carried out after exactly planting trees, what is said is soil, is not tree.) interior improving straw mulching, cladding thickness is
15-60cm；
(iv) autumn basal dressing is after fruit harvesting and combination is ploughed deeply and improved the soil, the following treelet strain organic fertilizer 25- of life in 5 years
50kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 1-2kg, and coordinate urea or Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 0.15-0.4kg；Bearing-age tree strain organic fertilizer 100-150kg,
Calcium magnesium phosphate 2-4kg, and coordinate urea or Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 0.4-1kg, potassium sulfate 1.5kg or plant ash 10kg；
Topdress in root annual three times, available nitrogen phosphate fertilizer is imposed before rudiment, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 0.1-0.2kg is applied in treelet strain, into age
Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 0.3-0.4kg is applied in tree strain；Early June bears fruit phase Nitrogen Top Dressing, and urea 0.1-0.2kg is applied in treelet strain, into age tree strain
Apply urea 0.25--0.4kg；Early July young fruit expanding stage imposes nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 0.4-- is applied in treelet strain
0.5kg, into age tree strain nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 0.6-1kg is applied, and is disabled within 30 days before fruit picking and is topdressed；
Topdress and apply in crown mapping periphery, spread manuer in holes into depth 20-30 centimetre more；Foliage top dressing is opened from annual late May
Begin, late May spray percentage by weight for 0.3-0.5% the foliage fertilizer aqueous solution once, percentage by weight is sprayed at the beginning of 7 months for 0.3-
0.5% aqueous solution of urea or percentage by weight for 0.3-0.5% photosynthetic micro- rich water solution once, weight percent is sprayed at the beginning of September
Than for the potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer aqueous solution of 0.3-0.5%, florescence spray percentage by weight for 0.3-0.5% urea and weight percent
Than for 0.2-0.4% borax mixed liquors, after fruit picking every tree body spray in 10-12 days twice percentage by weight for 0.5-1% urea water
Solution (every spray in 10-12 days once, sprays altogether twice)；
(v) budding period, florescence and fruit expanding period are respectively irrigated 1 time, and irrigation quantity is to be impregnated with 40-60 centimetre of Root Distribution layer
Standard, reaches the 60-70% of maxmun field capacity, enters embedding before the winter and freezes water, other every moisturizing in 10-15 days once, the water yield with
Squirt and be defined；
(vi) layer shape and the nature three kinds of tree-like prunings of globular model of many major branches, winter pruning are dredged with free spindle, coronule
When, the structural requirement of institute's shaping is pressed to earsh, trunk position is trained using the method for the nature germinating jujube head that cuts, carves bud and select and remain again
Foster skeleton branch, controls growth potential so as to be converted into fruit-bearing shoot cluster through pinching, and the jujube head beyond skeleton branch temporarily makees auxiliary support branch reservation
Utilize；During summer pruning, by bud picking, removed glace date head, adjustment branch prescription to and spreading angle, and the pinching of jujube head adjustment
Control the growing way and angle of each shoot.
The technical scheme that further limits of the invention is：
The cultural method of the aforesaid convenient winter jujube plucked, wherein step (iii) in, be mixed into soil in table soil when soil is backfilled
Improve liquid, it is 27-29 gram of mixture of addition in every kilogram of water that soil improves liquid, mixture includes by weight following components：Have
Machine fertilizer：35-37 parts, borax：1-3 parts, dithiocarbamate salt derivative (DTC analog derivatives)：17-19 parts, potassium sulfate：
3-5 parts, ammonium phosphate：5-7 parts, molasses fermented liquid：1.7-1.9 parts.
Being mixed into soil in table soil when soil is backfilled improves liquid, the soil of the present invention improve in liquid containing fertilizer and potassium,
Boron, phosphorus, the nutrient that abundance can be provided for winter jujube treelet, to promote the root growth of treelet；Borax has the effect of desinsection,
Treelet root system insect pest can be prevented and treated；Molasses fermented liquid contains amino acid and various nutrient elements, and winter-jujube fruit meat can be made crisp,
Sugariness is high, and fruit is big, and can improve fruit-setting rate；The addition of formiate derivative (DTC analog derivatives) on the one hand can catch
Heavy metal in soil, can prevent from containing heavy metal in winter-jujube fruit, on the other hand by the cooperation with molasses fermented liquid, also
Growing for treelet can be adjusted so as to which longitudinal growth is controlled, cross growth is unaffected, so that tree body is highly obtained
To control, but leaf is luxuriant, facilitates picking fruit, obtains unexpected technique effect.
The cultural method of the aforesaid convenient winter jujube plucked, wherein step (iv) in, foliage top dressing is from the beginning of annual late May
Carry out to the previous moon is adopted, nutrient solution is addition composition 22- in every kilogram of water every first quarter moon blade face spray Foliage nutrient solution once
24 grams, composition includes by weight following components：Ammonium phosphate：35-37 parts, borax：5-7 parts, boron fertilizer：0.7-0.9 parts, zinc
Fertilizer：0.5-0.7 parts, iron fertilizer：1.2-1.5 parts, calcareous fertilisers：0.7-0.9 parts, fertiliser containing magnesium：0.7-0.9 parts, molasses fermented liquid：0.7-0.9
Part.
It is found by the applicant that the mouthfeel of date fruit meat is relevant with trace element, further study show that annual late May starts
It is then that winter-jujube fruit absorbs micro- best period to the previous moon is adopted, and Foliage nutrient solution is sprayed every first quarter moon blade face
Once, then winter-jujube fruit can be made to absorb trace element to greatest extent, the present invention starts previous to adopting from annual late May
The moon, every first quarter moon blade face spray Foliage nutrient solution once Foliage nutrient solution contained the various trace elements such as potassium, boron, phosphorus, zinc-iron, molasses
Zymotic fluid can make that winter-jujube fruit meat is crisp then containing amino acid and various nutrient elements, and sugariness is moderate, and mouthfeel is more preferable.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows：Original winter jujube meat reality, short sweetness, fruit tree height is difficult to pluck；And it is of the invention
The winter jujube of cultivation can adjust, control the growing way and angle of each shoot, and can improve new jujube head and its fruit-setting rate with lower portion
And fruit quality, winter jujube tree of the present invention is short, easily plucks, and meat is crisp, and sugariness is high, and fruit is big, and fruit-setting rate is high, and survival rate is high；Tool
Body contrast is as shown in the table：
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is a kind of cultural method of the convenient winter jujube plucked, and is comprised the following steps：
(i) loam or sandy loam are selected, content of organic matter 1.0-1.3%, acid-base value is Ph values 6.2-6.8, salt content is less than
0.3%, sodium chloride content is less than 0.15%, and level of ground water is in below 1m；
(ii) choosing plant it is healthy and strong, without the complete nursery stock of quarantine disease pest, root system, lateral root is more than or equal to 6, and every length is more than or equal to
20cm, height of seedling 120-125cm；
(iii) after transplanting, from the beginning of kind of plant hole outer rim, annual autumn outwards ploughs deeply extension 0.5-0.7m, depth with reference to basal dressing
40-45 centimetre, table soil is placed on bottom when soil is backfilled, and subsoil is placed on upper strata, then fully pours water, and makes root soil contiguity；Growing season
Section, middle weeding in planting area keeps loosing soil, intertills depth 5-7cm, uses the improving straw mulching, cladding thickness to be in tree disk
15-20cm；Being mixed into soil when soil is backfilled in table soil improves liquid, and it is 27 grams of mixture of addition in every kilogram of water that soil improves liquid,
Mixture includes by weight following components：Fertilizer：35 parts, borax：1 part, dithiocarbamate salt derivative：17
Part, potassium sulfate：3 parts, ammonium phosphate：5 parts, molasses fermented liquid：1.7 parts.
(iv) autumn basal dressing is after fruit harvesting and combination is ploughed deeply and improved the soil, the following treelet strain organic fertilizer 25- of life in 5 years
30kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 1-1.5kg, and coordinate urea or Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 0.15-0.2kg；Bearing-age tree strain organic fertilizer 100-
110kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 2-2.5kg, and coordinate urea or Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 0.4-0.6kg, potassium sulfate 1.5kg or plant ash 10kg；
Topdress in root annual three times, available nitrogen phosphate fertilizer is imposed before rudiment, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 0.1-0.2kg is applied in treelet strain, into age
Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 0.3-0.4kg is applied in tree strain；Early June bears fruit phase Nitrogen Top Dressing, and urea 0.1-0.2kg is applied in treelet strain, into age tree strain
Apply urea 0.25--0.4kg；Early July young fruit expanding stage imposes nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 0.4- is applied in treelet strain
0.5kg, into age tree strain nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 0.6-0.8kg is applied, and is disabled within 30 days before fruit picking and is topdressed；
Topdress and apply in crown mapping periphery, spread manuer in holes into depth 20-25 centimetre more；Foliage top dressing is opened from annual late May
Begin, late May spray percentage by weight for 0.3-0.4% the foliage fertilizer aqueous solution once, percentage by weight is sprayed at the beginning of 7 months for 0.3-
0.4% aqueous solution of urea or percentage by weight for 0.3-0.4% photosynthetic micro- rich water solution once, weight percent is sprayed at the beginning of September
Than for the potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer aqueous solution of 0.3-0.4%, florescence spray percentage by weight for 0.3-0.4% urea and weight percent
Than for 0.2-0.4% borax mixed liquors, after fruit picking every tree body spray in 10-12 days twice percentage by weight for 0.5-0.8% urea
The aqueous solution；
Foliage top dressing starts to adopting the previous moon to carry out from annual late May, and every first quarter moon blade face Foliage nutrient solution one is sprayed
Secondary, nutrient solution is 22 grams of composition of addition in every kilogram of water, and composition includes by weight following components：Ammonium phosphate：35 parts, boron
Sand：5 parts, boron fertilizer：0.7 part, zinc fertilizer：0.5 part, iron fertilizer：1.2 parts, 0.7 part of calcareous fertilisers, fertiliser containing magnesium：0.7 part, molasses fermented liquid：0.7
Part.
(v) budding period, florescence and fruit expanding period are respectively irrigated 1 time, and irrigation quantity is to be impregnated with 40-45 centimetre of Root Distribution layer
Standard, reaches the 60-65% of maxmun field capacity, enters embedding before the winter and freezes water, other every moisturizing in 10-12 days once, the water yield with
Squirt and be defined；
(vi) layer shape and the nature three kinds of tree-like prunings of globular model of many major branches, winter pruning are dredged with free spindle, coronule
When, the structural requirement of institute's shaping is pressed to earsh, trunk position is trained using the method for the nature germinating jujube head that cuts, carves bud and select and remain again
Foster skeleton branch, controls growth potential so as to be converted into fruit-bearing shoot cluster through pinching, and the jujube head beyond skeleton branch temporarily makees auxiliary support branch reservation
Utilize；During summer pruning, by bud picking, removed glace date head, adjustment branch prescription to and spreading angle, and the pinching of jujube head adjustment
Control the growing way and angle of each shoot.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is a kind of cultural method of the convenient winter jujube plucked, and is comprised the following steps：
(i) loam or sandy loam are selected, content of organic matter 1.3-1.5%, acid-base value is Ph values 6.5-7.0, salt content is less than
0.3%, sodium chloride content is less than 0.15%, and level of ground water is in below 1m；
(ii) choosing plant it is healthy and strong, without the complete nursery stock of quarantine disease pest, root system, lateral root is more than or equal to 6, and every length is more than or equal to
20cm, height of seedling 130-150cm；
(iii) after transplanting, from the beginning of kind of plant hole outer rim, annual autumn outwards ploughs deeply extension 0.7-0.9m, depth with reference to basal dressing
50-55 centimetre, table soil is placed on bottom when soil is backfilled, and subsoil is placed on upper strata, then fully pours water, and makes root soil contiguity；Growing season
Section, middle weeding in planting area keeps loosing soil, intertills depth 6-8cm, uses the improving straw mulching, cladding thickness to be in tree disk
30-40cm；Being mixed into soil when soil is backfilled in table soil improves liquid, and it is 28 grams of mixture of addition in every kilogram of water that soil improves liquid,
Mixture includes by weight following components：Fertilizer：36 parts, borax：2 parts, dithiocarbamate salt derivative：18
Part, potassium sulfate：4 parts, ammonium phosphate：6 parts, molasses fermented liquid：1.8 parts.
(iv) autumn basal dressing is after fruit harvesting and combination is ploughed deeply and improved the soil, the following treelet strain organic fertilizer 40- of life in 5 years
45kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 1-2kg, and coordinate urea or Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 0.2-0.3kg；Bearing-age tree strain organic fertilizer 120-140kg, calcium
Magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer 3-4kg, and coordinate urea or Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 0.6-0.8kg, potassium sulfate 1.5kg or plant ash 10kg；
Topdress in root annual three times, available nitrogen phosphate fertilizer is imposed before rudiment, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 0.1-0.2kg is applied in treelet strain, into age
Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 0.3-0.4kg is applied in tree strain；Early June bears fruit phase Nitrogen Top Dressing, and urea 0.1-0.2kg is applied in treelet strain, into age tree strain
Apply urea 0.25--0.4kg；Early July young fruit expanding stage imposes nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 0.4- is applied in treelet strain
0.5kg, into age tree strain nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 0.6-1kg is applied, and is disabled within 30 days before fruit picking and is topdressed；
Topdress and apply in crown mapping periphery, spread manuer in holes into depth 25-30 centimetre more；Foliage top dressing is opened from annual late May
Begin, late May spray percentage by weight for 0.4-0.5% the foliage fertilizer aqueous solution once, percentage by weight is sprayed at the beginning of 7 months for 0.4-
0.5% aqueous solution of urea or percentage by weight for 0.4-0.5% photosynthetic micro- rich water solution once, weight percent is sprayed at the beginning of September
Than for the potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer aqueous solution of 0.4-0.5%, florescence spray percentage by weight for 0.4-0.5% urea and weight percent
Than for 0.3-0.4% borax mixed liquors, after fruit picking every tree body spray in 10-12 days twice percentage by weight for 0.6-0.8% urea
The aqueous solution；
Foliage top dressing starts to adopting the previous moon to carry out from annual late May, and every first quarter moon blade face Foliage nutrient solution one is sprayed
Secondary, nutrient solution is 23 grams of composition of addition in every kilogram of water, and composition includes by weight following components：Ammonium phosphate：36 parts, boron
Sand：6 parts, boron fertilizer：0.8 part, zinc fertilizer：0.6 part, iron fertilizer：1.3 parts, 0.8 part of calcareous fertilisers, fertiliser containing magnesium：0.8 part, molasses fermented liquid：0.8
Part.
(v) budding period, florescence and fruit expanding period are respectively irrigated 1 time, and irrigation quantity is to be impregnated with 50-55 centimetre of Root Distribution layer
Standard, reaches the 65-67% of maxmun field capacity, enters embedding before the winter and freezes water, other every moisturizing in 12-14 days once, the water yield with
Squirt and be defined；
(vi) layer shape and the nature three kinds of tree-like prunings of globular model of many major branches, winter pruning are dredged with free spindle, coronule
When, the structural requirement of institute's shaping is pressed to earsh, trunk position is trained using the method for the nature germinating jujube head that cuts, carves bud and select and remain again
Foster skeleton branch, controls growth potential so as to be converted into fruit-bearing shoot cluster through pinching, and the jujube head beyond skeleton branch temporarily makees auxiliary support branch reservation
Utilize；During summer pruning, by bud picking, removed glace date head, adjustment branch prescription to and spreading angle, and the pinching of jujube head adjustment
Control the growing way and angle of each shoot.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment is a kind of cultural method of the convenient winter jujube plucked, and is comprised the following steps：
(i) loam or sandy loam are selected, content of organic matter 1.4-1.5%, acid-base value is Ph values 7.2-7.8, salt content is less than
0.3%, sodium chloride content is less than 0.15%, and level of ground water is in below 1m；
(ii) choosing plant it is healthy and strong, without the complete nursery stock of quarantine disease pest, root system, lateral root is more than or equal to 6, and every length is more than or equal to
20cm, height of seedling 140-150cm；
(iii) after transplanting, from the beginning of kind of plant hole outer rim, annual autumn outwards ploughs deeply extension 0.8-1.0m, depth with reference to basal dressing
50-60 centimetre, table soil is placed on bottom when soil is backfilled, and subsoil is placed on upper strata, then fully pours water, and makes root soil contiguity；Growing season
Section, middle weeding in planting area keeps loosing soil, intertills depth 8-10cm, uses the improving straw mulching, cladding thickness to be in tree disk
50-60cm；Being mixed into soil when soil is backfilled in table soil improves liquid, and it is 29 grams of mixture of addition in every kilogram of water that soil improves liquid,
Mixture includes by weight following components：Fertilizer：37 parts, borax：3 parts, dithiocarbamate salt derivative：19
Part, potassium sulfate：5 parts, ammonium phosphate：7 parts, molasses fermented liquid：1.9 parts.
(iv) autumn basal dressing is after fruit harvesting and combination is ploughed deeply and improved the soil, the following treelet strain organic fertilizer 45- of life in 5 years
50kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 1.5-2kg, and coordinate urea or Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 0.35-0.4kg；Bearing-age tree strain organic fertilizer 140-
150kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 3-4kg, and coordinate urea or Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 0.8-1kg, potassium sulfate 1.5kg or plant ash 10kg；
Topdress in root annual three times, available nitrogen phosphate fertilizer is imposed before rudiment, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 0.1-0.2kg is applied in treelet strain, into age
Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 0.3-0.4kg is applied in tree strain；Early June bears fruit phase Nitrogen Top Dressing, and urea 0.1-0.2kg is applied in treelet strain, into age tree strain
Apply urea 0.35-0.4kg；Early July young fruit expanding stage imposes nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 0.4- is applied in treelet strain
0.5kg, into age tree strain nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 0.8-1kg is applied, and is disabled within 30 days before fruit picking and is topdressed；
Topdress and apply in crown mapping periphery, spread manuer in holes into depth 28-30 centimetre more；Foliage top dressing is opened from annual late May
Begin, late May spray percentage by weight for 0.4-0.5% the foliage fertilizer aqueous solution once, percentage by weight is sprayed at the beginning of 7 months for 0.4-
0.5% aqueous solution of urea or percentage by weight for 0.4-0.5% photosynthetic micro- rich water solution once, weight percent is sprayed at the beginning of September
Than for the potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer aqueous solution of 0.4-0.5%, florescence spray percentage by weight for 0.4-0.5% urea and weight percent
Than for 0.3-0.4% borax mixed liquors, after fruit picking every tree body spray in 10-12 days twice percentage by weight for 0.8-1% urea water
Solution；
Foliage top dressing starts to adopting the previous moon to carry out from annual late May, and every first quarter moon blade face Foliage nutrient solution one is sprayed
Secondary, nutrient solution is 24 grams of composition of addition in every kilogram of water, and composition includes by weight following components：Ammonium phosphate：37 parts, boron
Sand：7 parts, boron fertilizer：0.9 part, zinc fertilizer：0.7 part, iron fertilizer：1.5 parts, calcareous fertilisers：0.9 part, fertiliser containing magnesium：0.9 part, molasses fermented liquid：0.9
Part.
(v) budding period, florescence and fruit expanding period are respectively irrigated 1 time, and irrigation quantity is to be impregnated with 55-60 centimetre of Root Distribution layer
Standard, reaches the 65-70% of maxmun field capacity, enters embedding before the winter and freezes water, other every moisturizing in 13-15 days once, the water yield with
Squirt and be defined；
(vi) layer shape and the nature three kinds of tree-like prunings of globular model of many major branches, winter pruning are dredged with free spindle, coronule
When, the structural requirement of institute's shaping is pressed to earsh, trunk position is trained using the method for the nature germinating jujube head that cuts, carves bud and select and remain again
Foster skeleton branch, controls growth potential so as to be converted into fruit-bearing shoot cluster through pinching, and the jujube head beyond skeleton branch temporarily makees auxiliary support branch reservation
Utilize；During summer pruning, by bud picking, removed glace date head, adjustment branch prescription to and spreading angle, and the pinching of jujube head adjustment
Control the growing way and angle of each shoot.
In addition to the implementation, the present invention can also have other embodiment.All employing equivalents or equivalent transformation shape
Into technical scheme, all fall within the protection domain of application claims.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of cultural method of the convenient winter jujube plucked, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(i) loam or sandy loam are selected, content of organic matter 1.0%-1.5%, acid-base value is Ph values 6.2-7.8, salt content is less than
0.3%, sodium chloride content is less than 0.15%, and level of ground water is in below 1m；
(ii) choosing plant it is healthy and strong, without the complete nursery stock of quarantine disease pest, root system, lateral root is more than or equal to 6, and every length is more than or equal to
20cm, height of seedling 120-150cm；
(iii) after transplanting, from the beginning of kind of plant hole outer rim, annual autumn outwards ploughs deeply extension 0.5-1.0m, depth 40- with reference to basal dressing
60 centimetres, table soil is placed on bottom when soil is backfilled, and subsoil is placed on upper strata, then fully pours water, and makes root soil contiguity；The season of growth,
Middle weeding in planting area, keeps loosing soil, intertills depth 5-10cm, and in tree disk improving straw mulching is used, and cladding thickness is 15-
60cm；
(iv) autumn basal dressing is after fruit harvesting and combination is ploughed deeply and improved the soil, the following treelet strain organic fertilizer 25-50kg of life in 5 years, calcium
Magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer 1-2kg, and coordinate urea or Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 0.15-0.4kg；Bearing-age tree strain organic fertilizer 100-150kg, calcium magnesium phosphate
2-4kg, and coordinate urea or Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 0.4-1kg, potassium sulfate 1.5kg or plant ash 10kg；
Topdress in root annual three times, available nitrogen phosphate fertilizer is imposed before rudiment, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 0.1-0.2kg is applied in treelet strain, into age tree strain
Apply Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 0.3-0.4kg；Early June bears fruit phase Nitrogen Top Dressing, and treelet strain applies urea 0.1-0.2kg, into age tree strain urine is applied
Plain 0.25--0.4kg；Early July young fruit expanding stage imposes nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 0.4-- is applied in treelet strain
0.5kg, into age tree strain nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 0.6-1kg is applied, and is disabled within 30 days before fruit picking and is topdressed；
Topdress and apply in crown mapping periphery, spread manuer in holes into depth 20-30 centimetre more；Foliage top dressing is from annual late May, May
Last ten-days period spray percentage by weights for 0.3-0.5% the foliage fertilizer aqueous solution once, percentage by weight is sprayed at the beginning of 7 months for 0.3-0.5%
Aqueous solution of urea or percentage by weight for 0.3-0.5% photosynthetic micro- rich water solution once, it is 0.3- that percentage by weight is sprayed at the beginning of September
The 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer aqueous solution, florescence spray percentage by weight is 0.2- for the urea and percentage by weight of 0.3-0.5%
0.4% borax mixed liquor, the aqueous solution of urea that percentage by weight twice is 0.5-1% was sprayed after fruit picking every 10-12 days tree bodies；
(v) budding period, florescence and fruit expanding period are respectively irrigated 1 time, and irrigation quantity is defined by being impregnated with 40-60 centimetre of Root Distribution layer, is reached
To the 60-70% of maxmun field capacity, enter embedding before the winter and freeze water, other every moisturizing in 10-15 days once, the water yield with squirt as
It is accurate；
(vi) layer shape and the nature three kinds of tree-like prunings of globular model of many major branches are dredged with free spindle, coronule, it is right during winter pruning
Earsh presses the structural requirement of institute's shaping, and the method culture bone of jujube head is germinated at trunk position using the nature that cuts, carves bud and select and remain again
Dry branch, controls growth potential so as to be converted into fruit-bearing shoot cluster through pinching, and the jujube head beyond skeleton branch temporarily makees auxiliary support branch and retains profit
With；During summer pruning, by bud picking, removed glace date head, adjustment branch prescription to and spreading angle, and the pinching of jujube head adjustment control
Make the growing way and angle of each shoot.
2. the cultural method of the convenient winter jujube plucked according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step (iii) in, soil
Being mixed into soil when earth is backfilled in table soil improves liquid, and it is 27-29 gram of mixture of addition in every kilogram of water that the soil improves liquid, described
Mixture includes by weight following components：Fertilizer：35-37 parts, borax：1-3 parts, dithiocarbamate salt derives
Thing：17-19 parts, potassium sulfate：3-5 parts, ammonium phosphate：5-7 parts, molasses fermented liquid：1.7-1.9 parts.
3. the cultural method of the convenient winter jujube plucked according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step (iv) in, root
Topdress outward from annual late May and start to adopting the previous moon to carry out, every first quarter moon blade face spray Foliage nutrient solution once, the nutrition
Liquid is 22-24 gram of composition of addition in every kilogram of water, and the composition includes by weight following components：Ammonium phosphate：35-37
Part, borax：5-7 parts, boron fertilizer：0.7-0.9 parts, zinc fertilizer：0.5-0.7 parts, iron fertilizer：1.2-1.5 parts, calcareous fertilisers：0.7-0.9 parts, magnesium
Fertilizer：0.7-0.9 parts, molasses fermented liquid：0.7-0.9 parts.
4. the cultural method of the convenient winter jujube plucked according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the step (iii) in, soil
Being mixed into soil when earth is backfilled in table soil improves liquid, and it is 27 grams of mixture of addition in every kilogram of water that the soil improves liquid, described mixed
Compound includes by weight following components：Fertilizer：35 parts, borax：1 part, dithiocarbamate salt derivative：17 parts,
Potassium sulfate：3 parts, ammonium phosphate：5 parts, molasses fermented liquid：1.7 parts.
5. the cultural method of the convenient winter jujube plucked according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the step (iii) in, soil
Being mixed into soil when earth is backfilled in table soil improves liquid, and it is 28 grams of mixture of addition in every kilogram of water that the soil improves liquid, described mixed
Compound includes by weight following components：Fertilizer：36 parts, borax：2 parts, dithiocarbamate salt derivative：18 parts,
Potassium sulfate：4 parts, ammonium phosphate：6 parts, molasses fermented liquid：1.8 parts.
6. the cultural method of the convenient winter jujube plucked according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the step (iii) in, soil
Being mixed into soil when earth is backfilled in table soil improves liquid, and it is 29 grams of mixture of addition in every kilogram of water that the soil improves liquid, described mixed
Compound includes by weight following components：Fertilizer：37 parts, borax：3 parts, dithiocarbamate salt derivative：19 parts,
Potassium sulfate：5 parts, ammonium phosphate：7 parts, molasses fermented liquid：1.9 parts.
7. the cultural method of the convenient winter jujube plucked according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the step (iv) in, root
Topdress outward from annual late May and start to adopting the previous moon to carry out, every first quarter moon blade face spray Foliage nutrient solution once, the nutrition
Liquid is 22 grams of composition of addition in every kilogram of water, and the composition includes by weight following components：Ammonium phosphate：35 parts, borax：
5 parts, boron fertilizer：0.7 part, zinc fertilizer：0.5 part, iron fertilizer：1.2 parts, 0.7 part of calcareous fertilisers, fertiliser containing magnesium：0.7 part, molasses fermented liquid：0.7 part.
8. the cultural method of the convenient winter jujube plucked according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the step (iv) in, root
Topdress outward from annual late May and start to adopting the previous moon to carry out, every first quarter moon blade face spray Foliage nutrient solution once, the nutrition
Liquid is 23 grams of composition of addition in every kilogram of water, and the composition includes by weight following components：Ammonium phosphate：36 parts, borax：
6 parts, boron fertilizer：0.8 part, zinc fertilizer：0.6 part, iron fertilizer：1.3 parts, 0.8 part of calcareous fertilisers, fertiliser containing magnesium：0.8 part, molasses fermented liquid：0.8 part.
9. the cultural method of the convenient winter jujube plucked according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the step (iv) in, root
Topdress outward from annual late May and start to adopting the previous moon to carry out, every first quarter moon blade face spray Foliage nutrient solution once, the nutrition
Liquid is 24 grams of composition of addition in every kilogram of water, and the composition includes by weight following components：Ammonium phosphate：37 parts, borax：
7 parts, boron fertilizer：0.9 part, zinc fertilizer：0.7 part, iron fertilizer：1.5 parts, calcareous fertilisers：0.9 part, fertiliser containing magnesium：0.9 part, molasses fermented liquid：0.9 part.
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| CN107182664A (en) * | 2017-05-22 | 2017-09-22 | 滨州市沾化区冬枣研究所 | A kind of cultural method for improving winter jujube sugariness |
| CN108575500A (en) * | 2018-04-10 | 2018-09-28 | 滨州市沾化区冬枣实业总公司 | A kind of implantation methods improving yield of winter jujubes and nutrient quality |
| CN108966780A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-12-11 | 全椒县城西畜牧养殖专业合作社 | A kind of fertilizing method promoting winter jujube texture quality |
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Application publication date: 20170510 |