CN103999686A - Method for controlling pomacea canaliculata by planting potatoes in winter vacant paddy field in winter - Google Patents
Method for controlling pomacea canaliculata by planting potatoes in winter vacant paddy field in winter Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of prevention and treatment of invasive species in ecological agriculture, and particularly relates to a method for controlling pomacea canaliculata by planting potatoes in a winter vacant paddy field in winter. According to a research finding, by planting potatoes in the winter vacant paddy field in winter, the damage of the pomacea canaliculata to early rice in the coming year can be controlled, and the rice yields in the coming year can be improved. In accordance with the finding, the inventor establishes an annual crop rotation circulation production system of 'late rice-winter planted potatoes-early rice', by means of the production system, land can be fully utilized, prevention and treatment of the pomacea canaliculata can also be achieved, and thus ecological economical benefits can be improved ultimately.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ecological agriculture control Strategy of Alien Invasive Species field, be specifically related to a kind of method of utilizing winter-fallowed paddy field Winter potato to control Pomacea canaliculata.
Background technology
Pomacea canaliculata (
pomacea canaliculata), have another name called large bottle spiral shell, apple spiral shell, originate in South America Amazon River basin.Within 1981, as a kind of winkle, from Taiwan, introduce China mainland cultivation, in the cultivation upsurge of the eighties in 20th century, introduced a fine variety the ground such as Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Sichuan, Guizhou, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Jiangsu, even in Gansu and Liaoning, also there is raising, afterwards because food flavor is not good, the Pomacea canaliculata of being lost one's parents spreads rapidly, and now in south, most of provinces and regions are broken out and caused disaster, serious harm crop production.Under Pomacea canaliculata harm, the paddy rice underproduction is between 10% to 90%, and in addition, Pomacea canaliculata can also take food the aquatic crops such as lotus rhizome, wild rice stem, water caltrop, water spinach, Gorgon fruit.At present, Pomacea canaliculata has invaded 13 provinces of China (city), and the farmland that is injured surpasses 4,260,000 hm
2.In addition, Pomacea canaliculata be also angiostrongylus cantonensis (
angiostrongy luscantonensis) intermediate host, larger to human health damage.2003, State Environmental Protection Administration and the Chinese Academy of Sciences listed Pomacea canaliculata in " blacklist " of 16 kinds of Chinese alien species of first batch of invasion.
The method of at present relevant Pomacea canaliculata control has a lot, but topmostly still depend on chemical control, although some of them chemistry molluscicide has good preventive effect, large to the aquatic bio-toxicity in rice field, and easily causes ecological environment problem and agricultural product security problem; The long-term chemistry that uses is except spiral shell agent, and Pomacea canaliculata also can develop immunity to drugs, therefore there is significant limitation except in the practical application of spiral shell agent.Therefore, how to utilize the method for ecological cultivation to control and prevent and treat the occurrence and harm of Pomacea canaliculata imperative.
Summary of the invention
The present invention, in order to overcome the deficiency that in prior art, the anti-control techniques of Pomacea canaliculata exists, provides a kind of paddy rice field in winter slack Winter potato that utilizes to control the method that harm occurs Pomacea canaliculata.The method is by regional southern double cropping rice, utilize " field plantation in late rice-winter slack potato-early rice " this annual rice field-upland field rotation ecology regulation and control means to reach the object of killing the Pomacea canaliculata of surviving the winter, thereby the harm of minimizing Pomacea canaliculata in the coming year to paddy rice, to improve rice yield.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the application of winter-fallowed paddy field plantation potato in control Pomacea canaliculata.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is achieved by following scheme:
Control the method that Pomacea canaliculata occurs, comprise the steps:
S1. after late rice harvesting, the whole ground ridging of turning over, plants potato;
S2. after potato harvest, carry out level land, whole field, and potato haulm stalk is all turned over and gone back field, prepare early rice plantation.
The most areas of south China cropping system are double cropping system, have the field in winter slack of more than 200,000,000 mu, not only cause loss economically, also cause the waste of a large amount of land resources and energy.Because Pomacea canaliculata mainly concentrates in the dark soil layer of 0 ~ 5 cm in During Overwintering Period, therefore manpower or the machinery that winter slack, carried out in dry farming process in field are turned over and can directly Pomacea canaliculata be caused effectively and be killed and wounded; And turn over winter kind during liquid manure (comprising using of ash) management destroy the stability of the environment of surviving the winter of Pomacea canaliculata, make it more easily be subject to the invasion and attack of low temperature; Meanwhile, the rich water that in water and fertilizer management process, between furrow, filling " horse race water " forms can affect the Overwintering Survival Percentage of Pomacea canaliculata.The more important thing is that paddy rice and potato straw-returning decomposition object and potato root growth and secretion thereof can impact and endanger hibernation existence and the population growth in the coming year of Pomacea canaliculata.Therefore, at winter-fallowed paddy field, carry out the generating capacity that Winter potato can reduce rice field Pomacea canaliculata in the coming year, and winter-fallowed paddy field carries out winter kind perennial ryegrass, can not obviously reduce the generating capacity of rice field Pomacea canaliculata in the coming year.
The mid-early maturity Potato Cultivars of all applicable southern areas plantation can be suitable for needs of the present invention, and preferably, potato is the field period mid-early maturity kind of 90~105 days described in S1, and by the wrong strain sowing of " product " font, thickness of sowing is 4000~5500 plants/acre.More preferably, described Potato Cultivars is that 85-38, gold hat etc. are drawn in Favorita, Guangdong.
Pomacea canaliculata mainly concentrates in the dark soil layer of 0~5 cm in During Overwintering Period, and for mechanical disturbance and kill Pomacea canaliculata, preferably, while turning over described in S1 or S2, soil layer reaches 20~25 cm deeply, and makes soil block diameter be less than 3 cm.
Preferably, the fertilizer management of potato planting is: before plantation, use 50~100kg composite fertilizer and 100~150 kg ash as base manure for every mu, the later stage imposes composite fertilizer 3~5 times; The water management of potato planting is: when turn white in field soil surface, need pour water, pour water highly account for furrow high 1/3~1/2.
Preferably, whole ground ridging is described in S1: by 110 cm ditchings, play furrow, furrow face width 85~90 cm wherein, high 20~25 cm of furrow face, furrow width 20~25 cm between ridge.
During Winter potato, for protection against cold and freezing conditions, rice straw can be covered to ridge face, every mu of stalk consumption 300~400 kg, straw and ridge-direction parallelism, from beginning to end, two ends compacting.Between planting season, should be noted water and fertilizer management and ridging weeding.
Preferably, described in S1, late rice is the field period mid-early maturity kind of 90~100 days; Described in S2, early rice is 90~100 days mid-early maturity kinds resistant to lodging of field period.Preferred, described Varieties In Late Rice be Huang Huazhan, Guangdong perfume (or spice) account for, five excellent 308 etc., early rice varieties be that Guangdong perfume (or spice) accounts for, beautiful sesame oil accounts for, brilliant soft account for etc. of silver.Late rice is by the standard breeding of every mu of land for growing field crops 3 kg, seedling times approximately 20~30 d.The every cave of rice transplanting 4~5 seedlings, plant spacing 25 cm * 20 cm.350~400 kg chicken manures are pressed as base manure in every mu of ground; The Cultivate administration of early rice and late rice Cultivate administration method are basically identical.
The present invention finds by research, and Winter potato in winter-fallowed paddy field can reach and control the harm of Pomacea canaliculata to early rice in the coming year, and can improve rice yield in the coming year.According to this discovery, inventor has set up " late rice-Winter potato-early rice " annual crop rotation circulation production system, and the annual Production of Large Fields phase of this system was at 290~310 days.
The application of winter-fallowed paddy field plantation potato in control Pomacea canaliculata.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
The present invention finds by research, and Winter potato in winter-fallowed paddy field can reach and control the harm of Pomacea canaliculata to early rice in the coming year, and can improve rice yield in the coming year.Analyzing its concrete reason is: importantly, the decomposition object of paddy rice and potato straw-returning and potato root growth and secretion thereof can impact and endanger hibernation existence and the population growth in the coming year of Pomacea canaliculata; In addition, manpower or the machinery that winter slack, carried out in dry farming process in field are turned over and can directly to Pomacea canaliculata, be caused certain lethal effect; And turn over winter kind during water and fertilizer management destroy the stability of the environment of surviving the winter of Pomacea canaliculata, make it more easily be subject to the invasion and attack of low temperature; The rich water of filling with " horse race water " formation in water and fertilizer management process between furrow can affect the survival rate of Pomacea canaliculata.Therefore, at winter-fallowed paddy field, carrying out the generating capacity that Winter potato can reduce rice field Pomacea canaliculata in the coming year, thereby reduced the harm of Pomacea canaliculata to early rice, is a kind of effective means of preventing and treating angle control Pomacea canaliculata from the ecological agriculture, has also ensured grain security production.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1. late rice Pomacea canaliculata in latter stage density survey.
Fig. 2. early rice field Pomacea canaliculata becomes spiral shell dynamic change.
Fig. 3. early rice field Pomacea canaliculata children spiral shell dynamic change.
Fig. 4. the investigation of early rice output.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with Figure of description and specific embodiment, further describe the present invention.Unless stated otherwise, reagent, the equipment that the present invention adopts is the conventional reagent of the art and equipment.
embodiment 1
The research that the generation that field utilizes rice field-upland field rotation to control rice field Pomacea canaliculata morning in winter slack endangers.In teaching and scientific research base, Agricultural University Of South China Zengcheng, (113 ° 29 '-114 ° 0 of E ', 23 ° 5 '-23 ° 37 of N ') experimental field completes in this test.Test period is from year July in July, 2012 to 2013.
Test procedure is as follows:
1) adopt " late rice-Winter potato-early rice " annual crop rotation circulation production system, and " late rice-Dong kind perennial ryegrass-early rice " annual crop rotation circulation production system contrast experiment.
2) late rice seedling: for seed rice, kind is Huang Huazhan (rice 2005010 is examined in Guangdong), seedling times approximately 20~30 d according to the standard of every mu of land for growing field crops 3 kg.
3) fertilising rice transplanting: use 300 kg chicken manures as base manure, do not use chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals and weed killer herbicide in whole breeding time.The every cave of rice transplanting 4~5 seedlings, plant spacing 25 cm * 20 cm.
4) after late rice harvesting, the ridging of raking the soil level of turning over, plays furrow by 110 cm ditchings, furrow face width 85 ~ 90 cm wherein, high 20~25 cm of furrow face, furrow width 20~25 cm between ridge.The soil layer that require to guarantee to turn over reaches 20~25 cm deeply, and makes soil block diameter be less than 3 cm.
5) potato planting: potato (kind is Favorita) potato seed is carried out after stripping and slicing sterilization, and by the wrong strain sowing of " product " font, thickness of sowing is generally advisable with 4000~5500 plants/acre.Meanwhile, straw is covered to ridge face, every mu of consumption 300~400 kg, cladding thickness approximately 2~3 cm, straw and ridge-direction parallelism, from beginning to end, two ends compacting.Between planting season, should be noted water and fertilizer management and ridging weeding.Before Winter potato, use the composite fertilizer of 100 kg/ mus as base manure, the later stage 3 times to fertilize; , when " in vain " sent out on field soil surface, need pour water meanwhile, pour water highly account for furrow high 1/3~1/2.
6) carried out the contrast cultivation experiments of winter kind perennial ryegrass (kind is No. 3, An Gesi) simultaneously.Before sowing, top application foot water harrow stubble and is suitably turned over wholely over the ground, and seeding quantity is every mu of 1.5~2 kg, should be noted water and fertilizer management between planting season.Before early rice plantation, perennial ryegrass is turned over as green manure.
7) after potato harvest, the whole ground turned over, and by potato haulm stalk field also, prepare early rice plantation.
8) early rice plantation: basically identical with late rice Cultivate administration method.
Technology provided by the present invention can obviously reduce the generating capacity of rice field Pomacea canaliculata morning in the coming year, in field experiment, is verified.Before winter kind is processed, do winter slack field, Winter potato and the winter kind perennial ryegrass organize that Pomacea canaliculata becomes, young spiral shell density does not all have notable difference (Fig. 1); And after kind of the processing of passing the winter, Pomacea canaliculata becomes that spiral shell (shell high >=20 mm) density declines respectively 66.04%, 92.06%, 76.79%(Fig. 1, Fig. 2), young spiral shell (the high <20 mm of shell) density decline respectively 57.89%, 80.21%, 70.83%(Fig. 1, Fig. 3).Visible, Winter potato is processed can effectively control Pomacea canaliculata, and to becoming the control effect of spiral shell to be better than young spiral shell.
Winter potato can be obtained remarkable result on control Pomacea canaliculata, and has certain lasting effect.In whole early rice between planting season, the one-tenth spiral shell of Winter potato group Pomacea canaliculata and young spiral shell generation quantity are all obviously less than dry field group (Fig. 2 in winter slack, Fig. 3), winter slack field carry out ridging bedding pacifically the manpower in process turn over or machinery is turned over directly Pomacea canaliculata to be caused and rolled (rake fine earth earth makes soil block diameter be less than 3 cm) and kill and wound; And the water and fertilizer management during turn over disturbed soil and winter kind, potato harvest etc. have destroyed the survive the winter stability of dormancy environment of Pomacea canaliculata, make it more easily be subject to the invasion and attack of winter low temperature; Moreover the rich water of filling with " horse race water " formation in the process of topdressing between furrow stimulates can affect Pomacea canaliculata survival rate.Importantly, paddy rice and potato straw-returning decomposition object and potato root growth and secretion thereof can impact and endanger hibernation existence and the population growth in the coming year of Pomacea canaliculata.Meanwhile, Winter potato is obtained remarkable result (Fig. 4) to early rice output volume increase in the coming year, and its reason is because rice field-upland field rotation system ecology effect is obvious on the one hand, has the soil physical and chemical property of improvement, regulates soil fertility, improves the advantages such as system productivity; Be due to Winter potato, to have reduced the amount of Pomacea canaliculata in the coming year on the other hand, make paddy rice be subject to the degree of harm of Pomacea canaliculata relatively little, and then rice yield improve relatively.Although the winter, kind perennial ryegrass also can obviously improve rice yield (Fig. 4), but its effect of controlling Pomacea canaliculata is also not obvious, in whole early rice between planting season, except April 16 young spiral shell became spiral shell with April 25, one-tenth, the young spiral shell quantity of winter kind perennial ryegrass processing all with between dry field processing in winter slack (contrast) do not have notable difference (Fig. 2, Fig. 3).
embodiment 2
Utilize winter-fallowed paddy field Winter potato to control a method for Pomacea canaliculata, comprise the following steps:
1) late rice seedling: according to the standard of every mu of land for growing field crops 3 kg for seed rice (rice varieties is that Guangdong perfume (or spice) accounts for), seedling times approximately 30 d.
2) fertilising rice transplanting: use 300 kg chicken manures as base manure, do not use chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals and weed killer herbicide in whole breeding time.The every cave of rice transplanting 4 seedlings, plant spacing 25 cm * 20 cm.
3) after late rice harvesting, the ridging of raking the soil level of turning over, plays furrow by 110 cm ditchings, furrow face width 85cm wherein, high 20 cm of furrow face, furrow width 20 cm between ridge.The soil layer that require to guarantee to turn over reaches 20cm deeply, and makes soil block diameter be less than 3 cm.
4) potato planting: potato (kind is that 85-38 is drawn in Guangdong) potato seed is carried out after stripping and slicing sterilization, and by the wrong strain sowing of " product " font, thickness of sowing is generally advisable with 5500 plants/acre.Meanwhile, straw is covered to ridge face, every mu of consumption 400 kg, cladding thickness approximately 3 cm, straw and ridge-direction parallelism, from beginning to end, two ends compacting.Between planting season, should be noted water and fertilizer management and ridging weeding.Before Winter potato, use the composite fertilizer of 100 kg/ mus as base manure, the later stage 3 times to fertilize; , when " in vain " sent out on field soil surface, need pour water meanwhile, pour water highly account for furrow high 1/2.
5) after potato harvest, the whole ground turned over, and by potato haulm stalk field also, prepare early rice plantation.
6) early rice plantation: basically identical with late rice Cultivate administration method.
The present embodiment can obviously reduce the generating capacity of rice field Pomacea canaliculata morning in the coming year, in field experiment, is verified.Winter potato can be obtained remarkable result on control Pomacea canaliculata, and has certain lasting effect.In whole early rice, between planting season, the one-tenth spiral shell of Winter potato group Pomacea canaliculata and young spiral shell generation quantity are all obviously less than dry field group in winter slack.
embodiment 3
Utilize winter-fallowed paddy field Winter potato to control a method for Pomacea canaliculata, comprise the following steps:
1) late rice seedling: according to the standard of every mu of land for growing field crops 3 kg for seed rice (rice varieties is that beautiful sesame oil accounts for), seedling times approximately 25 d.
2) fertilising rice transplanting: use 300 kg chicken manures as base manure, do not use chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals and weed killer herbicide in whole breeding time.The every cave of rice transplanting 5 seedlings, plant spacing 25 cm * 20 cm.
3) after late rice harvesting, the ridging of raking the soil level of turning over, plays furrow by 110 cm ditchings, furrow face width 87cm wherein, high 23 cm of furrow face, furrow width 23 cm between ridge.The soil layer that require to guarantee to turn over reaches 23cm deeply, and makes soil block diameter be less than 3 cm.
4) potato planting: potato (kind is gold hat) potato seed is carried out after stripping and slicing sterilization, and by the wrong strain sowing of " product " font, thickness of sowing is generally advisable with 5000 plants/acre.Meanwhile, straw is covered to ridge face, every mu of consumption 400 kg, cladding thickness approximately 3 cm, straw and ridge-direction parallelism, from beginning to end, two ends compacting.Between planting season, should be noted water and fertilizer management and ridging weeding.Before Winter potato, use the composite fertilizer of 100 kg/ mus as base manure, the later stage 3 times to fertilize; , when " in vain " sent out on field soil surface, need pour water meanwhile, pour water highly account for furrow high 1/3.
5) after potato harvest, the whole ground turned over, and by potato haulm stalk field also, prepare early rice plantation.
6) early rice plantation: basically identical with late rice Cultivate administration method.
The present embodiment can obviously reduce the generating capacity of rice field Pomacea canaliculata morning in the coming year, in field experiment, is verified.Winter potato can be obtained remarkable result on control Pomacea canaliculata, and has certain lasting effect.In whole early rice, between planting season, the one-tenth spiral shell of Winter potato group Pomacea canaliculata and young spiral shell generation quantity are all obviously less than dry field group in winter slack.
Claims (7)
1. control the method that Pomacea canaliculata occurs, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
S1. after late rice harvesting, the whole ground ridging of turning over, plants potato;
S2. after potato harvest, the level land, whole field of turning over, and by the potato haulm stalk also field of all turning over, prepare early rice plantation.
2. control according to claim 1 the method that Pomacea canaliculata occurs, it is characterized in that, potato is the field period mid-early maturity kind of 90~105 days described in S1, and by the wrong strain sowing of " product " font, thickness of sowing is 4000~5500 plants/acre.
3. control according to claim 1 the method that Pomacea canaliculata occurs, it is characterized in that, while turning over described in S1 or S2, soil layer reaches 20~25 cm deeply, and makes soil block diameter be less than 3 cm.
4. control according to claim 1 the method that Pomacea canaliculata occurs, it is characterized in that, the fertilizer management of potato planting is: before plantation, use 50~100kg composite fertilizer and 100~150 kg ash as base manure for every mu, the later stage imposes composite fertilizer 3~5 times; The water management of potato planting is: when turn white in field soil surface, need pour water, pour water highly account for furrow high 1/3~1/2.
5. control according to claim 1 the method that Pomacea canaliculata occurs, it is characterized in that, whole ground ridging is described in S1: by 110 cm ditchings, play furrow, furrow face width 85~90 cm wherein, high 20~25 cm of furrow face, furrow width 20~25 cm between ridge.
6. control according to claim 1 the method that Pomacea canaliculata occurs, it is characterized in that, late rice is the field period mid-early maturity kind of 90~100 days described in S1; Described in S2, early rice is 90~100 days mid-early maturity kinds resistant to lodging of field period.
7. the application of winter-fallowed paddy field plantation potato in control Pomacea canaliculata.
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