CN108849166A

CN108849166A - A kind of Pregermination and seedling breeding method of soapberry

Info

Publication number: CN108849166A
Application number: CN201810546387.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李思翰; 李正元
Original assignee: Guizhou Xingren Kang Min Fruit Industry Co Ltd
Current assignee: Guizhou Xingren Kang Min Fruit Industry Co Ltd
Priority date: 2018-05-31
Filing date: 2018-05-31
Publication date: 2018-11-23

Abstract

The present invention relates to soapberry planting technology fields, and in particular to a kind of Pregermination and seedling breeding method of soapberry.The Pregermination and seedling breeding method include overwintering seed, nursery garden primary treatment, presprouting of seeds, nursery garden handle, sow again, 7 thinning, fertilizer and water management key steps, the superior soapberry seed of quality is selected to carry out vernalization seedling, seed is first admixed into overwintering in wet sand, it allows soapberry seed to carry out suspend mode under a home from home, the rudiment of seed later period is promoted to take root；Overwintering rear seed is impregnated by germination liquid again, seed germination power is improved by the effective component of germination liquid, promotes the lesion resistance of Interior Seed, and then improve the survival rate and premunition of seedling；Dormant period seed is effectively waken up in conjunction with illumination, improves the activity of Interior Seed tissue, more common Germination effect is compared, and percentage of seedgermination effectively improves 8~10 percentage points.

Description

A kind of Pregermination and seedling breeding method of soapberry

Technical field

The present invention relates to soapberry planting technology fields, and in particular to a kind of Pregermination and seedling breeding method of soapberry.

Background technique

Soapberry, alias wood suffers from son (Compendium of Materia Medica), oil suffers from sub (Sichuan), bitter trouble tree (Hainan), yellow mesh tree, mesh wave tree (Taiwan), You Luoshu, fruit of washing one's hands are called and rub mesh, false longan, Devil Frown etc. with the hands.Soapberry deciduous tree, branch are carried out, leaf alternate； Without stipule, there is handle；Panicle, basidixed and side are raw；Flower polygamy, corolla light green have shortly clawed；Floral disc cup-shaped, filigree have fine, soft fur, Medicine back it is raw, hermaphrodite flower stamen is small, and filigree has fur.Drupe is spherical, yellow or brown color when ripe.Seed is spherical, black, flower 6~July of phase, 9~October of fruiting period；Various regions and South East Asia Mainland various regions, India and Japan on the south the Yangtze river basin originating in China.Pericarp It, can be for soap containing saponin；Timber can do boxboard and wooden comb etc.；Root, seed bitter, micro-pungent, is trembled with fear at browse, slightly poisonous, is had Heat-clearing eliminating the phlegm, disperse accumulation desinsection and other effects；It is widely used in the diseases such as treatment diphtheria, abscess of throat, acute tonsillitis, cough, pertussis, food stagnation malnutrition due to parasitic infestation Shape；It is used for Trichomonas vaginalis outside.Kernel is for treating infantile malnutrition due to digestive disturbances or intestinalparasites, roundworm disease, the symptoms such as inflatable, halitosis in abdomen.

The long cultivation of existing soapberry fruit tree is in temple, garden, village side, highway both sides or gardens.It enjoys light, slightly shade tolerant, Tolerance to cold is stronger；Not tight, deep-rootedness is required to soil, wind resistance power is strong；It is drought-resistant intolerant to water-wet；Rudiment power is weak, intolerant to repairing It cuts；Growth is very fast, and the service life is long.To sulfur dioxide better resistance, it is widely used in industrial city ecological afforestation.

Soapberry growing power is indomitable, but the soapberry fruit tree root part root rudiment power grown up is weaker, causes soapberry nursery stock Supply falls short of demand, and soapberry plants a large amount of transplanted plantlet of market in urgent need.

Summary of the invention

To solve the above-mentioned problems, sufficient transplanted plantlet is provided for soapberry plantation, the present invention provides a kind of no trouble The Pregermination and seedling breeding method of son.

The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions：

A kind of Pregermination and seedling breeding method of soapberry, includes the following steps：

A, seed is overwintering：When autumn soapberry fruit full maturity, take it is full, without the round and smooth ripening fruits of insect pest, appearance, Pericarp is eliminated, fruit stone is placed under sunlight and teds 1d, and wet Sha Tizhong, 45~50cm of buried depth, moisturizing are admixed after tedding It is overwintering；

B, nursery garden primary treatment：While harvesting seed, select deep woods coverage rate≤25%, soil layer it is deep, close to water Nursery garden is made in the sand infertile field in source, and 45~50cm is ploughed deeply in infertile field, weeds in garden, tree root is eliminated, applies 200~250kg per acre Quick lime, overwintering；

C, presprouting of seeds：Next spring, when temperature recovery is to 10~15 DEG C, the fruit stone that will be imbedded in wet husky body is taken Out, it is placed in constant temperature in 28~32 DEG C of temperature of germination liquid and impregnates 4~6h, stirring is primary per hour, and every stirring is primary to select 2000 The yellow light of~2300lx irradiates 15~20min, pulls out after immersion, is put into 25~27 DEG C of clear water and eluriates completely, It pulls out and is placed in ventilating and cooling place to drain surface moisture spare；

D, nursery garden is handled again：The overwintering rear 45~50cm that fertilizes the soil is ploughed deeply while presprouting of seeds again, extirpates weeds, set Root, it is fine crushing to level land, low-lying, the long 4~5m in low-lying area, wide 2~3m, deep 20~25cm are opened up, at a distance of 50cm between adjacent low-lying area face, every two Block low-lying area face opens up a gutter, 65~70cm of ditch depth, wide 45~50cm, one layer of organic fertilizer of low-lying middle release, 5~6cm of thickness, then Cover 10~15cm of fine earth；

E, it sows：Spare fruit stone point after taking vernalization is sowed on hollow face, fruit 5~7cm of internuclear distance, 20~25cm of line-spacing, Monolith low-lying area face covers 3~5cm of fine earth after sowing, then covers one layer of 0.5cm thickness straw, waters completely wet to straw and soil Profit；

F, thinning：After fruit stone budding and bud point is emerged behind hollow face, is removed straw, is not watered rainy days, soil is completely dried When sprinkle profoundly water；When seedling it is long to 15~17cm high when start thinning, control 20~25cm of line-spacing, 10~14cm of spacing in the rows after thinning, Thinning eliminates the weeds grown on hollow face simultaneously, and shallowly turns over hollow 3~5cm of face, a foliar fertilizer is sprayed after thinning, until seedling Blade face is wet but does not drip；

G, fertilizer and water management：Rainy days does not water after thinning, sprinkles profoundly water when soil is completely dried, miscellaneous in timely removing garden Grass, can lifting field planting when 25~30cm of height of seedling.

Preferably, the fruit stone moisturizing wintering method is as follows：

It takes the wet sand of water content 45~50% to spread in bamboo sieve, spreads 20~25cm of thickness, bamboo mesh size≤ 3mm, bamboo are sieved apart from 10~12cm of ground；It takes and teds rear fruit stone and the wet sand of water content 45~50% is mixed thoroughly, mixed proportion 1:10, the Sha Tishang in bamboo sieve is spread after mixing thoroughly, top layer covers the wet of the water content 45~50% of 45~50cm thickness again Sand, outdoor moisturizing are overwintering；It is 45~50% that sand water content is controlled in During Overwintering Period, and husky body is without exposing to the sun and rain or people and animals It destroys.

Preferably, germination liquid includes following raw material：

It is 5~10 parts of plant ash, 1~2 part of aluminum sulfate, 1~3 part of gibberellin, 2~3 parts of potassium permanganate, 5~7 parts of sucrose, big 2~4 parts of beans polypeptide, 2~3 parts of vitamin, 0.5~1 part of cellulose, 20~25 parts of raw potato mud, 500~600 parts of sterile clear water.

Preferably, the organic fertilizer includes following raw material：

250~300 parts of decomposed dung, 20~25 parts of Chicken dung, 30~35 parts of lotus pool mud, 5~10 parts of flyash, grass It is 15~20 parts of wood ash, 10~15 parts of rape cake powder, 10~15 parts of particle≤1cm walnut broken shell, 5~10 parts of melon seed cases, fresh 7~9 parts of the leaf of bamboo, 3~5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1~3 part of calcium superphosphate, 20% 0.3~0.5 part of DDT EC, 20% Kill 0.1~0.3 part of pyrethroids.

Preferably, the foliar fertilizer is 1000 times of dilutions of sucrose, further includes the nitrogenous fertilizer for accounting for dilution gross weight 5%, accounts for The borax of dilution gross weight 1% accounts for the potash fertilizer of dilution gross weight 3%, accounts for the calcium superphosphate of dilution gross weight 2%, accounts for dilution 50% carbendazol wettable powder of gross weight 1%.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：

1, compared with prior art, the present invention selects the superior soapberry seed of quality to carry out vernalization seedling, effectively improves Seedling premunition and average growing way；And seed is admixed into overwintering in wet sand, it keeps husky body wet and ventilative permeable, allows no trouble Sub- seed carries out suspend mode under a home from home, and the rudiment of seed later period is promoted to take root；

2, the present invention impregnates overwintering rear seed by germination liquid, improves seed germination power by the effective component of germination liquid, Promote the lesion resistance of Interior Seed, and then improves the survival rate and premunition of seedling；Suspend mode is effectively waken up in conjunction with illumination Phase seed improves the activity of Interior Seed tissue, and more common Germination effect is compared, and percentage of seedgermination effectively improves 8~10 hundred Branch；

3, of the invention by seed after the program request vernalization on the hollow face for use sufficient base fertilizer, organic fertilizer is taken root for seed germination and children Seedling growth provides sufficient nutritional ingredient；One layer of thin straw is covered after program request, effectively prevent breaking up in watering proce Surface layer fine earth allows seed to expose in air, while can also effectively facilitate hollow face heat and moisture preserving effect, improves seed germination and takes root Efficiency.

Specific embodiment

The present invention is further described in detail With reference to embodiment, but technical solution provided by the invention It not only include the content showed in embodiment.

Embodiment 1

A kind of Pregermination and seedling breeding method of soapberry is present embodiments provided, detailed process is as follows：

Step 1: seed is overwintering：When autumn soapberry fruit full maturity, take it is full, without the round and smooth maturation of insect pest, appearance Fruit, eliminates pericarp, and fruit stone is placed under sunlight and teds 1d；The wet sand of water content 45% is taken to spread in bamboo sieve simultaneously, booth Thickness 25cm, bamboo mesh size 3mm are put, bamboo is sieved apart from ground 10cm；It takes and teds rear fruit stone and the wet sand of water content 45% is mixed It is even, mixed proportion 1:10, the Sha Tishang in bamboo sieve is spread after mixing thoroughly, top layer covers the wet of the water content 45% of 50cm thickness again Moisten sand, outdoor moisturizing is overwintering；It is 45% that sand water content is controlled in During Overwintering Period, and husky body is without exposing to the sun and rain or people and animals are broken It is bad；

Step 2: nursery garden primary treatment：While harvesting seed, it is deep, close to select deep woods coverage rate 25%, soil layer Nursery garden is made in the sand infertile field at water source, and 45cm is ploughed deeply in infertile field, eliminates weeds in garden, tree root, applies 200kg quick lime per acre, Overwintering；

Step 3: presprouting of seeds：Next spring, when temperature recovery is to 10 DEG C, the fruit stone that will be imbedded in wet husky body It takes out, is placed in constant temperature in 32 DEG C of temperature of germination liquid and impregnates 4h, stirring is primary per hour, every primary Huang for selecting 2300lx of stirring Colored lights irradiate 20min, pull out after immersion, are put into 27 DEG C of clear water and eluriate completely, pull out and are placed in ventilating and cooling place drip Dry surface moisture is spare；

Step 4: nursery garden is handled again：Overwintering rear infertile field 45cm is ploughed deeply while presprouting of seeds again, extirpate weeds, Tree root, it is fine crushing to level land, open up low-lying, hollow long 4m, width 2m, depth 20cm, apart 50cm between adjacent low-lying area face is opened every two pieces of low-lying areas faces If a gutter, ditch depth 65cm, width 45cm, one layer of organic fertilizer of low-lying middle release, thick 5cm, then cover fine earth 10cm；

Step 5: sowing：Spare fruit stone point after taking vernalization is sowed on hollow face, fruit internuclear distance 5cm, line-spacing 20cm, whole Block low-lying area face covers fine earth 5cm after sowing, then covers one layer of 0.5cm thickness straw, and watering to straw and soil are completely wet；

Step 6: thinning：After fruit stone budding and bud point is emerged behind hollow face, is removed straw, is not watered rainy days, soil is complete It is sprinkled profoundly water when dry；When seedling it is long to 15cm high when start thinning, control line-spacing 20cm, spacing in the rows 10cm after thinning, thinning is simultaneously Eliminate the weeds grown on hollow face, and shallowly turn over hollow face 3cm, a foliar fertilizer is sprayed after thinning, until seedling blade face it is wet but It does not drip；

Step 7: fertilizer and water management：Rainy days does not water after thinning, sprinkles profoundly water when soil is completely dried, and removes in time Weeds in garden, can lifting field planting when height of seedling 25cm.

In the present embodiment, germination liquid described in step 3 includes following raw material：

5 parts of plant ash, 1 part of aluminum sulfate, 1 part of gibberellin, 2 parts of potassium permanganate, 5 parts of sucrose, 2 parts of soya-bean polypeptides, vitamin 2 Part, 0.5 part of cellulose, 20 parts of raw potato mud, 500 parts of sterile clear water；

The raw potato mud is to be not added that pigment are broken to be formed after fresh potato decortication is cleaned.

In not embodiment, organic fertilizer described in step 4 includes following raw material：

250 parts of decomposed dung, 20 parts of Chicken dung, 30 parts of lotus pool mud, 5 parts of flyash, 15 parts of plant ash, coarse colza meal End 10 parts, 10 parts of the walnut broken shell of particle 1cm, 5 parts of melon seed cases, 7 parts of the fresh leaf of bamboo, 3 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 part of calcium superphosphate, 20% 0.3 part of DDT EC, 20% killing 0.1~part of pyrethroids.

In the present embodiment, foliar fertilizer described in step 6 is 1000 times of dilutions of sucrose, further includes that account for dilution total The nitrogenous fertilizer for weighing 5% accounts for the borax of dilution gross weight 1%, accounts for the potash fertilizer of dilution gross weight 3%, and account for dilution gross weight 2% crosses phosphorus Sour calcium accounts for 50% carbendazol wettable powder of dilution gross weight 1%.

In the present embodiment, germination and growth of seedling be not in the process by the invasion of lesion, seed germination rate 98%, seed bud survival rate 95%, survival rate of seedling 94%.

Embodiment 2

Step 1: seed is overwintering：When autumn soapberry fruit full maturity, take it is full, without the round and smooth maturation of insect pest, appearance Fruit, eliminates pericarp, and fruit stone is placed under sunlight and teds 1d；The wet sand of water content 50% is taken to spread in bamboo sieve simultaneously, booth Thickness 20cm, bamboo mesh size 2mm are put, bamboo is sieved apart from ground 12cm；It takes and teds rear fruit stone and the wet sand of water content 50% is mixed It is even, mixed proportion 1:10, the Sha Tishang in bamboo sieve is spread after mixing thoroughly, top layer covers the wet of the water content 50% of 45cm thickness again Moisten sand, outdoor moisturizing is overwintering；It is 50% that sand water content is controlled in During Overwintering Period, and husky body is without exposing to the sun and rain or people and animals are broken It is bad；

Step 2: nursery garden primary treatment：While harvesting seed, it is deep, close to select deep woods coverage rate 15%, soil layer Nursery garden is made in the sand infertile field at water source, and 50cm is ploughed deeply in infertile field, eliminates weeds in garden, tree root, applies 250kg quick lime per acre, Overwintering；

Step 3: presprouting of seeds：Next spring, when temperature recovery is to 15 DEG C, the fruit stone that will be imbedded in wet husky body It takes out, is placed in constant temperature in 28 DEG C of temperature of germination liquid and impregnates 6h, stirring is primary per hour, every primary Huang for selecting 2000lx of stirring Colored lights irradiate 15min, pull out after immersion, are put into 25 DEG C of clear water and eluriate completely, pull out and are placed in ventilating and cooling place drip Dry surface moisture is spare；

Step 4: nursery garden is handled again：Overwintering rear infertile field 50cm is ploughed deeply while presprouting of seeds again, extirpate weeds, Tree root, it is fine crushing to level land, open up low-lying, hollow long 5m, width 3m, depth 25cm, apart 50cm between adjacent low-lying area face is opened every two pieces of low-lying areas faces If a gutter, ditch depth 70cm, width 50cm, one layer of organic fertilizer of low-lying middle release, thick 6cm, then cover fine earth 15cm；

Step 5: sowing：Spare fruit stone point after taking vernalization is sowed on hollow face, fruit internuclear distance 7cm, line-spacing 25cm, whole Block low-lying area face covers fine earth 3cm after sowing, then covers one layer of 0.5cm thickness straw, and watering to straw and soil are completely wet；

Step 6: thinning：After fruit stone budding and bud point is emerged behind hollow face, is removed straw, is not watered rainy days, soil is complete It is sprinkled profoundly water when dry；When seedling it is long to 17cm high when start thinning, control line-spacing 25cm, spacing in the rows 14cm after thinning, thinning is simultaneously Eliminate the weeds grown on hollow face, and shallowly turn over hollow face 5cm, a foliar fertilizer is sprayed after thinning, until seedling blade face it is wet but It does not drip；

Step 7: fertilizer and water management：Rainy days does not water after thinning, sprinkles profoundly water when soil is completely dried, and removes in time Weeds in garden, can lifting field planting when height of seedling 30cm.

10 parts of plant ash, 2 parts of aluminum sulfate, 3 parts of gibberellin, 3 parts of potassium permanganate, 7 parts of sucrose, 4 parts of soya-bean polypeptides, vitamin 3 parts, 1 part of cellulose, 25 parts of raw potato mud, 600 parts of sterile clear water；

The raw potato mud is that hydraulic pressure squeezing is not added after potato gross weight is cleaned to crush.

In the present embodiment, organic fertilizer described in step 4 includes following raw material：

300 parts of decomposed dung, 25 parts of Chicken dung, 35 parts of lotus pool mud, 10 parts of flyash, 20 parts of plant ash, rape cake 15 parts of powder, 15 parts of the walnut broken shell of particle 0.5cm, 10 parts of melon seed cases, 9 parts of the fresh leaf of bamboo, 5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium superphosphate 3 Part, 20% 0.5 part of DDT EC, 0.3 part of killing pyrethroids of 20%.

In the present embodiment, germination and growth of seedling be not in the process by the invasion of lesion, seed germination rate 98%, seed bud survival rate 93%, survival rate of seedling 93%.

The above described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, being not intended to limit the present invention in any form, appoint What without departing from technical solution of the present invention content, according to the technical essence of the invention any modification to the above embodiments, etc. With variation and modification, all of which are still within the scope of the technical scheme of the invention.

Claims

1. a kind of Pregermination and seedling breeding method of soapberry, which is characterized in that include the following steps：

A, seed is overwintering：When autumn soapberry fruit full maturity, take it is full, without the round and smooth ripening fruits of insect pest, appearance, eliminate Pericarp, fruit stone are placed under sunlight and ted 1d, admix wet Sha Tizhong after tedding, 45~50cm of buried depth, and moisturizing is overwintering；

B, nursery garden primary treatment：While harvesting seed, it is deep, close to water source to select deep woods coverage rate≤25%, soil layer Nursery garden is made in sand infertile field, and 45~50cm is ploughed deeply in infertile field, eliminates weeds in garden, tree root, applies the raw stone of 200~250kg per acre Ash, overwintering；

C, presprouting of seeds：Next spring, when temperature recovery is to 10~15 DEG C, the fruit stone that will be imbedded in wet husky body is taken out, It being placed in 28~32 DEG C of temperature of germination liquid constant temperature and impregnates 4~6h, stirring is primary per hour, and every stirring is primary to select 2000~ The yellow light of 2300lx irradiates 15~20min, pulls out after immersion, is put into 25~27 DEG C of clear water and eluriates clean, fishing Being placed in ventilating and cooling place out, to drain surface moisture spare；

D, nursery garden is handled again：The overwintering rear 45~50cm that fertilizes the soil is ploughed deeply while presprouting of seeds again, is extirpated weeds, tree root, It is fine crushing to level land, low-lying, the long 4~5m in low-lying area, wide 2~3m, deep 20~25cm are opened up, at a distance of 50cm between adjacent low-lying area face, every two pieces Hollow face opens up a gutter, 65~70cm of ditch depth, wide 45~50cm, one layer of organic fertilizer of low-lying middle release, 5~6cm of thickness, then covers 10~15cm of lid fine earth；

E, it sows：Spare fruit stone point after taking vernalization is sowed on hollow face, fruit 5~7cm of internuclear distance, 20~25cm of line-spacing, monolith 3~5cm of fine earth is covered after hollow face sowing, then covers one layer of 0.5cm thickness straw, watering to straw and soil are completely wet；

F, thinning：After fruit stone budding and bud point is emerged behind hollow face, is removed straw, is not watered rainy days, pour when soil is completely dried It is permeable；When seedling it is long to 15~17cm high when start thinning, control 20~25cm of line-spacing, 10~14cm of spacing in the rows after thinning, thinning The weeds grown on hollow face are eliminated simultaneously, and shallowly turn over hollow 3~5cm of face, a foliar fertilizer are sprayed after thinning, until seedling blade face It moistens but does not drip；

G, fertilizer and water management：Rainy days does not water after thinning, sprinkles profoundly water when soil is completely dried, weeds in timely removing garden, It can lifting field planting when 25~30cm of height of seedling.

2. a kind of Pregermination and seedling breeding method of soapberry according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the fruit stone moisturizing is overwintering Method is as follows：

It takes the wet sand of water content 45~50% to spread in bamboo sieve, spreads 20~25cm of thickness, bamboo mesh size≤3mm, bamboo Sieve is apart from 10~12cm of ground；It takes and teds rear fruit stone and the wet sand of water content 45~50% is mixed thoroughly, mixed proportion 1:10, it mixes The Sha Tishang in bamboo sieve is spread after even, top layer covers the wet sand of the water content 45~50% of 45~50cm thickness, room again Outer moisturizing is overwintering；It is 45~50% that sand water content is controlled in During Overwintering Period, and husky body is without exposing to the sun and rain or people and animals destroy.

3. a kind of Pregermination and seedling breeding method of soapberry according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the germination liquid include with Lower raw material：

5~10 parts of plant ash, 1~2 part of aluminum sulfate, 1~3 part of gibberellin, 2~3 parts of potassium permanganate, 5~7 parts of sucrose, soybean are more 2~4 parts of peptide, 2~3 parts of vitamin, 0.5~1 part of cellulose, 20~25 parts of raw potato mud, 500~600 parts of sterile clear water.

4. a kind of Pregermination and seedling breeding method of soapberry according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the organic fertilizer include with Lower raw material：

250~300 parts of decomposed dung, 20~25 parts of Chicken dung, 30~35 parts of lotus pool mud, 5~10 parts of flyash, plant ash 15~20 parts, 10~15 parts of rape cake powder, 10~15 parts of particle≤1cm walnut broken shell, 5~10 parts of melon seed cases, the fresh leaf of bamboo 7 ~9 parts, 3~5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1~3 part of calcium superphosphate, 20% 0.3~0.5 part of DDT EC, 20% killing chrysanthemum 0.1~0.3 part of ester.

5. a kind of Pregermination and seedling breeding method of soapberry according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the foliar fertilizer is sucrose 1000 times of dilutions, further include the nitrogenous fertilizer for accounting for dilution gross weight 5%, account for the borax of dilution gross weight 1%, account for dilution gross weight 3% potash fertilizer accounts for the calcium superphosphate of dilution gross weight 2%, accounts for 50% carbendazol wettable powder of dilution gross weight 1%.