CN100521911C - Halogenic soil planting technique - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for covering salinized soil with greenery includes such steps as correctly measuring the content of salt in the soil and its pH value, choosing the proper plants from 139 plants, and planting them is said salinized soil.

Description

The Halogenic soil planting method

Technical field

The present invention relates to greening technique, relate to Halogenic soil planting technique on seashore particularly, relate more specifically to a kind of suitable plantation of determining in the method for the salt-tolerant plant of saline soil.

Background technology

There is very long coastline in China, and a large amount of beach salty soils is arranged along the coastline.For example, Shanghai City from Wusong mouth to Hangzhou Wan continent water front and Chongming, there is the coastline that is about 470 kilometers in Changxing, horizontal husky three islands.Along the coastline is wide, the narrow ribbon that does not wait, the beach salty soil that the gross area that distributing is about 630 square kilometres accounts for more than 15% of whole city's soil resource, and rises and enclose and cultivate along with the silt of coastal beach, and this part soil resource is also in continuous expansion.Shanghai City is the ground of " an inch of land is an inch of gold ", and the soil that can be used for afforesting is extremely limited, makes full use of the beach salty soil that is unsuitable for cultivating and comes planting greening imperative.

Yet beach salty soil is the obstacle that planting greening can't be gone beyond based on the abominable soil physico-chemical property of high level of water soluble salt.

Therefore, in order to realize the greening of saline soil effectively, this area presses for the correlation technique of exploitation beach salty soil greening.

Summary of the invention

Purpose of the present invention just provides a kind of method that is applicable to the beach salty soil greening.

In the present invention, provide a kind of suitable plantation in the method for the salt-tolerant plant of saline soil of determining, it comprises step:

(A) measure pH in soil, use ms cm ^-1The EC value of expression and the salt content of representing with g/kg, thereby the salt marsh degree of definite soil;

Wherein, when the pH value be 9.0 ± 0.14 and the EC value be 5.0 ± 0.15 and salt content when being 12.1 ± 0.02, soil salt marsh degree is decided to be 1 grade;

When the pH value be 8.5 ± 0.26 and the EC value be 4.5 ± 0.35 and salt content when being 9.6 ± 0.05, soil salt marsh degree is decided to be 2 grades;

When the pH value be 8.1 ± 0.15 and the EC value be 4.0 ± 0.15 and salt content when being 6.3 ± 0.06, soil salt marsh degree is decided to be 3 grades;

When the pH value be 7.9 ± 0.15 and the EC value be 3.5 ± 0.13 and salt content when being 5.2 ± 0.08, soil salt marsh degree is decided to be 4 grades;

When the pH value be 8.2 ± 0.23 and the EC value be 3.0 ± 0.33 and salt content when being 4.2 ± 0.16, soil salt marsh degree is decided to be 5 grades;

When the pH value be 8.5 ± 0.25 and the EC value be 2.5 ± 0.17 and salt content when being 3.2 ± 0.12, soil salt marsh degree is decided to be 6 grades;

When the pH value be 8.2 ± 0.17 and the EC value be 2.0 ± 0.37 and salt content when being 2.5 ± 0.45, soil salt marsh degree is decided to be 7 grades;

When the pH value be 8.0 ± 0.09 and the EC value be 1.8 ± 0.21 and salt content when being 1.8 ± 0.25, soil salt marsh degree is decided to be 8 grades;

When the pH value be 8.0 ± 0.31 and the EC value be 1.5 ± 0.15 and salt content when being 1.5 ± 0.19, soil salt marsh degree is decided to be 9 grades;

When the pH value be 8.5 ± 0.52 and the EC value be 1.3 ± 0.28 and salt content when being 1.2 ± 0.18, soil salt marsh degree is decided to be 10 grades;

When the pH value be 7.8 ± 0.2 and the EC value be 1.2 ± 0.1 and salt content when being 1.0+0.1, soil salt marsh degree is decided to be 11 grades;

(B), select to plant salt-tolerant plant in above-mentioned saline soil according to the soil salt marsh degree of determining in the step (A).

In another preference, in step (B), select salt-tolerant plant by following formula:

Y≥P

In the formula,

Y is the soil salt marsh degree rank of determining in the step (A);

P is the salt tolerant rank of salt-tolerant plant;

Wherein, described salt-tolerant plant is selected from down group:

1 grade of salt-tolerant plant: saline land Chinese tamarisk, bristle Chinese tamarisk;

2 grades of salt-tolerant plants: long fringe Chinese tamarisk, Tamarix ramosissima;

3 grades of salt-tolerant plants: Gansu Chinese tamarisk, Chinese Chinese tamarisk;

4 grades of salt-tolerant plants: " hunting dog No. 5 " in Bermuda, Bermuda grass, the Festuca Arundinacea etc., moundlily;

5 grades of salt-tolerant plants: shrubby flase indigo, mulberry tree, fig, Chinese small iris, sweet-scented oleander, locust tree, cured, Chinese tallow tree, Chinese scholar tree, sesbania, Korea lawn grass, Chinese iris, Chinese honey locust, deer horn cypress, clover, sweet clover, thermopsis fabaceae in vain;

6 grades of salt-tolerant plants: Herba Euonymi Bungeani, toothed oak wood, cypress, another name for Sichuan Province juniper, blackberry lily, hollyhock, wet-land pine tree, China tree, palm, silk tree, pittosporum tobira, paper mulberry, Chinese toon, tree-of-heaven, winter jujube, the rose of Sharon, the U.S. Malus spectabilis of pearl, American elm, Chinese elm, birch-leaf pear, glossy privet, gardenia, pomegranate, weigela florida, fiery sour jujube, the beach rose of Sharon, jujube, sweet viburnum, cassia corymbosa, Chinese sumac;

7 grades of salt-tolerant plants: Chinese ash, soapberry, melia toosendan, 108 poplars, meaning poplar, fragrant, the Chinese cryptomeria of Yunnan Huang, swamp cypress, Jia Nalie nipa palm, paulownia, the Double Ninth Festival wood, cotton rose, bedleaf cherry plum, 172 willows, spun gold willow, beech tree, Chinese photinia, Chinese wistaria, thorny elaeagnus, window-box oxalis, iris, the tuber of dwarf lilyturf, spend clover, cloth enlightening coconut, vinca, flowering plum, wintercreeper euonymus, shrub lespedeza, dry land willow, weeping willow, dragon's paw willow, Salix gracilistyla in vain;

8 grades of salt-tolerant plants: alder, crape myrtle, little Chinese rose, arbor-vitae, arrow-leaved oleaster, torch lacquer, Rosa roxburghii, cercis, Radix Hyperici Monogyni (Herba Hyperici Monogyni), ginkgo, Ligustrum quihoui, winged euonymus, Acacia, white popinac, pears, peach, thin, the podocarpus of urinating, matrimony vine, butterfly Chinese scholartree;

9 grades of salt-tolerant plants: spindle tree, melon seeds Chinese littleleaf box, mosquito mother, fragrant camphor tree, trident maple, food in one's mouth chicken bamboo, dewdrop grass, Chi Shan, green onion orchid, yellow camphor tree, monkey camphor tree, Neolitsea sericea, sweetgum, Luan Shu (Mount Huang goldenrain tree), camplotheca acuminata;

10 grades of salt-tolerant plants: metasequoia, tangerine tree, black walnut, mountain waste of flax, hall crabapple flower, Chinese flowering apple, the bark of eucommia, hair strain, citrus unshiu Marcovitch, the firm bamboo of Calusena lansium, the bamboo of showing filal obedience;

11 grades of salt-tolerant plants: strongly fragrant Lee, loquat, meadow sweet, trifoliate orange.

In another preference, when soil salt marsh degree more than or equal to 7 the time, select gardenia.

In another preference, in step (B), select the plant of following section or genus: the suspend Tamarix; Moraceae; The Sophora of pulse family, robinia, shrubby flase indigo genus, Cassia, albizzia, Leucaen; Salicaceae Populus or Salix; The white cured genus of Oleaceae, Ligustrum; Euphorbiaceae, Ulmaceae, Meliaceae, Cupressaceae, Celastraceae; Rose family pear; Or Rubiaceae.

In another preference, in step (B), select 1 grade of salt-tolerant plant: saline land Chinese tamarisk, bristle Chinese tamarisk; 2 grades of salt-tolerant plants: long fringe Chinese tamarisk, Tamarix ramosissima; Or 3 grades of salt-tolerant plants: Gansu Chinese tamarisk, Chinese Chinese tamarisk.

In another preference, in step (B), select the strong following plant of drought-enduring power: Chinese tamarisk, willow, pomegranate, Chinese small iris or Bermuda grass.

In another preference, in step (B), select water-fast wet following plant: Chinese tallow tree, shrubby flase indigo, purple willow, weeping willow or Korea lawn grass.

In another preference, the following plant of in step (B), selecting Chinese People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political College's gas to pollute: sweet-scented oleander, moundlily or fiery sour jujube.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 has shown the saline soil situation before the virescence rebuild.

Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 have shown the greening situation on the virescence rebuild former saline soil afterwards.

Fig. 4 A has shown the french drain system schematic.

Fig. 4 B has shown the weeper drain floor map.

Fig. 5 has shown plant pit isolation, soil moved in to improve the original, basal dressing and the native schematic diagram of planting.

Fig. 6 has shown the soil plantation situation of screening salt-tolerant plant.

Fig. 7 has shown the influence of pioneer tree species to soil salt content.

Fig. 8 has shown that pioneer tree species is to Influences on Wind Velocity.

Embodiment

The inventor is extensive studies through going deep into, beach salty soil and " gardens plant soil property amount standard " are contrasted, and in conjunction with different type of salinized soil, greening method has targetedly been proposed, thereby at first realized the effective greening on beach salty soil, and effectively improved the soil property of saline soil.Finished the present invention on this basis.

In addition, the inventor has also set up and has selected the scientific method of salt tolerant seeds, thereby can select the salt-tolerant plant that is applicable to different saline soil effectively, and then realizes Halogenic soil planting apace.(1) comparison in beach salty soil soil property and Shanghai City " gardens plant soil property amount standard "

Table 1

By table 1 comparative result, can draw: planting greening after the beach salty soil greening must be improved the soil earlier as drawing a conclusion.

At different saline soil, take certain measure to improve the soil earlier, make the quality of saline soil reach certain standard, i.e. water soluble salt content (%)≤0.1%, pH value≤8.0 (as 7.5-8.0) simultaneously, and then carry out planting greening.

In the measure of the soil quality that improves saline soil, preferred measure comprises and is selected from down group:

(a) strengthen draining

Water salt laws of motion are in the soil: " salt comes with water, and salt goes with water.Salt is with waterborne, and salt is with under water." the big polyphyly of salinity in the saline soil comes with the seawater dipping, with the capillary water rising on.The key link of improving the soil to hold on to exactly " coming " and " going ", " on " with this principal contradiction of D score to the motion of water salt, adopt various measures and impel the salinity in the soil to go, with gravitational water descends with draining.

(a1) the large tracts of land greenery patches digs trenches to drain the water away.

Usually, in zone, large-area greenery patches (as the shelter forest zone), can be by 3.5～4 meters intervals, high furrow (or title " plateau "), 30～40 centimetres of draining ditch depths are made with the high ground of ditch earth culture in the ditch that begins to rehearse.The drain ditch imports the draining branch canal (dark 40～60 centimetres) of capwise, and branch canal flows into the trunk canal.This can obviously reduce soil salt concentration.

(a2) disperse greenery patches, pipe drainage.

Greenery patches in factory district and residential area can not dig trenches to drain the water away, and just lays inspection shaft inlet " eggplant jasmine " and drainage pipeline, near sewer draining.

(a3) street green area, natural drainage.

Street green area generally exceeds about 20 centimetres than the road surface, and the edge encloses with kerbstone, prevents direct runoff, promotes vertical row's (oozing) water.

(b), should level land for rugged saline soil

Rugged saline soil, existing higher Sha Gang, Gao Kan spread all over again and shine salt pond, bittern well usually, and be rugged, is uneven the eminence accumulation of salt in the surface soil, hollow place ponding.For this rugged saline soil, should level land, make it to become a slice level land, create conditions for improving the soil.

(c) plant the rice desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching

For low-lying saline soil, if condition is suitable, can opens up with regard to physical features and be a slice rice field, rice is planted in the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching that discharges water earlier then.In paddy growth season, constantly irrigate with fresh water, discharge water again salinity is taken away.

(d) plant green manure

Plantation salt tolerant green manure plant helps to improve soil property on saline soil.The inventor indicates through overtesting, and preferred salt-tolerant plant comprises sesbania, alfalfa.Yet, for most of salt-tolerant plants, still be difficult to growth on the heavily salted soil.For example in the prior art, sesbania is normally in the sowing in spring, but sesbania does not often emerge or at the dead seedling of cotyledon period.The inventor changes spring sowing into summer sowing first---and unbroken in south of the River June " plum rains ", ooze the phase under the surface soil salinity, the drilling sesbania is broadcast bar ground cover straw.Sesbania has all grown in the solonchak of soil salt content 0.44～0.57% like this.To the sesbania pod phase, when straw begins fibrillatable, cut and turn over pressure on the spot, thereby improved the soil property of solonchak extremely effectively.

(e) soil moved in to improve the original

Greenery patches in plant produced district, road both sides and residential area all is difficult to adopt above-mentioned ameliorative measure, just adopts the soil moved in to improve the original method: dig up 〉=40 centimetres of solonchak backfill 〉=60 centimetre farmland soil; Megaphanerophytes such as street tree are changed farmland soil by 1 * 1 * 1 cubic metre of plant pit.

(f) cover.

For lasting performance covers the accumulation of salt in the surface soil effect that prevents, should adopt " live plant cladding process ", promptly staying weeds on the vacant lots such as (trees leading thread place will vacate a circle to prevent to eat into bar insect " longicorn " harm) and street tree soil zone around the plant pit, only cut and do not uproot, or to plant the effect that reinforcements such as salt tolerant lawn Bermuda grass cover.Inventor's result of the test shows, the obviously salinization of uncovered plant pit soil moved in to improve the original, and have horizontal salinity to infiltrate.The soil moved in to improve the original that has weeds to cover does not have the tangible accumulation of salt in the surface soil and does not also have and laterally ooze salt.Because weeds are detained rainwater, become gravitational water to descend after making rainwater infiltrate soil, promoted salt with under water, salt goes with water.So, cover and not only to suppress the capillarity accumulation of salt in the surface soil that avoids evaporating, and can promote the vertical drainage desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, thereby make the salinity in the solonchak be able to obvious leaching loss.

(g) separation layer is set.

When the street tree soil moved in to improve the original, be the anti-accumulation of salt in the surface soil, taked to do separation layer, both can cut off underground capillary water and rise, help rainwater infiltration again at 20 centimetres of cinders of soil moved in to improve the original bottom pad or 30～40 centimetres of house refuses (organic compost).Result of the test of the present invention shows that the cinder separation layer prevents that the effect of the accumulation of salt in the surface soil is best, and house refuse energy fertilizing soil helps arboreal growth.In addition, the buffer action of stone is very good.

In addition, the biochemical sludge of also available house refuse, straw, sesbania straw, fertilizer and Sewage Plant is done separation layer, and from trees flowers and plants growing state, effect is all good.But this buffer action only can be kept 2-4.

(h) plough deeply landfill plant straw and wood chip

The inventor's test also shows, materials such as wood powder, " wood flower ", dried broad bean straw, straw are ploughed deeply landfill, can effectively improve solonchak, and the optimum depth of digging is 40 ± 10 centimetres.

(i) fertilizing soil.

Except that kind of a green manure, bury the house refuse, also can gather materials on the spot and use the biochemical sludge of sewage treatment plant in a large number.Contain a large amount of organic matters and plant nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus in the mud, see Table 6.Also contain some colloidal substances in the liquid sludge, grogs is had cementation, easily form the water stability soil aggregate, chronic administration mud has not only increased the soil organic matter, and can improve the replacement performance of soil, thereby weaken the harm of soil salt to plant.After executing mud, the trees flowers and plants are riotous growth all, has also strengthened the saline-alkaline tolerance of plant itself.Simultaneously, the application of organic fertilizers fertilizing soil can also prevent to alkalize in the desalination processes.

(j) select the salt tolerant seeds for use.

The test initial stage had once been introduced a fine variety high-ranking official poplar, black cottonwood, the living poplars of anti-salt speed such as little U.S. 12 to the Tianjin saline soil area, but performed poor at semi-tropical saline soil.The saline soil that may be Efficiency in Buildings in Tianjin Area on the one hand is main different with the sodium chloride solonchak of this area with sulphate; Habitat relatively drier, that feel nice and cool, Tianjin is different with the damp and hot habitat in Shanghai on the other hand.Through overtesting, the inventor has confirmed that the salt tolerant seeds that are applicable to the subtropical zone saline soil mainly contain following kind: see Table 10.

A kind of special effective choice mode is to measure pH value, EC value and the salt content of planting site earlier, selects suitable salt-tolerant plant according to table 10 then.

(k) dense planting.

The garden plants layout requires reasonable organization, yet the inventor's test shows that the solonchak area should closely be avoided thin.Take Qiao, filling, grass, flower, " ground cover plant " organic assembling, both in picturesque disorder, increase area coverage (dense planting refers to that the coverage rate of each plant species is 85～90% usually) again, to give full play to the benefit of improving the soil of planting greening.Facts have proved: as long as the seeds collocation rationally, aspect changes clearly demarcated, is methodically arranged, and dense planting is attractive in appearance too, meets the landscape architecture requirement equally.

(l) reasonably foster measure.

The fostering to manage and protect of solonchak area greening also must be followed the water salt characteristics of motion, and summary is got up, and mainly is: rationally irrigate, and effectively draining, duty is loosened the soil, and executes function more, and the winter turns over and freezes upturned soil.So-called rationally the irrigation is exactly not adopt furrow irrigation and big water logging to irritate, and should water or spray, and the water yield is to irrigate degree of being.Irrigation time preferably is placed at dusk, water at night during midsummer, the next morning the cut-out capillary water that loosens the soil.

It is in the local area virescence maintenance quality standard important one that winter turns over, and before the annual frozen soil, ploughs comprehensively, and the lump of earth as the huge squama is through alternate freezing and thawing, has not only drenched salt but also vegetable soil, respond well.

(m) Gu Tan is short becomes silted up, and improve the soil early stage.

This is the ameliorative measure before reclaiming fields from the sea.Usually, behind first time embankment, just plantation rice grass and the short silt of extra large reed Gu Tan on the beach of intertidal zone outside dike.Rice grass and extra large reed root system are all very flourishing, and a large amount of accumulation are organic in beach.Embankment Cheng Luhou once more, the place of all plantation rice grass and extra large reed all becomes fertile soil very soon.

Major advantage of the present invention is:

(a) by improving the soil quality of saline soil earlier, planting greening has been realized the greening of saline soil effectively again.

(b) substitute traditional irrigation canals and ditches platform (furrow) field to dig Hu Duipo, enrich the garden landscape element again.

(c) replace pipe laying with the rubble french drain, it is economical to save trouble.

(d) do fertilizer with the Sewage Plant activated sludge, turn waste into wealth, help environmental protection again.

(f) measure of improving the soil in earlier stage such as wetland kind reed, nonirrigated farmland kind sesbania is to increase the soil organic matter, the shortcut that quickens the soil desalination.

(g) make stable green with turf or ground cover plant and cover, improve green color index again.

(h) 139 kinds of ornamental plants are divided into 11 salt tolerant gradients, more than the plant quantity, the salt tolerant threshold value divides carefully, select salt-tolerant plant for use for specific aim guide is provided.

Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention.Should be understood that these embodiment only to be used to the present invention is described and be not used in and limit the scope of the invention.The test method of unreceipted actual conditions in the following example, usually according to normal condition, or the condition of advising according to manufacturer.Unless indicate in addition, otherwise percentage is weight percentage.

Embodiment 1

The test of Halogenic soil planting is is newly enclosed and cultivated in petrochemical industry area, Shanghai

Shanghai general petrochemicals factory encloses and cultivates about 11 square kilometres of tidal land area along Hangzhou Wan.Be a slice river mouth littoral facies deposition beach here before enclosing and cultivating, landforms are more single: high south, north is low, and the gradient is mild, tends to Hangzhou Wan slightly.The port that communicates with seawater on the beach, creek, water channel intersect in length and breadth, also have one roughly parallel with the coastline, desultory shell bank (local claim " sand hilllock "), levee crown is a little more than beach face.A lot of salt fields and bittern well are arranged on the beach to the north of the sand hilllock.3～5 meters of beach absolute altitudes (Wusong mouth zero point).Subterranean water level is 0.5～0.7 meter of natural below ground, and is the highest 0.3 meter, and minimum 1.5 meters, underground water communicates with seawater.Stop seawater behind the embankment, groundwater table decreasing to 1.5～3 meter, but still be subjected to the seawater supply.

Local area belongs to the subtropics monsoon climatic region, has the oceanic climate characteristics, 15.7 ℃ of year-round average temperatures, and annual relative moisture 82%, 1146.4 millimeters of mean annual precipitations, year evaporation discharge 1200 millimeter, slightly greater than precipitation, annual cardinal wind: the southeast.

1. the research method and the technical measures of improving the soil and afforesting

1.1 carry out the overall survey of soil, the greening policy of determining to improve the soil

On nearly ten thousand mu of soils, full area, layout 139, three layers of every some branches, that is: 0～20,20～40,40～60 centimetre of sampling, the soil texture and the degree of packing have been measured respectively, pH value, calcareous, soil water dissolubility salt content (hereinafter to be referred as " salt content ") and salt thereof are grouped into, and all measure and are all undertaken by the farming assay method.

Overall survey of soil result:

1.1.1 soil contains salinity and distribution sees Table 2

1.1.2 soil salt is formed: NaCl:Na ₂SO ₄≈ 85:15

1.1.3 soil pH 7.5～8.5

1.1.4 the soil texture: be silty soil and silt loam more than 80%

1.1.5 soil density: consolidation, harden in the silty soil top layer

1.1.6 soil calcareous: very strong

In a word, soil belongs to beach salty soil.Soil more than 80% is not improved just can not planting greening.So, determined the greening work policy of " improve the soil earlier, back greening " and " having earlier, back good " in view of the above.

Table 2 Shanghai petrochemical industry area soil salt content and distribution thereof

1.2 follow the water salt characteristics of motion, suit measures to local conditions to improve the soil

1.2.1 draining.Local area precipitation is bigger, does a good job of it draining, just can impel " salt goes with water ".How draining, suit measures to local conditions:

1.2.1.1 the large tracts of land greenery patches digs trenches to drain the water away.There is one to lie across between living area and production area as local area, wide 264 meters, long 2000 meters health protection forest.Manually dug a south-north direction at the shelter forest middle part, wide 8 meters, dark 3 meters arterial drainage.All by 3.5～4 meters intervals, open the drain ditch, north-south in the shelter forest, make high furrow with the high ground of ditch earth culture, 30～40 centimetres of draining ditch depths.The drain ditch imports east-west draining branch canal (dark 40～60 centimetres), and branch canal flows into the trunk canal.In the time short of rain, about trunk canal water salinity 3 grams per liters, 50 meters places have a soil salt to change observation station (whole district establishes 28 observation stations) apart from the trunk canal, except that a draining and a weeds growth, do not take other ameliorative measures.During on-test, salt content drops to 0.34%, five year and drops to 0.27% in this point 0～60 cm layer of soil after 0.57%, 4 year.

1.2.1.2 the dispersion greenery patches, pipe drainage.Greenery patches in factory district and residential area can not dig trenches to drain the water away, and just lays inspection shaft inlet " eggplant jasmine " and drainage pipeline, near sewer draining.

1.2.1.3 street green area, natural drainage.Street green area generally exceeds about 20 centimetres than the road surface, and the edge encloses with kerbstone, prevents direct runoff, promotes vertical row's (oozing) water.

1.2.2 level land.With the shelter forest is example, and original here existing higher Sha Gang, Gao Kan spread all over again and shine salt pond, bittern well, and be rugged, is uneven the eminence accumulation of salt in the surface soil, hollow place ponding.Fill out lowly through shoveling height, build plateau wholely, more than 300 mu of forest belt becomes a slice level land, has created condition for improving the soil.

1.2.3 plant the rice desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching.Nearly 10 mu of lowlands are arranged in the north, health protection forest stage casing, higher all around, near arterial drainage, to satisfy to open up and be a slice rice field with regard to physical features, rice is planted in the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching that discharges water earlier then.In paddy growth season, constantly irrigate with fresh water, discharge water again salinity is taken away.Here average salt content about 0.5% in original 0～60 cm layer of soil, planted 2 years paddy rice after, soil salt content drops to 0.38%.

1.2.4 kind green manure.The water paddy soil salinity is just sowed the green manure alfalfa after descending.On other soils that flattened, generally sow salt tolerant green manure sesbania in the forest belt.At the beginning, sesbania does not emerge or at the dead seedling of cotyledon period.After change to sow in spring and be summer sowing---unbroken in June " plum rains ", ooze the phase under the surface soil salinity, the drilling sesbania is broadcast bar ground cover straw.Sesbania has all grown in the solonchak of soil salt content 0.44～0.57% like this.To the sesbania pod phase, when straw begins fibrillatable, to cut and turn over pressure on the spot, the effect of improvement solonchak is fine.Soil salt content 0.46% during on-test, turned in continuous 2 years press sesbania after, soil salt content drops to 0.19% after dropping to 0.25%, 5 year after 3 years.

1.2.5 soil moved in to improve the original.Greenery patches in plant produced district, road both sides and residential area all is difficult to adopt above-mentioned ameliorative measure, just adopts the soil moved in to improve the original method: dig up 〉=40 centimetres of solonchak backfill 〉=60 centimetre farmland soil; Street tree is changed farmland soil by 1 * 1 * 1 cubic metre of plant pit.

1.2.6 cover.For lasting performance covers the accumulation of salt in the surface soil effect that prevents.Adopted " live plant cladding process ", promptly staying weeds on the vacant lots such as (trees leading thread place will vacate a circle to prevent to eat into bar insect " longicorn " harm) and street tree soil zone around the plant pit, only cut and do not uproot, the back is to plant the effect that reinforcements such as salt tolerant lawn Bermuda grass cover.Table 3 reflects two street trees " soil moved in to improve the original " soil salt content situation of change after 3 years.Article two, the road is all at the same area, and natural conditions such as soil and underground water are identical.The obviously salinization of uncovered plant pit soil moved in to improve the original, and have horizontal salinity to infiltrate.The soil moved in to improve the original that has weeds to cover does not have the tangible accumulation of salt in the surface soil and does not also have and laterally ooze salt.Because weeds are detained rainwater, become gravitational water to descend after making rainwater infiltrate soil, promoted salt with under water, salt goes with water.So, covering and not only to suppress the capillarity accumulation of salt in the surface soil that avoids evaporating, and can promote the vertical drainage desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, the salinity in the original solonchak in eastern section, Weier Road is at obvious leaching loss.

Table 3 ground covers the influence that street tree plant pit " soil moved in to improve the original " salinity is changed

1.2.7 isolate.When the street tree soil moved in to improve the original, be the anti-accumulation of salt in the surface soil, taked to do separation layer, both can cut off underground capillary water and rise, help rainwater infiltration again at 20 centimetres of cinders of soil moved in to improve the original bottom pad or 30～40 centimetres of house refuses (organic compost).The buffer action of different material sees the following form 4 with the soil salt situation of change of not having the isolation soil moved in to improve the original.

As seen from Table 4: the cinder separation layer prevents that the effect of the accumulation of salt in the surface soil is best, and house refuse energy fertilizing soil helps arboreal growth.In addition, the buffer action of stone is very good, and IV during as the overall survey of soil-No. 15 point be below 40 centimetres, all is that building stone earth boring auger can't be taken a sample, and this point is on the geavy salt of soil salt content 0.31～0.5% to be distinguished, but last 0～40 centimetre of soil salt content of point only 0.18%.

The influence that table 4 separation layer changes street tree plant pit soil moved in to improve the original salinity

In the health protection forest soil melioration, also adopted and on low-lying land is filled out house refuse (still having 30～40 cm thicks after becoming thoroughly decomposed) in a large number, covered 50 centimetres of light soil or light solonchak.Afforestation back arboreal growth is luxuriant, fixed test in continuous 3 years, no accumulation of salt in the surface soil phenomenon.

In addition, also did separation layer with the biochemical sludge of straw, sesbania straw, fertilizer and Sewage Plant, from trees flowers and plants growing state, effect is all good.But see that through excavating after 2～3 years organic substance rots, and only deposits very thin one deck pitchy humus band in the soil, has not had buffer action.

1.2.8 plough deeply landfill plant straw and wood chip.The inventor year May, done one group and ploughed deeply solonchak, the improved test of landfill plant straw and wood chip.Experimental field be selected in 0～60 cm layer of soil, three processing have been done in the strongly salined soil district of soil salt content 0.63～0.68% altogether, plough deeply 40 centimetres, 60 centimetres, 80 centimetres respectively, and each handles two sub-districts, and other establishes two control plots.Specific practice is: the experimental plot is scraped out the rectangular hole of set depth, wood powder, " wood flower ", dried broad bean straw, straw etc. is filled out 20 cm thicks, the solonchak that digs out spread bury lose straw till.Fill out one deck straw again to expiring 40 centimetres of thickness, then the solonchak that all digs out is filled out back.Dark 60 centimetres and 80 centimetres two handle way with last with, straw also only fills up 40 centimetres at twice, above whole solonchak of digging out of coverings.From in January, second, up in December, the 3rd, result of the test saw Table 5 by 0～20,20～40,40～60 centimetre of sampling and measuring soil salt situation of change in every month.We have ignored different these important steps of two replicated plot drainage conditions of same processing in this test, so that two sub-districts of same processing are widely different.This has proved " salt goes with water " and the key effect of draining improvement solonchak again from a side.

As seen from Table 5: it is resultful ploughing deeply improvement solonchak such as landfill straw, wood chip, and the optimum depth of digging is 40 centimetres.

Table 5 is ploughed deeply landfill straw, wood chip improvement solonchak effect

1.2.9 fertilizing soil

Except that kind of a green manure, bury the house refuse, also gather materials on the spot and use the biochemical sludge of sewage treatment plant in a large number.Contain a large amount of organic matters and plant nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus in the mud, see Table 6.Also contain some colloidal substances in the liquid sludge, grogs is had cementation, easily form the water stability soil aggregate, chronic administration mud has not only increased the soil organic matter, and can improve the replacement performance of soil, thereby weaken the harm of soil salt to plant.After executing mud, the trees flowers and plants are riotous growth all, has also strengthened the saline-alkaline tolerance of plant itself.Simultaneously, the application of organic fertilizers fertilizing soil can also prevent to alkalize in the desalination processes.

Table 6 Shanghai factory activated sludge nutritive element content table (is benchmark with the dewatered sludge)

Element term	Content (%)
		C	48.3
H	8.19
		S	1.84
Total N	0.90～4.88
		NH 4-N	1.3
B	0.03
		K	0.28～1.76
Fe	0.78～3.00
		Ca	0.31～1.94
Zn	0.63～2.27

1.2.10 select the salt tolerant seeds for use.

The initial stage of founding the factory had once been introduced a fine variety high-ranking official poplar, black cottonwood, the living poplars of anti-salt speed such as little U.S. 12 to the Tianjin saline soil area, but performed poor at local area.The saline soil that may be Efficiency in Buildings in Tianjin Area on the one hand is main different with the sodium chloride solonchak of this area with sulphate; Habitat relatively drier, that feel nice and cool, Tianjin is different with the damp and hot habitat in Shanghai on the other hand.Every plant species has its distribution regional boundary, introduces a fine variety at a distance and must consider that habitat conditions is similar, just easily succeeds.So we are devoted to collect the salt tolerant seeds on Shanghai, Zhejiang and the southern Jiangsu marine solonchak and succeed.The salt tolerant seeds of mainly selecting for use are according to the soil testing situation, select the salt-tolerant plant in the table 10 for use.

1.2.11 dense planting.

The garden plants layout requires reasonable organization, but the solonchak area should closely be avoided thin.Take Qiao, filling, grass, flower, " ground cover plant " organic assembling, both in picturesque disorder, increase area coverage again, to give full play to the benefit of improving the soil of planting greening.Facts have proved: as long as the seeds collocation rationally, aspect changes clearly demarcated, is methodically arranged, and dense planting is attractive in appearance too, meets the landscape architecture requirement equally.

1.2.12 reasonably foster measure.

The fostering of solonchak area greening manage and protect according to: rationally irrigate, effectively draining, duty is loosened the soil, and executes function more, the winter turns over and freezes upturned soil etc.So-called rationally the irrigation is exactly not adopt furrow irrigation and big water logging to irritate, and should water or spray, and the water yield is to irrigate degree of being.Irrigation time preferably is placed at dusk, water at night during midsummer, the next morning the cut-out capillary water that loosens the soil.It is in the local area virescence maintenance quality standard important one that winter turns over, and before the annual frozen soil, ploughs comprehensively, and the lump of earth as the huge squama is through alternate freezing and thawing, has not only drenched salt but also vegetable soil, respond well.

Become silted up 1.2.13 Gu Tan is short, improve the soil early stage.

This is the ameliorative measure before reclaiming fields from the sea, local area behind first time embankment, just dike outside on the beach of intertidal zone plantation rice grass and extra large reed Gu Tan urge silt.Rice grass and extra large reed root system are all very flourishing, and a large amount of accumulation are organic in beach.Embankment Cheng Luhou once more, the place of all plantation rice grass and extra large reed all becomes fertile soil very soon, sees Table 7.

Table 7 rice grass---reed plant community increases the soil organic matter content comparison sheet

Measure the place	The soil organic matter (speed is surveyed) %	Mensuration is counted	Ratio
				Rice grass-reed community beach Cheng Luqu	>3.5	3	>2.9
Contrast Cheng Lu district	1～1.2	4	1

2. the result who improves the soil and afforest

Be the salt marsh beach ground (see figure 1) of shining white salt efflorescence in the past everywhere, nowadays become the advanced area of greening (seeing Fig. 2 and Fig. 3).Shanghai petrochemical industry saline soil area greening is grown out of nothing, and from having to excellent process, has fully proved the validity of greening technique of the present invention.

Embodiment 2

The engineering demonstration of improving the soil and afforest in the forest park, Nanhui

The forest park, Nanhui is positioned at beach, Nanhui, Shanghai City, and most of soil is beach salty soil of enclosing and cultivating in 1994, and the upper soll layer salt content is up to 12.1g/Kg.Breed fish in the pool and by the plant procreation of Fischer grass group to reed community, soil is transformed to strand salinization soil by marine solonchak rapidly: the average water soluble salt content of 60～70cm soil layer is 2.2g/Kg, P in soil H 〉=8.4, soil organic matter content about 1.13% through digging.

The inventor has used for reference the achievement in research in petrochemical industry area, Shanghai, has carried out beach salty soil greening test in the forest park, Nanhui.

1. dig Hu Dui " mountain ", the row of filling separately

Drench salt for draining,, taked Wa Hudui " mountain " method, 319 mu of excavation lake water areas, 1264 mu of heap " mountain " moulding land areas also in order to optimize view.And construction is to the drainage pumping stations and the diversion pumping plant that draws the fresh water irrigation of marine site draining.Heap " mountain " drenches salt and the gardens water conservancy ameliorative measure separately of the row of filling, has both enriched woodland scenery, has improved soil again effectively.

2. matching species with the site, selected seeds

The inventor has considered matching species with the site according to the salt tolerant green plants that oneself screens for many years in process of construction in the solonchak greening, select the salt tolerant seeds meticulously for use.Main salt tolerant seeds comprise moundlily, sweet-scented oleander, shrubby flase indigo, locust tree, palm, cypress, willow (weeping willow, straight willow), wet-land pine tree, podocarpus, willow, silk tree, pittosporum tobira, glossy privet, thorny elaeagnus etc.

3. the engineering measure of improving the soil

3.1 landform eminence and hillside fields open-blind ditch: dig deeply 〉=1M from the landform eminence, the french drain of wide 〉=20CM connects level land plateau ditch along under the aspect, and the french drain delivery port is than the high 5-10CM of plateau ditch bottom of trench, to keep blind drainage unobstructed.Son 〉=the 20CM that rockfills in the french drain, stone upper cover one deck " geotextiles " or pore plastic wire, banketing then buries, and marks the french drain position on the ground.The upper end of french drain arises from the separation layer of plant pit bottom, and some plant pit separation layer → french drains → plateau ditch are formed a blind drainage system (seeing Fig. 4 A and 4B).

3.2 the level land trench digging is built plateau:, can not as the nursery, make very regular plantation plateau because balneation district afforestation will be made every effort to nature.The width of plateau and trend are fixed according to the concrete condition of each sub-district, do not make unified regulation, but must accomplish that draining is unobstructed.The wide 1-2M of plateau, plateau furrow width 20CM digs about dark 40CM under vertically, and plateau ditch delivery port will be higher than the long-term waterline 10-20CM of inland lake, balneation district, and the plateau ditch gradient is not less than 0.3 ‰, tilts slightly to the inland lake from high to lower.

3.3 dig big cave, many soil removal and replacement, organic fertilizer: the plant pit size is amplified 20-50% than the standard of " ornamental plant planting technique rules ", digs big cave, and separation layer is laid in many soil removal and replacement meticulously, and establishes weeper drain.With the ginkgo is example, the ginkgo of Φ 7.1-8CM, dig cave area 1.2M * 1.2M, dark 1.2M inserts at the bottom of the cave earlier 〉=separation layer that 20CM is thick, and worker's cloth spreads a layer of clay earlier on the separation layer, lay the farmland soil about a layer thickness 20CM above the geotextiles, execute become thoroughly decomposed fertilizer and the base manure that farmland soil mixes by 1:1 about one deck 10CM on the soil of farmland, on fertilizer, cover farmland soil and mixed soil or the mountain mud etc. of planting of 10% fertilizer+1% superphosphate again, as shown in Figure 5.

Plant the salt tolerant ground cover plant 3.4 plant, both increased the covering of soil table and prevented " salt is with waterborne "; Increase the soil organic matter again, fertilizing soil.Broadcast sowing salt tolerant leguminous green manure sesbania after landform is made immediately, turn over pressure at the sesbania florescence; Salt tolerant lawn Bermuda Gu Po is sodded on limit along the lake, does not add to prune the growth of giving free rein to, and quickens the cumulative process of the soil organic matter.

4. select following measure for use, thereby further improve the effect of the greening of improving the soil:

(a) use the high-effective root-growing element; (b) adopt the biologically active wound curing agent; (c) use the blade face transpiration inhibitor; (d) use photosynthesis promoter; (e) application of plant pit root system ventilation hole and slow-release fertilizer greatly; (f) low concentration top dressing; Or (g) combination of above-mentioned measure.

5. the afforestation effect of improving the soil

Forest park, Nanhui first stage of the project goes into operation to calendar year 2001 from November, 2000 and is completed salt tolerant trees surviving rate average out to about 90% by the end of April.In addition, testing result shows that reclamation result is fine: the soil salt content, soil pH value and the soil organic matter content that indicate solonchak improvement leading indicator see Table 8.

Table 8

Embodiment 3

Beach salty soil green plants screening test

In order to seek and determine to be applicable to the salt-tolerant plant of subtropical zone Halogenic soil planting, the present invention has carried out beach salty soil green plants screening test to numerous plants.

(1) test material and method

1. material: 139 kinds of green plants (seeing Table 9)

Table 9

Sequence number	Kind	Latin	Sequence number	Kind	Latin
						1	Chinese tamarisk saline land	Tamarix?Kazelinii?Bunge.b	36	Palm	Trachycarpus?fortunei(Hook.f.)H.Wendl.
2	The bristle Chinese tamarisk	Tamarix?hispida.	37	Silk tree	Albizzia?julibrissin?Durazz.(A.mollis Boir.，Acacia?julibrissin?Willd.)
						3	Long fringe Chinese tamarisk	Tamarix?elongata.	38	Pittosporum tobira	Pittosporum?tobira(Thunb.)Alt.
4	Tamarix ramosissima	Tamarix?xamosissima?Ledeb.	39	Paper mulberry	Broussonetia?papyrifera(L.)L′Her.ex?Vent.
						5	The Gansu Chinese tamarisk	Tamarix?austromongolica.	40	Chinese toon	Toona?sinensis(A.Juss.)Roem.(Cedre′a sinensis?A.Juss.)
6	The China Chinese tamarisk	Tamarix?chinensis?Lour.	41	Tree-of-heaven	Ailanthus?altissima?Swingle
						7	Bermuda	Bermudagrass?S.P.	42	The winter jujube	Z.j.var.Inermis?Rehd.
8	Bermuda grass	Cynodon?dactylon?Pers	43	The rose of Sharon	Hibiscus?syriacus?L.
						9	Festuca Arundinacea (hunting dog No. 5)	Scirgus?cernuus?Vahl	44	The U.S. Malus spectabilis of pearl	Malus?prunifolia(Willd.)Brokh.
10	Wind tail orchid	Yucca?gloriosa?L.	45	American elm	Ulmus?pumila?L.
						11	Shrubby flase indigo	Amorpha?fruticosa?L.	46	Chinese elm	Ulmus?parvifolia?Jacq.
12	Mulberry tree	Morus?alba?L.	47	Birch-leaf pear	Pyrus?betulae?folia?Bunge
						13	Fig	Ficus?carica?L.	48	Glossy privet	Ligustrum?lucidum?Ait.
14	Chinese small iris	Iris?laeta?Pall	49	Gardenia	Gardenia?jasminoides?Ellis
						15	Sweet-scented oleander	Nerium?indicum?Mill.	50	Pomegranate	Punica?granatum?L.
16	Locust tree	Robinia?pseudoacacia?L.	51	Weigela florida	Weigela?florida(Bunge)A.DC.(Diervilla florida?Sied.Et?Zucc.)
						17	From cured	Frax?inus?chinensis?Roxb.	52	The fire sour jujube	Pyracantha?fortuneana?Li
18	Chinese tallow tree	Sapium?sebiferum?Roxb.	53	The beach rose of Sharon	Hibiscus?L.S.P.
						19	Chinese scholar tree	Sophora?japonica?L.	54	Jujube	Zizyphus?jujuba
20	Sesbania	Sesbania?cannabina	55	Sweet viburnum	Viburnum?odoratisimum?Ker.
						21	Korea lawn grass	Zoysia?japonica	56	Cassia corymbosa	Cassia?L.S.P
22	China's iris	Iris?orientalis?Mill.	57	Chinese sumac	Rhus?chinensis
						23	Chinese honey locust	Gleditsia?sinensis?Lam.	58	Chinese ash	Pterocarya?stenoptera?C.DC.
24	The deer horn cypress	S.C.var.pfitzeriana(Spaeth.)	59	Soapberry	Sapindus?mukurossi?Gaertn.
						25	Clover	Medicago?sativa?L.	60	Melia toosendan	Meliaceae?toosendan
26	Sweet clover	Melilotus?officinalis(L.)Pall.	61	108 poplars	Popuius?L.S.P.
						27	Thermopsis fabaceae	Thermopsis?lupinoides(L.)Link- T.fabacea(Pall.)DC.	62	The meaning poplar	P.x?euramericana
28	Herba Euonymi Bungeani	Euonymus?bungeanus?Maxim.	63	The Yunnan Huang is fragrant	Jasminum?mesnyi?Hance
						29	Toothed oak wood	Xylosma?japonicum	64	The China cryptomeria	Cryptomeria?fortunei?Hooibrenk?ex?Otto?et Dietr.
30	Cypress	S.C.var.Kaizuca?Nakai	65	Swamp cypress	Taxodium?distichum(L.)Rich.
						31	The another name for Sichuan Province juniper	Sabina?chinensis(L.)Ant.(Juniperus chinensis?L.)	66	The Jia Nalie nipa palm	Phoenix?canariensis
32	Blackberry lily	Belamcanda?chinensis	67	Paulownia	Paulownia?fortunei(Seem.)Hemsl.
						33	Hollyhock	Althaea?rosea	68	The Double Ninth Festival wood	Bischofia?polycarpa(Levl.)Airy-Shaw (B.racemosa?Cheng?et?C.D.Chu)
34	Wet-land pine tree	P.elliottii?Engelm	69	Cotton rose	Hibiscus?mu?abilis?L.
						35	China tree	Melia?azedarach?L.	70	Bedleaf cherry plum	P.cerasifera?Ehrn.f.Atropurpurea?Rehd.

Sequence number	Kind	Latin	Sequence number	Kind	Latin
						71	172 willows	Salix?L.S.P.	106	It is thin to urinate	Deutzia?scabra
72	The spun gold willow	Salix?L.S.p.	107	Podocarpus	Podocarpus?macrophllus(Thunb.)D.Don
						73	The beech tree	Zelkova?Schneideriana?Hand.-Mazz.	108	Matrimony vine	Lycium?chinense?Mill.
74	Chinese photinia	P.serrulata?Lindl.	109	The butterfly Chinese scholartree	Leguminosae?Sophora?L.S?P
						75	Chinese wistaria	Wistaria?sinensis?Sweet	110	Spindle tree	Euonymus?japonicus?Thunb.
76	Thorny elaeagnus	Elaeagnus?pungens?Thunb.	111	The melon seeds Chinese littleleaf box	B.sinica?Cheng
						77	Window-box oxalis	Oxalis?rubra?St.Hill	112	The mosquito mother	Distylium?racemosum?Sieb.Et?Zuce
78	Iris	Iris?tectorum?Maxim	113	Fragrant camphor tree	Cinnamomum?camphora(L.)Pres
						79	The tuber of dwarf lilyturf	Ophiopogon?japonicus	114	Trident maple	Acer?buergerianum?Miq.
80	Spend clover in vain	Trifolium?repens	115	Feed the chicken bamboo	P.elegans?Mc?Clure
						81	Bu Chan coconut	Palmae?S?P	116	Dewdrop grass	Dichondra?micrantha?Urb.
82	Vinca	Vinca?major	117	Chi Shan	Taxodium?ascendens?Brongn.
						83	Flowering plum	Prunus?triloba	118	The green onion orchid	Zephyranthes?candida
84	Wintercreeper euonymus	Euonymus?fortunei	119	Yellow camphor tree	Cinnamomum?porrectum(Roxb.)Kosterm
						85	Shrub lespedeza	Lespedeza?bicolor	120	The monkey camphor tree	Lauraceae?Cinnamomum?Bl.S?P
86	Dry land willow	Salix?matsudana?Koidz.	121	Neolitsea sericea	Neolitsea?sericea(Blume)Koidz
						87	Weeping willow	Salix?babylonica?L.	122	Sweetgum	Liquidambar?formosana
88	The dragon's paw willow	Salix?matsudana?Tortuosa	123	Luan Shu (Mount Huang goldenrain tree)	Koelreuteria?integrifolia?Merr.(K.bipinnata var?integrifolia?T.Chen)
						89	Salix gracilistyla	Salix?leucopithecia?Kimura	124	Camplotheca acuminata	Camptotheca?acuminata
90	Alder	Alnus?cremastogyne?Burkill	125	Metasequoia	Metasequoia?glyptostroboides?Hu?et?Cheng.
						91	Crape myrtle	Lagerstroemia?indiea?L.	126	The tangerine tree	Citrus?L.Reticulata
92	Little Chinese rose	Rosa?chinensis?Minima	127	Black walnut	Juglans?cathayensis?Dode
						93	Arbor-vitae	Platycladus?orientalis(L.)Franco(Biota orientalis?Endl.，Th?nja?orientalis?L.)	128	The mountain waste of flax	Alchornea?davidii?Franch.
94	Arrow-leaved oleaster	Elaeagnus?angustifolia?L.	129	Hall crabapple flower	Malus?halliana(Voss)Koehne
						95	The torch lacquer	Rhus?typhina?L.	130	Chinese flowering apple	Malus?spectabilis?Borkh
96	Rosa roxburghii	Rosa?roxburghii	131	The bark of eucommia	Eucommia?ulmoides?Oliv.
						97	Cercis	Cercis?chinensis?Bunge	132	The hair chinaberry	Cornus?walieri?Wanger.
98	Radix Hyperici Monogyni (Herba Hyperici Monogyni)	Hypericum?chinensisL.	133	Citrus unshiu Marcovitch	Citrus?reticulaia?Blanco
						99	Ginkgo	Ginkgo?biloba	134	The firm bamboo of Calusena lansium	f.youngii?C.D.Chu?et?C.S.Chao
100	Ligustrum quihoui	Ligustrum?quihoui?Carr.	135	Filial bamboo	Bambusa?multiplex(Lour.)Raeuschel
						101	Winged euonymus	Euonymus?alatus(Thunb.)Sieb.	136	Strongly fragrant Lee	P.japonica?Thunb.
102	Acacia	Acacia?farnesiana(L.)Willd.	137	Loquat	Eriobotrya?aponica(Thunb.)Lindl.
						103	White popinac	Leucaena?glauca	138	Meadow sweet	Spiraea?salicifolia?L.
104	Pears	Pyrus?L.	139	Trifoliate orange	Poncirus?trifoliata(L.)Raf.
						105	Peach	Prunus?persica

2. method

2.1 adopt mass method and conductance method to measure soil salt content, with conventional PH instrumentation soil pH value, potassium dichromate oxidation-outer heating method is surveyed the soil organic matter, core cutter method is surveyed the bulk density of soil and ventilating slit.

2.2 the experimental plot is arranged:

On the marine solonchak of salt content 〉=9.7g/kg, 9.6-5.3g/kg, 5.2-4.2g/kg, 4-3.2g/kg, 3.1-2.9g/kg, 2.8-2.1g/kg, seven salt content grades of 2-0.9g/kg and strand salinization soil, ward off seven experimental plots, three places, gross area 4720M respectively ²

Plant and foster pipe 2.2.1 plant

Level land, trench digging is made the every plateau kind of plateau (the wide 80cm of plateau, ditch depth 30cm) delegation tree (see figure 6), 20 strains of every kind of tree, herbaceous plant kind 10M ²Maintenance management according to a conventional method.

2.2.2 observe and statistics:

Observe growing state weekly and do clerking, and take pictures and make the visual pattern record; Year-end statistics survival rate.Do the phenophase since the spring in 2002 and observe (1～2 time weekly), and when the season of growth finishes, measure amount of growth.

Plant growing amount on the different salt content soil is obviously different: soil salt content is high more, and the plant growing amount is more little.

(2) test term results

1. through 42 totally months the experiment in cultivation in year August in March, 2000 to 2003 of associating, 139 kinds of trees flowers and plants are made 11 salt tolerant gradients divide, see Table 10.

The salt tolerant information slip of each test plant of table 10

Be the final result of test plant growing state shown in the table 10, some trees is some special circumstances also.Be planted in spring as wet-land pine tree on the marine solonchak of salt content 6.3-9.6g/kg until growing state is good by the end of December, but in surviving the winter, die; Well-grown still after the wet-land pine tree on salt content 3.2 ± 0.12g/kg strand salinization soil planted survives the winter.Dead in surviving the winter also have torch lacquer etc.That other test plants such as strongly fragrant Lee, hall crabapple flower, mountain waste of flax are bloomed spring on marine solonchak is gorgeous, the leaf look bright-coloured, but in summer more (mid-August) or more after the summer (late September) die.

2. plant growing scale (table 11)

Each test region plant growing amount sample statistics table of table 11

Table 11 explanation: the i soil salt content is big more, and the arboreal growth amount is more little, and dependency relation is obvious;

Ii is in the test region of different salt content, and the trees salt resistance that amount of growth difference is little is strong, as Chinese tallow tree, the beach rose of Sharon and fig.

Embodiment 4

Pioneer tree species afforestation effect test

41 kinds of trees flowers and plants of sequence number in the table 10 1～6 all be can be used as the pioneer tree species of beach salty soil greening.The result of present embodiment proves that it is not only green saline soil to plant trees with pioneer tree species, but also is the effective way that the improvement saline soil impels further desalination slaking.

(1) material and method

1. select soil salt content very approaching, identical three of wild vegetation experimental field divide three processing: afforest with pioneer tree species such as American elm, palms by (1), dense planting, and after 3 years, crown density reach 0.9; (2) only dredge saturating formula afforestation, crown density 0.6 after 3 years with American elm; (3) contrast: lay idle.

2. (40～60cm) fetch earth, air-dry, press water for 0～20cm, 20～40cm: soil=5:1 leaching liquor, usefulness water quality purity instrument curve method is measured soil salt content once to divide three layers with earth boring auger in every month.

3. use the wind speed of the upper and lower wind direction of " portable anemovane " assize woods.

4. use the temperature and the relative air humidity of 1.5 meters height of wet and dry bulb temperature instrumentation.

5. water level under the probing geodetic

(2) result of the test

See Table 12-15 and Fig. 7-8.

Table 12

(notes): test the 3rd year weather arid, the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil is strong.

Table 13

Table 14

Table 15

Experimental field 1 subterranean water level is all surveyed in the probing in July in underground water abundance of water season in 1 year and the 5th year, and 1 year is 0.8M, and the 5th year is 1.9M, in 5 years groundwater table decreasing 1.1M.

(3) discuss

1. the aerodynamic effects of the woods

Table 13 shows that the woods can resist wind speed, thereby has reduced soil water evaporation.

2. the thermodynamic activity of the woods

Planting greening can reduce temperature in summer, can relax the variation round the clock of temperature in spring, autumn, and the influence of temperature is seen Table 14.

3. the hydrologic effect of the woods

3.1 the influence to air humidity: air humidity is higher by about 20% than vacant lot in the woods, sees Table 15.

3.2 the influence to underground water level: trees have powerful drainage.Forest land subterranean water level after 5 years has descended 1.1 meters.

3.3 the influence to rainwash: trees branches and leaves and huge root system have favorable mechanical delay effect to precipitation.Thereby significantly reduce rainwash, increase under the soil gravitational water and ooze.

More than three kinds of effects all can reduce soil table water evaporates, thereby help pressing down salt, desalination.

4. the biological effect of the woods

Dry branches and fallen leaves has increased the ground covering in the woods, becomes the soil organic matter after rotting, and various edaphons also multiply thereupon and grow.Small animals such as earthworm have also increased, and this just helps the improvement of soil structure, increase the permeability of soil and promote salt discharge.

In sum,, both created the good condition of directed desalination, seen Table 12 with the pioneer tree species greening; The advantage of fertilizing soil is provided again.

5. pioneer tree species afforestation is answered dense planting, and tall, filling combination strengthens crown density, so that receive the desirable effect of improving the soil.

Said determination is the result prove: pioneer tree species afforestation promotes that the soil desalination is the resultant effect of aerodynamic effects, thermodynamic activity, hydrologic effect and the biological effect of the woods.

Discuss

(1) the shallow spy of plant salt tolerance mechanism

139 kinds of ornamental plants are divided into 11 salt tolerant gradients in the table 10.The different salt tolerant threshold value of each section plant determines that by its physiological adaptation the plant that the salt tolerant threshold value is high is called " halophytes ".The topmost characteristics of halophytes are exactly to have bigger saline-alkaline tolerance, can normally grow on salt-affected soil and finish its history of life, and this right and wrong halophytes does not possess.So-called saline-alkaline tolerance, promptly plant is to the adaptive capacity in salt marsh habitat.The main characteristics in salt marsh habitat are to contain a large amount of salt ions, for example Na ⁺, Cl ^-, SO ₄ ^2-Or the like, and the low flow of water that is caused by the high salt concentration ion, this is the salt marsh habitat produces salt damage to plant two main factors.Obviously, plant will adapt to this saliferous habitat, and it must possess the ability that overcomes the salt ion murder by poisoning (ion is coerced) and the low flow of water (osmotic stress) of opposing, otherwise can't survive.Halophytes just possesses this ability, and it can take various forms deacclimatizes this habitat.Which kind of physiological adaptability type can adapt to the difference of form according to it, halophytes is divided into different physiology types, no matter all must be able to be resisted these two kinds of the salt marsh habitat and be coerced the factor.

1. true halophytes is to the adaptation physiology in salt marsh habitat

1.1 the effect of carnification in plant anti-salt

Carnified notion is meant that the parenchyma cell of plant leaf blade or stem is organized a large amount of hyperplasia, and cell number increases, and volume increases, and can absorb and store large quantity of moisture.So, can overcome the water deficient that plant is caused owing to the suction difficulty under the salt marsh condition, the more important thing is and the salinity that plant is drawn onto in the body from the external world can be diluted, make its concentration be reduced to degree not enough so that evil, this is a kind of very typical morphology adaptability.The alkali of growing on the marine solonchak of Shanghai fluffy (Suaeda glauca) is exactly the Carnified true halophytes of a kind of cauline leaf.

1.2 the effect of osmotic adjustment in plant anti-salt

1.2.1 the notion of osmotic adjustment

The secondary effect of coercing of salinity mainly is an osmotic stress.Osmotic stress mainly is to cause cell dehydration to the injury effect of plant.Plant will adapt to this coercing must can restrain oneself dehydration.The mode that plant is restrained oneself dehydration mainly contains two kinds: dehydration keeps away (1); (2) dehydration tolerance.Dehydration tolerance is meant the characteristic that plant loses turgor and still can survive after dehydration.In this case, plant can only be kept its existing state, and it is very slow to grow, if time lengthening then can cause plant death.Therefore dehydration tolerance has little significance on agriculture and forestry are produced.What is called is kept away dehydration, be meant that plant takes certain measure (aspect morphology or the physiology) under drought condition, plant is not dewatered under osmotic stress, perhaps recover turgescence at short notice after the dehydration, regrow, wherein effective measures are exactly osmotic adjustment.

So-called osmotic adjustment is meant that plant growing has the process of the solute active net increase of active and nonhazardous effect in its cell under the osmotic stress condition in infiltration, and the result of active solute net increase makes cytoplasm concentration increase, particularly the concentration of vacuole juice.Osmotic potential reduces, and makes it still can absorb moisture in the hyposmosis habitat, guarantees the plant normal growth growth.

1.2.2 the mode of osmotic adjustment

The mode of plant osmotic adjustment has two: (1) absorbs in cell and accumulates mineral salt; (2) synthetic organic solute in cell.The osmotic potential of general non-halophytes is less, is generally 500～1000kPa, and the osmotic potential value of halophytes is bigger, and for example the osmotic potential value of the lapacho wood in the mangrove forest can reach 6900kPa.Osmotic adjustment is not unlimited, generally can not surpass its threshold value, otherwise regulate malfunctioning.

1.3 the effect of ion compartmentalization in salt resistance of plants

Coerce down at salinity, some halophytess, particularly true halophytes, one of important means that it adapts to the salt marsh condition is an osmotic adjustment, carnification by cauline leaf, the salinity that absorbs in the cell can be carried out certain dilution, but its diluting effect is limited, the Carnified diluting effect of single dependence, can not be drawn onto intracellular salinity and be diluted to the level that does not damage, also need another function, promptly the compartmentation of ion (ioniccompartmentalization) is assisted.

The compartmentation of so-called ion is about to absorb the most of ion transportation in the plant cell and is stored in the vacuole, thereby reduces the salinity in the cell.The compartmentation of ion, not only ubiquity in halophytes is one of the important means in halophytes adaptation salt marsh habitat, and also has this adaptation means in some non-halophytes.

2. secrete the adaptation physiology of salt halophytes to the salt marsh habitat

Secrete the salt halophytes and why can adapt to the salt marsh habitat, mainly rely on the salt-secreting gland on its blade or the stem.Salt ion enters Gen Mao and epidermal cell is transported to later in the cauline leaf, is discharged to ion external from the secretory pit of secretory cell by the secretory cell of salt-secreting gland.Various Chinese tamarisks secrete the salt halophytes exactly.

3. the living plant of pseudosalt is to the adaptation physiology in salt marsh habitat

The livings plant of so-called pseudosalt is that its root cell film of a class and its hetero-organization have very strong selectivity to salt ion, is exactly refusal and absorption of N a seldom ⁺And Cl ^-, NaCl is accumulated in the bottom of root or overground part, even extraneous NaCl enters plant corpus, and plant takes NaCl is stored in root or basal part of stem, and not to the acrial part transportation, thereby make acrial part avoid being subjected to salt damage.Reed is exactly the living plant of a kind of typical pseudosalt.

(2) influence the various factors of plant salt endurance

Plant salt endurance and section, belong to relevant

This test finds that the salt tolerant character of plant has " family " relation of section, genus.As six kinds of Chinese tamarisks of suspend Tamarix utmost point salt tolerant all; The mulberry of Moraceae, fig and paper mulberry be salt tolerant all: totally 21 plant species such as the Sophora of pulse family, robinia, shrubby flase indigo genus, Cassia, albizzia, Leucaen etc. all are in various degree salt tolerant trees; Nearly 10 kinds of trees of Salicaceae Populus and Salix are all than salt tolerant; The white cured genus of Oleaceae, Ligustrum etc. have 4 kinds to be the salt tolerant trees; It is the salt tolerant seeds that Euphorbiaceae, Ulmaceae, Meliaceae, Cupressaceae, Celastraceae respectively have 3 kinds of trees (containing flowering shrub); Rose family pear is than salt tolerant, or the like.Having plenty of " producing an unexpected winner " in table 10 salt-tolerant plant, is typical acid soil plant as gardenia, in this test at soil pH value more than 8, about salt content 4g/kg, though Huang Ye, fallen leaves are arranged, can germinate new leaves " tenaciously " and pregnant flower bud, bloom, gone through 3 years.

2. plant salt endurance is relevant with its suitable pH value scope

Every plant species all has suitable this test of pH value scope (seeing Table 16) to find: all appropriate pH value height are limited to 8 trees flowers and plants, and its salt tolerant base number is than higher, otherwise then low.

3. plant salt endurance is relevant with its distribution regional boundary

The outstanding figure that the arbor-vitae in northern China arid area and landlocked solonchak area, arrow-leaved oleaster, torch lacquer etc. are considered to the Halogenic soil planting trees always, but perform poor in this test: arbor-vitae is not as cypress, juniper, and arrow-leaved oleaster is not as the winter jujube, and the torch lacquer is also performed poor.

4. plant salt endurance is relevant with its resistance

This test is found: plant that all drought-enduring power is strong such as various Chinese tamarisk, willow, pomegranate, Chinese small iris, Bermuda grass etc. are salt tolerant all; Water-fast wet Chinese tallow tree, the beach rose of Sharon, shrubby flase indigo, purple willow, weeping willow, Korea lawn grass etc. are salt tolerant also; Plant that Chinese People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political College's gas pollutes such as sweet-scented oleander, moundlily, fiery sour jujube etc. are all than salt tolerant.In a word, all growths are bold and resolute, the plant salt endurance of strong stress resistance is also strong, otherwise then.

The pH value scope table that the common green plants of table 16 is suitable

Floristics	The pH value	Floristics	The pH value	Floristics	The pH value
						Various willows	6～8	The Da Hua Abelia biflora	6～8	Trident maple	6～7
Various willows	6～8	Blue or green pod leaf	6～8	The melon seeds Malus spectabilis	6～7
						Mulberry tree	6～8	Sandlwood	6～8	Poinsettia	6～7
Chinaberry	6～8	Loquat	6～8	The compound leaf maple	6～7
						Fig	6～8	The leaflet Cen	6～8	Bridalwreath spiraea root	6～8
The rose of Sharon	6～8	Grape	6.5～8	Sweet osmanthus	6～7
						Olive	6～8	Moundlily	7～8	Carnation	6～7
Cured in vain	6～8	Cloves	7～8	The bark of eucommia	6～7
						Glossy privet	6～8	The gold bar	7～8	Primrose	6～7

Arbor-vitae	6～8	Kiwi fruit	7～8	All kinds of flowering bulbs	5～7
						Shrubby flase indigo	6～8	Jujube tree	7～8	The structure bone	5～7
Meadow sweet	6～8	Piao Shu	7～8	Winged euonymus	5～7
						Fiber crops leaf rust ball	6～8	Rose	7～8	Sweet orange	5～7
Fontanesia	6～8	Juniper	7～8	Various pine trees (except the Korean pine)	5～6
						American elm	6～8	Kerria	7～8	China fir	5～6
Chinese elm	6～8	Shrub lespedeza	7～8	Chestnut	5～6
						The beech tree	6～8	Cercis	7～8	Orchid	5～6
Locust tree	6～8	Thorny elaeagnus	7～8	Tung oil tree	5～6
						Chinese tamarisk	6～8	The arrow bamboo	5～8	Ivyleaf cyclamen	5～6.5
Crape myrtle	6～8	Larch	5～8	Gloxinia	5.5～6.5
						Palm	6～8	Chinese tallow tree	5～8	Flameray gerbera	5.5～6.5
Eucalyptus	6～8	Geranium	6～7	Tea tree	5～5.5
						Metasequoia	6～8	Ginkgo	6～7	Camellia	4～6.8
Horsetail beefwood	6～8	Quercus acutissima	6～7	Various cuckoos	4～5
						Tree-of-heaven	6～8	Chinese rose	6～7	Dragon spruce	4～6
Winter jasmine	6～8	Blue or green maple	6～7	Caephalotaxus sinensis	4～5
						Spindle tree	6～8	Red maple	6～7

5. the surviving the winter of some seeds, summer problem of death more, prompting should be paid attention to the maintenance management in winter and summer especially in the management of saline soil area virescence maintenance.

In sum, select the pioneer tree species of salt tolerant seeds for use as Halogenic soil planting, and artificial culture salt tolerant ground cover plant, Qiao, filling, careless combination, the bioaccumulation process and the desalination processes of reinforcement saline soil.By " have earlier back good " principle, extensive afforestation earlier, again in the soil desalination, carry out fine tree species after fostering and apply fertilizer and upgrade.This is the shortcut of Shanghai City beach salty soil afforestation.This test provides sizable range of choice for selecting pioneer tree species, as long as accurately measure physicochemical properties such as soil salt content, pH value before the afforestation earlier, just can find out corresponding green plants kind in table 10.

All quote in this application as a reference at all documents that the present invention mentions, just quoted as a reference separately as each piece document.Should be understood that in addition those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications the present invention after having read above-mentioned instruction content of the present invention, these equivalent form of values fall within the application's appended claims institute restricted portion equally.

Claims (6)

1. determine suitable the plantation for one kind, it is characterized in that, comprise step in the method for the salt-tolerant plant of saline soil:

(A) measure pH in soil, use mscm ^-1The EC value of expression and the salt content of representing with g/kg, thereby the salt marsh degree of definite soil;

Wherein, when the pH value be 9.0 ± 0.14 and the EC value be 5.0 ± 0.15 and salt content when being 12.1 ± 0.02, soil salt marsh degree is decided to be 1 grade;

When the pH value be 8.5 ± 0.26 and the EC value be 4.5 ± 0.35 and salt content when being 9.6 ± 0.05, soil salt marsh degree is decided to be 2 grades;

When the pH value be 8.1 ± 0.15 and the EC value be 4.0 ± 0.15 and salt content when being 6.3 ± 0.06, soil salt marsh degree is decided to be 3 grades;

When the pH value be 7.9 ± 0.15 and the EC value be 3.5 ± 0.13 and salt content when being 5.2 ± 0.08, soil salt marsh degree is decided to be 4 grades;

When the pH value be 8.2 ± 0.23 and the EC value be 3.0 ± 0.33 and salt content when being 4.2 ± 0.16, soil salt marsh degree is decided to be 5 grades;

When the pH value be 8.5 ± 0.25 and the EC value be 2.5 ± 0.17 and salt content when being 3.2 ± 0.12, soil salt marsh degree is decided to be 6 grades;

When the pH value be 8.2 ± 0.17 and the EC value be 2.0 ± 0.37 and salt content when being 2.5 ± 0.45, soil salt marsh degree is decided to be 7 grades;

When the pH value be 8.0 ± 0.09 and the EC value be 1.8 ± 0.21 and salt content when being 1.8 ± 0.25, soil salt marsh degree is decided to be 8 grades;

When the pH value be 8.0 ± 0.31 and the EC value be 1.5 ± 0.15 and salt content when being 1.5 ± 0.19, soil salt marsh degree is decided to be 9 grades;

When the pH value be 8.5 ± 0.52 and the EC value be 1.3 ± 0.28 and salt content when being 1.2 ± 0.18, soil salt marsh degree is decided to be 10 grades;

When the pH value be 7.8 ± 0.2 and the EC value be 1.2 ± 0.1 and salt content when being 1.0+0.1, soil salt marsh degree is decided to be 11 grades;

(B), select to plant salt-tolerant plant in above-mentioned saline soil according to the soil salt marsh degree of determining in the step (A).

2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, in the step (B), selects salt-tolerant plant by following formula:

Y≥P

In the formula,

Y is the soil salt marsh degree rank of determining in the step (A);

P is the salt tolerant rank of salt-tolerant plant;

Wherein, described salt-tolerant plant is selected from down group:

1 grade of salt-tolerant plant: saline land Chinese tamarisk, bristle Chinese tamarisk;

2 grades of salt-tolerant plants: long fringe Chinese tamarisk, Tamarix ramosissima;

3 grades of salt-tolerant plants: Gansu Chinese tamarisk, Chinese Chinese tamarisk;

4 grades of salt-tolerant plants: " hunting dog No. 5 " in Bermuda, Bermuda grass, the Festuca Arundinacea etc., moundlily;

5 grades of salt-tolerant plants: shrubby flase indigo, mulberry tree, fig, Chinese small iris, sweet-scented oleander, locust tree, cured, Chinese tallow tree, Chinese scholar tree, sesbania, Korea lawn grass, Chinese iris, Chinese honey locust, deer horn cypress, clover, sweet clover, thermopsis fabaceae in vain;

6 grades of salt-tolerant plants: Herba Euonymi Bungeani, toothed oak wood, cypress, another name for Sichuan Province juniper, blackberry lily, hollyhock, wet-land pine tree, China tree, palm, silk tree, pittosporum tobira, paper mulberry, Chinese toon, tree-of-heaven, winter jujube, the rose of Sharon, the U.S. Malus spectabilis of pearl, American elm, Chinese elm, birch-leaf pear, glossy privet, gardenia, pomegranate, weigela florida, fiery sour jujube, the beach rose of Sharon, jujube, sweet viburnum, cassia corymbosa, Chinese sumac;

7 grades of salt-tolerant plants: Chinese ash, soapberry, melia toosendan, 108 poplars, meaning poplar, fragrant, the Chinese cryptomeria of Yunnan Huang, swamp cypress, Jia Nalie nipa palm, paulownia, the Double Ninth Festival wood, cotton rose, bedleaf cherry plum, 172 willows, spun gold willow, beech tree, Chinese photinia, Chinese wistaria, thorny elaeagnus, window-box oxalis, iris, the tuber of dwarf lilyturf, spend clover, cloth enlightening coconut, vinca, flowering plum, wintercreeper euonymus, shrub lespedeza, dry land willow, weeping willow, dragon's paw willow, Salix gracilistyla in vain;

8 grades of salt-tolerant plants: alder, crape myrtle, little Chinese rose, arbor-vitae, arrow-leaved oleaster, torch lacquer, Rosa roxburghii, cercis, Radix Hyperici Monogyni (Herba Hyperici Monogyni), ginkgo, Ligustrum quihoui, winged euonymus, Acacia, white popinac, pears, peach, thin, the podocarpus of urinating, matrimony vine, butterfly Chinese scholartree;

9 grades of salt-tolerant plants: spindle tree, melon seeds Chinese littleleaf box, mosquito mother, fragrant camphor tree, trident maple, food in one's mouth chicken bamboo, dewdrop grass, Chi Shan, green onion orchid, yellow camphor tree, monkey camphor tree, Neolitsea sericea, sweetgum, Luan Shu (Mount Huang goldenrain tree), camplotheca acuminata;

10 grades of salt-tolerant plants: metasequoia, tangerine tree, black walnut, mountain waste of flax, hall crabapple flower, Chinese flowering apple, the bark of eucommia, hair strain, citrus unshiu Marcovitch, the firm bamboo of Calusena lansium, the bamboo of showing filal obedience;

11 grades of salt-tolerant plants: strongly fragrant Lee, loquat, meadow sweet, trifoliate orange.

3. method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, when soil salt marsh degree more than or equal to 7 the time, select gardenia.

4. method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, also comprises in step (B): the plant of selecting is further selected the strong following plant of drought-enduring power: Chinese tamarisk, willow, pomegranate, Chinese small iris or Bermuda grass.

5. method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, also comprises in step (B): the plant of selecting is further selected water-fast wet following plant: Chinese tallow tree, shrubby flase indigo, purple willow, weeping willow or Korea lawn grass.

6. method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, also comprises in step (B): the following plant of the plant of selecting further being selected Chinese People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political College's gas pollution: sweet-scented oleander, moundlily or fiery sour jujube.

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