CN103548515B - Rapid walnut orchard establishment technology for direct seeding orchard establishment - Google Patents
Rapid walnut orchard establishment technology for direct seeding orchard establishment Download PDFInfo
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- CN103548515B CN103548515B CN201310502811.7A CN201310502811A CN103548515B CN 103548515 B CN103548515 B CN 103548515B CN 201310502811 A CN201310502811 A CN 201310502811A CN 103548515 B CN103548515 B CN 103548515B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a rapid walnut orchard establishment technology for direct seeding orchard establishment and belongs to the technical field of cultivation. The technology is a method for sowing seeds of thick-skin walnuts or pecans serving as stocks artificially in a single row according to a ruled spacing in the rows and spacing between rows by utilizing a cultivation mode of establishing an orchard through onsite-stock grafting; the cultivated variety is grafted in next year; seedlings are remained according to required spacing in the rows and spacing between rows in the third year. Through the walnut direct seeding orchard establishment technology, seedlings are in-situ and are not subjected to the processes such as lifting of seedlings, transplanting and revival of seedlings, and roots are not damaged, so that survival rate of afforestation is high, the orchard establishment speed is fast, the survival rate of over-wintering is improved greatly, the trees are neat and consistent, and convenience is brought to management. The cost of the walnut direct seeding orchard establishment is low, the time taken for orchard establishment is short, and fast effect is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of live quick walnut garden technology building garden, belong to and cultivate technical field.
Background technology
Juglans Juglandaceae, deciduous tree, winglike compound leaf, the height of tree is typically at 15-20 rice.Florescence is at the beginning of-5 months by the end of April, single
Property, hermaphroditism.Really the phase is October, fruit close to spherical, diameter 3-5 centimetre.Outer peel is meat, and celadon above has brown
Speckle.Endocarp is hard, has gauffer, yellowish-brown.Before and after Fruit combines in White Dew, fruit rinds is macerated rotten, the rinsing dry in the sun of interior fruit,
Clean out, it is simply that " Semen Juglandis " described in people.
Walnut, deciduous tree, may be up to 35m, bark canescence, shallow lobe, branch marrow lamellar, sprout tip tool is thin
Pubescence；2 years raw branch Chang Wumao.The long 25-50cm of winglike compound leaf, lobule 5-9, rare 13, ellipticity is avette to oval, top
Raw lobule is the biggest, long 5-15cm, wide 3-6cm, and tip is anxious sharp or tapering, and base portion circle or wedge shape, be heart-shaped sometimes, Quan Yuan
Or have inconspicuous cognate, surface bottle green, without hair, the back side only arteries and veins axil has microtriche, and petiolule is extremely short or nothing.The male long 5-of catkin
10cm, male flower has stamen 6-30, and calyx 3 splits；1-3 consor of female flower, style 2 splits, crimson color.Fruit is spherical, diameter about 5cm,
Celadon.Tool glandular hair during children, without hair time old, internal nut is spherical, and yellowish-brown, there is irregular groove on surface.
At present, tradition walnut garden mainly includes nursery, transplants, builds the programs such as garden.Tradition builds the nursery stock product that child-care center occurs
The situations such as specific admixture, survival rate are low, to build garden speed slow have become the Walnut Industry bottleneck problem developed rapidly at present.So for
Problem above proposes walnut direct seeding orchard establishment pattern, i.e. according to setting seeding row spacing sowing, the 2nd year grafting cultivation kind, builds up
Garden.Orchard worker considers regularity and the early yield in garden of building when building garden, often uses finished product Miao Jian garden, not only needs to pay in a large number
Fund purchases nursery stock, also needs the work carrying out digging hollow place, repeatedly water when plantation, and the survival rate of nursery stock is low, nursery stock warp
Lifting, transport, time length cause nursery stock part root system impaired.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of live quick walnut garden technology building garden, to overcome original Zai Miaojian garden
Middle nursery, dig the link such as Seedling, transplanting, shorten growth cycle, improve yield.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme is as follows.
A kind of live quick walnut garden technology building garden, with utilizing the seat cultivation mode of anvil grafting Cheng Yuan, specifically,
Being pachydermia Semen Juglandis or the Semen Caryae Cathayensis planting seed utilizing and makeing stock, manually the seeding row spacing according to regulation carries out the side of single file sowing
Method, in Second Year grafting cultivation kind, within the 3rd year, seeding row spacing on request stays Seedling.It is live that to build garden detailed process as follows:
(1) field selects: select on the sunny side, physical features is smooth, soil layer is deep, fertile soil, level of ground water are less than 2.0 meters, fill
The sand irrigating condition good builds garden；Before sowing, in 2-3 week, execute the farm manure become thoroughly decomposed completely, pour water after deep ploughing.
(2) seed collection: should select when gathering seed, full maturity, not by disease pest harm, the full thick shell Semen Juglandis of kernel
Seed, is saved in the place being dried ventilation.
(3) seed treatment: broadcast front seed demand soaked 5-7 days, changes water every day 1 time；Seed is exposed to the sun after pulling out one day, duricrust
Breach can be sowed.
(4) stock cropping pattern:
Catch cropping sowing seeding row spacing 7 × 8m, sets sowing cave.60cm × 40cm × the 40cm that digs pit inserts fertilizer 5kg, phosphate fertilizer
200g, mixing.Table soil is filled to sow the cave 8-10cm degree of depth, puts processed stock Semen Juglandis kind, improves the soil 3-5cm seam in Semen Juglandis surface
Zygonema blinding perpendicular to the ground is also patted.On film, about 1m2 is covered after dibbling pattern or employing dibbling after using first spreading
Thin film pattern.In the ranks can catch cropping shallow root system crop.
Semen Juglandis intensive garden seeding row spacing is set as 5 × 6, sets sowing cave, and type of seeding is sowed with reference to intercropping mode.At Semen Juglandis
The treelet phase (sowing was to the 4th year) in the ranks can catch cropping shallow root system crop.Semen Juglandis is only retained, in order to avoid it is raw to affect Semen Juglandis result by the 5th year
Produce.
(5) within 20 to 25 days, emerging after broadcasting, within about 40 days, all sprout, Semen Juglandis top soil scratches plastic sheeting when emerging in time.Seedling goes out
Take off film after Qi in time, water after taking off film.Every about 15 days water once (being determined by circumstances depending on soil).20g/ is executed when watering for the first time
Nitrogenous fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer (2:1) quick-acting fertilizer, opens the fertilising of 3-5cm shallow annular groove at tree body periphery 10-15cm, and third time is watered in tree
Open the shallow annular groove of 3-5cm at the 20cm of body periphery, execute 20g nitrogenous fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer: potash fertilizer (2:1:1) quick-acting fertilizer.Mid or late August waters
Open the shallow annular groove of 3-5cm at tree body periphery 20cm, execute 30g nitrogenous fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer (2:1) quick-acting fertilizer, water mid-October.
(6), after fallen leaves, tree body overwhelms, earthing about 40cm.May be used without woven bag to be enclosed within Juglans regia trees, compile the most again
Knit the protected mode of surviving the winter banketed in bag, but optimal to bury soil Wintering Methods.
(7) stock Second Year is cultivated:
Water and fertilizer management: mid or late March opens table soil, opens annular groove at tree body periphery 30-40cm before watering the first water spring,
Ditch depth 10-15cm, organic fertilizer 10kg, quick-acting fertilizer 40g, water for before grafting 4-5 days, within the most every 15 days, waters once (depending on soil moisture content
Fixed).Water stump before first time water, according to ground about 10-30cm cutting back.Several sprout tillers can be sprouted after seedling stump, select and remain
One the most healthy and the strongest, erases other sprout tillers.Sprout tillers is removed twice, the 10 days time between twice.
(8) fringe bar grafting time: be selected in mid-June more.
(9) scion selects: fringe bar semi-lignified, the Secondary Branch that sprout is enriched.Select full substantial sprout in the middle part of fringe bar.
(10) grafting method: select the seedling of Second Year growth, the footpath, the ground stock more than 0.7cm carries out grafting.Select
Annual shoot carries out grafting；Grafting is poured water the last week.
Use band xylem patch bud engrafting method and square bud grafting method.Band xylem bud grafting: fringe bar removes petiole, under sprout
Portion, the oblique cutter in reverse petiole direction causes fringe bar xylem, 1.5cm reverse sprout direction above sprout, takes horse ear shape band wood
Matter portion sprout.Grafting part is selected in stock according to footpath, ground 30-40cm height.The smooth place of internode takes 3cm band xylem horse ear shape, horse
Block horse ear at ear shape base portion upwards 3cm, insert the sprout on fringe bar.Phloem alignment compresses.Tighten with plastic sheeting, only dew
Go out sprout.Stay on the top of grafting mouth two panels compound leaf, every compound leaf to stay 4 lobules, prevent rising mistake from containing.Square bud grafting method: transfer
Connect position and be selected in stock away from footpath, ground 30-40cm height.Fringe bar removes petiole, and crosscutting one week at the 1cm up and down of bud arrives xylem,
It is I-shaped that sprout dorsal part indulges partial application.Take at the smooth place of stock internode and the contour size of bud square on fringe bar, draw " work "
Notched cut causes xylem.Thumb forefinger tightly pinches sprout, takes off sprout, dials the skin from stock I shape otch both sides with handle of a knife
Layer, is embedded in bud sheet in stock otch, and bud sheet fits tightly with stock otch up and down, closes up stock cortex, exposes scion sprout,
Tighten with plastic sheeting, only expose sprout.Stay two panels compound leaf, every compound leaf to stay 4 lobules, prevent transpiration on the top of grafting mouth
Cross Sheng.
(11) seedling rich water quality management after grafting: after grafting 10 days, opens annular groove Nitrogen Top Dressing at tree body periphery 40cm: phosphorus
Fertile: potash fertilizer=1:2:1, each tree 30g.Cut off the water by the end of August.
(12) nursery stock management: treat young sprout 50-70cm pinching, promotes lignifying.
(13) survive the winter: bury soil Wintering Methods, i.e. tree body overwhelms, earthing about 40cm.
The beneficial effects of the present invention is: the seedling cost of the conventional seedbed system transplantation technique used with current Semen Juglandis is high, move
After cultivation, slow Seedling is slow, build the problems such as garden time length compares, and the walnut direct seeding orchard establishment technology nursery stock in this invention, in original place, does not pass through
Lifting, transplant, the process such as slow Seedling, root system does not sustain damage, and therefore the surrival rate of afforestation is high, and garden of building is fast, and substantially increases
Overwintering survival rate, sets body neat and consistent, it is simple to management.Walnut direct seeding orchard establishment low cost by contrast, becomes the garden time short, takes effect
Hurry up.
Detailed description of the invention
The detailed description of the invention of this invention is expanded on further below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment
The live quick walnut garden technology building garden, utilizes the cultivation mode sitting ground anvil grafting Cheng Yuan, uses and does stock
Pachydermia Semen Juglandis or Semen Caryae Cathayensis planting seed, the method manually carrying out single file sowing according to the seeding row spacing of regulation, transfer at Second Year
Connecing cultivar, within the 3rd year, seeding row spacing on request stays Seedling.Detailed process is as follows:
1, field selects: select on the sunny side, physical features is smooth, soil layer is deep, fertile soil, level of ground water are less than 2.0 meters, irrigate
The sand that condition is good builds garden；Sow first 3 weeks, execute the farm manure become thoroughly decomposed completely, pour water after deep ploughing.
2, seed collection: gather seed time shell thickness be 3-4 millimeter, full maturity, not by disease pest harm, kernel full in
Late variety, is saved in the place being dried ventilation.
3, seed treatment: broadcast front seed demand soaked 7 days, change water every day 1 time；It is little that seed shines 6-7 after pulling out in the sun
Time, seed starts sowing when splitting shell.
4, sowing earthing: during Semen Juglandis catch cropping short stalk crop, seeding row spacing is 6 × 8 meters, and during not catch cropping, seeding row spacing distance is 4 × 6
Rice；Execute phosphoric acid diamidogen before broadcasting, intensive cultivation, behind level land according to it has been specified that seeding row spacing dig pit, hole is long 65 centimetres, wide 55 lis
Rice, applies fertilizer and diamidogen (10kg:0.2kg), and inserts table soil by deep 50 centimetres.When ground temperature is stablized more than 10 DEG C, in hole
Put into the seed got ready, every bunch planting kind 1, make stitching thread perpendicular to the ground, earthing 5 cm thick, its upper cover mulch film.
5, emerge process: by standardized for mulch film osculum when coming up, seedling mushrooms out the phase, topdresses in conjunction with watering 3 times, strain
Execute 12 grams of carbamide, middle weeding.
6, in Second Year grafting in June seedling, and strain executes the mixed fertilizer 20g (1:2:1) of carbamide diamidogen potash fertilizer once, in 10
Bury soil the end of month to survive the winter.
The seedling cost of the conventional seedbed system transplantation technique that the present embodiment and current Semen Juglandis use is high, transplant after slow Seedling is slow, build
The problems such as garden time length are compared, walnut direct seeding orchard establishment technology nursery stock in original place, not through lifting, transplant, the process such as slow Seedling, root
System does not sustain damage, and therefore the surrival rate of afforestation is high, builds garden fast, and substantially increases overwintering survival rate, sets body neat and consistent,
It is easy to management.Walnut direct seeding orchard establishment low cost by contrast, becomes the garden time short, instant effect.Walnut direct seeding orchard establishment and seedling replanting
The garden of building is compared and is shown in Table 1.The technology of the present invention can greatly shorten builds the garden time, bears fruit ahead of time, reduces and build garden cost.With tradition nursery
Transplantation technique is compared the saving of live building techniques and is built garden cost nearly 50%, and economic benefit is obvious, and 1000 mu of walnut direct seeding orchard establishment become
This accounting is specifically shown in Table 2.
Table 1
Table 2
Claims (1)
1. the live quick walnut garden method building garden, it is characterised in that: utilize the cultivation mode sitting ground anvil grafting Cheng Yuan,
Specifically, it is pachydermia Semen Juglandis or the Semen Caryae Cathayensis planting seed utilizing and makeing stock, manually carries out single according to the seeding row spacing of regulation
The method of row sowing, in Second Year grafting cultivation kind, the 3rd year seeding row spacing on request stays Seedling, live builds garden detailed process such as
Under:
(1) field selects: select on the sunny side, physical features is smooth, soil layer is deep, fertile soil, level of ground water are less than 2.0m, irrigation conditions
Good sand builds garden；Before sowing, in 2-3 week, execute the farm manure become thoroughly decomposed completely, pour water after deep ploughing；
(2) seed collection: growth selection is healthy and strong, late real, thick shell without pest and disease damage grow directly from seeds walnut as seed tree；Autumn 60%
The equal peel of fruit ftractures, and i.e. gathers during fruit full maturity；
(3) seed treatment: broadcast front seed demand soaked 5-7 days, changes water every day 1 time；Seed is exposed to the sun one day after pulling out in the sun,
The seed mouth that splits can be sowed；
(4) sowing earthing: catch cropping sowing seeding row spacing 7m × 8m, sets sowing cave；60cm × 40cm × the 40cm that digs pit inserts organic
Fertile 5kg, phosphate fertilizer 200g, mixing；Table soil is filled to sow the cave 8-10cm degree of depth, puts processed stock Semen Juglandis kind, Semen Juglandis surface
Blinding 3-5cm, stitching thread is perpendicular to the ground, and blinding is also patted, after using first spreading on film dibbling pattern or use point
About 1m is covered after Zhong2Thin film；
(5) stock is emerged management: by standardized for mulch film osculum when coming up, seedling mushrooms out the phase, in conjunction with the 2-4 that topdresses that waters
Secondary, carbamide 10-15g is executed in strain, middle weeding；
(6) stock is survived the winter: rootstock seedling overwhelms and buries soil and survive the winter；
(7) stock Second Year is cultivated:
Water and fertilizer management: mid or late March opens table soil, opens annular groove, ditch at tree body periphery 30-40cm before watering first time water spring
Deep 10-15cm, organic fertilizer 10kg, quick-acting fertilizer 40g, water for after within before grafting 4-5 days, watering once and start at this every 15 days
Once；Water stump before first time water, away from ground 10-30cm cutting back；Sprout tillers can be sprouted after seedling stump, select and remain one the most strong
Strengthen, erase other sprout tillers；Sprout tillers is removed twice, the 10 days time between twice；
(8) grafting: be selected in mid-June；
(9) grafting method: band xylem bud grafting；
Band xylem bud grafting: fringe bar removes petiole, in sprout bottom, the oblique cutter in reverse petiole direction is to fringe bar xylem, at bud
1.5cm reverse sprout direction above body, takes horse ear shape band xylem sprout；It is high away from ground 30-40cm that grafting part is selected in stock
Degree；The smooth place of internode takes 3cm band xylem horse ear shape, blocks horse ear at horse ear shape base portion upwards 3cm, inserts the bud on fringe bar
Body；Phloem alignment compresses；Tighten with plastic sheeting, only expose sprout；Two panels compound leaf, every compound leaf is stayed on the top of grafting mouth
Stay 4 lobules, prevent rising mistake from containing；
(10) seedling rich water quality management after grafting: after grafting 10 days, open at tree body periphery 40cm annular groove Nitrogen Top Dressing, phosphate fertilizer and
Potash fertilizer, each tree 30g；Cut off the water by the end of August；
(11) nursery stock management: treat young sprout 50-70cm pinching, promotes lignifying；
(12) survive the winter: bury soil Wintering Methods, i.e. tree body overwhelms, earthing about 40cm.
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Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104429640A (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2015-03-25 | 苏州市新巷农艺科技园 | Bud grafting cultivation method for walnuts |
| CN104770262A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2015-07-15 | 郭永涛 | Method for planting walnuts in eastern region of Anhui |
| CN104705076A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2015-06-17 | 陈争峰 | Grafting and managing method for walnut stocks at North China |
| CN104982230A (en) * | 2015-06-09 | 2015-10-21 | 汪永全 | Method of grafting and cultivating Dabie Mountain hickory seedling |
| CN105052664B (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2017-10-31 | 管天球 | Method is planted between a kind of oil tea and walnut |
| CN105918053B (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2019-06-04 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | A kind of persimmon rapid-result garden method fastly |
| CN107371994A (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2017-11-24 | 卫治家 | A kind of implantation methods of walnut |
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