CN110663429A - Seedling raising method for soapberry - Google Patents
Seedling raising method for soapberry Download PDFInfo
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- CN110663429A CN110663429A CN201910741603.XA CN201910741603A CN110663429A CN 110663429 A CN110663429 A CN 110663429A CN 201910741603 A CN201910741603 A CN 201910741603A CN 110663429 A CN110663429 A CN 110663429A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sapindus mukorossi seedling raising method, which comprises the following steps: s1, preparing seeds: collecting seeds when the cones appear brown yellow, soaking the fruits in a water pool for 8-10 days after the fruits come, removing pulp, cleaning the seeds, drying the seeds in the shade, fully mixing the seeds with clean river sand or deep sandy loam with the volume of 3-4 times of the fruits, and laminating for overwintering; s2, seedbed preparation: in the open field seedbed or the greenhouse seedbed, the bed soil needs to be deeply ploughed and loosened, and the organic matter content of the original bed soil is shown to be 7-9: and 3-1, applying decomposed organic fertilizer, uniformly turning the fertilizer, crushing, and making a lower bed, namely a bed, which is lower than a bed ridge, so that the stalk of the bed is higher than the bed surface by 12-14 cm, the stalk of the bed is 32-34 cm in width and about 100-120 cm in width, filling the seedbed with water, and after the soil surface cannot see water marks, after the soil is slightly dry for 2 days, digging furrows at the row spacing of 10cmX10cm and the depth of 5-6cm for seeding. The invention can shorten the culture period of seedling, reduce the cost and improve the germination rate of seedling.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soapberry breeding, in particular to a soapberry seedling growing method.
Background
The sapindus mukorossi is a sapindus deciduous tree species in sapindaceae sapindus, is mainly distributed in the south area of the Huaihe river basin in China, has the advantages of fast growth, early fruiting, strong resistance and wide requirements on climate and soil environment, and is a common tree species for ecological greening and autumn landscape. The oil content of the soapberry seed kernel reaches 42 percent, the content of the fruit peel saponin reaches 10.8 percent, and the soapberry seed kernel is an important biomass energy and biological detergent raw material tree species in China. The method is used for standardizing the cultivation and utilization activities of the sapindus mukorossi raw material forest and improving the cultivation and utilization level.
The peel of the patient's fruit contains triterpenoid saponin such as soapnut saponin, can be made into a natural pollution-free detergent and is used for daily washing: cleaning tableware, caring skin, washing hair, and protecting skin. The fruit of the natural plant sapindus mukorossi is artificially sun-cured and peeled to obtain pure fruit peel. Can be directly used for extracting the effective component of saponin to manufacture natural pollution-free cleaning products, namely soapberry soap, soapberry handmade soap and the like. Especially, European people prefer to wrap the peel of the soapberry in a cotton woven bag without processing, and the original product is soaked in water and rubbed to generate foam, so that the soapberry can be directly used for washing clothes, hair and body.
The existing sapindus mukorossi has long production period and low germination rate during seedling culture, so that the production cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a sapindus mukorossi seedling raising method.
The invention provides a sapindus seedling raising method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing seeds: collecting seeds when the cones appear brown yellow, soaking the fruits in a water pool for 8-10 days after the fruits come, removing pulp, cleaning the seeds, drying the seeds in the shade, fully mixing the seeds with clean river sand or deep sandy loam with the volume of 3-4 times of the fruits, and laminating for overwintering;
s2, seedbed preparation: in the open field seedbed or the greenhouse seedbed, the bed soil needs to be deeply ploughed and loosened, and the organic matter content of the original bed soil is shown to be 7-9: 3-1, applying rotten organic fertilizer, uniformly turning the organic fertilizer, crushing, and making a lower bed, namely a bed, which is lower than a bed ridge, so that a bed stalk is 12-14 cm higher than a bed surface, the width of the bed stalk is 32-34 cm, the width of the bed surface is about 100-120 cm, filling the seedbed with water, and after the soil surface is not visible with water marks for 2 days, digging grooves with the depth of 5-6cm at the row spacing of 10cmX10cm for seeding after the soil is slightly dry;
s3, seed treatment and disinfection: taking out seeds, soaking the seeds for 1d by using flowing clear water and rinsing the seeds clean, selecting and reserving plump seeds by adopting a flotation method, soaking the seeds for sterilization by using a copper sulfate or potassium permanganate solution, soaking the seeds for 4 to 6 hours by using a copper sulfate solution with 0.3 to 1 percent of solution, soaking the seeds for 2 hours by using a potassium permanganate solution for sterilization or soaking the seeds for 30 minutes by using a 3 percent solution, rinsing the sterilized seeds by using the flowing clear water to remove liquid medicine, putting the seeds into 33 to 49 percent of sulfuric acid solution for degreasing for 2 to 4 hours, rinsing the seeds by using clear water, preserving moisture and accelerating germination at the temperature of 23 to 25 ℃, and dibbling after the embryo roots of broken seed shells are exposed to white;
s4, sowing: when sowing, according to the ratio of 100 grains/m: using seed best calculation, applying clear water to the thin seeding ditch before seeding, performing single-seed swing seeding on the seed radicle after germination acceleration downwards, uniformly covering thin loam with the thickness of 4cm-5cm on the seed radicle, building a bow frame on a seedbed because the temperature is variable in early spring so as to provide proper germination conditions for seeds, and covering the exposed seedbed with a medium-thickness plastic film; covering the seedbed in the greenhouse with a mulching film for the second time, and compacting the film edge with a roller to form a small plastic arched greenhouse;
s5, moisture management: the sapindus germination is the emergence of cotyledons, the newly germinated plants are small, the leaves are thin paper, the soil is kept with proper moisture, the surface layer is not white, the moisture evaporated and lost due to temperature rise is supplemented in time, and the water draining is paid attention to along with the growth of the plants so as to facilitate the growth of the plants;
s6, temperature regulation: after sowing and covering the greenhouse, the change of the temperature and the humidity in the greenhouse should be noticed at any time, the temperature, the humidity and the illumination in the greenhouse should be timely adjusted, the suitable germination temperature is 23-25 ℃, the film should be timely coated along with the rise of the external temperature, but the direct sunlight is prevented, and the light flux can be adjusted by a sunshade net to meet the requirement of the growth habit on the illumination. The seed is germinated after 25 days, and the seed leaves are discharged after 15 days.
Preferably, in S1, the fruits are soaked in the water pool for 9d, and the moisture of the sand is suitable for being held by hands to form a cluster without dripping water and being scattered immediately after touching the ground.
Preferably, the S2 raw bed soil organic matter contains at most 8 parts by plough layer earthwork: 2, applying decomposed organic fertilizer, wherein the bed stalk is higher than 13cm of the bed surface, the width of the bed stalk is over 334cm, and the width of the bed surface is about 115 cm.
Preferably, in the S2 seedbed, during irrigation, the irrigation water is mixed with pesticide capable of killing underground insects such as mole cricket, grub, cutworm and the like, preventing diseases and sterilizing.
Preferably, in the S3, the seeds can be soaked in a copper sulfate solution with the concentration of 0.5% for 5h, degreased in a sulfuric acid solution with the concentration of 41% for 3h, rinsed clean with clear water, and moisturized and germinated at the temperature of 24 ℃.
Preferably, the S6 is uniformly covered with fine loam of 6cm thickness.
Preferably, the optimum temperature for germination in S6 is 24 ℃, the temperature in the greenhouse must not exceed 40 ℃, and the greenhouse should be opened at two or more ends for ventilation when the temperature reaches 35 ℃.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the method can effectively improve the germination rate and reduce the germination time by adopting the regulation of controlling the content proportion and the size of the seedbed and controlling the moisture and the temperature, and can further reduce the production time of the soapberry, so that the production cost of production enterprises can be reduced.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples.
Example 1
S1, preparing seeds: collecting seeds when the cones appear brown yellow, placing the fruits in a water pool for soaking for 8d after the fruits come, rubbing off pulp, cleaning the seeds, drying the seeds in the shade, fully and uniformly mixing the seeds with 3 times of clean river sand or deep sandy loam, and layering for overwintering, wherein the humidity of the sand is suitable for being held into a cluster by a hand without dripping and being scattered by touching the ground;
s2, seedbed preparation: no matter the field seedbed or the greenhouse seedbed, the bed soil needs to be deeply ploughed and loosened, and the organic matter content of the original bed soil is shown to be at most 7 according to the earthwork of the plough layer: applying decomposed organic fertilizer, turning the fertilizer evenly, crushing, making a lower bed, namely a bed and lower than a bed ridge, making a bed stalk higher than the bed surface by 12cm, the width of the bed stalk is 32cm, the width of the bed surface is about 100cm, irrigating the seedbed thoroughly, and irrigating the seedbed to mix with pesticides capable of poisoning underground pests such as mole crickets, grubs and cutworms and preventing diseases and sterilizing, after the soil surface can not see water traces, after the soil is dried for 2 days, the soil can be planted at a row spacing of 10cmX 10-10 cm plants and in a furrow with a depth of 5cm for seeding;
s3, seed treatment and disinfection: taking out seeds, soaking the seeds for 1d by using flowing clear water and rinsing the seeds clean, selecting and reserving plump seeds by adopting a flotation method, soaking the seeds for sterilization by using a copper sulfate or potassium permanganate solution, soaking the seeds for 4h by using a copper sulfate solution with the concentration of 0.3 percent, soaking the seeds for 2h by using a potassium permanganate solution for sterilization or soaking the seeds for 30min by using a 3 percent solution, rinsing the sterilized seeds by using flowing clear water to remove liquid medicine, putting the seeds into a 33 percent sulfuric acid solution for degreasing for 2h, rinsing the seeds clean by using clear water, moisturizing and accelerating germination at the temperature of 23 ℃, and dibbling after the embryo roots of broken seed shells are exposed to white;
s4, sowing: when sowing, according to the ratio of 100 grains/m: using seed best calculation, applying clear water to the sowing ditch before sowing, performing single-seed swing sowing on the seed radicle after germination acceleration downwards, uniformly covering thin soil with the thickness of 4cm on the seed radicle, building a bow frame on a seedbed for providing proper germination conditions for seeds due to variable temperature in early spring, and covering the seedbed with a medium-thickness plastic film; covering the seedbed in the greenhouse with a mulching film for the second time, and compacting the film edge with a roller to form a small plastic arched greenhouse;
s5, moisture management: the sapindus germination is the emergence of cotyledons, the newly germinated plants are small, the leaves are thin paper, the soil is kept with proper moisture, the surface layer is not white, the moisture evaporated and lost due to temperature rise is supplemented in time, and the water draining is paid attention to along with the growth of the plants so as to facilitate the growth of the plants;
s6, temperature regulation: after sowing and covering the greenhouse, the change of the temperature and the humidity in the greenhouse should be noticed at any time, the temperature, the humidity and the illumination in the greenhouse should be adjusted in time, the suitable germination temperature is 23 ℃, the film should be covered in time along with the rise of the external temperature, but the direct solar radiation is prevented, and the light flux can be adjusted by a sunshade net so as to meet the requirement of the growth habit on the illumination.
Example 2
S1, preparing seeds: collecting seeds when the cones appear brown yellow, placing the fruits in a water pool for soaking for 9d after the fruits come, rubbing off pulp, cleaning the seeds, drying the seeds in the shade, fully and uniformly mixing the seeds with clean river sand or deep sandy loam with the volume of 3.5 times, and laminating for overwintering, wherein the humidity of the sand is suitable for being held into a ball by hand without dripping and being scattered by touching the ground;
s2, seedbed preparation: no matter the open field seedbed or the greenhouse seedbed, the bed soil needs to be deeply ploughed and loosened, and the organic matter content of the original bed soil is shown to be at most 8 according to the earthwork of the plough layer: 2 applying decomposed organic fertilizer, turning the fertilizer evenly, crushing, making a lower bed, namely a bed but lower than a bed ridge, making a bed stalk higher than 13cm of the bed surface, making the width of the bed stalk be 33cm and making the width of the bed surface be about 110cm, irrigating the seedbed thoroughly, and irrigating the seedbed to mix water with pesticides capable of poisoning underground pests such as mole crickets, grubs and cutworms and preventing diseases and sterilizing, and after the soil surface can not see water traces, after the soil is dried for 2 days, digging furrows with the depth of 5.5cm at the row spacing of 10cmX 10-10 cm plants for seeding;
s3, seed treatment and disinfection: taking out seeds, soaking the seeds for 1d by using flowing clear water and rinsing the seeds clean, selecting and reserving plump seeds by adopting a flotation method, soaking the seeds for sterilization by using a copper sulfate or potassium permanganate solution, soaking the seeds for 5h by using a copper sulfate solution with a 0.5 percent solution, soaking the seeds for 2h by using a potassium permanganate solution for sterilization or soaking the seeds for 30min by using a 3 percent solution, rinsing the sterilized seeds by using flowing clear water to remove liquid medicine, putting the seeds into a 41 percent sulfuric acid solution for degreasing for 3h, rinsing the seeds clean by using clear water, preserving moisture and accelerating germination at 24 ℃, and dibbling after embryo roots of broken seed shells are exposed white;
s4, sowing: when sowing, according to the ratio of 100 grains/m: using seed best calculation, applying clear water to the sowing ditch before sowing, performing single-seed swing sowing on the seed radicle after germination acceleration downwards, uniformly covering thin soil with the thickness of 4cm on the seed radicle, building a bow frame on a seedbed for providing proper germination conditions for seeds due to variable temperature in early spring, and covering the seedbed with a medium-thickness plastic film; covering the seedbed in the greenhouse with a mulching film for the second time, and compacting the film edge with a roller to form a small plastic arched greenhouse;
s5, moisture management: the sapindus germination is the emergence of cotyledons, the newly germinated plants are small, the leaves are thin paper, the soil is kept with proper moisture, the surface layer is not white, the moisture evaporated and lost due to temperature rise is supplemented in time, and the water draining is paid attention to along with the growth of the plants so as to facilitate the growth of the plants;
s6, temperature regulation: after sowing and covering the greenhouse, the change of the temperature and the humidity in the greenhouse should be noticed at any time, the temperature, the humidity and the illumination in the greenhouse should be adjusted in time, the suitable germination temperature is 24 ℃, the film should be covered in time along with the rise of the external temperature, but the direct solar radiation is prevented, and the light flux can be adjusted by a sunshade net so as to meet the requirement of the growth habit on the illumination.
Example 4
S1, preparing seeds: collecting seeds when the cones appear brown yellow, placing the fruits in a water pool for soaking for 10 days after the fruits come, rubbing off pulp, cleaning the seeds, drying the seeds in the shade, fully and uniformly mixing the seeds with 4 times of clean river sand or deep sandy loam, and layering for overwintering, wherein the humidity of the sand is suitable for being held into a cluster by a hand without dripping and being scattered by touching the ground;
s2, seedbed preparation: no matter the open field seedbed or the greenhouse seedbed, the bed soil needs to be deeply ploughed and loosened, and the organic matter content of the original bed soil is shown to be at least 9 according to the soil volume of a plough layer: 1, applying decomposed organic fertilizer, turning the fertilizer evenly, crushing, making a lower bed, namely a bed but lower than a bed ridge, making a bed stalk higher than 14cm of the bed surface, making the width of the bed stalk higher than 34cm and making the width of the bed surface about 120cm, irrigating a seedbed thoroughly, irrigating the seedbed thoroughly, and irrigating the seedbed to mix water with pesticides capable of poisoning underground pests such as mole crickets, grubs and cutworms and preventing diseases and sterilizing, wherein water traces cannot be seen on the soil surface, and after the soil is dried for 2 days, the soil can be planted at a row spacing of 10cmX 10-10 cm lines and a furrow with a depth of 6cm for seeding;
s3, seed treatment and disinfection: taking out seeds, soaking the seeds for 1d by using flowing clear water and rinsing the seeds clean, selecting and reserving plump seeds by adopting a flotation method, soaking the seeds for sterilization by using a copper sulfate or potassium permanganate solution, soaking the seeds for 6h by using a 1% solution by using a copper sulfate solution, soaking the seeds for 2h by using a 0.5% solution or soaking the seeds for 30min by using a 3% solution after the potassium permanganate solution is sterilized, rinsing the sterilized seeds by using flowing clear water to remove liquid medicine, putting the seeds into 49% sulfuric acid solution for degreasing for 4h, rinsing the seeds clean by using clear water, preserving moisture and accelerating germination at the temperature of 25 ℃, and dibbling after the broken seed shells and radicles are exposed white;
s4, sowing: when sowing, according to the ratio of 100 grains/m: using seed best calculation, applying clear water to the sowing ditch before sowing, performing single-seed swing sowing on the seed radicle after germination acceleration downwards, uniformly covering thin soil with the thickness of 4cm on the seed radicle, building a bow frame on a seedbed for providing proper germination conditions for seeds due to variable temperature in early spring, and covering the seedbed with a medium-thickness plastic film; covering the seedbed in the greenhouse with a mulching film for the second time, and compacting the film edge with a roller to form a small plastic arched greenhouse;
s5, moisture management: the sapindus germination is the emergence of cotyledons, the newly germinated plants are small, the leaves are thin paper, the soil is kept with proper moisture, the surface layer is not white, the moisture evaporated and lost due to temperature rise is supplemented in time, and the water draining is paid attention to along with the growth of the plants so as to facilitate the growth of the plants;
s6, temperature regulation: after sowing and covering the greenhouse, the change of the temperature and the humidity in the greenhouse should be noticed at any time, the temperature, the humidity and the illumination in the greenhouse should be adjusted in time, the suitable germination temperature is 25 ℃, the film should be covered in time along with the rise of the external temperature, but the direct solar radiation is prevented, and the light flux can be adjusted by a sunshade net so as to meet the requirement of the growth habit on the illumination.
The seeds treated in example 2 had the highest germination rate and the highest germination rate.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and equivalent alternatives or modifications according to the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present invention should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A sapindus seedling raising method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing seeds: collecting seeds when the cones appear brown yellow, soaking the fruits in a water pool for 7-10 days after the fruits come, removing pulp, cleaning the seeds, drying the seeds in the shade, fully mixing the seeds with clean river sand or deep sandy loam with the volume of 3-4 times of the fruits, and laminating for overwintering;
s2, seedbed preparation: in the open field seedbed or the greenhouse seedbed, the bed soil needs to be deeply ploughed and loosened, and the organic matter content of the original bed soil is shown to be 7-9: 3-1, applying decomposed organic fertilizer, uniformly turning the fertilizer, crushing, and making a lower bed, namely a bed, which is lower than a bed ridge, so that the stalk of the bed is higher than the bed surface by 12-14 cm, the width of the stalk of the bed is 32-34 cm, the width of the bed surface is about 100-120 cm, filling the seedbed with water, and after the soil surface is not visible with water marks for 2 days, digging furrows with the depth of 5-6cm at the row spacing of 10cmX 10-10 cm for seeding;
s3, seed treatment and disinfection: taking out seeds, soaking the seeds for 1d by using flowing clear water and rinsing the seeds clean, selecting and reserving plump seeds by adopting a flotation method, soaking the seeds by using a copper sulfate or potassium permanganate solution for disinfection, soaking the seeds by using a 0.3-1% solution for 4-6 h by using a copper sulfate solution, soaking the seeds by using a 0.5% solution for 2h or soaking the seeds by using a 3% solution for 30min, rinsing the disinfected seeds by using flowing clear water to remove liquid medicine, putting the seeds in a 33-49% sulfuric acid solution for degreasing treatment for 2-4 h and rinsing the seeds by using clear water, preserving moisture and accelerating germination at the temperature of 23-25 ℃, and dibbling after the embryo roots of broken seed shells are exposed to white;
s4, sowing: when sowing, according to the ratio of 100 grains/m: using seed best calculation, applying clear water to the thin seeding ditch before seeding, performing single-seed swing seeding on the seed radicle after germination acceleration downwards, uniformly covering thin loam with the thickness of 4cm-5cm on the seed radicle, and building a bow frame on a seedbed because the temperature is variable in early spring so as to provide proper germination conditions for seeds, wherein the open seedbed is covered by a medium-thickness plastic film; covering the seedbed in the greenhouse with a mulching film for the second time, and compacting the film edge with a roller to form a small plastic arched greenhouse;
s5, moisture management: the sapindus germination is the emergence of cotyledons, the newly germinated plants are small, the leaves are thin paper, the soil is kept with proper moisture, the surface layer is not white, the moisture evaporated and lost due to temperature rise is supplemented in time, and water is drained with the growth of the plants so as to facilitate the growth of the plants;
s6, temperature regulation: after sowing and covering the greenhouse, the change of the temperature and the humidity in the greenhouse should be noticed at any time, the temperature, the humidity and the illumination in the greenhouse should be timely adjusted, the suitable germination temperature is 23-25 ℃, the film should be timely coated along with the rise of the external temperature, but the direct solar radiation is prevented, and the light flux can be adjusted by a sunshade net so as to meet the requirement of the growth habit on the illumination. The seed is germinated after 25 days, and the seed leaves are discharged after 15 days.
2. The sapindus mukorossi seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the fruits are soaked in the water pool for 9d in S1, and the moisture of the sand is suitable for being held in hand to form a mass without dripping water and being scattered once touching the ground.
3. The sapindus seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the S2 raw bed soil organic matter content is at most 8: 2, applying decomposed organic fertilizer, wherein the bed stalk is higher than 13cm of the bed surface, the width of the bed stalk is over 334cm, and the width of the bed surface is about 115 cm.
4. A seedling raising method of sapindus according to claim 1, wherein in the S2 seedbed, a pesticide capable of killing underground insects such as mole cricket, grub and cutworm and preventing diseases and sterilizing is mixed in the water during irrigation.
5. A sapling raising method for sapindus according to claim 1, wherein the seeds in S3 are soaked in copper sulfate solution 0.5% for 5h, degreased in sulfuric acid solution 41% for 3h and rinsed clean with clear water, and moisturized and germinated at 24 ℃.
6. The sapindus seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein said S6 is uniformly covered with fine loam of 6cm thickness.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the optimum temperature for germination in S6 is 24 ℃, the temperature in the greenhouse is not higher than 40 ℃, and the greenhouse is opened at two or more positions for ventilation when the temperature reaches 35 ℃.
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CN112020932A (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2020-12-04 | 长春大学 | Koelreuteria paniculata seedling growing method in cold area |
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CN105409674A (en) * | 2015-11-03 | 2016-03-23 | 大新县生产力促进中心 | Method for raising seedlings of gleditsia sinensis seeds |
CN108849166A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-11-23 | 贵州省兴仁县康民果业有限责任公司 | A kind of Pregermination and seedling breeding method of soapberry |
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CN105409674A (en) * | 2015-11-03 | 2016-03-23 | 大新县生产力促进中心 | Method for raising seedlings of gleditsia sinensis seeds |
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CN112020932A (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2020-12-04 | 长春大学 | Koelreuteria paniculata seedling growing method in cold area |
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