CN102986405B - Planting technology of potato-rice multiple cropping mode - Google Patents
Planting technology of potato-rice multiple cropping mode Download PDFInfo
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- CN102986405B CN102986405B CN201210380515.XA CN201210380515A CN102986405B CN 102986405 B CN102986405 B CN 102986405B CN 201210380515 A CN201210380515 A CN 201210380515A CN 102986405 B CN102986405 B CN 102986405B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planting technology of potato-rice multiple cropping mode, and the technology comprises a potato no-tillage mulching technology and a rice cultivation technique. According to the invention, by soaking seeds with a Chinese herbal medicine solution, and spraying a broad-spectrum Chinese herbal medicine pesticide for prevention, diseases and pests of potatoes can be greatly reduced, the growth environment of potatoes is purified, the use of chemical pesticide is reduced, and the ecological environment is protected. The potatoes produced by the planting technology are good in product appearance, safe and pollution-free. The cultivation method is simple, has the advantages of low cost, high yield and the like, and is convenient to manage and suitable for large-scale cultivation.
Description
Technical field
Invention relates to arviculture technology, is specifically related to a kind of implantation methods of potato-paddy rice Multiple Cropping Patterns.
Technical field
The object of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming of traditional potato seed method for planting, a kind of implantation methods of potato-paddy rice Multiple Cropping Patterns is provided, improve output and the quality of potato.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
The implantation methods of potato-paddy rice Multiple Cropping Patterns, it comprises potato No-tillage Covering Technology and rice cultivating technique, detailed process is as follows:
(1) potato No-tillage Covering Technology
(1) potato seed is selected and is processed
Select good quality and high output, wide adaptability, disease resistance is strong, commodity is good toxicity-removing white potato kind, sowing is front according to potato block size, potato seed is cut into 2-6 piece, each piece must ensure 1-2 eye and monolithic focuses on 20-25g, by dividing the potato piece cutting to be placed in 200-300 times of Chinese herbal medicine fluid, soak 3-5min, after pulling out, spread out surface moisture is dried, with the ash potato of dressing seed, make potato seed tangent plane all evenly adhere to one deck ash;
(2) select the whole furrow in field
Select medium above, the irrigation and drainage of soil fertility plot easily, rice stub l5-20cm height during paddy rice harvesting, first draws furrow trench digging before sowing, the wide 1-1.5m of furrow, furrow width 20-25cm, ditch depth 15-20cm, the earth digging during trench digging is smashed to pieces and is evenly sprinkling upon on furrow face, and the large strawman work in field is rooted out;
(3) plantation, fertilising and covering
Be chosen in the fine weather sowing of late January to early Febuary, treated potato seed is directly placed on furrow face, every furrow pendulum kind of 3-4 is capable. line-spacing 25-30cm, spacing in the rows 30-40cm, every mu of sowing 4500-5000 strain, sow complete, mu is executed nitrogen phosphorus potassium Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 50-60kg, the pig cow dung 2000-3000kg becoming thoroughly decomposed, silkworm excrement 200-300kg, with straw, cover equably on furrow face afterwards, thickness is 8-9cm, cover again mulch film, carry out ditch cleaning simultaneously, the earth having dug in ditch is pressed on mulch film four limits equably, ditch cleaning in time between the pluvial period, draining prevention against water-logging,
(4) field management
Before 9 o'clock every mornings of seeding stage, carried out field examination, timely rupture of membranes, with anti-scald seedling, if table soil is dry, should water in time, in order to avoid impact is emerged, the fore-and-aft observing soil of emerging, the timely moisturizing of humidity deficit, 8-10d left and right Nitrogen Top Dressing after emerging, promote seedling tiller, execute Modified Urea 20-30kg or carbon ammonium 50-100kg for every mu, in squaring period, to extract in time bud, field to excessive growth trend, every mu with 10-15% paclobutrazol 20-25g, be watered 40-50kg spraying, control excessive growth, in whole vegetative period, every spray in 1-2 month, convert the wide spectrum Chinese herbal medicine pesticide of 300-400 times of water for one time, pre-preventing disease and pest,
(5) gather
Late May to early June gathers in the crops, and gathers and preferably selects fine day to carry out the morning;
(2) rice cultivating technique
(1) sowing
Select blast resisting, mid-early maturity kind that ripening rate is high, paddy seeds is after basking seeds, sorting seed by salt water, by seed soaking 24-36h in 500-600 times of Chinese herbal medicine fluid for seed, in late May, sow, every mu of 8-10kg of seeding quantity, seedling this than being 1:15-20, during sowing, must divide field quantitative, Precision Seeding is even to be broadcast;
(2) seedling
2 leaf l heart stages, seedling field on shallow water, mu is executed Modified Urea 3-5kg, potassium chloride 2-3kg, 4 leaf phases, the upper field of pouring water, after this rice seedling bed keeps shoaling layer, mu is executed Modified Urea 5-6kg, potassium chloride 3-4kg, 5 leaf phases, mu is executed Modified Urea 5-6kg, potassium chloride 5-6kg, in whole vegetative period, every spray in 5-7 days, convert the wide spectrum Chinese herbal medicine pesticide of 300-400 times of water for one time, pre-preventing disease and pest, after 20-25 days, cultivates plant height 15-20cm, the 2-3 root of tillering, the wide 5-6mm of stem, leaf color jade green, sturdy, the disease-free strong seedling of root system;
(3) transplant in good time
After potato is gathered and finishes. remove remaining mulch film, potato leaf, straw are turned over and buried, built plot surrounding ridge and be covered with black film, every mu execute carbonic hydroammonium 25-30kg, superphosphate 2O-25kg makes base manure, in ten days Mo mid-June, transplant, press this slotting kind of seeding row spacing 30cm * 30cm dense planting specification list, every mu of seedlings plugging 7000-8000 clump;
(4) field management
After transplanting, 6-7d fills with shallow water, with Modified Urea 5-8kg, mixing rice for every mu spreads fertilizer over the fields without careless 15-20g, at the beginning of early July and late July Mo, execute respectively Modified Urea 5-6kg, potassium chloride 7-8kg for every mu, after putting ground, take alternation of wetting and drying as main, cut front 8-10d and cut off the water supply, in whole vegetative period, every spray in 15-20 days, convert the wide spectrum Chinese herbal medicine pesticide of 300-400 times of water for one time, pre-preventing disease and pest;
(5) harvesting
Late October gathers in, rice stub l5-20cm height during harvesting.
Described Modified Urea is prepared by the following method: to adding the nano-sized carbon of 1-2% in urea, the sodium carboxymethylcellulose of the wintergreen of 3-4%, 1-2%, the sldium lauryl sulfate of the Silane coupling agent KH550 of 2-3%, 0.2-0.3%, be heated to after urea melting, be uniformly mixed and mix, then granulation obtains Modified Urea again.
Described Chinese herbal medicine fluid is by the raw material of following weight portion: 10-20 part cordate houttuynia, 10-15 part root of large-flowered skullcap, 10-20 part folium isatidis, 15-20 part garlic, 10-20 part frutus cnidii, 10-15 part climbing groundsel, 20-30 part tarragon, 10-20 part grassleaf sweetflag leaf are made through steps such as pulverizing, decoct, filter, be concentrated.
Described wide spectrum Chinese herbal medicine pesticide is by the raw material of following weight portion: 10-15 part Celastrus angulatus, 8-12 part stone-like omphalia, 10-20 part betel nut, 10-15 part stem pith of the rice-paper plant, 8-10 part banksia rose add decocting to boil, collect filtrate to be condensed into dried powder and to make.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The present invention is no-tillage, straw covers potato seed planting technology is easy, saving of labor, and peasant household is easy to accept, and output is high, without earth, insect pest, look gorgeous and of fine quality on potato piece.During results, can excavate ahead of time the potato piece that part is large and not affect the continued growth of potato later stage, economic benefit is higher.Cauline leaf, covering straw after potato is received and the fertilizer of using are turned over and are entirely also entered in soil afterwards, improved the also quality in field of organic matter, for the late rice growth of lower season provides sufficient organic fertilizer resource late rice grass, accomplished to go back again field after utilization (covering), improved the value of stalk.With two seasons all the Cropping Patterns of rice cultivation compare, coordinated preferably the contradiction in season of labour aspect, front stubble is compact and be independent of each other with the rear stubble sowing date.The rice field-upland field rotation in farmland in 1 year, potato can be planted for years, output do not subtract and potato piece without insect pest, morbidity alleviates, and has strengthened the anti-adversity ability of crops.
The present invention, by adopting Chinese herbal medicine fluid seed soaking, the prevention of wide spectrum Chinese herbal medicine pesticide to spray, can greatly reduce the damage by disease and insect of potato, has purified the growing environment of potato, has reduced the use of chemical pesticide, has protected ecotope.The potato product lover that the present invention plants out, safety nuisance free.The advantages such as cultivation method of the present invention is simple, has cost low, and yield is high, convenient management, are applicable to extensive cultivation.
Background technology
Tradition potato seed method for planting adopts and turns over, trench digging, whole ground, do furrow, sow, the operation such as fertilising, earthing, worker employed in a plant nursery is many, work efficiency is lower, in potato harvest, potato surface band soil is many, fragmentation is many, affects potato commodity rate.Non-tillage field straw mulching plant potato, after paddy rice harvesting, when potato is sowed season, under non-tillage field field, trench digging is done furrow, fertilising, stripping and slicing potato seed is placed directly on furrow face, with straw, covers, and coordinate suitable cultivation step, just can obtain the fresh potato output of higher potato, the operations such as while having saved sowing, worker employed in a plant nursery is more turns over, whole ground, saving of labor's abridged edition is remarkable, and high-yield and high-efficiency, convenient management, very suitablely applies in paddy rice producing region.
Embodiment
Embodiment
The implantation methods of potato-paddy rice Multiple Cropping Patterns, it comprises potato No-tillage Covering Technology and rice cultivating technique, detailed process is as follows:
(1) potato No-tillage Covering Technology
(1) potato seed is selected and is processed
Select good quality and high output, wide adaptability, disease resistance is strong, commodity is good toxicity-removing white potato kind, sowing is front according to potato block size, potato seed is cut into 2-6 piece, each piece must ensure 2 eyes and monolithic focuses on 25g, by dividing the potato piece cutting to be placed in 300 times of Chinese herbal medicine fluids, soak 4min, after pulling out, spread out surface moisture is dried, with the ash potato of dressing seed, make potato seed tangent plane all evenly adhere to one deck ash;
(2) select the whole furrow in field
Select medium above, the irrigation and drainage of soil fertility plot easily, rice stub l5-20cm height during paddy rice harvesting, first draws furrow trench digging before sowing, the wide 1.2m of furrow, furrow width 24cm, ditch depth 16cm, the earth digging during trench digging is smashed to pieces and is evenly sprinkling upon on furrow face, and the large strawman work in field is rooted out;
(3) plantation, fertilising and covering
Be chosen in the fine weather sowing of late January, treated potato seed is directly placed on furrow face, every furrow pendulum kind of 4 row. line-spacing 25cm, spacing in the rows 30cm, every mu of sowing 4800 strains, sow complete, pig cow dung 2500kg, silkworm excrement 250kg that mu is executed nitrogen phosphorus potassium Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 55kg, become thoroughly decomposed, with straw, cover equably on furrow face afterwards, thickness is 8cm, then covers mulch film, carry out ditch cleaning simultaneously, the earth having dug in ditch is pressed on mulch film four limits equably to ditch cleaning in time between the pluvial period, draining prevention against water-logging;
(4) field management
Before 9 o'clock every mornings of seeding stage, carried out field examination, timely rupture of membranes, with anti-scald seedling, if table soil is dry, should water in time, in order to avoid impact is emerged, the fore-and-aft observing soil of emerging, the timely moisturizing of humidity deficit, 8d left and right Nitrogen Top Dressing after emerging, promote seedling tiller, execute Modified Urea 30kg or carbon ammonium 80kg for every mu, in squaring period, to extract in time bud, field to excessive growth trend, every mu of use 5% paclobutrazol 25g, be watered 50kg spraying, control excessive growth, in whole vegetative period, every spray in 1 month, convert the wide spectrum Chinese herbal medicine pesticide of 400 times of water for one time, pre-preventing disease and pest,
(5) gather
Late May to early June gathers in the crops, and gathers and preferably selects fine day to carry out the morning;
(2) rice cultivating technique
(1) sowing
Select blast resisting, mid-early maturity kind that ripening rate is high, paddy seeds is after basking seeds, sorting seed by salt water, by the 32h that soaks seed in 500 times of Chinese herbal medicine fluids for seed, in late May, sow, every mu of 8kg of seeding quantity, seedling this than being 1:18, during sowing, must divide field quantitative, Precision Seeding is even to be broadcast;
(2) seedling
2 leaf l heart stages, seedling field on shallow water, mu is executed Modified Urea 4kg, potassium chloride 2kg, 4 leaf phases, the upper field of pouring water, after this rice seedling bed keeps shoaling layer, mu is executed Modified Urea 5kg, potassium chloride 3kg, 5 leaf phases, mu is executed Modified Urea 6kg, potassium chloride 5kg, in whole vegetative period, every spray in 6 days, convert the wide spectrum Chinese herbal medicine pesticide of 400 times of water for one time, pre-preventing disease and pest, after 22 days, cultivates plant height 18cm, tiller 3, the wide 5mm of stem, leaf color jade green, sturdy, the disease-free strong seedling of root system;
(3) transplant in good time
After potato is gathered and finishes. remove remaining mulch film, potato leaf, straw are turned over and buried, built plot surrounding ridge and be covered with black film, every mu execute carbonic hydroammonium 28kg, superphosphate 25kg makes base manure, in ten days Mo mid-June, transplant, this is inserted kind to press seeding row spacing 30cm * 30cm dense planting specification list, 7500 clumps of every mu of seedlings pluggings;
(4) field management
After transplanting, 7d fills with shallow water, with Modified Urea 6kg, mixing rice for every mu spreads fertilizer over the fields without careless 18g, at the beginning of early July and late July Mo, execute respectively Modified Urea 5kg, potassium chloride 7kg for every mu, after putting ground, take alternation of wetting and drying as main, cut front 9d and cut off the water supply, in whole vegetative period, every spray in 15 days, convert the wide spectrum Chinese herbal medicine pesticide of 400 times of water for one time, pre-preventing disease and pest;
(5) harvesting
Late October gathers in, rice stub l5-20cm height during harvesting.
Described Modified Urea is prepared by the following method: in urea, add 1% nano-sized carbon, 3% wintergreen, 1% sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 2% Silane coupling agent KH550,0.2% sldium lauryl sulfate, be heated to after urea melting, be uniformly mixed and mix, then granulation obtains Modified Urea again.
Described Chinese herbal medicine fluid is by the raw material of following weight portion: 18 portions of cordate houttuynias, 12 parts of roots of large-flowered skullcap, 16 portions of folium isatidiss, 18 portions of garlics, 20 parts of frutus cnidiis, 15 parts of climbing groundsels, 20 portions of tarragons, 12 parts of grassleaf sweetflag leafs are made through steps such as pulverizing, decoct, filter, be concentrated.
Described wide spectrum Chinese herbal medicine pesticide is by the raw material of following weight portion: 10 parts of Celastrus angulatus, 12 parts of stone-like omphalias, 16 portions of betel nuts, 12 portions of stem piths of the rice-paper plant, 8 parts of banksia rose add decocting to boil, collect filtrate to be condensed into dried powder and to make.
Utilize above-mentioned culture technique to compare with traditional planting technology, the present invention has following advantage:
Claims (1)
1. an implantation methods for potato-paddy rice Multiple Cropping Patterns, is characterized in that, it comprises potato No-tillage Covering Technology and rice cultivating technique, and detailed process is as follows:
(1) potato No-tillage Covering Technology
(1) potato seed is selected and is processed
Select good quality and high output, wide adaptability, disease resistance is strong, commodity is good toxicity-removing white potato kind, sowing is front according to potato block size, potato seed is cut into 2-6 piece, each piece must ensure 1-2 eye and monolithic focuses on 20-25g, by dividing the potato piece cutting to be placed in 200-300 times of Chinese herbal medicine fluid, soak 3-5 min, after pulling out, spread out surface moisture is dried, with the ash potato of dressing seed, make potato seed tangent plane all evenly adhere to one deck ash;
(2) select the whole furrow in field
Select medium above, the irrigation and drainage of soil fertility plot easily, rice stub l5-20 cm height during paddy rice harvesting, first draws furrow trench digging before sowing, the wide 1-1.5 m of furrow, furrow width 20-25cm, ditch depth 15-20cm, the earth digging during trench digging is smashed to pieces and is evenly sprinkling upon on furrow face, and the large strawman work in field is rooted out;
(3) plantation, fertilising and covering
Be chosen in the fine weather sowing of late January to early Febuary, treated potato seed is directly placed on furrow face, every furrow pendulum kind of 3-4 is capable, line-spacing 25-30 cm, spacing in the rows 30-40cm, every mu of sowing 4500-5000 strain, sow complete, mu is executed nitrogen phosphorus potassium Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 50-60 kg, the pig cow dung 2000-3000kg becoming thoroughly decomposed, silkworm excrement 200-300kg, with straw, cover equably on furrow face afterwards, thickness is 8-9 cm, cover again mulch film, carry out ditch cleaning simultaneously, the earth having dug in ditch is pressed on mulch film four limits equably, ditch cleaning in time between the pluvial period, draining prevention against water-logging,
(4) field management
Before 9 o'clock every mornings of seeding stage, carried out field examination, timely rupture of membranes, with anti-scald seedling, if table soil is dry, should water in time, in order to avoid impact is emerged, the fore-and-aft observing soil of emerging, the timely moisturizing of humidity deficit, 8-10d Nitrogen Top Dressing after emerging, promote seedling tiller, execute Modified Urea 20-30kg or carbon ammonium 50-100kg for every mu, in squaring period, to extract in time bud, field to excessive growth trend, every mu with 10-15% paclobutrazol 20-25g, be watered 40-50kg spraying, control excessive growth, in whole vegetative period, every spray in 1-2 month, convert the wide spectrum Chinese herbal medicine pesticide of 300-400 times of water for one time, pre-preventing disease and pest,
(5) gather
Late May to early June gathers in the crops, and gathers and preferably selects fine day to carry out the morning;
(2) rice cultivating technique
(1) sowing
Select blast resisting, mid-early maturity kind that ripening rate is high, paddy seeds is after basking seeds, sorting seed by salt water, by seed soaking 24-36h in 500-600 times of Chinese herbal medicine fluid for seed, in late May, sow, every mu of 8-10kg of seeding quantity, seedling this than being 1:15-20, during sowing, must divide field quantitative, Precision Seeding is even to be broadcast;
(2) seedling
2 leaf l heart stages, seedling field on shallow water, mu is executed Modified Urea 3-5 kg, potassium chloride 2-3 kg, 4 leaf phases, the upper field of pouring water, after this rice seedling bed keeps shoaling layer, mu is executed Modified Urea 5-6kg, potassium chloride 3-4kg, 5 leaf phases, mu is executed Modified Urea 5-6kg, potassium chloride 5-6kg, in whole vegetative period, every spray in 5-7 days, convert the wide spectrum Chinese herbal medicine pesticide of 300-400 times of water for one time, pre-preventing disease and pest, after 20-25 days, cultivates plant height 15-20cm, the 2-3 root of tillering, the wide 5-6mm of stem, leaf color jade green, sturdy, the disease-free strong seedling of root system;
(3) transplant in good time
After potato is gathered and finishes, remove remaining mulch film, potato leaf, straw are turned over and buried, built plot surrounding ridge and be covered with black film, every mu execute carbonic hydroammonium 25-30kg, superphosphate 2O-25kg makes base manure, in mid-June Mo, transplant, by seeding row spacing 30 cm * 30 cm dense planting specification lists, this is inserted and plants, every mu of seedlings plugging 7000-8000 clump;
(4) field management
After transplanting, 6-7d fills with shallow water, with Modified Urea 5-8kg, mixing rice for every mu spreads fertilizer over the fields without careless 15-20g, at the beginning of early July and late July Mo, execute respectively Modified Urea 5-6kg, potassium chloride 7-8kg for every mu, after putting ground, take alternation of wetting and drying as main, cut front 8-10d and cut off the water supply, in whole vegetative period, every spray in 15-20 days, convert the wide spectrum Chinese herbal medicine pesticide of 300-400 times of water for one time, pre-preventing disease and pest;
(5) harvesting
Late October gathers in, rice stub l5-20 cm height during harvesting;
Described Modified Urea is prepared by the following method: to adding the nano-sized carbon of 1-2% in urea, the sodium carboxymethylcellulose of the wintergreen of 3-4%, 1-2%, the sldium lauryl sulfate of the Silane coupling agent KH550 of 2-3%, 0.2-0.3%, be heated to after urea melting, be uniformly mixed and mix, then granulation obtains Modified Urea again;
Described Chinese herbal medicine fluid is by the raw material of following weight portion: 10-20 part cordate houttuynia, 10-15 part root of large-flowered skullcap, 10-20 part folium isatidis, 15-20 part garlic, 10-20 part frutus cnidii, 10-15 part climbing groundsel, 20-30 part tarragon, 10-20 part grassleaf sweetflag leaf are through pulverizing, decoction, filtration, concentration step and make;
Described wide spectrum Chinese herbal medicine pesticide is by the raw material of following weight portion: 10-15 part Celastrus angulatus, 8-12 part stone-like omphalia, 10-20 part betel nut, 10-15 part stem pith of the rice-paper plant, 8-10 part banksia rose add decocting to boil, collect filtrate to be condensed into dried powder and to make.
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