CN103988697B - A kind of method of apocarya seedling breeding - Google Patents

A kind of method of apocarya seedling breeding Download PDF

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CN103988697B
CN103988697B CN201410241326.3A CN201410241326A CN103988697B CN 103988697 B CN103988697 B CN 103988697B CN 201410241326 A CN201410241326 A CN 201410241326A CN 103988697 B CN103988697 B CN 103988697B
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grafting
paper bag
cuttage
matrix
apocarya
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CN103988697A (en
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李永荣
张计育
翟敏
郭忠仁
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Nanjing Lvzhou Pecan Co ltd
Institute of Botany of CAS
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Nanjing Lvzhou Pecan Co ltd
Institute of Botany of CAS
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of method of apocarya seedling breeding.Choose annual apocarya seedling branch, being cut into length is 10cm, and lower end is immersed in 4h in the NAA solution of 800mg/L.Matrix loaded in paper bag, cutting inserted, the paper bag that cuttage is good nestles up and is placed in net dish with holes, is then placed on seedbed.In Rooting Process, soil moisture remains on about 70%, and the temperature of cutting lower end is at 25-30 DEG C.Cuttage carries out grafting in 40 days later, adopt and insert skin whip grafting, after grafting, the kraft paper bag being inserted with cutting is transferred in large basin, after filling in matrix around, extract kraft paper bag out 4/5, grafting observed graft survival rate after 15 days, and paper bag is removed completely, carry out high density rich water quality management subsequently, utilize the method can make apocarya nursery stock more than current growth 80cm, and survival rate more than 90%.

Description

A kind of method of apocarya seedling breeding
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit tree and field of forest cultivation technology, relate to a kind of method of apocarya seedling breeding.
Background technology
Apocarya, has another name called pecan tree, is a kind in Juglandaceae, hickory.Originating in the U.S. and Mexico, is one of important in the world oil plant dry fruit tree variety, and the thin easy stripping of its shell, kernel is plump, taste is fragrant good to eat, has higher nutritive value.Trunk leads to straight, tree-like grace, well established and vigorously developing, is to turn the four sides green and the fine tree species of ornamental plantation.The simultaneously tough and tensile densification of timber, heartwood is dark red, sapwood is yellowish-white, full of elasticity, not yielding and cracking, is the fine timber tree species such as building, noble furniture.Therefore, apocarya is that purposes is wide, the obvious excellent economic tree of benefit period length, high financial profit, social benefit and ecological benefits.
Apocarya introduces the history that China has more than 110 year, though the unremitting effort through have passed through several generations, there is no the forest zone of a slice specification and the orchard of a stable and high yields at present, let alone scale and industrialization.The roasted seeds and nuts " green fruit " of existing market sale, " Longevity ", all from imported from America.Why there is this situation, have many masters, odjective cause.Apocarya improved seeds breed mainly through propagation by grafiting, propagation by grafiting stock used is mainly from root anvil, and the seedling that apocarya planting seed is cultivated, because seed price costliness causes seedling cost too high.Apocarya 1 kilogram of seed about 100 ?160, germination rate is 60%, planting percent is 95%, every kilogram of seed planting percent is 52-91, so the seed costs price of every seedling is 1 yuan to 2 yuan, in addition, also have cost of land and labor cost, so current apocarya seedling cost costly.In addition, although apocarya sows the technology full maturity of grafting then then, the nursery stock that grafting is formed is very weak, is known as " mouse tail ", needs Second Year to grow again and just can go out garden in 1 year.So not only cost is high to utilize seedling grafting to carry out nursery, and time-consuming.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the above-mentioned defect for prior art, a kind of method of apocarya seedling breeding is provided.
Object of the present invention realizes by following technical scheme:
A method for apocarya seedling breeding, comprises the steps:
(1) cutting prepares and process:
Choose annual apocarya seedling branch, be cut into length be 8 ?the brachyplast of 10cm, its lower end be immersed in 750 ?850mg/L NAA solution in 4h;
(2) cuttage seedbed prepares:
Do booth, outer cover plastic film, film enclosing cover sunshade net, flattened on ground, make the furrow of 20m × 2m, furrow are high is 40 ?50cm, and beneath paving stone 8 ?15cm, then spreads heating wire, the matrix that heating wire upper berth 5 ?10cm is thick;
(3) cuttage:
In the paper bag that matrix loading brown paper is made, matrix flushes with paper bag top edge, then cutting one end is inserted matrix 7 ?9cm, the other end retains 1cm dew in atmosphere, then being nestled up by the paper bag that cuttage is good is placed in net dish with holes, net dish to be placed in step (2) on ready seedbed, by matrix, the space around paper bag to be filled up;
(4) manage after cuttage:
Water make soil moisture remain on 25 ?50%, every 6 ?within 7 days, water 1 time, the temperature of soil low side and cutting lower end 25 ?30 DEG C, air temperature control 7 ?12 DEG C;
(5) scion prepares:
After apocarya winter dormancy, the annual apocarya branch of clip, be cut into 15 ?the brachyplast of 20cm, after the sealing wax of two ends, with Polypropylence Sheet parcel, be placed on 4 DEG C of refrigerations;
(6) grafting and managing after grafting:
Cuttage 35 ?within 50 days, carry out grafting later, grafting adopts inserts skin whip grafting, transfers in nutritive cube after grafting by the kraft paper bag being inserted with cutting, after around filling in matrix, kraft paper bag is extracted out 3/5 ?4/5, grafting observed graft survival rate after 15 days, and paper bag is removed completely, grafting is after one month.Wide 12cm is in large field, the furrow of dark 20cm, furrow line-spacing is 30cm, is then placed on furrow by nutritive cube by spacing in the rows 20cm, finally with soil, nutritive cube is fixed, water is irrigated and is adopted furrow irrigation, and the number of times of furrow irrigation is determined according to local rainfall, and within 10 days, rainfall is no more than 20mm, irrigate once, all the time soil moisture content is made to be not less than 60%, July and August, the GA of spray 2 concentration 200ppm 3, after grafting after bud is sprouted, within every 2 weeks, carry out 1 spraying Zn on leaves, time remaining to by the end of August, the May after grafting, June, July, August monthly nitrogen fertilizer application 1 time.
Stone preferred melon seeds sheet handstone in step (2), the preferred 10cm of laying depth, above heating wire spread the preferred 8cm of thickness of matrix.
Step (2) and the matrix described in (3) they are the conventional matrix of apocarya cultivation, as by perlite 40wt%, peat soil 40wt%, and river sand 15wt%, the matrix that vermiculite 5wt% mixes.
Time in the preferred February of step (3) described cuttage.
The preferred diameter of step (3) heifer paper bag be 5 ?8cm, be highly 9 ?12cm.
The preferred 9cm of the degree of depth that in step (3), cutting is inserted.
In step (6), preferred cuttage carries out grafting in 40 days later.
The preferred diameter of step (6) Middle nutrition alms bowl be 15 ?20cm, be highly 16 ?18cm.
The scope of preferably being extracted out by kraft paper bag in step (6) is 4/5.
The chemical agent preferably sulfuric acid zinc of spraying Zn on leaves in step (6), wherein sulfuric acid zinc concentration preferred 2g/L ?3g/L.
The preferred urea of nitrogenous fertilizer used in step (6), the amount used is: 5, June, every mu of nitrogen fertilizer application 20 ?30 jin, 7, August, every mu of nitrogen fertilizer application 30 ?50 jin.
Beneficial effect:
Current apocarya is bred mainly through grafting, and after the apocarya stock summer budding of life in 1 year, winter will carry out stump after fallen leaves, and the annotinous branch after stump, without any value, causes the wasting of resources.The present invention carries out grafting after making full use of annotinous branch cuttage, makes full use of waste resource, reduces apocarya stock cost.In addition, by method of the present invention by the time compress of nurturing staff by 1 year, substantially reduce the cultivation time in apocarya strong sprout, time shorten 1 ?2 years.Utilize the inventive method can make apocarya nursery stock more than current growth 80cm, and survival rate more than 90%, the invention of this technology is educated training fast for apocarya and is had great importance strong sprout.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
(1) method of a kind of apocarya seedling breeding of the present invention, comprises the steps:
(1) cutting prepares and process:
Annual early Febuary, choose annual apocarya seedling branch, be cut into the brachyplast that length is 10cm, its lower end is immersed in 4h in the NAA solution of 800mg/L;
(2) cuttage seedbed prepares:
Do the booth of 60m × 8m, outer cover plastic film, film enclosing cover sunshade net, flattens ground, make the furrow of 20m × 2m, furrow height is 40cm, and beneath paving melon seeds sheet handstone 10cm, then spreads heating wire, the matrix that heating wire upper berth 8cm is thick, matrix is perlite 40%, peat soil 40%, river sand 15%, and vermiculite 5% mixes;
(3) cuttage:
Be 6cm by the diameter that matrix loading brown paper is made, be highly in the paper bag of 9cm, matrix flushes with paper bag, then cutting is inserted, 9cm in matrix is inserted in cutting, has 1cm to reveal in atmosphere, is then nestled up by the paper bag that cuttage is good and be placed in net dish with holes, then net dish is placed on seedbed, by matrix, the space around paper bag is filled up;
(4) manage after cuttage:
Water and make soil moisture remain on about 30%, watered every 7 days 1 time, the temperature of soil low side and cutting lower end is at 25-30 DEG C, and air temperature control is at 7-12 DEG C;
(5) scion prepares:
After apocarya winter dormancy, the annual apocarya branch of clip, is cut into the brachyplast of 15-20cm, after the sealing wax of two ends, with Polypropylence Sheet parcel, is placed on 4 DEG C of refrigerations;
(6) grafting and managing after grafting:
Cuttage carries out grafting in 40 days later, and grafting adopts inserts skin whip grafting, transfers in large nutritive cube after grafting by the kraft paper bag being inserted with cutting, after filling in matrix around, extract kraft paper bag out 4/5, grafting observed graft survival rate after 15 days, and paper bag is removed completely, grafting is after one month.Wide 12cm is in large field, the furrow of dark 20cm, furrow line-spacing is 30cm, is then placed on furrow by nutritive cube by spacing in the rows 20cm, finally with soil, nutritive cube is fixed, water is irrigated and is adopted furrow irrigation, and the number of times of furrow irrigation is determined according to local rainfall, and within 10 days, rainfall is no more than 20mm, irrigate once, all the time soil moisture content is made to be not less than 60%, July and August, the GA of spray 2 concentration 200ppm 3, after grafting after bud is sprouted, within every 2 weeks, carry out 1 spraying Zn on leaves, time remaining is to by the end of August, and the chemical agent of spraying Zn on leaves is zinc sulphate, and wherein sulfuric acid zinc concentration is 2.5g/L.May after grafting, June, July, August monthly nitrogen fertilizer application 1 time, nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, and the amount used is, 5, June, every mu of nitrogen fertilizer application 25 jin, 7, August, every mu of nitrogen fertilizer application 40 jin.
(2) a kind of apocarya sows the method (grafting then, cut anvil then) of grafting then then, comprises the steps:
(1) stock prepares
Stock is the apocarya seedling of giving birth to then.Gather annual October and do the elite seed of stock, December carries out cold stratification, carries out high temperature vernalization process, carry out bud transplantation of seedlings by the end of March at the beginning of 2 months next year, and the same year carries out square bud grafting to the stock choosing more than diameter 0.8cm at the beginning of 9 months by the end of July.
(2) scion prepares
Choose the branch that improved seeds life in 1 year reaches semi-lignified, after cutting, remove blade, retain petiole.Bud section is stage casing bud, and experimental study shows, the graft survival rate of stage casing bud is significantly higher than epimere bud and hypomere bud.Scion preferably now adopts existing use, notes moisturizing.
(3) graft technology
Select to grow substantial ripe bud sheet in the middle part of scion, at bud sheet up and down apart from each horizontal partial application in bud 0.5-0.8cm place, then in each vertical partial application in upper lower cut both sides, the rectangle bulk forming band phloem is buddered.At raw stock overhead 15 places then, choose each horizontal partial application up and down of smooth position, deeply reach xylem, length with budder identical; Indulge partial application in stock both sides, tear phloem off, put into and budder, the side cortex that makes to budder aligns with stock interface side cortex.Tightly wrap up with the plastic strip of 1cm, make to budder and stock contiguity, expose sprout and petiole.One " dewatering outlet " can be stayed in the lower right corner of otch, be beneficial to draining.
(4) managing after grafting
Grafting then, cut anvil then, after grafting 15 days, observe the survival rate of buddering, and notice that timely solution is tied up.Stock can sprout a large amount of young shoots, timely bud picking, prevent the bud on stock and budder competition for nutrients.Note rich water quality management: water is irrigated and adopted furrow irrigation, and the number of times of furrow irrigation is determined according to local rainfall, and within 10 days, rainfall is no more than 20mm, irrigates once, makes soil moisture content be not less than 60% all the time, July and August, the GA of spray 2 concentration 200ppm simultaneously 3.
(3) a kind of apocarya sows the method (grafting then, spring next year cut anvil) of grafting then then, comprises the steps:
The method (grafting then, cut anvil then) of grafting is then sowed in stock preparation, scion preparation, the same method of graft technology (two) a kind of apocarya then.Managing after grafting, after raw stock adopts the method grafting of bud grafting then, does not cut stock then, budders and do not sprout, and forms half seedling that band bud is passed the winter.After grafting 15 days, observe the survival rate of buddering, and notice that timely solution is tied up.Spring in next year, bud cut anvil at above 1cm place of buddering before sprouting.Stock can sprout a large amount of young shoots, timely bud picking, prevent the bud on stock and budder competition for nutrients.Note rich water quality management, irrigate and adopt furrow irrigation, the number of times of furrow irrigation is determined according to local rainfall, and within 10 days, rainfall is no more than 20mm simultaneously, irrigates once, makes soil moisture content be not less than 60% all the time, July and August, the GA of spray 2 concentration 200ppm 3.
Result: can find out by comparing analysis to above 3 kinds of diverse ways, method (two) is although budder and can sprout, the branch that pumping one is very small and weak, but owing to cutting anvil (about the 1cm that budders locates), summer temp is high, stock clip easily dries up, and affects the survival rate of buddering.If stay longer stock to cut anvil above buddering, due to terminal bud advantage, germination and growth of buddering becomes branch amount less, secondary can be caused simultaneously to cut stock, delay work and mistake.After cutting anvil then, sprout pumping branch, next year can a lot of branch of pumping, and seedling quality is poor, and the rate in strong sprout of being cultivated by 2 years is very low, and only about 55%.Method (three) raw stock bud grafting then and do not cut anvil then, bud is not sprouted, next year, amount of growth was large, without branch, survival rate and seedling growth amount all higher.Therefore, can become high-quality grafting strong sprout from apocarya seed culture by 2 years, strong sprout, rate reached 95%.And utilizing method of the present invention can obtain strong sprout then, strong sprout, rate reached about 90%, substantially reduced the time of cultivating apocarya strong sprout, had great importance for the industrialization promoting apocarya fast.
The seedling-cultivating method of table 1 patent of the present invention and comparing of other seedling-cultivating method

Claims (9)

1. a method for apocarya seedling breeding, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) cutting prepares and process:
Choose annual apocarya seedling branch, be cut into the brachyplast that length is 8-10cm, its lower end is immersed in 4h in the NAA solution of 750-850mg/L;
(2) cuttage seedbed prepares:
Do booth, outer cover plastic film, plastic film enclosing cover sunshade net, flattened on ground, make the furrow of 20m × 2m, furrow height is 40-50cm, and beneath paving stone 8-15cm, then spreads heating wire, the matrix that heating wire upper berth 5-10cm is thick;
(3) cuttage:
In the paper bag that matrix loading brown paper is made, matrix flushes with kraft paper bag top edge, then matrix 7-9cm is inserted in cutting one end, the other end retains 1cm dew in atmosphere, then being nestled up by the kraft paper bag that cuttage is good is placed in net dish with holes, net dish to be placed in step (2) on ready cuttage seedbed, by matrix, the space around kraft paper bag to be filled up;
(4) manage after cuttage:
Water and make soil moisture remain on 25-50%, watered every 6-7 days 1 time, the temperature of soil bottom and cutting lower end is at 25-30 DEG C, and air temperature control is at 7-12 DEG C;
(5) scion prepares:
After apocarya winter dormancy, the annual apocarya branch of clip, is cut into the brachyplast of 15-20cm, after the sealing wax of two ends, with Polypropylence Sheet parcel, is placed on 4 DEG C of refrigerations;
(6) grafting and managing after grafting:
Grafting is carried out after cuttage 35-50 days, grafting adopts inserts skin whip grafting, after grafting, the kraft paper bag being inserted with cutting is transferred in nutritive cube, after filling in matrix around, extract kraft paper bag out 3/5-4/5, grafting observed graft survival rate after 15 days, and kraft paper bag is removed completely, grafting is after one month, wide 12cm is in large field, the furrow of dark 20cm, furrow line-spacing is 30cm, then nutritive cube is placed on furrow by spacing in the rows 20cm, finally with soil, nutritive cube is fixed, water is irrigated and is adopted furrow irrigation, the number of times of furrow irrigation is determined according to local rainfall, within 10 days, rainfall is no more than 20mm, irrigate once, all the time soil moisture content is made to be not less than 60%, July and August, the GA of spray 2 concentration 200ppm 3, after grafting after bud is sprouted, within every 2 weeks, carry out 1 spraying Zn on leaves, time remaining is to by the end of August, and the chemical agent of spraying Zn on leaves is zinc sulphate, and sulfuric acid zinc concentration is 2g/L-3g/L, May after grafting, June, July, August monthly nitrogen fertilizer application 1 time.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the stone in step (2) is melon seeds sheet handstone, laying depth is 10cm, above heating wire spread matrix thickness be 8cm.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the time of step (3) described cuttage is February.
4. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the diameter of step (3) heifer paper bag is 5-8cm, is highly 9-12cm.
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the degree of depth of cutting insertion matrix in step (3) is 9cm.
6. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that in step (6), cuttage carries out grafting in 40 days later.
7. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the diameter of step (6) Middle nutrition alms bowl is 15-20cm, is highly 16-18cm.
8. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the scope of being extracted out by kraft paper bag in the middle grafting of step (6) and managing after grafting is 4/5.
9. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the nitrogenous fertilizer used in step (6) is urea, the amount used is: 5, June, monthly every mu of nitrogen fertilizer application 20-30 jin, 7, August, monthly every mu of nitrogen fertilizer application 30-50 jin.
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