CN102301894B - Method for cultivating soap nut trees - Google Patents
Method for cultivating soap nut trees Download PDFInfo
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- CN102301894B CN102301894B CN201110206658A CN201110206658A CN102301894B CN 102301894 B CN102301894 B CN 102301894B CN 201110206658 A CN201110206658 A CN 201110206658A CN 201110206658 A CN201110206658 A CN 201110206658A CN 102301894 B CN102301894 B CN 102301894B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating soap nut trees. The site conditions are as follows: a farmland is adjacent to the land and has better water draining, and the underground water level is less than or equal to 80 centimeters; the soil condition is that the soil is yellow brown soil. The cultivation technology comprises the following steps of: improving soil and applying fertilizer, ditching and preparing soil in autumn and winter of the year before planting nursery-grown plants, and returning mellow soil back to a pit to forest in spring of the next year after frozenly cutting in winter. The initial stand density is as follows: the trees are planted in the last ten days of February and the first ten days of March in each year and the row distance of the trees is 1.5*3 cm; after one year, a seedling is planted between the trees and the row distance of the trees is adjusted to 3*3 m. A process of pruning comprises the following steps of: continuously reforming and pruning the trees in a growing season and keeping the apical growth dominance; adjusting trunks to the height of 1.5-1.8 m through pruning in the following year and culturing skeleton branches at the same time. The insect pest is as follows: long-horned beetle borer pests are mainly prevented and treated. Through utilizing the method provided by the invention, the year increment of the soap nut trees reaches 80-120 cm, the year increment of the diameter reaches 2.2-2.8 cm, and good greening seedlings with the seedling diameter of 8-12 cm can be obtained by utilizing the nursery-grown plants of 5-6 years old.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the cultivation of plants technical field, be specifically related to the cultivation method of knob soapberry.
Background technology
(formal name used at school: Sapindus), Compendium of Materia Medica is called wood and suffers from son soapberry, and Sichuan claims that oil suffers from son, and the bitter tree that suffers from is claimed in Hainan Island, and Taiwan has another name called yellow order, also is called as You Luoshu, washes one's hands really, the soap fruit tree.Soapberry and lichee belong to Sapindaceae together with longan.The wooden stick of processing with the timber that does not have the trouble tree according to legend can be exorcised a demon terrible extremely, and therefore being called does not have trouble.And Latin formal name used at school Sapindus is the abbreviation of soapindicus, and the meaning is " soap of India ", because the pericarp of its that thick meat shape contains saponin,, can be used for cleaning as long as the water rubbing just can produce foam, and be one of the main cleaning agent in ancient times.There are 13 kinds approximately, are distributed in Asia, America and Oceania.The Basin of Huaihe River areas to the south is originated in China.
Soapberry is for fallen leaves or half aiphyllium, up to 25 meters.Branch is carried out, and sprig does not have hair, the most hole skins of close life; The hibernaculum armpit is given birth to, and 2 pairs on scale is arranged outward, and fine, soft fur is arranged slightly, is generally the even numbers winglike compound leaf, alternate; No stipule; Handle is arranged; 8～12 pieces on leaflet, wide lanceolar or ellipse, long 6～15 centimetres, wide 2.5～5 centimetres, the long point of tip, full edge, the wealthy wedge shape of base portion or tiltedly circular, about do not wait, keratin does not have hair, or on the following master pulse microtriche is arranged; Petiolule is extremely short.Panicle, give birth to and adnation on the top; The flower polygamy, little shape, stockless, line shaft and branch are all by khaki fine, soft fur; 5 of calyxs, outer 2 weak points, interior 3 longer, circle or oval; The corolla light green, 5 lobes, avette to ovum shape lanceolar, short pawl is arranged; The floral disc cup-shaped; Male flower has the stamen of 8～10 pieces of prosperities, and is born in the floral disc inboard, and filigree has fine, soft fur, and the medicine back gives birth to; Female flower, ovary is upper, and only grow Room 1 usually; The hermaphrodite flower stamen is little, and filigree has fur.Drupe is spherical, about 15～20 millimeters of footpath, yellow or pale brown look when ripe.Seed is spherical, black, about 12～15 millimeters of footpath.6～July of florescence.The fruit 9～October of phase.
The knob is because the wet condition of water is poor, have freeze injury winter, plant growing is slow, and reasons such as forest anti-adversity difference make in the knob very suffering of plantation soapberry.How to plant soapberry, do not see relevant report in the knob.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides the cultivation method of a kind of knob soapberry, to satisfy the demand of knob plant culture.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is following:
The cultivation method of knob soapberry, specific as follows:
Land occupation condition: select the hilllock to be close to ground, draining farmland preferably, subterranean water level is smaller or equal to 80 centimeters;
Soil condition: yellowish soil;
Culture technique:
(1) fertilising of improving the soil, transplanted seedling tree autumn and winter the previous year, the whole ground of taking to ditch; Through freeze winter cut down after, the spring in next year carries out mellow soil and returns hole afforestation, and table soil is inserted in the ditch half the to ditch, the middle level applies agricultural miscellaneous fertilizers and the cake fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and fertilizer and soil are mixed thoroughly;
(2) initial density in planting: annual late Febuary, resin was planted before beginning to flow to early March, seeding row spacing 1.5m * 3m, and at a distance from the strain thinning, seeding row spacing is adjusted to 3m * 3m after 1 year;
(3) prune: be the critical period of cultivating trunk then after seedling is transplanted, will carry out continuous pruning, weaken the competition branch growth through cutting back in the season of growth; Keep the apical growth advantage; To trunk be adjusted to 1.5～1.8 meters height through pruning, and cultivate skeleton branch simultaneously in 1 year;
(4) pest control: mainly prevent and treat the longicorn trunk borer,,, play malicious pin and prevent and treat in case find that larva is movable in seedling growth period.
Wherein, described yellowish soil quality is light earth or middle earth.
Wherein, in the culture technique (1), the whole ground of described trench digging, its trench digging specification is wide 50～70cm suitable for reading, bottom width 30～40cm, dark 40～50cm; Table soil, the native both sides that split ditch of core, bottom of trench place mat 10～15cm straw.
Wherein, in the culture technique (1), the described spring in next year is that late Febuary in next year is to early March.
Wherein, in the culture technique (1), described agricultural miscellaneous fertilizers is pig manure and/or chicken manure, and the consumption of agricultural miscellaneous fertilizers is 1000～1200 kilograms every mu, and the consumption of the cake fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed is 300 kilograms every mu.
Beneficial effect: The present invention be directed to producing region, soapberry center in south, fast growth, nursery stock is endangered by the disease worm easily; Cause the situation of sapling profile and material difference, will not have suffer from guide to 118 ° 57 '-119 ° 22 in footpath, east ', 31 ° 37 '-32 ° 12 of north latitude ' mountain area, hills, southern Jiangsu, Jiangsu; Pass through amendement; With the management of science culture technique, promote that nursery stock grows fast, cultivate the good greening seedlings of market demand as early as possible.Through the enforcement of introducing and cultivating technology, make soapberry height of tree year increment reach 80-120cm, the growth of diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground year reaches 2.2-2.8cm, and the nursery stock that 5-6 gives birth to can be obtained the good greening seedling of the nursery stock diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 8～12cm.By 800 yuan of calculating of average every strain, every mu 74 strain, the per mu yield value can reach 5.92 ten thousand yuan.
Embodiment
According to following embodiment, can understand the present invention better.Yet, those skilled in the art will readily understand that the described concrete content of embodiment only is used to explain the present invention, and the present invention that should also can not limit in claims to be described in detail.
Embodiment 1:
Calendar year 2001 from Fuyang City, Zhejiang Province China forest-science academy inferior woods introduces 500 kilograms in soapberry seed, take the long-pending vernalization of wet sand bed winter, the spring sowing in next year is planted and is grown seedlings.
Select draining to do the seedbed in the nonirrigated farmland preferably, the wide 1.2m in seedbed, the high 30cm in seedbed uses sufficient base manure, takes bunch planting, seeding row spacing: 20 * 20cm, every cave 2-3 grain kind.Seedling Du Keda 1.2-1.8m then.Can carry out the land for growing field crops spring in next year and transplant, cultivate greening seedling.
Land occupation condition: should select the hilllock to be close to ground, draining farmland preferably, subterranean water level is less than 80 centimeters.
Soil condition: the yellowish soil of light earth of the soil texture or middle earth.
Culture technique:
(1) fertilising of improving the soil, transplanted seedling tree autumn and winter the previous year, the whole ground of taking to ditch, trench digging specification: wide 50-70cm suitable for reading, bottom width 30-40cm, dark 40-50cm.Table soil, the native both sides that split ditch of core, bottom of trench place mat 10-15 centimetre straw.Through freeze winter cut down after, the spring in next year (late Febuary is to early March) carries out mellow soil and returns hole afforestation.To show soil and insert ditch bottom (half of about ditch), the middle level applies agricultural miscellaneous fertilizers (pig manure, chicken manure), every mu of 1000-1200 kilogram, and the cake fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, is mixed fertilizer and soil thoroughly by 300 kilograms every mu.
(2) initial density in planting: annual late Febuary, resin was planted before beginning to flow to early March, seeding row spacing 1.5m * 3m, and at a distance from the strain thinning, seeding row spacing is adjusted to 3m * 3m after 1 year.
(3) prune: be the critical period of cultivating trunk then after seedling is transplanted, will carry out continuous pruning, weaken the competition branch growth through cutting back in the season of growth; Keep the apical growth advantage; To trunk be adjusted to 1.5-1.8 rice height through pruning, and cultivate skeleton branch simultaneously in 1 year.
(4) pest control: mainly prevent and treat the longicorn trunk borer.In seedling growth period, in case find that larva movable (have moth wood chip discharge tree outer) plays malicious pin and prevents and treats.
Take above technical measures, soapberry greening seedling cultivating survival rate can reach 98%, and growth is rapid, and the nursery stock diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground that 5-6 gives birth to can reach 8-12cm, and the height of tree can reach 6-8m, and trunk is perfectly straight, tree-like grace.
Claims (5)
1. the cultivation method of knob soapberry is characterized in that,
Land occupation condition: select the hilllock to be close to ground, draining farmland preferably, subterranean water level is smaller or equal to 80 centimeters;
Soil condition: yellowish soil;
Culture technique:
(1) fertilising of improving the soil, transplanted seedling tree autumn and winter the previous year, the whole ground of taking to ditch; Through freeze winter cut down after, the spring in next year carries out mellow soil and returns hole afforestation, and table soil is inserted in the ditch half the to ditch, the middle level applies agricultural miscellaneous fertilizers and the cake fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and fertilizer and soil are mixed thoroughly;
(2) initial density in planting: annual late Febuary to early March is planted, seeding row spacing 1.5m * 3m, and at a distance from the strain thinning, seeding row spacing is adjusted to 3m * 3m after 1 year;
(3) prune: be the critical period of cultivating trunk then after seedling is transplanted, will carry out continuous pruning, keep the apical growth advantage, will trunk be adjusted to 1.5～1.8 meters height through pruning, and cultivate skeleton branch simultaneously in 1 year in the season of growth;
(4) pest control: mainly prevent and treat the longicorn trunk borer,,, play malicious pin and prevent and treat in case find that larva is movable in seedling growth period.
2. the cultivation method of knob according to claim 1 soapberry is characterized in that, described yellowish soil quality is light earth or middle earth.
3. the cultivation method of knob according to claim 1 soapberry is characterized in that, in the culture technique (1), and the whole ground of described trench digging, its trench digging specification is wide 50～70cm suitable for reading, bottom width 30～40cm, dark 40～50cm; Table soil, the native both sides that split ditch of core, bottom of trench place mat 10～15cm straw.
4. the cultivation method of knob according to claim 1 soapberry is characterized in that, in the culture technique (1), the described spring in next year is that late Febuary in next year is to early March.
5. the cultivation method of knob according to claim 1 soapberry; It is characterized in that in the culture technique (1), described agricultural miscellaneous fertilizers is pig manure/or chicken manure; The consumption of farming miscellaneous fertilizers is 1000～1200 kilograms every mu, and the consumption of the cake fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed is 300 kilograms every mu.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201110206658A CN102301894B (en) | 2011-07-22 | 2011-07-22 | Method for cultivating soap nut trees |
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| CN201110206658A CN102301894B (en) | 2011-07-22 | 2011-07-22 | Method for cultivating soap nut trees |
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| CN102301894A CN102301894A (en) | 2012-01-04 |
| CN102301894B true CN102301894B (en) | 2012-09-26 |
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| CN201110206658A Expired - Fee Related CN102301894B (en) | 2011-07-22 | 2011-07-22 | Method for cultivating soap nut trees |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104663437A (en) * | 2015-02-06 | 2015-06-03 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Cultivation method for regeneration of sapindus mukorossi gaertn. strain |
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| CN102668851B (en) * | 2012-05-29 | 2015-09-23 | 承德市神洲药业开发有限公司 | Linden cultivation method |
| CN103918445A (en) * | 2014-04-16 | 2014-07-16 | 段志贵 | Novel method for culturing sapindus seedlings |
| CN104521574B (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2017-06-27 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | Soapberry high position grafting method |
| CN104429557B (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2017-01-18 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | Soapberry cutting seedling method |
| CN104429558B (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2017-01-11 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | Seed field seedling growing method for sapindus mukorossi gaertn |
| CN104663459A (en) * | 2015-03-22 | 2015-06-03 | 黎有辉 | Tissue culture and rapid propagation method for sspindus mukurossi |
| CN104956863B (en) * | 2015-05-31 | 2017-10-10 | 贵州禾丰苑农林开发有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of low-heat river valley area soapberry |
| CN104823795A (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2015-08-12 | 安顺雄丰药业发展有限公司 | Sapindus mukorossi gaertn planting method |
| CN105917882A (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2016-09-07 | 句容市满园春家庭农场 | Prevention and treatment method for Fulgora pests of soapberry |
| CN105941045A (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2016-09-21 | 合肥公盈园艺科技有限公司 | Hilly region nursery stock plantation method |
| CN108370789A (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2018-08-07 | 湖南永大农林生物科技发展有限公司 | A kind of interplanting method of soapberry |
| CN107750800A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-03-06 | 重庆市山水丰华农业发展有限公司 | A kind of interplanting method of soapberry and sealwort |
| CN108496681A (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2018-09-07 | 普安县龙吟兴民种养殖开发有限公司 | A kind of interplanting method of the bletilla striata and soapberry |
| CN112840932A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-05-28 | 句容市乡土树种研究所 | Soapberry high-yield cultivation method |
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2011
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104663437A (en) * | 2015-02-06 | 2015-06-03 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Cultivation method for regeneration of sapindus mukorossi gaertn. strain |
| CN104663437B (en) * | 2015-02-06 | 2016-06-08 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A kind of breeding method of soapberry strain regeneration |
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Effective date of registration: 20150921 Address after: 212400, Wenzhou, Jurong Economic Development Zone, Jiangsu, Zhenjiang, B4-215 business city, West Ring Road Patentee after: Jiangsu carbon Tong Forestry Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: 212400, Jiangsu City, Zhenjiang province Jurong City Ring Road Forestry Bureau office building Patentee before: Jurong Huayang Greenwood Seedlings Base |
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