CN104429505A - Teasel root planting method capable of effectively improving product yield - Google Patents
Teasel root planting method capable of effectively improving product yield Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a teasel root planting method capable of effectively improving product yield. The method includes the steps of seedling cultivation, temporary planting and seedling arrangement, transplanting, field management, and management and harvest of the growth stage of the second year. The planting technology is easy to master, operation is easy, the rate of survival is greatly improved, the plant growth speed is high, and the planting cycle is greatly shortened. Meanwhile, harvested teasel roots are large in size and coincident in color and have few individual differences, superior products can account for more than 90%, and the yield per mu is improved by two to three times. In addition, by means of the planting method, the use number of pesticides is reduced to the greatest extent, the quality and quality stability of medicinal materials are improved, market supply of the teasel root market is guaranteed, the frequency of digging wild teasel roots is reduced indirectly, and the method also lays a good foundation for improving the manual large-scale teasel root planting and enhancing the teasel root product competitiveness and has good economic benefits, social benefits and ecological benefits.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Chinese herbal medicine planting technology field, be specifically related to a kind of teasel root planting method that can effectively improve the quality of products.
Background technology
Teasel root has another name called that river is disconnected, Long Dou, is Dipsacaceae Dipsacus herbaceos perennial, is used as medicine with rhizome, begin to be loaded in Shennong's Herbal, be listed in top grade, should " synthetism of continuous folding " and gain the name, and is conventional Chinese medicine.Mainly be distributed in the ground such as the Chongqing of China, Sichuan, Hunan, Hubei, Yunnan, Tibet, its slightly warm in nature, bitter be pungent, enter liver, kidney channel, effect of having dirty, the disconnected muscles and bones of tonifying liver, adjusting blood vessels, is usually used in the diseases such as treatment is had a pain in the back, the foot and knee being feeble, traumatic injury, ulcer sore are swollen.Due to the medicinal efficacy of teasel root uniqueness, in Southeast Asia, overseas market all very welcome such as Africa, demand is also in continuous expansion, in addition teasel root is mainly based on wild, seldom tame, make price continuous rise in recent years, wild resource is caused to gather, market supply wretched insufficiency, be exactly in addition, because the demand in market is large, the teasel root medicinal material circulated in present market is based on wild, its source is not also fixed, usually there will be and mix the spurious with the genuine, shoddy phenomenon, because its source is not fixed, there is no trackability, cause differing greatly of medicinal material, the quality of most medicinal material does not reach requirement and the standard of medication, in addition, the method of in addition planting teasel root conventional now utilizes seed directly to sow plantation, its survival rate is low, the speed of growth is slow, yield poorly, the teasel root defect rate of results is higher.Therefore, develop a kind of fast growth, high-yield and high-efficiency, defect rate teasel root planting method that is low, that effectively can improve teasel root quality be desirability.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve Problems existing in background technology, the object of the present invention is to provide the teasel root planting method that a kind of fast growth, high-yield and high-efficiency, defect rate are low, effectively can improve teasel root quality.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this, a kind of teasel root planting method that can effectively improve the quality of products, and comprise seedling fostering, the row's of heeling in seedling, transplanting, field management, the management in Second Year vegetative period and gather, concrete steps are as follows:
1. seedling fostering
A, seedbed arrange: select deep, the loose fertile sand of damp soil layer, be then by weight percentage: the fine earth of 70 ~ 80%, the farmyard manure of 18 ~ 30% with 1 ~ 2% superphosphate mix rear leveling, carefully whole thoroughly, manage moisture in the soil growth 8m, the seedbed of wide 1.2m;
B, sowing: sow in annual mid-February, before sowing, seed is put into the decis warm water solution that concentration is 0.4 ~ 0.5%, temperature is 30 ~ 40 DEG C to soak 20 ~ 30 hours, dry after taking-up, the sterilized soil admixing 3 ~ 5 times of weight again vernalization 4 ~ 5 days under 25 ~ 28 DEG C of conditions, then seed is sowed uniformly on moisture in the soil face, cover the pine needle of thick layer 1cm, water permeable after add a cover mulch film and arch film;
C, nursery: before emerging, the temperature in mulch film controls at 22 ~ 25 DEG C, and removing mulch film after seedling is unearthed also progressively removes pine needle, and arch temperature in the shed controls at 25 ~ 26 DEG C, when height of seedling grows to 3 ~ 5cm, can carry out the row's of heeling in seedling;
2. the row's of heeling in seedling: fill Nutrition Soil with nutritious bag, teasel root seedling one seedling one pocket planting after being taken out by band soil on the same day enters in nutritious bag, waters normal root water in time, and add a cover arch film, note ventilating in film, when height of seedling long 10 ~ 12cm, hardening was transplanted after 15 ~ 20 days under field conditions (factors);
3. field-transplanting: in annual mid-April, first wide 60cm is made in the plot of transplanting, the high railway carriage or compartment of the high 15 ~ 20cm in furrow face, by the seeding row spacing of 25 × 25cm on the Mian Shangwa pool, railway carriage or compartment, and uses sufficient base fertilizer in each pool, then the pool one seedling is adopted to carry out field planting, during field planting, need the seedling of taking out band soil from nutritious bag, put into the pool, water permeable after earthing, finally add a cover black mulch film;
4. field management
A, intertill and clean tillage: teasel root growing period needs to carry out intertill and clean tillage 3 ~ 4 times, accomplishes that field is without weeds, easy shallow hoe during weeding, accidentally injures root and blade;
B, rich water quality management: each intertill and clean tillage all should topdress once, wherein after final singling every mu water and execute liquid dung supernatant 1000 ~ 1500kg, Feng Hanghou and next year, when turning green, mu executed the farmyard manure 2000 ~ 3000kg become thoroughly decomposed, all the other at every turn every mu impose potassium sulfate, each 10 ~ 20kg of phosphoric acid as swollen fertilizer;
C, beat tongue: except reserving seed for planting, when teasel root flower tongue is extracted out, should extract immediately, in order to avoid expend nutrient, affect the growth of root;
D, membrane removal: in late November, after teasel root disappears seedling, removing mulch film, ridging, makes teasel root survive the winter smoothly, ensures normal growth in the coming year;
5. the management in Second Year vegetative period: the management in Second Year vegetative period according to above-mentioned steps 4. in operation carry out conventional management;
6. gather: can gather after teasel root planting Second Year, should carry out before frost, now root nutrition composition accumulation is many, and quality is good, first prescinds cauline leaf on the ground, more all dug by root when excavating, and removing earth, reed head can gather in the crops teasel root.
Implantation methods of the present invention is adopted to plant teasel root, its planting technology is easily grasped, easy to operate, and transplanted again by the row's of heeling in seedling, not only improve survival rate greatly, and the speed of plant strain growth is fast, shorten the cycle of plantation greatly, simultaneously, teasel root after gathering a large color and luster is consistent, individual difference is little, high-class product can reach more than 90%, what per mu yield compared directly sowing plantation improves 2 ~ 3 times, in addition, this implantation methods farthest decreases the use of agricultural chemicals, improve the quality of medicinal material and the stability of quality, ensure the market supply of teasel root medicinal material, indirectly decrease excavating of wild teasel root, also for improving the manual scale planting of teasel root, strengthen the product competitiveness of teasel root, have laid a good foundation, there is good economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefits.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated, but limited the present invention never in any form, and any conversion done based on training centre of the present invention or replacement, equal embodiment belongs to protection scope of the present invention.
embodiment 1:select height above sea level to be 2000 ~ 2500 meters, the gradient is the arable land plantation of 5 ~ 10 degree.、
1. seedling fostering
A, seedbed arrange: select deep, the loose fertile sand of damp soil layer, be then by weight percentage: the fine earth of 70 ~ 80%, the farmyard manure of 18 ~ 30% with 1 ~ 2% superphosphate mix rear leveling, carefully whole thoroughly, manage moisture in the soil growth 8m, the seedbed of wide 1.2m;
B, sowing: sow in annual mid-February, before sowing, seed is put into the decis warm water solution that concentration is 0.4 ~ 0.5%, temperature is 30 DEG C to soak 20 hours, dry after taking-up, the sterilized soil admixing 3 ~ 5 times of weight again vernalization 4 ~ 5 days under 25 ~ 28 DEG C of conditions, then seed is sowed uniformly on moisture in the soil face, cover the pine needle of thick layer 1cm, water permeable after add a cover mulch film and arch film;
C, nursery: before emerging, the temperature in mulch film controls at 22 DEG C, and removing mulch film after seedling is unearthed also progressively removes pine needle, and arch temperature in the shed controls at 25 DEG C, when height of seedling grows to 3cm, can carry out the row's of heeling in seedling;
2. the row's of heeling in seedling: fill Nutrition Soil with nutritious bag, teasel root seedling one seedling one pocket planting after being taken out by band soil on the same day enters in nutritious bag, water normal root water in time, and add a cover arch film, note ventilating in film, when height of seedling long 10 ~ 12cm, hardening was transplanted after 15 days under field conditions (factors), described Nutrition Soil is after the fine earth of 70% mixes with the farmyard manure of 20% by mass percent, then spray in the above mass ratio be 0.4% EM active liquid obtained;
3. field-transplanting: in annual mid-April, first wide 60cm is made in the plot of transplanting, the high railway carriage or compartment of the high 15 ~ 20cm in furrow face, by the seeding row spacing of 25 × 25cm on the Mian Shangwa pool, railway carriage or compartment, and uses sufficient base fertilizer in each pool, then the pool one seedling is adopted to carry out field planting, during field planting, need the seedling of taking out band soil from nutritious bag, put into the pool, water permeable after earthing, finally add a cover black mulch film;
4. field management
A, intertill and clean tillage: teasel root growing period needs to carry out intertill and clean tillage 3 ~ 4 times, accomplishes that field is without weeds, easy shallow hoe during weeding, accidentally injures root and blade;
B, rich water quality management: each intertill and clean tillage all should topdress once, wherein after final singling every mu water and execute liquid dung supernatant 1000kg, Feng Hanghou and next year, when turning green, mu executed the farmyard manure 2000kg become thoroughly decomposed, all the other at every turn every mu impose potassium sulfate, each 10kg of phosphoric acid as swollen fertilizer;
C, beat tongue: except reserving seed for planting, when teasel root flower tongue is extracted out, should extract immediately, in order to avoid expend nutrient, affect the growth of root;
D, membrane removal: in late November, after teasel root disappears seedling, removing mulch film, ridging, makes teasel root survive the winter smoothly, ensures normal growth in the coming year;
5. the management in Second Year vegetative period: the management in Second Year vegetative period according to above-mentioned steps 4. in operation carry out conventional management;
6. gather: can gather after teasel root planting Second Year, should carry out before frost, now root nutrition composition accumulation is many, and quality is good, first prescinds cauline leaf on the ground, more all dug by root when excavating, and removing earth, reed head can gather in the crops teasel root.
Adopt the teasel root of above-described embodiment 1 implantation methods plantation, transplanting survival rate reaches 98%, the growth rate of plant is slow, within 2 years, can gather, and effectively inhibit the generation of plant disease, teasel root head after gathering is large, quality good, without small holes caused by worms, rot etc. lack, high-class product can reach 91%, and per mu yield reaches 400kg.
embodiment 2:selection height above sea level is the level land plantation of 2000 ~ 2500 meters.
1. seedling fostering
A, seedbed arrange: select deep, the loose fertile sand of damp soil layer, be then by weight percentage: the fine earth of 70 ~ 80%, the farmyard manure of 18 ~ 30% with 1 ~ 2% superphosphate mix rear leveling, carefully whole thoroughly, manage moisture in the soil growth 8m, the seedbed of wide 1.2m;
B, sowing: sow in annual mid-February, before sowing, seed is put into the decis warm water solution that concentration is 0.4 ~ 0.5%, temperature is 35 DEG C to soak 25 hours, dry after taking-up, the sterilized soil admixing 3 ~ 5 times of weight again vernalization 4 ~ 5 days under 25 ~ 28 DEG C of conditions, then seed is sowed uniformly on moisture in the soil face, cover the pine needle of thick layer 1cm, water permeable after add a cover mulch film and arch film;
C, nursery: before emerging, the temperature in mulch film controls at 23 DEG C, and removing mulch film after seedling is unearthed also progressively removes pine needle, and arch temperature in the shed controls at 26 DEG C, when height of seedling grows to 4cm, can carry out the row's of heeling in seedling;
2. the row's of heeling in seedling: fill Nutrition Soil with nutritious bag, teasel root seedling one seedling one pocket planting after being taken out by band soil on the same day enters in nutritious bag, water normal root water in time, and add a cover arch film, note ventilating in film, when height of seedling long 10 ~ 12cm, hardening was transplanted after 18 days under field conditions (factors), stating Nutrition Soil is be after the fine earth of 75% mixes with the farmyard manure of 25% by mass percent, then spray in the above mass ratio be 0.6% EM active liquid obtained;
3. field-transplanting: in annual mid-April, first wide 60cm is made in the plot of transplanting, the high railway carriage or compartment of the high 15 ~ 20cm in furrow face, by the seeding row spacing of 25 × 25cm on the Mian Shangwa pool, railway carriage or compartment, and uses sufficient base fertilizer in each pool, then the pool one seedling is adopted to carry out field planting, during field planting, need the seedling of taking out band soil from nutritious bag, put into the pool, water permeable after earthing, finally add a cover black mulch film;
4. field management
A, intertill and clean tillage: teasel root growing period needs to carry out intertill and clean tillage 3 ~ 4 times, accomplishes that field is without weeds, easy shallow hoe during weeding, accidentally injures root and blade;
B, rich water quality management: each intertill and clean tillage all should topdress once, wherein after final singling every mu water and execute liquid dung supernatant 1200kg, Feng Hanghou and next year, when turning green, mu executed the farmyard manure 2500kg become thoroughly decomposed, all the other at every turn every mu impose potassium sulfate, each 15kg of phosphoric acid as swollen fertilizer;
C, beat tongue: except reserving seed for planting, when teasel root flower tongue is extracted out, should extract immediately, in order to avoid expend nutrient, affect the growth of root;
D, membrane removal: in late November, after teasel root disappears seedling, removing mulch film, ridging, makes teasel root survive the winter smoothly, ensures normal growth in the coming year;
5. the management in Second Year vegetative period: the management in Second Year vegetative period according to above-mentioned steps 4. in operation carry out conventional management;
6. gather: can gather after teasel root planting Second Year, should carry out before frost, now root nutrition composition accumulation is many, and quality is good, first prescinds cauline leaf on the ground, more all dug by root when excavating, and removing earth, reed head can gather in the crops teasel root.
Adopt the teasel root of above-described embodiment 2 implantation methods plantation, transplanting survival rate reaches 97%, the growth rate of plant is slow, within 2 years, can gather, and effectively inhibit the generation of plant disease, teasel root head after gathering is large, quality good, without small holes caused by worms, rot etc. lack, high-class product can reach 96%, and per mu yield reaches 420kg.
embodiment 3:selection height above sea level is: 1800 ~ 2200 meters, and the gradient is the hillside fields plantation of 5 ~ 10 degree.
1. seedling fostering
A, seedbed arrange: select deep, the loose fertile sand of damp soil layer, be then by weight percentage: the fine earth of 70 ~ 80%, the farmyard manure of 18 ~ 30% with 1 ~ 2% superphosphate mix rear leveling, carefully whole thoroughly, manage moisture in the soil growth 8m, the seedbed of wide 1.2m;
B, sowing: sow in annual mid-February, before sowing, seed is put into the decis warm water solution that concentration is 0.4 ~ 0.5%, temperature is 4 DEG C to soak 30 hours, dry after taking-up, the sterilized soil admixing 3 ~ 5 times of weight again vernalization 4 ~ 5 days under 25 ~ 28 DEG C of conditions, then seed is sowed uniformly on moisture in the soil face, cover the pine needle of thick layer 1cm, water permeable after add a cover mulch film and arch film;
C, nursery: before emerging, the temperature in mulch film controls at 25 DEG C, and removing mulch film after seedling is unearthed also progressively removes pine needle, and arch temperature in the shed controls at 26 DEG C, when height of seedling grows to 5cm, can carry out the row's of heeling in seedling;
2. the row's of heeling in seedling: fill Nutrition Soil with nutritious bag, teasel root seedling one seedling one pocket planting after being taken out by band soil on the same day enters in nutritious bag, water normal root water in time, and add a cover arch film, note ventilating in film, when height of seedling long 10 ~ 12cm, hardening was transplanted after 20 days under field conditions (factors), described Nutrition Soil is after the fine earth of 80% mixes with the farmyard manure of 30% by mass percent, then spray in the above mass ratio be 0.8% EM active liquid obtained;
3. field-transplanting: in annual mid-April, first wide 60cm is made in the plot of transplanting, the high railway carriage or compartment of the high 15 ~ 20cm in furrow face, by the seeding row spacing of 25 × 25cm on the Mian Shangwa pool, railway carriage or compartment, and uses sufficient base fertilizer in each pool, then the pool one seedling is adopted to carry out field planting, during field planting, need the seedling of taking out band soil from nutritious bag, put into the pool, water permeable after earthing, finally add a cover black mulch film;
4. field management
A, intertill and clean tillage: teasel root growing period needs to carry out intertill and clean tillage 3 ~ 4 times, accomplishes that field is without weeds, easy shallow hoe during weeding, accidentally injures root and blade;
B, rich water quality management: each intertill and clean tillage all should topdress once, wherein after final singling every mu water and execute liquid dung supernatant 1500kg, Feng Hanghou and next year, when turning green, mu executed the farmyard manure 3000kg become thoroughly decomposed, all the other at every turn every mu impose potassium sulfate, each 20kg of phosphoric acid as swollen fertilizer;
C, beat tongue: except reserving seed for planting, when teasel root flower tongue is extracted out, should extract immediately, in order to avoid expend nutrient, affect the growth of root;
D, membrane removal: in late November, after teasel root disappears seedling, removing mulch film, ridging, makes teasel root survive the winter smoothly, ensures normal growth in the coming year;
5. the management in Second Year vegetative period: the management in Second Year vegetative period according to above-mentioned steps 4. in operation carry out conventional management;
6. gather: can gather after teasel root planting Second Year, should carry out before frost, now root nutrition composition accumulation is many, and quality is good, first prescinds cauline leaf on the ground, more all dug by root when excavating, and removing earth, reed head can gather in the crops teasel root.
Adopt the teasel root of above-described embodiment 3 implantation methods plantation, transplanting survival rate reaches 96%, the growth rate of plant is slow, within 2 years, can gather, and effectively inhibit the generation of plant disease, teasel root head after gathering is large, quality good, without small holes caused by worms, rot etc. lack, high-class product can reach 93%, and per mu yield reaches 410kg.
Claims (2)
1. the teasel root planting method that can effectively improve the quality of products, is characterized in that, comprise seedling fostering, the row's of heeling in seedling, transplanting, field management, the management in Second Year vegetative period and gather, concrete steps are as follows:
1. seedling fostering
A, seedbed arrange: select deep, the loose fertile sand of damp soil layer, be then by weight percentage: the fine earth of 70 ~ 80%, the farmyard manure of 18 ~ 30% with 1 ~ 2% superphosphate mix rear leveling, carefully whole thoroughly, manage moisture in the soil growth 8m, the seedbed of wide 1.2m;
B, sowing: sow in annual mid-February, before sowing, seed is put into the decis warm water solution that concentration is 0.4 ~ 0.5%, temperature is 30 ~ 40 DEG C to soak 20 ~ 30 hours, dry after taking-up, the sterilized soil admixing 3 ~ 5 times of weight again vernalization 4 ~ 5 days under 25 ~ 28 DEG C of conditions, then seed is sowed uniformly on moisture in the soil face, cover the pine needle of thick layer 1cm, water permeable after add a cover mulch film and arch film;
C, nursery: before emerging, the temperature in mulch film controls at 22 ~ 25 DEG C, and removing mulch film after seedling is unearthed also progressively removes pine needle, and arch temperature in the shed controls at 25 ~ 26 DEG C, when height of seedling grows to 3 ~ 5cm, can carry out the row's of heeling in seedling;
2. the row's of heeling in seedling: fill Nutrition Soil with nutritious bag, teasel root seedling one seedling one pocket planting after being taken out by band soil on the same day enters in nutritious bag, waters normal root water in time, and add a cover arch film, note ventilating in film, when height of seedling long 10 ~ 12cm, hardening was transplanted after 15 ~ 20 days under field conditions (factors);
3. field-transplanting: in annual mid-April, first wide 60cm is made in the plot of transplanting, the high railway carriage or compartment of the high 15 ~ 20cm in furrow face, by the seeding row spacing of 25 × 25cm on the Mian Shangwa pool, railway carriage or compartment, and uses sufficient base fertilizer in each pool, then the pool one seedling is adopted to carry out field planting, during field planting, need the seedling of taking out band soil from nutritious bag, put into the pool, water permeable after earthing, finally add a cover black mulch film;
4. field management
A, intertill and clean tillage: teasel root growing period needs to carry out intertill and clean tillage 3 ~ 4 times, accomplishes that field is without weeds, the appropriate to the occasion shallow hoe of weeding, accidentally injures root and blade;
B, rich water quality management: each intertill and clean tillage all should topdress once, wherein after final singling every mu water and execute liquid dung supernatant 1000 ~ 1500kg, Feng Hanghou and next year, when turning green, mu executed the farmyard manure 2000 ~ 3000kg become thoroughly decomposed, all the other at every turn every mu impose potassium sulfate, each 10 ~ 20kg of phosphoric acid as swollen fertilizer;
C, beat tongue: except reserving seed for planting, when teasel root flower tongue is extracted out, should extract immediately, in order to avoid expend nutrient, affect the growth of root;
D, membrane removal: in late November, after teasel root disappears seedling, removing mulch film, ridging, makes teasel root survive the winter smoothly, ensures normal growth in the coming year;
5. the management in Second Year vegetative period: the management in Second Year vegetative period according to above-mentioned steps 4. in operation carry out conventional management;
6. gather: can gather after teasel root planting Second Year, should carry out before frost, now root nutrition composition accumulation is many, and quality is good, first prescinds cauline leaf on the ground, more all dug by root when excavating, and removing earth, reed head can gather in the crops teasel root.
2. a kind of teasel root planting method that can effectively improve the quality of products according to claim 1, is characterized in that: above-mentioned steps 2. described in Nutrition Soil be that to be that the fine earth of 70 ~ 80% mixes with the farmyard manure of 20 ~ 30% by mass percent rear obtained.
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CN105613191A (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2016-06-01 | 师宗县恒旭农业开发有限公司 | High-yield and high-quality method for cultivating moringa oleifera |
CN106105646A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-11-16 | 普洱市林业科学研究所 | A kind of Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) Seedling broad-leaved underwood planting method |
CN107493903A (en) * | 2017-09-11 | 2017-12-22 | 贵州阳溪洪林中药材产业开发有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of teasel |
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CN109220661A (en) * | 2017-05-02 | 2019-01-18 | 玉龙县鲁甸山芸药业有限责任公司 | A kind of teasel root planting method |
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