CN103385087B - Low-altitude strong rheum officinale seedling breeding method - Google Patents
Low-altitude strong rheum officinale seedling breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103385087B CN103385087B CN201310241558.4A CN201310241558A CN103385087B CN 103385087 B CN103385087 B CN 103385087B CN 201310241558 A CN201310241558 A CN 201310241558A CN 103385087 B CN103385087 B CN 103385087B
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Abstract
A low-altitude strong rheum officinale seedling breeding method comprises the steps of variety selection, breeding place selection, seedling soil selection, seedling time selection, seedling bed preparation, sowing, mulch covering, weeding, seedling separating, fertilizing and seedling transplanting. The low-altitude strong rheum officinale seedling breeding method can improve the transplantation survival rate of rheum officinale, save seeds, shorten the planting year of the rheum officinale and reduce the seedling planting cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to high mountain medicinal plant cultivation technical field, relate in particular to the low height above sea level of a kind of rheum officinale mating system in strong sprout.
Background technology
Rheum officinale is Tibetan medicine material in the important tradition of China, and wild resource can not meet the demand of traditional Chinese medicine far away, and strengthening wild change man's kind research and Demonstration And Extension is the important measures of protection and sustainable use Plant Resources of Rheum.Because rheum officinale growth cycle is long, sapling multiplication difficulty, input-output efficiency is low, and slower development is planted by wild change man.Rheum officinale is planted with live and seedling raising and transplanting at present, and live seed consumption is large, emerge poor, and First Year poor growth, the difficult management such as intertill and clean tillage; Grow seedlings in original producton location, the mid or late April after thawing could be sowed, and due to height above sea level, difference variation is large, percentage of seedgermination is low, and sowing quantity is large, field management inconvenience, affect rheum officinale seedling quality, and Second Year just transplants April, affected the popularization that the wild change man of the contour Chinese yam material of rheum officinale plants.
Utilize low altitude area temperature autumn and winter higher, be applicable to the feature of rheum officinale growth of seedling and safe overwintering, employing autumn and winter, low height above sea level was grown seedlings, and transport to high mountain plantation by seedling the coming year, the ahead of time growing process of rheum officinale, makes to plant being advanced to the 3rd year and gathering of just gathering for 4 years.Because the conditions such as Pingba district irrigation are good, Science and technology popularization degree is high, peasant's seedling growing process is good, convenient management, easily sets up scale sapling multiplication base, be plateau district breeding high quality seedling simultaneously, thereby promote the sound development of rheum officinale.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the low height above sea level of a kind of rheum officinale mating system in strong sprout, the method can be improved prior art, will do sth. in advance the growing process of rheum officinale.
For reaching this object, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
This kind of low height above sea level of rheum officinale mating system in strong sprout, its step comprises kind selection, nursery point selection, the soil selection of growing seedlings, seedling raise period, seedbed preparation, sowing, epiphragma, weeding and thinning, topdresses, plants transplantation of seedlings, specifically:
A, kind are selected, select the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (version in 2010, one) kind of regulation, the ancient especially big yellow Rheum tanguticum Maxim.ex Balf. of polygonum rheum palmatum Rheum palmatum L., Tang or Rheum officinale Rheum officinale Baill;
B, nursery point selection, require the seedling in the winter time can safe overwintering, and both winter, extreme lowest temperature was 0 DEG C of left and right, therefore selected 600 meters of following hills, the Sichuan Basin or Pingba districts of height above sea level;
C, the soil of growing seedlings select, and select that fertile soil, soil layer are deep, irrigation and drainage loam easily;
D, seedling raise period select, and according to rheum officinale seed sprouting rule and growth characteristic, and COMPONENT IN SOUTH SICHUAN BASIN warm winter feature, being chosen in October early and middle ten days is the comparatively suitable nursery stage of rheum officinale, and now temperature, at 15-20 DEG C, is conducive to rheum officinale and emerges, can safe overwintering after emerging;
Prepare in E, seedbed, after front stubble results, plough in time, tilling depth 20cm～25cm, rakes, and picks up weeds and stone in field, do railway carriage or compartment by wide 1.3m, on the face of railway carriage or compartment, execute appropriate base fertilizer, convert 100 times of water even spraying with 0.5% phoxim granule (or missible oil) 2.5Kg/ mu and prevent and treat soil insect in earth's surface, shallow plowing leveling immediately, the filling moisture in the soil water of revealing the exact details, sowing after infiltrating;
F, sowing, every mu of seedbed rheum officinale seed 2.0kg then, can adopt drilling or broadcast sowing. and drilling, by line-spacing 10cm, is opened the shallow ridges that 3cm is dark, and seed is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in ditch, and thickness of earth covering is advisable not reveal seed; Just broadcast sowing seed is evenly spread in seedbed, cover the fine earth of 0.5cm;
G, epiphragma, after planting with bamboo chip by film ledge wide 2m, to heat soil moisture conservation, stratification and growth, and protect rheum officinale seedling not by Cryogenic burns, safe overwintering, takes off film after heating up the March of waiting for the coming year;
H, weeding, thinning, late Febuary in the coming year, throw off film, remove grassy weed with " cover grass energy ", then when artificial weeding, press 5 centimetres of even seedling thinnings of seedling spacing with artificial except broadleaf weed, cultivate strong sprout;
I, topdress, after the even seedling of weeding for the first time, chase after disposable fertilizer, mu is executed 5 kilograms, urea, 1 kilogram of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1000 kilograms of liquid dungs; Execute by the end of April once to send and transfer fertilizer, mu is executed 5 kilograms, urea, 1000 kilograms of liquid dungs;
J, kind transplantation of seedlings the coming year by the end of April to late May, are manually got seedling in the time that rheum officinale seedling has 4-5 sheet to launch leaf, rhizome diameter 4mm completely, pluck base of leaf, leave heart bud, pack the mountain area transplanting of transporting in time plan plantation by every bundle 50 seedlings with cortina, press the each 60cm of seeding row spacing, dig nest and transplant, nest is determined with seedling rhizome length deeply, general 20-30cm, every nest is planted 1 strain, earthing, buries reed head, after earthing, waters.If be not ready for transplanting soil, near seedling must being transported to planting site, heel in, be that the smooth ground of selection of land gesture is by line-spacing 25cm ditching, seedling is planted by spacing in the rows 10cm kind, after consolidation is good, be transplanted to land for growing field crops, heeling in 1 mu can field planting 15 mu, has effectively solved low height above sea level and has got seedling time and the inconsistent conflict of high mountain transplanting time.
Preferably, the base fertilizer in the preparation process of described seedbed is, urea 10kg, superphosphate 50kg, potassium sulfate 15kg are evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in every mu of seedbed, organic manure or cake fertilizer 100kg become thoroughly decomposed.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
Rheum officinale transplantation of seedlings survival rate is high.By 2011 in Chengdu bluish white river carry out the low height above sea level Study on Seedling Cultivation Technique of rheum officinale, result shows, grows seedlings in early September-late October, after planting about 6 days, emerges, growth of seedling is normal, can survive the winter.Mid or late April reaches 4-5 sheet true leaf.Late May emerges and transports to the transplanting of alpine region, Aba Prefecture Mao County, transplants seedling 2,000,000 strains, approximately plants 1000 mu, and transplanting survival rate reaches more than 90%.
The low height above sea level of rheum officinale is grown seedlings and is saved seed, shortened rheum officinale Planting Years.Low height above sea level is grown seedlings, and the first year, September-Second Year all can be grown seedlings by the end of January, and just can emerge for 5-9 days, and by meticulous sowing and management, percentage of seedgermination is high, and sowing quantity is few, mu sowing quantity 1.5-2 kilogram, and can be transplanted to land for growing field crops April, gathers at the 2-3 transplanting; And high mountain general planting need go up at the temperature that thaws, after rainy season, sow, generally could sow in late April, seed sprouting and climatic variation and rainwater relation are very large, generally emerge very low and irregular, sowing quantity is large, seedling raising and transplanting mu sowing quantity 5-6 kilogram, Second Year could be transplanted, 1.5 kilograms of live mu sowing quantities.
Low height above sea level is grown seedlings, and seedling cost is low, implements feasible.Low height above sea level is cultivated 0.06 yuan of the every strain cost of rheum officinale seedling, approximately 120 yuan of every mu of seedlings, and seedling cost is low.2000 plants/acre of planting densities, the seedling in 1 mu of seedbed can be planted 50 mu.Low height above sea level is grown seedlings, and high mountain plantation is practical.
Embodiment
Further illustrate technical scheme of the present invention below by embodiment.
We 2011 in Chengdu bluish white river carry out the low height above sea level of rheum officinale and grow seedlings, concrete implementation step is as follows:
A, kind are selected, and select the kind of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (version in 2010) regulation, that is, and and polygonum rheum palmatum Rheum palmatum L;
B, nursery point selection, require the seedling in the winter time can safe overwintering, and both winter, extreme lowest temperature was 0 DEG C of left and right, therefore selected the bluish white river, Chengdu of 400 meters of left and right of height above sea level;
C, the soil of growing seedlings select, and select that fertile soil, soil layer are deep, irrigation and drainage loam easily;
D, seedling raise period are selected, according to rheum officinale seed sprouting rule and growth characteristic, and COMPONENT IN SOUTH SICHUAN BASIN warm winter feature, being chosen in early October, 2011 grows seedlings, and this time is the comparatively suitable nursery stage of rheum officinale, and now temperature is at 15-20 DEG C, be conducive to rheum officinale and emerge, can safe overwintering after emerging;
Prepare in E, seedbed, after front stubble results, plough in time, tilling depth 20cm～25cm, rakes, and picks up weeds and stone in field, do railway carriage or compartment by wide 1.3m, on the face of railway carriage or compartment, execute appropriate base fertilizer, convert 100 times of water even spraying with 0.5% phoxim granule 2.5Kg/ mu and prevent and treat soil insect in earth's surface, shallow plowing leveling immediately, the filling moisture in the soil water of revealing the exact details, sowing after infiltrating;
F, sowing, every mu of seedbed rheum officinale seed 2.0kg then, adopts drilling.Line-spacing 10cm is pressed in drilling, opens the shallow ridges that 3cm is dark, and seed is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in ditch, and thickness of earth covering is advisable not reveal seed;
G, epiphragma, after planting with bamboo chip by film ledge wide 2m, to heat soil moisture conservation, stratification and growth, and protect rheum officinale seedling not by Cryogenic burns, safe overwintering, takes off film after heating up in March, 2012;
H, weeding, thinning, in late Febuary, 2012, throw off film, remove grassy weed with " cover grass energy ", then when artificial weeding, press 5 centimetres of even seedling thinnings of seedling spacing with artificial except broadleaf weed, cultivate strong sprout;
I, topdress, after the even seedling of weeding for the first time, chase after disposable fertilizer, mu is executed 5 kilograms, urea, 1 kilogram of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1000 kilograms of liquid dungs; Execute in by the end of April, 2012 once to send and transfer fertilizer, mu is executed 5 kilograms, urea, 1000 kilograms of liquid dungs;
J, kind transplantation of seedlings, in late May, 2012, in the time that rheum officinale seedling has 4-5 sheet to launch leaf, rhizome diameter 4mm completely, manually get seedling, pluck base of leaf, leave heart bud, pack and transport in time the transplanting of mountain area, Aba Prefecture Mao County with cortina by every bundle 50 seedlings, by the each 60cm of seeding row spacing, dig nest and transplant, nest is determined with seedling rhizome length deeply, general 20-30cm, every nest is planted 1 strain, earthing, bury reed head, after earthing, water.We grow seedlings 20 mu in bluish white river, produce and transplant seedling 2,000,000 strains, approximately plant 1000 mu.
By above implementation method, the survival rate of its transplanting reaches more than 90%.
Another embodiment, improves as one, and the base fertilizer in the preparation process of described seedbed is, urea 10kg, superphosphate 50kg, potassium sulfate 15kg are evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in every mu of seedbed, organic manure or cake fertilizer 100kg become thoroughly decomposed.
The above; be only the specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this, any people who is familiar with this technology is in disclosed technical scope; the variation that can expect easily or replacement, within all should being encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claim.
Claims (2)
1. the low height above sea level of a rheum officinale mating system in strong sprout, its step comprises kind selection, nursery point selection, the soil of growing seedlings selection, seedling raise period selection, seedbed preparation, sowing, epiphragma, weeding and thinning, topdresses, plants transplantation of seedlings, it is characterized in that:
A, kind are selected, select the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (version in 2010, one) kind of regulation, the ancient especially big yellow Rheum tanguticum Maxim.ex Balf. of polygonum rheum palmatum Rheum palmatum L., Tang or Rheum officinale Rheum officinale Baill;
B, nursery point selection, select 600 meters of following hills, the Sichuan Basin or Pingba districts of height above sea level;
C, the soil of growing seedlings select, and select that fertile soil, soil layer are deep, irrigation and drainage loam easily;
D, seedling raise period, be chosen in early and middle ten days in October;
Prepare in E, seedbed, after front stubble results, plough in time, tilling depth 20cm～25cm, rakes, and picks up weeds and stone in field, do railway carriage or compartment by wide 1.3m, on the face of railway carriage or compartment, execute appropriate base fertilizer, convert 100 times of water even spraying with 0.5% phoxim granule 2.5Kg/ mu and prevent and treat soil insect in earth's surface, shallow plowing leveling immediately, the filling moisture in the soil water of revealing the exact details, sowing after infiltrating;
F, sowing, every mu of seedbed rheum officinale seed 2.0kg then, can adopt drilling or broadcast sowing, and line-spacing 10cm is pressed in drilling, opens the shallow ridges that 3cm is dark, and seed is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in ditch, and thickness of earth covering is advisable not reveal seed; Just broadcast sowing seed is evenly spread in seedbed, cover the fine earth of 0.5cm;
G, epiphragma, after planting with bamboo chip by film ledge wide 2m, to heat soil moisture conservation, stratification and growth, and protect rheum officinale seedling not by Cryogenic burns, safe overwintering, takes off film after heating up the March of waiting for the coming year;
H, weeding, thinning, late Febuary in the coming year, throw off film, remove grassy weed with " cover grass energy ", then when artificial weeding, press 5 centimetres of even seedling thinnings of seedling spacing with artificial except broadleaf weed, cultivate strong sprout;
I, topdress, after the even seedling of weeding for the first time, chase after disposable fertilizer, mu is executed 5 kilograms, urea, 1 kilogram of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1000 kilograms of liquid dungs; Execute by the end of April once to send and transfer fertilizer, mu is executed 5 kilograms, urea, 1000 kilograms of liquid dungs;
J, plant transplantation of seedlings, the coming year by the end of April to late May, when having 4-5 sheet, rheum officinale seedling launches leaf completely, when rhizome diameter 4mm, manually get seedling, pluck base of leaf, leave heart bud, pack the mountain area transplanting of transporting in time plan plantation with cortina by every bundle 50 seedlings, press the each 60cm of seeding row spacing, digging nest transplants, nest is determined with seedling rhizome length deeply, general 20-30cm, every nest is planted 1 strain, earthing, bury reed head, after earthing, water, if be not ready for transplanting soil, near seedling must being transported to planting site, heel in, be that the smooth ground of selection of land gesture is by line-spacing 25cm ditching, seedling is planted by spacing in the rows 10cm kind, after consolidation is good, be transplanted to land for growing field crops, heeling in 1 mu can field planting 15 mu.
2. the low height above sea level of a kind of rheum officinale as claimed in claim 1 mating system in strong sprout, it is characterized in that, base fertilizer in the preparation process of described seedbed is, urea 10kg, superphosphate 50kg, potassium sulfate 15kg are evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in every mu of seedbed, organic manure or cake fertilizer 100kg become thoroughly decomposed.
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| CN104350902A (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2015-02-18 | 天祝藏族自治县藏医药开发研究所 | Rhubarb planting method |
| CN104396517A (en) * | 2014-11-22 | 2015-03-11 | 毛艳玲 | Mixed planting method for rheum dalmatum rhubarb root and cassava |
| CN105052529B (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2017-06-06 | 贺逢宝 | A kind of cultural method of dietotherapeutic sorrel |
| CN105284343B (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2018-01-16 | 董凯 | A kind of cultural method of sorrel |
| CN105309182A (en) * | 2015-10-09 | 2016-02-10 | 天津市医药集团有限公司 | A rheum officinale planting method and application thereof |
| CN107046997A (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2017-08-18 | 王元龙 | A kind of organic cultivation method of 5 years raw Rheum tanguticum Maxims |
| CN113906960A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2022-01-11 | 曲水县才纳乡国家现代农业示范区管理委员会 | Method for domesticating and planting rheum australe in plateau area |
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| CN1596574A (en) * | 2003-09-17 | 2005-03-23 | 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所 | Variety introduction cultivating method of rheum officinale plant |
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