CN104429558B - Seed field seedling growing method for sapindus mukorossi gaertn - Google Patents

Seed field seedling growing method for sapindus mukorossi gaertn Download PDF

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CN104429558B
CN104429558B CN201410801142.8A CN201410801142A CN104429558B CN 104429558 B CN104429558 B CN 104429558B CN 201410801142 A CN201410801142 A CN 201410801142A CN 104429558 B CN104429558 B CN 104429558B
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seed
sowing
seedling growing
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water
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CN104429558A (en
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邵文豪
姜景民
董汝湘
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Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry of Chinese Academy of Forestry
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Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry of Chinese Academy of Forestry
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/02—Germinating apparatus; Determining germination capacity of seeds or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a seed field seedling growing method for sapindus mukorossi gaertn, and belongs to the technical field of plant seedling growing. The seed field seedling growing method includes the steps of fruit collecting and storing; seedbed preparing; seed processing; sowing; post-sowing managing. According to the seed field seedling growing method, after mature fruits of the sapindus mukorossi gaertn are collected, the water content of pulp of the fruits is reduced, the fruits are dried and stored in a ventilation mode, seeds are obtained in a peeled mode before sowing is carried out and sequentially soaked with water and a spermidine solution, then sowing is carried out in a field where decoction-dreg contained decomposed manure is applied, multiple complex technical links for seed bud forcing treatment are avoided, after the seeds are sown, the sprouting speed is high, grown seedlings are orderly, plant root systems are well developed, and the grown seedlings are robust. The fruits stored with the technology are easily peeled mechanically, the seed peeling efficiency is improved, the peeled pulp can be directly used for production and processing such as saponin extracting, and the use value of the fruits of the sapindus mukorossi gaertn is increased. The seed field seedling growing method is of great significance in improving the production efficiency and saving cost when large-scale field seedling growing of the sapindus mukorossi gaertn is carried out.

Description

Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi seed field seedling raising method
Technical field
The invention belongs to botanical seedling culturing technical field, be specifically related to Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi seed field seedling raising method.
Background technology
Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi (Sapindus mukorossiGaertn.) it is Sapindaceae Sapindus deciduous tree seeds, it is distributed mainly on Basin of Huaihe River areas to the south of China, growth is fast, solid morning, resistance, weather, soil environment are required wide in range, is common ecological afforestation and autumn scenery view seeds, is recommended as one of ten llanura green tree species by the Zhejiang Forestry Room；Its kernel oil content reaches 42%, and peel saponin content reaches 10.8%, is again the important biomass energy of China and biocleaner raw tree species.Culture utilization for specification Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi raw material forest is movable, improves culture utilization level, it is achieved sustainable cultivation operation, the State Administration of Forestry prints and distributes " Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi raw material forest sustainable cultivation guide " with Lin Zaofa (2012) 129.
For meeting the Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi industry development demand to seedling, carry out seed seedling-raising technical research the most crucial.At present; existing on a small quantity about the relevant report of Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi seed seedling-raising technology; the germination accelerating methods such as many employings wet sand bed long-pending, soak with sulphuric acid, laser micro-hurt carry out seed treatment; sport technique segment is complicated; utilization and extention it is difficult in the breeding of scale land for growing field crops; and majority be directly soaked in water after picking fruit, macerate rotten, wash by rubbing with the hands, not only time and effort consuming, and for being also a kind of waste greatly rich in the sarcocarp of saponin effective ingredient.Therefore, select seed seedling-raising method easy, reasonable, effective, the economic worth of Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi fruit can not only be made to be fully utilized, and cost-effective significant for scale field seedling raising.
Summary of the invention
The problem existed for prior art, it is an object of the invention to design provides the technical scheme of Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi seed field seedling raising method.
The present invention is achieved by techniques below scheme:
Described Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi seed field seedling raising method, including 1) fruit collection and storage；2) seedbed prepares；3) seed treatment；4) sowing；5) managing after sowing, it is characterized in that described seedbed prepares to specifically include: selection loosing soil is fertile, nursery is made in the convenient field of irrigation and drainage, remove weeds, execute the decomposed manure of pastille slag amount 10-20%, every mu of usage amount 2000-4000kg, then carry out turning over, smooth, building high 20-35cm, the seedbed of wide 90-120cm, and dig gutter, passageway, 10% gyphosate solution is the most uniformly sprayed 1 time in seedbed, every mu uses 0.5kg, is watered 30-50kg dilution；Before described seed treatment specifically includes sowing in spring in next year, take out the fruit of storage, seed is stripped out and carries out wet concentration, removing the fullest or damaged by vermin seed, the seed chosen first is soaked in water 5-10d, and period often stirs and changes water 1 time every 2-3d, afterwards by spermidine solution soaking 1-3d that concentration is 0.5mmol/L, soaked seed first cleans with water, then carries out disinfection with the potassium permanganate solution that concentration is 0.5%, waits to broadcast.
Described Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi seed field seedling raising method, it is characterized in that described fruit collection specifically includes with storage: picking fruit is placed in electric drying oven with forced convection, temperature arranges 25-35 DEG C, sarcocarp water content is made to be down to 5-10%, after sarcocarp separates with seed, taking-up is sub-packed in mesh bag, is stored in the storehouse of aeration-drying, and room temperature is not higher than 30 DEG C.
Described Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi seed field seedling raising method, it is characterised in that described seedbed prepares Chinese medicine slag and is mixed to get by weight 1-5:2-3:2-4:1-5:2-3 by Radix Linderae medicinal residues, Rhizoma Polygonati medicinal residues, medlar residue, Folium Mori medicinal residues and liquorice dregs.
Described Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi seed field seedling raising method, it is characterised in that described sowing specifically includes ditches by line-spacing 15-25cm, deep 8-12cm, the seed soaking, sterilizing being carried out uniform program request, broadcasts 1-3 grain seed with every 10cm ditch length and be advisable, surface covers 3-5cm thickness fine earth, compacting, waters permeable.
Described Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi seed field seedling raising method, it is characterised in that described managing after sowing specifically includes the front field that comes up should keep humidity, to loosen the soil after being unearthed in time, artificial weeding, after seedling all sprouts, strengthens water and fertilizer management, attention control aphid and Anoplophorae seu Aprionae harm, it is ensured that seedling normal growth.
Above-mentioned Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi seed field seedling raising technology, reasonable in design, after gathering Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi mature fruit, its sarcocarp water content is made to reduce, aeration-drying is preserved, before sowing seed stripped out and priority water and spermidine solution soaking, eliminates the multiple complicated sport technique segment that presprouting of seeds processes, germinate after the planting seed soaked fast, emerge together；Executing the decomposed manure containing medicinal residues in nursery, it is possible to improve edaphic condition, promote that seedling root is grown, plant strain growth is healthy and strong, and is effectively reduced the subterranean pest-insect harm to nursery stock.In addition, fruit after storage, sarcocarp separates with seed, it is prone to mechanical exfoliation, improve stripping kind efficiency, the sarcocarp separated can be directly used for extracting the production and processing such as saponin, it is to avoid use when conventional fruit processes macerate rotten, wash the waste to sarcocarp raw material such as method by rubbing with the hands, make the economic worth of Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi fruit be fully utilized；Medicinal residues composition in decomposed manure, Radix Linderae medicinal residues, Rhizoma Polygonati medicinal residues, medlar residue, Folium Mori medicinal residues and liquorice dregs is used to be mixed in proportion and make, substantially increase the utilization rate of discarded medicinal residues, promote Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi growth, decrease accumulation, landfill etc. and process pollution on the environment.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
Mid-October, the Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi plant collecting fruit that growth selection is healthy and strong.Picking fruit is placed in electric drying oven with forced convection, and temperature arranges 35 DEG C, makes sarcocarp water content be down to 8%, after sarcocarp separates with seed, takes out and is sub-packed in mesh bag, be stored in the storehouse of aeration-drying, and room temperature is maintained at 20 DEG C.Spring in next year, selection loosing soil is fertile, nursery is made in the convenient field of irrigation and drainage, remove weeds, every mu of its Chinese medicine slag of decomposed manure 3000kg(executing pastille slag amount 15% is mixed to get by weight 3:2:3:4:1 by by Radix Linderae medicinal residues, Rhizoma Polygonati medicinal residues, medlar residue, Folium Mori medicinal residues and liquorice dregs), then carry out turning over, smooth, build high 25cm, the seedbed of wide 100cm, and dig gutter, passageway.Before sowing in spring in next year, take out the fruit of storage, seed is stripped out and carries out wet concentration, remove the fullest or damaged by vermin seed, the seed chosen first is soaked in water 7d, and period often stirs and changes water 1 time every 2d, after by spermidine solution soaking 2d that concentration is 0.5mmol/L.Soaked seed first cleans with water, then carries out disinfection with the potassium permanganate solution that concentration is 0.5%, takes nursery to for broadcasting.Seedbed uniformly being sprayed 10% gyphosate solution 1 time before Bo Zhong, every mu uses 0.5kg, is watered 40kg dilution.Ditch by line-spacing 20cm, deep 10cm, by soaking, the uniform program request of seed sterilized in ditch, every 10cm ditch length broadcasts 2 seeds, and surface covers 4cm thickness fine earth, compacting, waters permeable.Planting seed 15-20d hinterland supervention bud, comes up after 30-40d substantially neat, and emergence rate reaches 95%.Loosening the soil in time after coming up, and carry out artificial weeding, the later stage strengthens water and fertilizer management, it is ensured that seedling normal growth.
Embodiment 2:
Mid-October, the Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi plant collecting fruit that growth selection is healthy and strong.Picking fruit is placed in electric drying oven with forced convection, and temperature arranges 30 DEG C, makes sarcocarp water content be down to 5%, after sarcocarp separates with seed, takes out and is sub-packed in mesh bag, be stored in the storehouse of aeration-drying, and room temperature is maintained at 25 DEG C.Spring in next year, selection loosing soil is fertile, nursery is made in the convenient field of irrigation and drainage, remove weeds, every mu of its Chinese medicine slag of decomposed manure 2000kg(executing pastille slag amount 15% is mixed to get by weight 1:2:2:1:2 by by Radix Linderae medicinal residues, Rhizoma Polygonati medicinal residues, medlar residue, Folium Mori medicinal residues and liquorice dregs), then carry out turning over, smooth, build high 20cm, the seedbed of wide 90cm, and dig gutter, passageway.Before sowing in spring in next year, take out the fruit of storage, seed is stripped out and carries out wet concentration, remove the fullest or damaged by vermin seed, the seed chosen first is soaked in water 5d, and period often stirs and changes water 1 time every 3d, after by spermidine solution soaking 3d that concentration is 0.5mmol/L.Soaked seed first cleans with water, then carries out disinfection with the potassium permanganate solution that concentration is 0.5%, takes nursery to for broadcasting.Seedbed uniformly being sprayed 10% gyphosate solution 1 time before Bo Zhong, every mu uses 0.5kg, is watered 30kg dilution.Ditch by line-spacing 15cm, deep 8cm, by soaking, the uniform program request of seed sterilized in ditch, every 10cm ditch length broadcasts 1 seed, and surface covers 4cm thickness fine earth, compacting, waters permeable.Planting seed 15-20d hinterland supervention bud, comes up after 30-40d substantially neat, and emergence rate reaches 92%.Loosening the soil in time after coming up, and carry out artificial weeding, the later stage strengthens water and fertilizer management, it is ensured that seedling normal growth.
Embodiment 3:
Mid-October, the Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi plant collecting fruit that growth selection is healthy and strong.Picking fruit is placed in electric drying oven with forced convection, and temperature arranges 25 DEG C, makes sarcocarp water content be down to 10%, after sarcocarp separates with seed, takes out and is sub-packed in mesh bag, be stored in the storehouse of aeration-drying, and room temperature is maintained at 25 DEG C.Spring in next year, selection loosing soil is fertile, nursery is made in the convenient field of irrigation and drainage, remove weeds, every mu of its Chinese medicine slag of decomposed manure 4000kg(executing pastille slag amount 15% is mixed to get by weight 5:3:4:5:3 by by Radix Linderae medicinal residues, Rhizoma Polygonati medicinal residues, medlar residue, Folium Mori medicinal residues and liquorice dregs), then carry out turning over, smooth, build high 35cm, the seedbed of wide 120cm, and dig gutter, passageway.Before sowing in spring in next year, take out the fruit of storage, seed is stripped out and carries out wet concentration, remove the fullest or damaged by vermin seed, the seed chosen first is soaked in water 10d, and period often stirs and changes water 1 time every 3d, after by spermidine solution soaking 1d that concentration is 0.5mmol/L.Soaked seed first cleans with water, then carries out disinfection with the potassium permanganate solution that concentration is 0.5%, takes nursery to for broadcasting.Seedbed uniformly being sprayed 10% gyphosate solution 1 time before Bo Zhong, every mu uses 0.5kg, is watered 50kg dilution.Ditch by line-spacing 25cm, deep 12cm, by soaking, the uniform program request of seed sterilized in ditch, every 10cm ditch length broadcasts 3 seeds, and surface covers 5cm thickness fine earth, compacting, waters permeable.Planting seed 15-20d hinterland supervention bud, comes up after 30-40d substantially neat, and emergence rate reaches 94%.Loosening the soil in time after coming up, and carry out artificial weeding, the later stage strengthens water and fertilizer management, it is ensured that seedling normal growth.
Comparative example 1:
Mid-October, the Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi plant collecting fruit that growth selection is healthy and strong.Picking fruit is placed in electric drying oven with forced convection, and temperature arranges 35 DEG C, makes sarcocarp water content be down to 8%, after sarcocarp separates with seed, takes out and is sub-packed in mesh bag, be stored in the storehouse of aeration-drying, and room temperature is maintained at 20 DEG C.In the spring in next year, select that loosing soil is fertile, nursery is made in the convenient field of irrigation and drainage, remove weeds, execute decomposed manure 3000kg for every mu, then carry out turning over, smooth, build high 25cm, the seedbed of wide 100cm, and dig gutter, passageway.Before sowing in spring in next year, taking out the fruit of storage, stripped out by seed and carry out wet concentration, remove the fullest or damaged by vermin seed, the seed chosen is soaked in water after 8d, carries out disinfection with the potassium permanganate solution that concentration is 0.5%, takes nursery to for broadcasting.Seedbed uniformly being sprayed 10% gyphosate solution 1 time before Bo Zhong, every mu uses 0.5kg, is watered 40kg dilution.Ditch by line-spacing 20cm, deep 10cm, by soaking, the uniform program request of seed sterilized in ditch, every 10cm ditch length broadcasts 2 seeds, and surface covers 4cm thickness fine earth, compacting, waters permeable.Planting seed 20-30d hinterland supervention bud, comes up after 40-50d substantially neat, and emergence rate reaches 82%.Loosening the soil in time after coming up, and carry out artificial weeding, the later stage strengthens water and fertilizer management, it is ensured that seedling normal growth.

Claims (4)

1. Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi seed field seedling raising method, including 1) fruit collection and storage；2) seedbed prepares；3) seed treatment；4) sowing；5) managing after sowing, it is characterized in that described seedbed prepares to specifically include: select loosing soil fertile, Zuo Miao garden, irrigation and drainage convenient field, remove weeds, execute the decomposed manure of pastille slag amount 10-20%, every mu of usage amount 2000-4000kg, then turn over, smooth, build high 20-35cm, the Seedling bed of wide 90-120cm, and dig gutter, passageway, 10% gyphosate solution is the most uniformly sprayed 1 time in seedbed, every mu uses 0.5kg, it is watered 30-50kg dilution, described medicinal residues are by Radix Linderae medicinal residues, Rhizoma Polygonati medicinal residues, medlar residue, Folium Mori medicinal residues and liquorice dregs are mixed to get by weight 1-5:2-3:2-4:1-5:2-3；Before described seed treatment specifically includes sowing in spring in next year, take out the fruit of storage, seed is stripped out and carries out wet concentration, removing the fullest or damaged by vermin seed, the seed chosen first is soaked in water 5-10d, and period often stirs and changes water 1 time every 2-3d, afterwards by spermidine solution soaking 1-3d that concentration is 0.5mmol/L, soaked seed first cleans with water, then carries out disinfection with the potassium permanganate solution that concentration is 0.5%, waits to broadcast.
2. Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi seed field seedling raising method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described fruit collection specifically includes with storage: picking fruit is placed in electric drying oven with forced convection, temperature arranges 25-35 DEG C, sarcocarp water content is made to be down to 5-10%, after sarcocarp separates with seed, taking-up is sub-packed in mesh bag, is stored in the storehouse of aeration-drying, and room temperature is not higher than 30 DEG C.
3. Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi seed field seedling raising method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described sowing specifically includes to ditch by line-spacing 15-25cm, deep 8-12cm, the seed soaking, sterilizing is carried out uniform program request, broadcast 1-3 grain seed with every 10cm ditch length to be advisable, surface covers 3-5cm thickness fine earth, compacting, waters permeable.
4. Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi seed field seedling raising method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described managing after sowing specifically includes the front field that comes up and should keep humidity, to loosen the soil in time after Chu Tuing, artificial weeding, after seedling all sprouts, strengthen water and fertilizer management, attention control aphid and Anoplophorae seu Aprionae harm, it is ensured that seedling normal growth.
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CN104823795A (en) * 2015-06-01 2015-08-12 安顺雄丰药业发展有限公司 Sapindus mukorossi gaertn planting method
CN105210701A (en) * 2015-10-28 2016-01-06 上海交通大学 The method at Chinese narcissus florescence is regulated with Spd
CN105475271B (en) * 2015-12-28 2018-07-31 广西壮族自治区药用植物园 A kind of method of artemisia annua seed long-term preservation
CN107258146A (en) * 2017-08-01 2017-10-20 合肥满地金农业科技有限公司 A kind of soapberry seed storage method of high germination rate
CN107980270A (en) * 2017-10-25 2018-05-04 巢湖市年晟农业生态有限公司 A kind of method for treating seeds for shortening soapberry seedling-growing time
CN108293999B (en) * 2018-01-30 2020-12-18 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 Method for improving fruity fruiting of sapindus mukorossi by using exogenous substances
CN110663429A (en) * 2019-08-12 2020-01-10 佛山市欧若拉生物科技有限公司 Seedling raising method for soapberry

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CN100521911C (en) * 2005-12-16 2009-08-05 上海市金山区园林管理署 Halogenic soil planting technique
CN102301894B (en) * 2011-07-22 2012-09-26 句容市华阳镇绿林苗木基地 Method for cultivating soap nut trees
CN102742485A (en) * 2012-05-09 2012-10-24 华东师范大学 Method for building near-natural forest for subtropical city
CN103918445A (en) * 2014-04-16 2014-07-16 段志贵 Novel method for culturing sapindus seedlings

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