CN107223438A - A kind of cordon oil does management method surely with tree peony - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a fixed-drying management method of single-dried peony for oil, which belongs to the technical field of woody oil crop production. The method is based on three-year-old robust peony seedlings, and the stubble is flat after transplanting; Strong buds cultivate the main trunk, remove the terminal buds after falling leaves in autumn, and retain 3-4 strong side buds on the trunk at a height of 25-40 cm from the ground to cultivate first-level side branches; remove all flower buds on the first-level side branches before blooming in the second year; Keep all the flower buds of the upper secondary side branches before flowering three years ago, and remove all the flower buds on the lower secondary side branches at the same time, and enter the normal fruiting and high-yield period in the fourth year. The method is simple, easy, and high-yielding. The cultivated peony is in the shape of a single-stem "inverted broom", with beautiful plant shape, thick branches, no lodging, coordinated growth, good ventilation and light transmission, and is 1 to 2 earlier than conventional management. It will enter a high-yield period every year, and at the same time facilitate the management of field operations such as raising poultry under the forest, mechanized fertilization, weeding, weeding and fruit picking.

Description

A fixed-drying management method of single-dried peonies for oil

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of woody oil crop production, and in particular relates to a fixed-dried management method of single-dried oil peony.

Background technique

Peony is a small perennial deciduous shrub with slow growth and small plant type. It is a unique woody and precious flower in my country. It is known as "National Beauty and Heavenly Fragrance" and "King of Flowers". It is also a candidate national flower of China. Peony has gone through three stages: ornamental, medicinal, and comprehensive utilization. The development and utilization of peony seed oil is an important symbol of the comprehensive utilization of peony today. Using peony seeds as raw materials, the peony seed oil produced by pressing, extracting, refining and other processes is golden yellow and transparent oil body, with an unsaturated fatty acid content of over 90%, of which a-linolenic acid exceeds 38%, and many indicators exceed Olive oil known as "liquid gold". It is the best cooking oil in the world. Peony for oil is a type of peony with many seeds, large pods, full grains and high oil content. The oil content can reach 20-22%. Among them, the content of unsaturated fatty acids (especially a-linolenic acid) is high and The output is stable. Peony is used for planting oil, and the yield of peony seeds per mu is generally 100-200 kg, which has great economic value. However, the production history of oil peony is relatively short, the cultivation management experience is lacking, the production management is relatively extensive, pruning management is almost not carried out, and the yield of peony seeds is low and unstable. An effective pruning and shaping management technology is urgently needed. At present, the pruning of oil peonies basically refers to the multi-dry shaping method of ornamental peonies. For example, Xu Yingchun et al. applied for "a pruning method to promote the high yield of Fengdan seeds", which is similar to the multi-stem pruning method of ornamental peonies, which cannot solve the problem of plant lodging, inconvenient mechanical operation, and difficult to meet large-scale modern production. skills requirement.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the above problems, the present invention provides a fixed-drying management method of single-dried oil peony through long-term practice and exploration. In other links, the ideal plant type of single-dry oil peony can be cultivated, which can effectively solve the problems of slow growth rate, severe lodging, poor ventilation and light transmission, low and unstable yield, and unfavorable mechanical weeding, fertilization and fruit picking.

A fixed-drying management method for single-stem oil peonies. The method is based on three-year-old strong peony seedlings, which are transplanted and stubbled; after the peony germinates in the first spring after planting, a strong bud is left to cultivate the main stem, and in autumn Remove the top buds of the main trunk after the leaves are fallen, and keep 3-4 strong side buds on the main trunk at a height of 25-40 cm from the ground to cultivate the first-level side branches; remove all the flower buds on the first-level side branches before flowering in the second year; keep them before flowering in the third year All the flower buds on the upper secondary side branches, and remove all the flower buds on the lower secondary side branches at the same time.

Further, the above-mentioned fixed-dried management method of peony for single-dried oil comprises the following steps:

Step 1: From mid-September to late October in the Central Plains of China, select three-year-old robust peony seedlings with stems larger than 1.2 cm, and place them in a room without direct sunlight or under a shade shed to dry for 1-2 days; pruning to remove broken roots, Soak the roots with a rooting agent, and after drying, smear the wound with sulfur powder; plant it in the oil peony production field, pour root water, and complete the colonization;

Step 2: After the peony germinates in the spring of the first year after planting, remove other sprouts to prevent nutrient competition, and leave the most robust sprouts to cultivate the trunk; after the leaves fall in autumn, remove the top buds of the trunk, and keep the trunk at a height of 25- For 3-4 strong lateral buds of 40 cm, apply 20-200㎎/L gibberellin to the relatively lower buds to cultivate first-grade lateral shoots;

Step 3: before flowering in spring of the second year, remove all flower buds on the first-level side branches; before flowering in spring of the third year, keep all flower buds of the upper second-level side branches for flowering and fruiting, and remove all flower buds of the lower second-level side branches at the same time;

Step 4: According to the specific fertility conditions of the oil peony production field, the field water and fertilizer management is carried out for the planted peony, and the fourth year enters the period of normal fruit and high yield.

Further, the variety of the peony is 'Fengdan'.

Further, the peony production field for oil is a high-dryness sunny plot with a deep soil layer, loose and air-permeable soil, good drainage, and a pH value of 6.5-8.0.

Furthermore, in the oil peony production field per mu, 200-300 kg of high-temperature decomposed organic fertilizer and 40-50 kg of compound fertilizer are used as base fertilizer, and 10-15 kg of phoxim granule and 4-5 kg carbendazim is used as soil insecticide and fungicide.

The beneficial effect that the present invention obtains:

1. The stem-fixed management method of peony for oil according to the present invention, through steps such as transplanting, flat stubble, cultivation of trunk, and vegetative body cultivation, artificially regulates the plant type of peony for oil, promotes high yield and income, and makes peony a high-yield period. 1-2 years earlier than the conventional method, the grain yield per mu can reach 300-400 kg, which is 50-100 kg higher than the highest yield per mu of the conventional method. In addition, the grains are plump and evenly developed, the thousand-grain weight can reach 350-400 g, which is more than 100 g higher than the conventional one, and the oil content of the grains is increased by 5%. The beneficial effect is outstanding, and the comprehensive evaluation is good.

2. The stem-fixed management method of peony for oil according to the present invention is simple, easy and efficient, and the cultivated peony is in the shape of a single stem "inverted broom", with a beautiful plant type, and at the same time, the main trunk and branches are strong and do not fall down, and the growth is coordinated and the density is high. It is suitable, with good ventilation and light transmission, which is conducive to the growth and development of oil peony and the efficient use of soil nutrients, and is convenient for field management such as raising poultry under the forest, mechanized fertilization, weeding, and fruit picking.

detailed description

The present invention will be further explained through specific embodiments below.

A method for dry-fixed management of peony for single-dried oil, comprising the following steps:

1. Selection of planting plots:

Choose high-dryness sunny plots, preferably loamy soils with deep soil layers. The soil is required to be loose, air-permeable, well-drained, and the suitable pH value is 6.5-8.0. Plow the soil deeply by 30-40 cm, apply 200-300 kg of high-temperature decomposed organic fertilizer and 40-50 kg of compound fertilizer per mu as base fertilizer, and apply 10-15 kg of phoxim granule and 4-5 kg of Carbendazim is used as a soil insecticide and fungicide.

2. Seedling planting:

The best time to plant peonies for oil is from mid-September to mid-October. Generally choose three-year-old robust peony seedlings with stems larger than 1.2 cm, and place them in a room without direct sunlight or under a shade shed to dry for 1-2 days; trim and remove broken roots, soak roots with rooting agent, and smear wounds with sulfur powder after drying place; planted in the oil peony production field, poured root water to complete the planting; stubble at the upper 3-5 cm of the root neck of peony seedlings, and disinfected the wound.

3. Fixed dry management:

After the peony germinates in the spring of the first year after planting, keep one of the most robust tiller buds to cultivate the main trunk, and remove other tiller buds to prevent nutrient competition. Apply 20-200 mg/L gibberellin to the relatively lower buds for 3-4 strong side buds of 40 cm to promote the coordinated growth of all new shoots and cultivate first-level strong side shoots.

Before flowering in the spring of the second year, all the flower buds on the first-level side branches are removed to prevent early fruiting and entering the reproductive growth stage, resulting in poor growth of the vegetative body.

Before flowering in the spring of the third year, keep all the flower buds of the upper secondary side branches for flowering and fruiting, and simultaneously remove all the flower buds of the lower secondary side branches. The removed flower buds are used for the processing and utilization of foods such as peony stamen tea, so as to improve the overall economic benefits of peony for oil.

According to the specific fertility conditions of the oil peony production fields, comprehensive management measures such as water and fertilizer in the planted peony field are strengthened, and the fourth year enters the period of normal fruit and high yield, and other management is carried out according to the general management technical measures of oil peony.

Example 1

A method for managing single-stem oil peonies with fixed stems. The specific steps for the cultivation and management of oil peonies with pruning, shaping, and fixed stems are as follows:

1. Selection of planting land: for oil peony planting, it is advisable to choose high-dryness sunny land, preferably sandy loam. The soil is required to be loose, air-permeable, well-drained, and the suitable pH value is 6.5-8.0. Plow the soil deeply by 30-40 cm, apply 200 kg of high-temperature decomposed organic fertilizer and 50 kg of compound fertilizer per mu as base fertilizer, and apply 10 kg of phoxim granule and 5 kg of carbendazim per mu as soil insecticide and bactericide agent.

2. Seedling planting: The best time to plant oil peonies is from mid-September to mid-October. Generally, three-year-old robust peony seedlings are selected, with stems larger than 1.2 cm, and placed in a room without direct sunlight or under a shade shed to dry for 1 day; pruning to remove broken roots, soaking roots with rooting agent, and smearing the wound with sulfur powder after drying; Plant in the field of peony for oil production, stubble at the top 3cm of the root neck of the peony seedlings, disinfect the wound, pour root water, and complete the planting;

3. Fixed dry management:

After the peony germinates in the spring of the first year after planting, keep one of the most robust tiller buds to cultivate the main trunk, and remove other tiller buds to prevent nutrient competition. For the three strong lateral buds at 40 cm, apply 100 mg/L gibberellin to the relatively lower buds to promote the coordinated growth of all new shoots and cultivate the first-level robust lateral shoots.

Before flowering in the spring of the second year, all the flower buds on the first-level side branches are removed to prevent early fruiting and entering the reproductive growth stage, resulting in poor growth of the vegetative body.

Before flowering in the spring of the third year, keep all the flower buds of the upper secondary side branches for flowering and fruiting, and simultaneously remove all the flower buds of the lower secondary side branches.

According to the specific fertility conditions of the oil peony production field, comprehensive management measures such as water and fertilizer in the peony field are strengthened, and the oil peony plant type is cultivated into a single-stem "inverted broom" type, and the normal fruit and high-yield period can be entered in the fourth year. After the peony for oil begins to bear fruit, the follicle pods turn from green to crab yellow in July to August, and the seed coat of peony seeds turns from milky yellow to brown and black. Other management is carried out according to the general management technical measures of oil peony.

Example 2

A method for managing single-dried oil with tree peony, the specific steps are:

1. Selection of planting land: for oil peony planting, it is advisable to choose high-dryness sunny land, preferably brown loam soil. The soil is required to be loose, air-permeable, well-drained, and the suitable pH value is 6.5-8.0. Plow the soil deeply by 30-40 cm, apply 250 kg of high-temperature decomposed organic fertilizer and 45 kg of compound fertilizer per mu as base fertilizer, and at the same time, apply 15 kg of phoxim granule and 4 kg of carbendazim per mu as soil insecticide and fungicide .

2. Seedling planting: The best time to plant oil peonies is from mid-September to mid-October. Select three-year-old strong peony seedlings with stems larger than 1.2 cm, and place them indoors without direct sunlight or in a sheltered place to dry for 2 days; trim and remove broken roots, soak the roots with rooting agents, and smear the wounds with sulfur powder after drying; plant in In the production field of peony for oil, stubble was leveled at the top 3 cm of the root neck of peony seedlings, the wound was disinfected, and root water was poured to complete the planting.

3. Fixed dry management:

After the peony germinates in the spring of the first year after planting, keep one of the most robust tiller buds to cultivate the main trunk, and remove other tiller buds to prevent nutrient competition. For the 4 strong lateral buds at 40 cm, apply 200 mg/L gibberellin to the relatively lower buds to promote the coordinated growth of all new shoots and cultivate the first-level robust lateral shoots.

Before flowering in the spring of the second year, all the flower buds on the first-level side branches are removed to prevent early fruiting and entering the reproductive growth stage, resulting in poor growth of the vegetative body.

Before flowering in the spring of the third year, keep all the flower buds of the upper secondary lateral branches to bloom and bear fruit, and remove all the flower buds of the lower secondary lateral branches.

According to the specific fertility conditions of oil peony production fields, comprehensive management measures such as water and fertilizer in peony fields are strengthened, and the plant type of oil peony is cultivated into a single-stem "inverted broom" shape, and the normal fruit and high-yield period can be entered in the fourth year. After the peony for oil begins to bear fruit, the follicle pods turn from green to crab yellow in July to August, and the seed coat of peony seeds turns from milky yellow to brown and black. Other management is carried out according to the general management technical measures of oil peony.

Example 3

A method for managing single-dried oil with tree peony, the specific steps are:

1. Selection of planting land: for oil peony planting, it is advisable to choose high-dryness sunny land, preferably cinnamon soil. The soil is required to be loose, air-permeable, well-drained, and the suitable pH value is 6.5-8.0. Plow the soil deeply by 30-40 cm, apply 300 kg of high-temperature decomposed organic fertilizer and 40 kg of compound fertilizer per mu as base fertilizer, and apply 13 kg of phoxim granule and 4.5 kg of carbendazim per mu as soil insecticide and bactericide agent.

2. Seedling planting: The best time to plant oil peonies is from mid-September to mid-October. Generally, three-year-old robust peony seedlings are selected, with stems larger than 1.2 cm, and placed in a room without direct sunlight or under a shade shed to dry for 2 days; pruning to remove broken roots, soaking roots with rooting agent, and smearing the wound with sulfur powder after drying; Plant in the oil peony production field, stubble at the top 3cm of the root neck of the peony seedlings, disinfect the wound, and pour root water to complete the planting.

3. Fixed dry management:

After the peony germinates in the spring of the first year after planting, keep one of the most robust tiller buds to cultivate the main trunk, and remove other tiller buds to prevent nutrient competition. For the three strong lateral buds at 40 cm, apply 200 mg/L gibberellin to the relatively lower buds to promote the coordinated growth of all new shoots and cultivate the first-level robust lateral shoots.

Before flowering in the spring of the second year, all the flower buds on the first-level side branches are removed to prevent early fruiting and entering the reproductive growth stage, resulting in poor growth of the vegetative body.

Before flowering in the spring of the third year, keep all the flower buds of the upper secondary side branches for flowering and fruiting, and simultaneously remove all the flower buds of the lower secondary side branches.

According to the specific fertility conditions of the oil peony production field, comprehensive management measures such as water and fertilizer in the peony field are strengthened, and the oil peony plant type is cultivated into a single-stem "inverted broom" type, and the normal fruit and high-yield period can be entered in the fourth year. After the peony for oil begins to bear fruit, the follicle pods turn from green to crab yellow in July to August, and the seed coat of peony seeds turns from milky yellow to brown and black. Other management is carried out according to the general management technical measures of oil peony.

Quality Evaluation:

Adopt the method of embodiment 1, embodiment 2 and embodiment 3 of the present invention to manage peony for oil, the plant grows vigorously and compactly, the pods are uniform, the grains are full, each plant bears 8-12 follicles, and each pod contains 40-60 capsules Seeds, the thousand-grain weight can reach 350-400 g, and the yield per mu in the high-yield period can reach 300-400 kg, which is 50-100 kg higher than the highest yield per mu of peony using conventional methods; Cultivate the oil-use peony "Fengdan" into a natural single-stem "inverted broom" tree shape, which shows that the main trunk and branches are thick and large, the side branches are evenly distributed, and the growth is coordinated. It can prevent the plants from lodging, and the ventilation and light transmission are good. Entering the high-yield period in 2 years, it is conducive to high-yield, stable and high-quality peony seeds for oil use, and it is convenient for management operations such as breeding poultry under the forest, mechanized weeding, fertilizing and harvesting in the field.

Comparative example 1

1. Land selection: for oil peony planting, it is advisable to choose high-dryness sunny land, sandy loam. The soil is required to be loose, air-permeable, well-drained, and the suitable pH value is 6.5-8.0. Apply base fertilizer before planting, apply 200 kg cake fertilizer or 300 kg decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, add 50 kg ternary compound fertilizer, add 15 kg phoxim granule, 5 kg carbendazim soil insecticide and fungicide, and then deep plow After 30 to 40 centimeters, rake it flat and wait for planting.

2. Seedling planting: The planting time is generally from mid-September to mid-October. Select three-year-old robust peony seedlings with a stem larger than 1.2 cm. Cut off the root and tail by 2-3 cm, soak in 800 times thiram solution for 5-10 minutes, and let it dry After drying, the plant row spacing is 25cm×90cm, and about 3000 plants per mu are planted. When planting, dig holes according to the distance between plants and rows, with a depth of 30-40 cm. Stretch the root system at the bottom of the hole. Right the seedlings and stack them in rows to form a 5-10 cm high soil ridge to facilitate heat preservation and moisture retention.

3. Planting management:

Shaping and pruning: After planting, stubble at the top 5 cm of the root neck of peony seedlings, disinfect the wound, and pour root water.

Fertilizer and water management: The fertilizer and water management requirements of oil peony are strict, and it is necessary to reapply base fertilizer, more topdressing, and weeding and loosening the soil frequently. Deep hoeing is required before flowering, with a depth of 3 to 5 cm; shallow hoeing is required after flowering, with a depth of 1 to 3 cm. After spreading the leaves, top dressing can be carried out in combination with the control of diseases and insect pests. Spray 0.2% to 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or other foliar fertilizers once every 15 to 20 days, and spray 3 to 5 times continuously. Topdressing methods include hole application, furrow application and spreading application, and the fertilization position is more than 10 cm away from the root system. In the first year after planting, the ground fertilizer is generally not applied. From the second year onwards, topdress 3 times a year. Before and after germination, apply 10-20 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per mu, and cooperate with irrigation after application. Topdress after flowering, apply 10-15 kg of compound fertilizer mainly composed of phosphorus and potassium per mu. Before winter, apply 150-200 kg of cake fertilizer or 100-200 kg of decomposed manure, and 20-30 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per mu of base fertilizer. Peonies for oil use have fleshy roots and are not resistant to flooding, especially during the seedling stage and rainy season to avoid waterlogging and rotten roots; however, when there is drought in summer, it is still necessary to water appropriately in the morning and evening, and ensure that the soil moisture is moderate before and after flowering and before freezing. Ditching and seepage irrigation should be used for irrigation to avoid watering at high temperatures; water-saving irrigation measures such as drip irrigation and micro-spraying are advocated. Every autumn and winter, it can be combined with winter application of basal fertilizer, and the soil at the rhizome is about 5 cm high to prevent the root system from being exposed and expand the root growth space.

Pest control: After the soil is thawed, in the first and middle days of February, spray 3 Baume degrees lime sulfur or carbendazim 500 times liquid, and the spraying should cover the entire ground. At the beginning of March, 10-15 kg of phoxim granules were applied per mu. In mid-to-late April, spray an equal amount of Bordeaux mixture or thiophanate-methyl 7 to 10 days after flowering. From mid-to-late May, spray carbendazim or thiophanate-methyl, chlorothalonil and other fungicides every 15 to 20 days until mid-to-late July. During the growth period of peony, the frequency of spraying can be adjusted according to the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, but the spraying should not be less than 3 times in the whole growing season. After falling leaves, remove dead branches and leaves in time, concentrate burning or deep burial, so as to reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests in the next year.

In order to comprehensively evaluate the management technology of the present invention, the results of the peony plants for oil obtained by the cultivation methods described in Example 1, Example 2, Example 3 and Comparative Example 1 are analyzed, and each treatment selects a plot with the same growth The statistics of the number of pods per plant, number of pods per plant, thousand-grain weight (dry) and seed yield per plant (dry) were carried out on 20 samples. The results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1: Main yield traits of oil peony

Note: 20 plants were sampled in each plot, and the data in the table are the average ± standard deviation of the yield per plant in the fourth year after planting.

As a result, it can be seen that compared with the control example 1 of the conventional method, the oil peony planted in the embodiment 1, embodiment 2 and embodiment 3 of the management method of the present invention performed better in terms of the number of seeds per pod and the weight of thousand grains. The quality traits of the peony seed that illustrate that the management method of the present invention is planted is plump, and yield is abundant, and 1,000-grain weight improves more than 100g, and the theoretical yield of single plant grain improves about 70%.

The harvest per mu is counted as 2,500 plants, and the grain yield is calculated as 75%. The highest grain yield of the single-stem type will reach 401 kg/mu, and the control field is 225 kg/mu.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention etc., should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of cordon oil does management method surely with tree peony, it is characterised in that：Based on triennial healthy and strong tree peony seedling, Stump after transplanting；After field planting after the germination of First Year spring tree peony, trunk top is extractd after staying a strong bud culture trunk, fall foliage Bud, retains on trunk the 3-4 stalwartness lateral bud culture primary lateral branches at height 25-40cm places from the ground；Second Year is extractd before blooming Whole buds on primary lateral branches；Retain whole buds of upper two grades of side shoots before blooming within 3rd year, while extracing the next two grades Whole buds on side shoot.

2. cordon oil as claimed in claim 1 does management method surely with tree peony, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：

Step one：Mid-September to late October in Chinese central plain area, from 3 years raw healthy and strong tree peony seedlings, seedling stem was more than 1.2 cm, are placed under the interior of no direct sunlight or shade the 1-2 d that dry in the shade；Prune away except being completely cured, handled with root-growing agent leaching root, After drying wound is smeared with Cosan；Transplant in oil tree peony production field, pour root water, complete field planting；

Step 2：After field planting after the germination of First Year spring tree peony, other coppice spouts are removed, a most healthy and strong coppice spout culture is stayed Trunk；After fall foliage, trunk terminal bud is extractd, retains on trunk 3-4 of height 25-40 cm stalwartness lateral bud from the ground, to phase 20-200 ㎎/L gibberellin is smeared to the bud in face on the lower, primary lateral branches are cultivated；

Step 3：Before Second Year spring blooms, whole buds on primary lateral branches are extractd；Before 3rd year spring bloomed, in reservation Whole buds of the two grades of side shoots in position are blossomed and beared fruit, while extracing whole buds of the next two grades of side shoots；

Step 4：The specific soil fertility condition in field is produced with tree peony according to oil, field liquid manure management, the 4th year are carried out to field planting tree peony Enter normal outcome high yield period.

3. cordon oil as claimed in claim 1 or 2 does management method surely with tree peony, it is characterised in that：The tree peony Kind is ' Feng Dan '.

4. the cordon oil as claimed in claim 2 cultural method of tree peony, it is characterised in that：The oil produces field with tree peony, For high and dry plot on the sunny side, soil layer is deep, and loosing soil is breathed freely, and draining is good, pH value 6.5-8.0.

5. the cordon oil as claimed in claim 4 cultural method of tree peony, it is characterised in that：Every mu of oil is produced with tree peony Field, using the 200-300 kg organic fertilizers become thoroughly decomposed through high temperature and 40-50 kg composite fertilizers as base fertilizer, while every mu of application 10-15 Kg phoxim granules and 4-5 kg carbendazim are used as soil insect-killing bactericide.