CN104396601A - Pruning method for promoting high yield of paeonia ostii seeds - Google Patents
Pruning method for promoting high yield of paeonia ostii seeds Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pruning method for promoting the high yield of paeonia ostii seeds. The method includes the following steps of firstly, conducting cutting back and determining main branches on the position 15 cm to 20 cm away from the ground in the year when field planting is conducted; secondly, selecting and keeping the main branches in the second year, wherein 5 to 6 main braches are selected at the beginning of spring, removing sprouting buds on the main branches and roots, selecting 3 main branches in winter, and reserving 4 to 5 short buds; thirdly, selecting and keeping primary side branches in the third year; fourthly, selecting and keeping secondary side branches in the fourth year. By means of the pruning measures, paeonia ostii plants are cultivated into the natural open center tree shape, the number of the branches is large, the branches are evenly distributed, ventilating and light transmitting are achieved, blossoming and bearing are achieved a year in advance, the fruit bearing amount is large, and the seed yield is high.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to oil tree peony---the red seed high-yield cultivation technique field of phoenix, relate to a kind of shaping and trimming method promoting the red seed high yield of phoenix.
Background technology
Peony seed oil is a kind of fully natural green edible oil newly developed in recent years, obtains " new resource food " title of being promulgated by health ministry in March, 2011.Peony seed oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acid, multiple essential amino acid, various vitamin, mineral matter and squalene, Flavonoid substances and polyphenolic substance isoreactivity composition, wherein alpha-linolenic acid content reaches more than 40%, is the edible oil that a kind of nutrition health-care functions is very high.Feng Dan (Paeonia ostti) because of its amount of setting seeds large, oil yield is high, wide adaptability, and growth potential is strong, and as oil Varieties of Peony, in the whole nation, multiple province obtains popularizing planting on a large scale in recent years.Feng Dan was medicinal Varieties of Peony originally, was used as medicine with root skin, was called the phoenix root bark of tree peony.Current Feng Dan Zhu Zai district still continues to use the management mode of traditional medicinal Peony growing, carry out pruning hardly, give free rein to growth, cause branch amount few, poor growth, enters and produces the seed phase more late (raw seedling field planting was just bloomed to the 4th year from 2 years, and entering the large volume production seed phase then will by the 6th year), make early stage land economic coefficient low, seriously limit the industrialization process of oil with tree peony.
Known pruning measure promotes woody plant early real important culture technique of getting bumper crops.Therefore, be badly in need of the pruning technique system that a set of applicable oil of research and development is produced with tree peony, to shorten the time that Feng Dan enters productive phase, and significantly improve seed yield.
Find in production, the shoot growth habit of Feng Dan is different from common bunch type ornamental peonies kind, and it raw less at the native bud at rhizome place, and the descendant of generation is few, does not generally form bunch type, but forms tall and big upright plant type, has obvious trunk; In addition, the old branch of Feng Dan is sturdy, and internode is short, about 4-5cm, and the bud germination on it is strong, and major part sprouts into branch, and annual shoot (young sprout) reaches 40-50cm, and growth potential is strong.First bud is formed by terminal bud, opens the branch spent and then becomes flower by axillalry bud.For this reason, the key obtaining early stage seed high yield impels the red multiple branch of phoenix and cultivates Flowering Branches more.
Professional quarters are had to sum up from production practices at present, adopt the shaping and trimming method of " stump fixed pole " that the red multiple branch of phoenix can be promoted: 1-3 after field planting, at root stump before and after annual October, wipe out shoot apex sprout or from 1cm place straight snips on the axillalry bud of 3-5cm near the ground, in i.e. autumn " stump ", individual plant rudiment number, branch number can be increased.For raw tree seedling field planting in 2 years, 2 branches were stayed in the every strain of the field planting Feng Dan of 1 year, and 3-4 branch is stayed in field planting for 2 years, and through twice stump, generally have 3-6 major branch, 2-3 branch is sent out in the every annual meeting of each branch again; Field planting stays 5-8 branch to be advisable for 3 years, ensures that every strain yields positive results about 20; In conjunction with rational pruning and management, output can increase by more than 30% on existing basis.
Above trimming method for increase Feng Dan branch quantity, to cultivate more Flowering Branches really effective, but it is tree-like and how to maintain bearing tree high and stable yield and still lack systematic research which kind of should to build for Feng Dan.And scientific and reasonable tree-like be the skeleton basis of the red high and stable yield of phoenix, must be in addition clear and definite.Research through us finds, should to be transformed into natural open centre shape by pruning tree-like by tree-like for red for phoenix natural erect type, is conducive to cultivation and the tree body ventilation and penetrating light of fruit bearing shoot, and early, early high yield, blooms and present three-dimensional, seed yield is high, quality better result.
The present invention starts with from the rational tree-like skeleton of cultivation, observes the red plant of phoenix on the basis of the researchs such as the reaction of pruning, disclose the pruning technique of the red seed high yield of a set of short phoenix at continuous 3 years.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to adapt to the demand of peony seed oil production to seed yield, a kind of suitable shaping and trimming method ensureing phoenix red seed high yield is provided.
Object of the present invention realizes by following technical scheme:
A kind of promotion oil is with tree peony---the shaping and trimming method of the red seed high yield of phoenix, comprises the steps:
(1) 2 years of field planting in autumn then red seedling of raw phoenix carry out cutting back apart from the full bud place of ground 15-20cm and surely do;
(2) during the red young sprout pumping of Second Year phoenix mid-March, utilize 1 year raw young sprout trunk sprouting or raw sublateral shoot then, therefrom select 5-6 distance be suitable, orientation is suitable (wattles on plant have the vertical range of 5-10cm between raw position, and the orientation of distribution is different within the scope of direction, 360 degree, all directions, mutually not overlapping) branch as major branch candidate, more than the highest major branch inserted part in ground, center limb is being cut, sentencing on lower stem and the coppice spout of root is all erased by surely dry simultaneously; Mid-November as major branch from the selected vigorous branches that 3 distances are suitable for, orientation is suitable of plant, retains 4-5 bud and carries out cutting back; The annual branch of 2-3 terminal bud formation bud retains as Flowering Branches in addition;
The terminal bud pumping spray of part annual branch within (3) the 3rd years, is namely had to bloom product seed, mid-March from each major branch select and remain 4-5 distance be suitable, orientation is suitable (different young sprout on major branch have the vertical range of 3-5cm between raw position, and be evenly distributed in the both sides of major branch) young sprout as primary lateral branches candidate; Continue to erase and surely dryly sentence on lower trunk and the coppice spout of root; Mid-November, selected on each major branch 3 are evenly distributed, more sturdy branch as primary lateral branches, and retains 3-4 bud to it and carry out cutting back; The side shoot of 1-2 terminal bud formation bud retains as Flowering Branches in addition; Split the branch spent and wipe out the withered part in top;
Namely (4) the 4th years Feng Dan enter to bloom and produce the seed Sheng phase, mid-March from each primary lateral branches select and remain 3-4 distance be suitable, orientation is suitable (different young sprout on primary lateral branches have the vertical range of 2-4cm between raw position, and be evenly distributed in the both sides of primary lateral branches) young sprout as secondary side shoot candidate; Continue to erase and surely dryly sentence on lower trunk and the coppice spout of root; Mid-November is a selected secondary side shoot 2-3 be evenly distributed on each primary lateral branches; Remove the intersection branch on plant, overlapping branch, interior to branch, branches all on tree is evenly distributed; Wipe out top respectively to branch with a grain of salt to dry up part.
Wherein, every 667m before field planting
2soil executes the sheep excrement that 200-400kg becomes thoroughly decomposed, 10 ~ 50kg slow-release fertilizer; Annual early or mid Febuary plant sprouting period and spend the first tenday period of a month in May withered after, every tree imposes composite fertilizer 50g, the rare-earth fertilizer of foliage-spray 0.1% concentration; After pruning mid-November, every tree executes 200-400g chicken manure and 20g slow-release fertilizer.
Autumn then described in step (1) be mid-September-mid-October; Described cutting back fixed dry be that twig above for 2 years raw phoenix red seedling trunk distance 15-20cm places, ground is all cut.
Step (2) major branch is that length is greater than 25cm, and base portion rugosity is greater than the branch of 0.2cm.
The primary lateral branches that step (3) is selected and remain is that length is greater than 15cm, and rugosity is greater than the branch of 0.1cm.
Step (4) wipes out part naturally withered below top to annual branch.
The composite fertilizer imposed in early or mid Febuary and the first tenday period of a month in May is nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium=16:16:16, the composite fertilizer of commercially available any brand of total nutrient content >=48%, " A Kang " board composite fertilizer of preferred Russian import.
The nitrogen of described slow-release fertilizer: phosphorus: the molar ratio of potassium element is: 14:13:13, slow-release period: 5-6 month; " green No. 5 difficult to understand " slow-release fertilizer that preferred Scotts company produces.
Described rare-earth fertilizer is rare-earth fertilizer or the RE microbial fertilizer of commercially available any manufacturer production that this area is commonly used, " green overlord " board high-tech rare-earth fertilizer that preferred Baotou factory of Ruo Ersi composite fertilizer produces.
Key point of the present invention:
(1) according to the feature that the red shoot growth of phoenix is grown and bloomed, pruning is carried out according to natural open centre shape is tree-like, by fixed dry in time after field planting, annual bud picking in spring with winter cutting back, sparse branching prunes and combines, major branch of selecting and remain year by year, primary lateral branches, secondary side shoot, makes tree body branch amount large, spatial distribution is reasonable, early flowering result, and enter to bloom and contain after date and can ensure the fruit bearing shoot that quantity is stable, make the red high and stable yield of phoenix.
(2) combine reasonably fertilising while pruning, meet the nutrition needed for tree body shoot growth, for promoting that nutrition foundation is established in the growth of tree body Flowering Branches.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
Adopt shaping and trimming method of the present invention, red for phoenix plant can be trained the tree-like of natural open centre shape, many more than 1 times of the tree that the total amount of branch is not pruned, and branch being evenly distributed on plant, ventilation and penetrating light; Wherein Flowering Branches do sth. in advance 1 year formed, enter produce the seed phase do sth. in advance 1 year; After entering full-bloom stage, Flowering Branches quantity increases by more than 2 times, and individual plant seed yield improves more than 2 times.And ensured that Feng Dan sets the Flowering Branches basis of body at the high and stable yield of following 50-60, for the oil fast development of tree peony industry provides material guarantee, have important practical significance.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described further.
A kind of promotion oil tree peony---shaping and trimming method of the red seed high yield of phoenix, its step is as follows:
(1) fixed dry: on October 14th, 2010 by the red seedling field planting of raw phoenix in 2 years, every 667m before field planting
2soil executes 25kg sheep excrement, 3kg " green No. 5 difficult to understand " slow-release fertilizer; Seeding row spacing adopts 40cm × 50cm, fixed dry apart from 15cm place, ground after field planting;
(2) to select and remain major branch: before rudiment on February 15 in 2011, every tree imposes composite fertilizer 50g, the rare-earth fertilizer of foliage-spray 0.1% concentration; March 16, when 8-10cm is grown in rudiment, utilize 1 year raw young sprout trunk sprouting or raw sublateral shoot then, therefrom selected that 5 distances are suitable for, the suitable i.e. wattles in orientation on plant have the vertical range of 5-10cm between raw position, and the orientation of distribution is different within the scope of direction, 360 degree, all directions, mutual nonoverlapping branch is as major branch candidate, more than the highest major branch inserted part in distance ground, center limb is cut, sentence on lower trunk and the coppice spout of root is all erased by surely dry simultaneously; Body was set for a long time prosperous May 8, every tree imposes " A Kang " board composite fertilizer (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium=16:16:16 of Russia's production, total nutrient content >=48%) 50g, " green overlord " board high-tech rare-earth fertilizer that the additional Baotou factory of Ruo Ersi composite fertilizer spraying 0.1% produces; November 18, from the selected vigorous branches that 3 distances are suitable for, orientation is suitable of plant as major branch, retain 4 buds and carry out cutting back; The annual branch that other 2 terminal buds form bud retains as Flowering Branches, and remaining weak branch, brachyplast all remove;
(3) to select and remain primary lateral branches: select and remain that 5 distances are suitable for from each major branch on March 18th, 2012, the suitable i.e. different young sprout in orientation on major branch have the vertical range of 3-5cm between raw position, and the young sprout being evenly distributed in major branch both sides is as primary lateral branches candidate; Continue to erase and surely dryly sentence on lower trunk and the coppice spout of root; April 7, the terminal bud pumping spray of part annual branch blooms, and 2 flowers are opened in average every strain.November 16, selected on each major branch 3 are evenly distributed, more sturdy annual branch as primary lateral branches, and retains 4 buds to it and carry out cutting back; The side shoot that other 2 terminal buds form bud retains as Flowering Branches; Split the branch spent and wipe out the withered part in top; The same step of fertilizing method (2).
(4) to select and remain secondary side shoot: select and remain that 3-4 distance is suitable from each primary lateral branches on March 15th, 2013, the suitable i.e. different young sprout in orientation on primary lateral branches have the vertical range of 2-4cm between raw position, and the young sprout being evenly distributed in the both sides of primary lateral branches is as secondary side shoot candidate; Continue to erase and surely dryly sentence on lower trunk and the coppice spout of root; 5 flowers are opened in the average every strain of Feng Dan on April 10; Mid-November is a selected secondary side shoot 2-3 be evenly distributed on each primary lateral branches; Remove the intersection branch on plant, overlapping branch, interior to branch, branches all on tree is evenly distributed; And top is wiped out respectively to the branch retained to dry up part.
(5) enter the pruning of Sheng after date of blooming: on April 8th, 2014, average every strain Feng Dan opens 10 flowers, enters the Sheng phase of blooming.Now Plantlet formation natural open centre shape is tree-like, and branch at different levels is uniformly distributed, and makes full use of space, whole plant ventilation and penetrating light, and position of yielding positive results presents three-dimensional, and flowering quality is good, Hua great, and seed development is good, and when gathering, thousand kernel weight is higher than the plant do not pruned.The developmental state having investigated the red plant of 20 strain phoenix on November 10 finds (as table 1), compared with the plant do not pruned, 1.61 times are added by the branch total amount on the red plant of the phoenix of method pruning of the present invention, wherein long shoot number adds 2.71 times, flower bud number adds 2.60 times, and invalid descendant number is zero.It is tree-like that whole strain tree forms natural open centre shape, and branch at different levels is evenly distributed, ventilation and penetrating light.
Table 1 pruning is on the impact (investigation on November 10th, 2014) of the red Tree growth of phoenix
| Process | Branch total quantity (individual) | Long shoot (length > 30cm) number (individual) | Root turion branch number (individual) | Flower bud number (individual) |
| Do not prune | 5.2 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 4.3 |
| Prune | 13.6 | 7.8 | 0 | 15.5 |
November 12, urge axillalry bud rejuvenation to 1/3 cutting back that carries out opening colored branch then wherein more healthy and stronger, thinner and more delicate carrying out removes, and the branch quantity that whole strain is set maintains rational level, remove intersection branch, overlapping branch simultaneously, branches all on tree is evenly distributed.
Those skilled in the art should know; protection scheme of the present invention is not limited only to the above embodiments; various permutation and combination and conversion can also be carried out on the basis of above-described embodiment; under the prerequisite without prejudice to spirit of the present invention, the various conversion that the present invention carries out all are dropped in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. promote that oil is with tree peony---a shaping and trimming method for the red seed high yield of phoenix, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) 2 years of field planting in autumn then red seedling of raw phoenix apart from ground 15 ?the full bud place of 20cm carry out cutting back and surely do;
(2) during the red young sprout pumping of Second Year phoenix mid-March, utilize 1 year raw young sprout trunk sprouting or raw sublateral shoot then, therefrom select 5 ?6 distances are suitable for, orientation is suitable branch as major branch candidate, more than the highest major branch inserted part in distance ground, center limb is cut, sentence on lower stem and the coppice spout of root is all erased by surely dry simultaneously; Mid-November from the selected vigorous branches that 3 distances are suitable for, orientation is suitable of plant as major branch, retain 4 ?5 buds carry out cutting back; Other 2 ?3 terminal buds annual branch of forming buds retain as Flowering Branches;
The terminal bud pumping spray of (3) the 3rd years part annual branches blooms, mid-March from each major branch select and remain 4 ?5 distances are suitable for, orientation is suitable young sprout as primary lateral branches candidate; Continue to erase and surely dryly sentence on lower trunk and the coppice spout of root; Mid-November, on each major branch selected 3 be evenly distributed, more sturdy branch as primary lateral branches, and to its retain 3 ?4 buds carry out cutting back; Other 1 ?2 terminal buds side shoot of forming buds retain as Flowering Branches; Split the branch spent and wipe out the withered part in top;
Within (4) the 4th years, Feng Dan enters the Sheng phase of blooming, and mid-March selects and remain 3 ?, 4 distances are suitable for, orientation is suitable young sprout as secondary side shoot candidate from each primary lateral branches; Continue to erase and surely dryly sentence on lower trunk and the coppice spout of root; Mid-November on each primary lateral branches the selected secondary side shoot 2 be evenly distributed ?3; Remove the intersection branch on plant, overlapping branch, interior to branch, branches all on tree is evenly distributed; Wipe out top to branch with a grain of salt to dry up part.
Wherein, every 667m before field planting
2soil execute 200 ?the sheep excrement that becomes thoroughly decomposed of 400kg, 10 ~ 50kg slow-release fertilizer; Annual early or mid Febuary plant sprouting period and spend the first tenday period of a month in May withered after, every tree imposes composite fertilizer 50g, the rare-earth fertilizer of foliage-spray 0.1% concentration; After pruning mid-November, every tree execute 200 ?400g chicken manure and 20g slow-release fertilizer.
2. trimming method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the autumn then described in step (1) is ten days ?mid-October in September; Described cutting back fixed dry be that twig above for 2 years raw phoenix red seedling trunk distance 15-20cm places, ground is all cut.
3. trimming method according to claim 1, the distance that it is characterized in that described in step (2) is suitable for, the suitable finger wattles in orientation on plant have between raw position 5 ?the vertical range of 10cm, and the orientation of distribution is different within the scope of direction, 360 degree, all directions, not overlapping mutually; Described major branch is that length is greater than 25cm, and base portion rugosity is greater than the branch of 0.2cm.
4. trimming method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the distance described in step (3) is suitable for, orientation suitable refer to different young sprout on major branch have between raw position 3 ?the vertical range of 5cm, and be evenly distributed in the both sides of major branch.
5. trimming method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the primary lateral branches that step (3) is selected and remain is that length is greater than 15cm, rugosity is greater than the branch of 0.1cm.
6. trimming method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the distance described in step (4) is suitable for, orientation suitable refer to different young sprout on primary lateral branches have between raw position 2 ?the vertical range of 4cm, and be evenly distributed in the both sides of primary lateral branches.
7. trimming method according to claim 1, is characterized in that step (4) wipes out part naturally withered below top to annual branch.
8. trimming method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the composite fertilizer imposed in early or mid Febuary and the first tenday period of a month in May is nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium=16:16:16, the composite fertilizer of commercially available any brand of total nutrient content >=48%, " A Kang " board composite fertilizer of preferred Russian import.
9. trimming method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the nitrogen of the slow-release fertilizer described in step (5): phosphorus: the molar ratio of potassium element is: 14:13:13, slow-release period: 5-6 month; " green No. 5 difficult to understand " slow-release fertilizer that preferred Scotts company produces.
10. the trimming method according to claim, the rare-earth fertilizer that it is characterized in that described in step (5) is rare-earth fertilizer or the RE microbial fertilizer of commercially available any manufacturer production that this area is commonly used, " green overlord " board high-tech rare-earth fertilizer that preferred Baotou factory of Ruo Ersi composite fertilizer produces.
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| CN104770174A (en) * | 2015-04-15 | 2015-07-15 | 芜湖市丹洋现代农业科技发展有限公司 | High-quality and high-yield planting method of oil peonies |
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| CN107258427A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-10-20 | 甘肃省农业科学院林果花卉研究所 | It is a kind of to prevent and treat the pruning method that the female branch of Paeonia papaveracea is degenerated |
| CN109089712A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2018-12-28 | 徐兆林 | A kind of quick three major branch of formation fruit tree is got bumper crops tree-like technical method |
| CN110432025A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2019-11-12 | 洛阳牡丹发展中心 | A kind of oil tree peony high yield type pruning method |
| CN113179846A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-07-30 | 云南省林业和草原科学院 | High-yield promoting pruning method for smilax scobinicaulis |
| CN114586595A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-06-07 | 洛阳农林科学院 | Cultivation method for rapidly increasing plant height of peony |
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