CN103797926B - Straw incorporation multiple cropping method in rice field-upland field rotation - Google Patents
Straw incorporation multiple cropping method in rice field-upland field rotation Download PDFInfo
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- CN103797926B CN103797926B CN201410046046.7A CN201410046046A CN103797926B CN 103797926 B CN103797926 B CN 103797926B CN 201410046046 A CN201410046046 A CN 201410046046A CN 103797926 B CN103797926 B CN 103797926B
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Abstract
The invention provides the method for straw incorporation multiple cropping in a kind of rice field-upland field rotation, comprise the following steps: through grain header harvesting paddy rice after paddy rice maturation, crushing straw field of tiling, a heatable brick bed shines corruption; Do not plough whole soil before winter crops sowing, fertilising, pushs straw aside, sowing; After planting, with front positioning type ditching soil thrower trench digging earthing lid fertilizer lid kind; Trench digging is poured water, keep flooding depth 15-20? draining after cm, waterflooding 3-5 hour; Final singling after winter crops emerges, retains seedling spacing 1-30cm; After winter crops maturation, results, crushed stalk is turned over also field, and after becoming thoroughly decomposed, pour water rice transplanting in whole field.The method also field on the spot, does not increase the amount of labour, avoids the air pollution that straw burning causes, and improves winter crops simultaneously and to emerge quality, be conducive to winter crops and early send out high yield.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for multiple cropping winter crops after a kind of straw incorporation, belong to agricultural production.
Background technology
Paddy rice and the winter crops such as rape, wheat more than a year season plantation are the important crop-planting systems of China, are mainly distributed in the Yangtze river basin, cultivated area about 13,000,000 hectares.The mode of this rice field-upland field rotation, can improve the air capacity of soils of soil, and increasing quantity and activity, the controlling disease weeds of edaphon, improve Second Year rice yield, is the measure of national food security important leverage.Current Yangtze river basin rice field-upland field rotation multiple cropping method is: autumn (autumn harvest) gathers in paddy, and paddy field changes and does dry land by corrugate dry field, burning straw, multiple cropping winter crops behind the whole field of rotary tillage; Summer (summer harvest) gathers in winter crops, after burning straw, and whole field rice transplanting of pouring water, rice cultivation.
Burning straw not only causes the wasting of resources, and causes air pollution.Thus country forbids straw burning, advocates straw-returning.But under rice field-upland field rotation multiple cropping conditions, rice straw also field difficulty is very large.Existing rice straw mulching also field mode goes out outside field by straw bundle, after rotary tillage whole field sowing winter crops again by rice straw mulching on earth's surface.This mulching and returning mode has soil moisture conservation and presses down the careless advantage of fostering and apply fertilizer, being conducive to succession crop growth; But need to drop into work too much, can not popularize.Another rice-straw returned to field is, during harvesting paddy rice, straw mechanical crushing is become 10-30cm segment, rotary tillage is buried and Tian Houzai raises winter crops.This straw chopping and returning mode is easy and simple to handle laborsaving; But change in drought (dry field) process at water, straw is dried, toughness is very strong, is easily wound around machinery, affects rotovator whole field quality, be unfavorable for that winter crops emerges; The also field because dry rice straw does not bury through becoming thoroughly decomposed simultaneously, affect crop root growth, rear stubble easily hangs and dies with rage seedling, is not also peasant's accreditation.These two kinds of rice-straw returned to field are all talk about stratagems on paper, and lack operability, cause the straw burning of the district of Yangtze river basin rice field-upland field rotation for many years to remain incessant after repeated prohibition.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide the method for multiple cropping winter crops after straw incorporation in a kind of rice field-upland field rotation, reach and effectively avoid the straw that burns, improvement soil, culture fertility, reduces applying quantity of chemical fertilizer, controls crop smothering and occurs, improve the object of crop yield.
The present invention realizes above-mentioned purpose like this:
1., gather in paddy rice with crop combine harvester after paddy rice maturation, rice straw is crushed to 3-5cm by harvesting limit, limit, tiling field, and keep improving straw mulching thickness 3-5cm, stay field rice stubble below height 30cm, a heatable brick bed shines 3-10 days;
2., do not plough whole soil before winter crops sowing, by base fertilizer composite fertilizer with 40-50 kilogram/often per muly evenly spread fertilizer over the fields field, push straw aside with rake, after pushing straw aside, by winter crops drilling on the null earth's surface pushing straw aside;
3., winter crops after planting, with front positioning type ditching soil thrower trench digging earthing lid fertilizer lid kind, furrow width is 18-25cm, ditch depth is 18-25cm, the railway carriage or compartment formed after trench digging is wide is 120-210cm, and the line-spacing that winter crops is sowed on railway carriage or compartment is 2-30cm, and the line-spacing that wherein wheat is sowed on railway carriage or compartment is 2-3cm; The line-spacing that rape, potato are sowed on railway carriage or compartment is 8-15cm; The line-spacing that brassicaceous vegetable is sowed on railway carriage or compartment is 20-28cm;
4., pour water after trench digging, keep flooding depth 15-20cm, draining after waterflooding 3-5 hour;
5., winter crops emerge after final singling, retain seedling spacing 1-30cm;
6., after winter crops maturation, results, crushed stalk is turned over also field, after becoming thoroughly decomposed, rice transplanting of pouring water all day.
Paddy rice maturation afterwards with semi-feeding type crop combine harvester harvesting paddy rice, harvesting limit, limit by rice straw cutting and grinding to 3-5cm, tiling field, keep improving straw mulching thickness 3-5cm, rice stubble stays field below height 30cm; Rice field a heatable brick bed shines after 3-10 days and base fertilizer is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields field, pushs straw aside with rake; Described rake 4-6 tooth, facewidth 2-4cm, the distance 20-30cm of tooth and between cog; After pushing straw aside, when not ploughing whole soil, by winter crops drilling on the null earth's surface pushing straw aside; After planting with front positioning type ditching soil thrower trench digging earthing lid fertilizer lid kind, furrow width is 18-25cm, and ditch depth is 18-25cm, and the railway carriage or compartment formed after trench digging is wide is 120-210cm, the line-spacing that winter crops is sowed on railway carriage or compartment is 2-30cm, and the line-spacing that wherein wheat is sowed on railway carriage or compartment is 2-3cm; The line-spacing that rape, potato are sowed on railway carriage or compartment is 8-15cm; The line-spacing that brassicaceous vegetable is sowed on railway carriage or compartment is 20-28cm; Pour water after trench digging, furrow irrigation, draining after flooding depth 15-20cm, waterflooding 3-5 hour; Final singling after emerging, rape stays seedling spacing in the rows to be 8-12cm, and brassicaceous vegetable stays seedling spacing in the rows to be 23-28cm, and wheat, potato spacing in the rows are 2-3cm.Rape wheat is ripe for summer, and with crop combine harvester harvesting, stalk is pulverized simultaneously, whole field rice transplanting of pouring water, rice cultivation.Brassicaceous vegetable, potato winter-spring season are manually gathered in the crops, and stalk is turned over also field, after becoming thoroughly decomposed summer rice cultivation.
The technical program adopts during paddy machinery results and is pulverized by straw, goes back field mode on the spot, does not increase the amount of labour, realize the whole mulching and returning of straw; The air pollution that burning straw causes can be avoided; Soil, culture fertility, minimizing applying quantity of chemical fertilizer can be improved; Effectively can control crop smothering to occur, reduce the consumption of chemical herbicide; Winter crops uses and does not plough bar broadcast mode simultaneously, can save mechanical work expense, improves quality of emerging, and is conducive to winter crops and early sends out high yield.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: multiple cropping rape or brassicaceous vegetable after straw incorporation
1, straw process (mechanical crushing is field also) during paddy rice harvesting.Paddy rice maturation is afterwards with semi-feeding type crop combine harvester harvesting paddy rice, and rice straw cutting and grinding are become the segment of 3-5cm by harvesting limit, limit, cover field, keep staying the rice stubble height in field to be less than 30cm.
2, the artificial essence amount drilling rape in whole soil or brassicaceous vegetable is not ploughed.Method is: rice field a heatable brick bed shine 5-7 days, ditching machine can go to the field operation time, base fertilizer is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields field; Push straw aside with wood rake, wood rake 4-6 tooth, facewidth 2-4cm, distance 20-30cm(and the rice stubble line-spacing of tooth and between cog are consistent); After pushing straw aside, then with seeder by rape or brassicaceous vegetable drilling on the null earth's surface pushing straw aside.
Described artificial essence amount bar broadcasting method is: at empty cola bottle cap centre drill 1 aperture, bore dia 1-2 millimeter, can allow seed freely pass through; With little iron wire, Coke bottle is fixed on two bamboo poles, the distance 23cm between bottle, fixes 4 or 6 bottles.The 3rd bamboo pole is vertically bound, again so that hand-held in the centre of two bamboo poles; During sowing, seed is filled with in bottle inlet, cover porose bottle cap, be inverted, walk while shake bamboo pole, seed is evenly fallen.
3, after planting process.After planting; with front positioning type ditching soil thrower (as the 1KSQ-25A type of Yangzhou Bao Hai Machinery Co., Ltd. production, the 1K-20 type of agricultural machinery popularization station, Zhongxiang City production) the fertile lid seed of earthing lid of ditching; keep furrow width 18cm; ditch depth 18cm; the railway carriage or compartment formed after trench digging is wide is 200cm; wherein the line-spacing of rape on railway carriage or compartment is 13-15cm, and the line-spacing of brassicaceous vegetable on railway carriage or compartment is 25-28cm.
4, pour water after trench digging.Furrow irrigation, flooding depth 18cm, waterflooding is draining after 3 hours.
5, final singling after emerging, density of reserved seedlings rape spacing in the rows 10cm, brassicaceous vegetable 25cm.
6, rape is ripe for summer, and with crop combine harvester harvesting, stalk is pulverized simultaneously, whole field rice transplanting of pouring water, rice cultivation.Brassicaceous vegetable winter-spring season is manually gathered in the crops, and stalk is turned over also field, after becoming thoroughly decomposed summer rice cultivation.
Embodiment 2: multiple cropping wheat after straw incorporation
1, straw process (mechanical crushing is field also) during paddy rice harvesting.Paddy rice maturation is afterwards with semi-feeding type crop combine harvester harvesting paddy rice, and rice straw cutting and grinding are become the segment of 3-5cm by harvesting limit, limit, cover field, keep staying the rice stubble height in field to be less than 30cm.
2, whole soil drilling wheat is not ploughed.Method is: rice field a heatable brick bed shine 5-7 days, ditching machine can go to the field operation time, base fertilizer is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields field; Push straw aside with wood rake, wood rake 4-6 tooth, facewidth 2-4cm, distance 20-30cm(and the rice stubble line-spacing of tooth and between cog are consistent); After pushing straw aside, by artificial for wheat drilling on the null earth's surface pushing straw aside, seeding quantity every mu 10 kilograms.
3, after planting process.After planting, with the fertile lid seed of front positioning type ditching soil thrower trench digging earthing lid, furrow width 20cm, ditch depth 15-20cm, the railway carriage or compartment formed after trench digging is wide is 150cm, and the line-spacing of wheat on railway carriage or compartment is 2-3cm.
4, pour water after trench digging.Furrow irrigation, flooding depth 18cm, waterflooding is draining after 3 hours.
5, wheat emerge after not thinning, keep sowing time density.
6, wheat is ripe for summer, and with crop combine harvester harvesting, stalk is pulverized simultaneously, whole field rice transplanting of pouring water, rice cultivation.
Embodiment 3: multiple cropping potato after straw incorporation
1, straw process (mechanical crushing is field also) during paddy rice harvesting.Paddy rice maturation is afterwards with semi-feeding type crop combine harvester harvesting paddy rice, and rice straw cutting and grinding are become the segment of 3-5cm by harvesting limit, limit, cover field, keep staying the rice stubble height in field to be less than 30cm.
2, whole soil drilling potato is not ploughed.Method is: rice field a heatable brick bed shine 5-7 days, ditching machine can go to the field operation time, base fertilizer is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields field; Push straw aside with wood rake, wood rake 4-6 tooth, facewidth 2-4cm, distance 20-30cm(and the rice stubble line-spacing of tooth and between cog are consistent); After pushing straw aside, seed potato is placed in and pushs aside on the null earth's surface of straw, spacing in the rows 10cm, then use the rice straw mulching potato seed of surrounding.
3, after planting process.After planting, fertile with front positioning type ditching soil thrower trench digging earthing lid, furrow width 24cm, ditch depth 24cm, the railway carriage or compartment formed after trench digging is wide is 180cm, and the line-spacing of potato on railway carriage or compartment is 8-10cm.
4, pour water after trench digging.Furrow irrigation, flooding depth 18cm, waterflooding is draining after 3 hours.
5, potato emerge after not thinning, keep sowing time density.
6, potato maturation is manually gathered in the crops afterwards, and stalk is turned over also field, after becoming thoroughly decomposed summer rice cultivation.
Claims (2)
1. a method for straw incorporation multiple cropping in rice field-upland field rotation, comprises the following steps:
1., gather in paddy rice with crop combine harvester after paddy rice maturation, rice straw is crushed to 3-5cm by harvesting limit, limit, tiling field, and keep improving straw mulching thickness 3-5cm, stay field rice stubble below height 30cm, a heatable brick bed shines 3-10 days;
2., do not plough whole soil before winter crops sowing, by base fertilizer composite fertilizer with 40-50 kilogram/often per muly evenly spread fertilizer over the fields field, push straw aside with rake, by winter crops drilling on the null earth's surface pushing straw aside;
3., winter crops after planting, with front positioning type ditching soil thrower trench digging earthing lid fertilizer lid kind, furrow width is 18-25cm, and ditch depth is 18-25cm, and the railway carriage or compartment formed after trench digging is wide is 120-210cm, and the line-spacing that winter crops is sowed on railway carriage or compartment is 2-30cm;
4., pour water after trench digging, keep flooding depth 15-20cm, draining after waterflooding 3-5 hour;
5., winter crops emerge after final singling, retain seedling spacing 1-30cm;
6., after winter crops maturation, results, crushed stalk is turned over also field, and after becoming thoroughly decomposed, pour water rice transplanting in whole field;
Described step 2., 3., 5., 6. described in multiple cropping winter crops be one in rape, wheat, potato or brassicaceous vegetable;
Described step 3. in, the line-spacing of wheat is 2-3cm; The line-spacing of rape, potato is 8-15cm; The line-spacing of brassicaceous vegetable is 20-28cm;
Described step 5. in, rape stays seedling spacing in the rows to be 8-12cm; Brassicaceous vegetable stays seedling spacing in the rows to be 23-28cm; Wheat, potato spacing in the rows are 2-3cm.
2. the method for straw incorporation multiple cropping in rice field-upland field rotation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 2. described in rake be 4-6 tooth, the facewidth is 2-4cm, and the distance of tooth and between cog is 20-30cm.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103999686A (en) * | 2014-06-17 | 2014-08-27 | 华南农业大学 | Method for controlling pomacea canaliculata by planting potatoes in winter vacant paddy field in winter |
| CN104855101B (en) * | 2015-05-19 | 2017-11-03 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | A kind of straw-returning and Wheat after rice implantation methods |
| CN105210618B (en) * | 2015-09-28 | 2018-09-11 | 天长市丰仓机械种植专业合作社 | A kind of rice stays no-tillage broadcasting method of high stubble wheat |
| CN105580630A (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2016-05-18 | 李和平 | Rape-grape double-cropping planting method in northern part of Shaanxi Province |
| CN106665223A (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2017-05-17 | 上海市农业科学院 | Method for paddy-upland rotation rice and vegetable planting |
| CN106961981A (en) * | 2017-04-12 | 2017-07-21 | 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所 | A kind of method that wheat, rape, potato crop rotation are cultivated |
| CN107125209B (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2021-03-12 | 上海市农业科学院 | Technical method for living ecological breeding and land fertility improvement of Shanghai earthworm in rice field |
| CN110915342B (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2022-06-10 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for preventing and controlling weeds in return farmland and promoting target population recovery and reconstruction |
| CN112586296B (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2022-02-25 | 华中农业大学 | Method for synchronously harvesting rice and sowing rape in rice-oil rotation area late rice field |
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