CN106912348A - A kind of implantation methods of navel orange - Google Patents
A kind of implantation methods of navel orange Download PDFInfo
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- CN106912348A CN106912348A CN201710088701.9A CN201710088701A CN106912348A CN 106912348 A CN106912348 A CN 106912348A CN 201710088701 A CN201710088701 A CN 201710088701A CN 106912348 A CN106912348 A CN 106912348A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of implantation methods of navel orange, belongs to field of agricultural cultivation, specifically includes following steps：Selecting the soil for being adapted to navel orange growth first carries out site preparation, choose and water behind suitable navel orange seedling replanting to field field planting, apply in planting pit as self-prepared organic fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and base manure obtained in potash fertilizer before field planting, wherein described self-prepared organic fertilizer is obtained by mixed fermentation by clover, manioc waste, cottonseed cake, stalk, water hyacinth, snowpoppy, tobacco leaf bar, pond sludge, pig manure, decomposition agent, fertilizer is rationally applied according to the treelet age of tree, field management is carried out until fruit harvesting.Implantation methods proposed by the present invention can improve the percentage of fertile fruit of navel orange, save fertilizer, improve yield, and pre- disease prevention improves product nutritive value, it is adaptable to which large scale systemization is planted, and can be Planting household increasing both production and income.
Description
【Technical field】
The present invention relates to agricultural plantation technology field, and in particular to a kind of implantation methods of navel orange.
【Background technology】
Navel orange, rue mesh, Rutaceae evergreen dungarunga, navel orange is nutritious, containing all kinds of nutrition necessary to human body into
Part, it is breeding that countries in the world are competitively cultivated.The pulp of navel orange is delicate and crisp, and juice born of the same parents are orange-yellow, marshalling, the sweet acid of fruit juice
It is agreeable to the taste, it is with rich flavor, it is rich in fragrance, have functions that to promote the production of body fluid to quench thirst, appetizer under the gas.Contain fruit juice more than 55% in navel orange, it is edible
Up to 85%, solvable fluidity solid content is 14-16% to rate, containing sugared 10.5-2%, containing sour 0.8-0.9%, Gu 15-17 is compared in acid:
1, vitamin C is 0.47-0.64mg/100ml.Also contain a large amount of vitamin B complex elements, carrotene, trace element in navel orange
Deng, help to reduce cholesterol and blood fat, prevent gallbladder disease, decomposable asymmetric choice net fat helps to suppress the formation of carcinogen, subtracts
Rare non-ferrous metal and radioactive element are in people's cylinder accumulation, moreover it is possible to soften and protection blood vessel, stimulate circulation, beauty treatment of relieving inflammation or internal heat,
The possibility that reduction suffers from a heart complaint, can prevent scorbutic generation.
In sum, the popularizing planting of navel orange has economic worth and social effect higher.
At present, in planting process, some Planting households are planted only according to general plantation experience, often occur by
In low fruit yields, inferior phenomenon that mismanagement is caused, also in order to improve yield, protection fruit appearance, and make
With substantial amounts of chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals, so as to cause soil impaired serious, the nutrient deficiency of navel orange, mouthfeel are poor, it is impossible to full
The need for sufficient market.
【The content of the invention】
Goal of the invention of the invention is：For above-mentioned problem, there is provided a kind of implantation methods of navel orange, the method
The percentage of fertile fruit of navel orange can be improved, fertilizer is saved, yield is improved, pre- disease prevention improves product nutritive value, it is adaptable to extensive system
Systemization is planted, and can be Planting household increasing both production and income.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows：
A kind of implantation methods of navel orange, the implantation methods are comprised the following steps：
(1) site preparation：Field of the soil depth more than 30cm, the gradient less than 25 ° is selected, real tillage removes stone in soil,
Terracing is dug by contour, the width of the terraced fields is 2.8-3.0m；
(2) seedling is selected：Select the navel orange treelet of an age, no disease and pests harm, a diameter of 0.8-1.0cm of the treelet trunk,
Retain 2-3 branch on trunk；
(3) plant：The plantation spacing for using is 2.4-2.6m × 3.0-3.2m, and it is 72-74cm × 76-78cm to dig length and width depth
The planting pit of × 70-72cm, cladding thickness is the soil of 3-5cm after inserting base manure in planting pit, then by step (2) treelet
Transplant to planting pit center, righting back side of banketing proposes seedling field planting upwards, and earthing waters fixed to 15-20cm above ground level
Plant；
Wherein, the base manure includes self-prepared organic fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, is 72-75 according to the ratio of weight successively:
0.8-1.2:1.2-1.4:0.9-1.1 is mixed to prepare, total consumption 30-32kg/ plants of the base manure；
Wherein, the self-prepared organic fertilizer be by clover, manioc waste, cottonseed cake, stalk, water hyacinth, snowpoppy, tobacco leaf bar,
Pond sludge, pig manure, decomposition agent are obtained by mixed fermentation；
Wherein, the decomposition agent is mixed by sodium chloride, potassium breeze, magnesium sulfate, iron oxide, calcium phosphate, ammonium nitrate；
(4) apply fertilizer：Apply step (3) described base manure the 9-10 months once every year, every plant of usage amount is 25-28kg；Field planting first
Year, apply step (3) described self-prepared organic fertilizer once at interval of 18-20d, every plant of usage amount is 8-10kg；Field planting Second Year and the
3 years；Step (3) described base manure is applied at interval of 52-55d once, every plant of usage amount is 14-16kg；It is colonized the 4th year and the 4th year
After, applied step (3) described base manure once at interval of 3-4 month, every plant of usage amount is 16-20kg；Fertilization mode is：In scope
At 1-1.2 times of fruit tree crown diameter outer rim, the annular ditch that digging depth is 8-10cm, width is 10-15cm, in the annular ditch
Embedment fertilizer；
(5) manage：During planting the 1-3 of treelet, bud and young fruit are extractd, in the treelet row interplant clover；It is fixed
Plant the 4th year and after, remove the crop and weeds between fruit tree, carry out conventional field management until fruit harvesting.
Further, in step (1), the pH value in the field is 6.5-7.0.
Further, in step (3), the base manure is by self-prepared organic fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer according to 73:0.9:
1.3:1 mass ratio is mixed.
Further, in step (3), the self-prepared organic fertilizer by clover, manioc waste, cottonseed cake, stalk, water hyacinth,
Snowpoppy, tobacco leaf bar, pond sludge, pig manure, decomposition agent are according to 10-12:23-25:15-18:18-20:15-17:5-8:6-8:3-5:
10-12:The quality of 0.001-0.002 is made than mixed fermentation.
Further, in step (3), the decomposition agent by sodium chloride, potassium breeze, magnesium sulfate, iron oxide, calcium phosphate,
Ammonium nitrate is according to 2:2-3:2:1:1:2 mass ratio is mixed.
Further, in step (3), the self-prepared organic fertilizer is made by the following method：Raw material is collected, by blood
Pasture and water, tobacco leaf bar are cut into after 1-2cm segments after being put into water and soaking 15-20min, are filtered after the 30-35min that simmers in water, gained
Filtrate a is standby, and clover, cottonseed cake, stalk, water hyacinth be cut into 3-5cm segments, then with manioc waste, pond sludge, pig manure, decomposition agent,
Filtrate a is well mixed, heap fermentation, keeps the temperature in fertile heap at 40-45 DEG C in fermentation process, is obtained final product after fermentation 4-6d described
Self-prepared organic fertilizer.
It should be noted that self-prepared organic fertilizer selects clover, manioc waste, cottonseed cake, stalk, water hyacinth, blood in the present invention
Pasture and water, tobacco leaf bar, pond sludge, pig manure, decomposition agent after certain weight ratio mixed fermentation according to obtaining.Wherein, clover is and orange tree set
Plant and obtain, containing a large amount of benefit materials grown to orange tree in clover, the present invention not only efficiently utilizes soil using the resource of interplanting
Earth, also solves the handling problems of interplanting product, and obtained fertilizer can also improve the yield of navel orange；Snowpoppy, tobacco leaf bar have
Effect of disinfection and deinsectization, bacteria breed can be prevented added in self-prepared organic fertilizer, increase the safety in utilization of fertilizer, reduce plant
Insect pest rate；Contain a large amount of phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium element and various in clover, manioc waste, cottonseed cake, stalk, water hyacinth, pond sludge, pig manure
Organic composition, and the biological nature of these materials can also play chesson and the effect ventilated in soil；In addition, this hair
It is bright to also added the decomposition agent being made up of sodium chloride, potassium breeze, magnesium sulfate, iron oxide, calcium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, greatly accelerate
The conversion of the speed and nutrient of the decomposition of fertilizer, after the self-prepared organic fertilizer of gained is manured into soil, only soil does not increase organic matter
With the nutrient such as N P and K, further improve the physicochemical property of soil, promote the formation and conversion of agron and granule group,
Improve soil water-retaining performance and soil fertility, moreover it is possible to improve the resistance against diseases of plant, reduce the incidence of disease, make crop yield.
Relative to prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are：
In the present invention, will with clover, manioc waste, cottonseed cake, stalk, water hyacinth, snowpoppy, tobacco leaf bar, pond sludge, pig manure,
Decomposition agent is that self-prepared organic fertilizer obtained in raw material and nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer are arranged in pairs or groups the base manure being mixed by a certain percentage, can be
Navel orange plant strain growth provides fully comprehensive nutrient, while the structure and proterties of improved soil, increase soil fertility, may be used also
Play a part of certain disinfection and deinsectization, for the growth of navel orange provides excellent condition；In addition, the present invention is useless using crops
Gurry fermentation fertilizer processed, turns waste into wealth, and realizes rationally recycling for resource, it is to avoid the waste of resource, and reduce production cost.
Secondly, present invention selection selects fertile soil property, illumination and the good field of irrigation and drainage as planting site, is navel orange growth
Suitable environment is provided, in navel orange trees row interplant clover, clover is a kind of good green manure, alfalfa saponin conduct contained therein
The repellent of insect has special activity, has toxic action to insect and plant can be protected not to be destroyed, and interplanting clover has drive
Except effect of insect between orange tree；In addition, clover is alternatively arranged as one of raw material of fertilizer of orange tree, and navel orange garden interplanting green manure is also
Improved soil structure, the constantly improve soil organism and fertility can be played, chemical fertilizer input amount is reduced, prevented erosion, increased
Plus the water-retaining property of soil, the also effect of fertilizer conservation, drought resisting, field temperature is can also adjust, promote navel orange to maintain normal physiology to live
It is dynamic.
In a word, the overall implantation methods of navel orange proposed by the present invention can improve the percentage of fertile fruit of navel orange, save fertilizer, improve and produce
Amount, pre- disease prevention improves product nutritive value, it is adaptable to which large scale systemization is planted, and can be Planting household increasing both production and income.
【Specific embodiment】
Below by way of specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
A kind of implantation methods of navel orange, the implantation methods are comprised the following steps：
(1) site preparation：Select soil depth more than 30cm, the gradient less than 25 °, the field that pH value is 6.5, real tillage is removed
Stone in soil, terracing is dug by contour, and the width of the terraced fields is 2.8m；
(2) seedling is selected：Select the navel orange treelet of an age, no disease and pests harm, a diameter of 0.8-1.0cm of the treelet trunk,
Retain 2-3 branch on trunk；
(3) plant：The plantation spacing for using is 2.4m × 3.0m, and it is the field planting of 72cm × 76cm × 70cm to dig length and width depth
Cave, cladding thickness is the soil of 3-5cm after inserting base manure in planting pit, then by step (2) sapling transplanting to the field planting
Cave center, righting back banket side carry upwards seedling field planting, earthing to 15cm above ground level, field planting of watering；
Wherein, the base manure includes self-prepared organic fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, is 72 according to the ratio of weight successively:0.8:
1.2:0.9 is mixed to prepare, total consumption 30kg/ plants of the base manure；
The self-prepared organic fertilizer is by clover, manioc waste, cottonseed cake, stalk, water hyacinth, snowpoppy, tobacco leaf bar, pond sludge, pig
Excrement, decomposition agent are according to 10:23:15:18:15:5:6:3:10:0.001 mass ratio fermentation is made, and the preparation method is to collect
Raw material, snowpoppy, tobacco leaf bar is cut into after 1cm segments after being put into and soaking 15min in water, is filtered after the 30min that simmers in water, gained
Filtrate a is standby, and clover, cottonseed cake, stalk, water hyacinth be cut into 3cm segments, then with manioc waste, pond sludge, pig manure, decomposition agent, filter
Liquid a is well mixed, heap fermentation, and the temperature in fertile heap is kept in fermentation process at 40 DEG C, is obtained final product after fermentation 4d described from being formed with
Machine fertilizer；
Wherein, the decomposition agent by sodium chloride, potassium breeze, magnesium sulfate, iron oxide, calcium phosphate, ammonium nitrate according to 2:2:2:
1:1:2 mass ratio is mixed；
(4) apply fertilizer：Apply step (3) described base manure the 9-10 months once every year, every plant of usage amount is 25kg；Field planting First Year,
Step (3) described self-prepared organic fertilizer is applied at interval of 18-20d once, every plant of usage amount is 8kg；Field planting Second Year and the 3rd year；Often
Interval 52-55d applies step (3) described base manure once, and every plant of usage amount is 14kg；It is colonized after the 4th year and the 4th year, every
Step (3) described base manure was applied every 3-4 month once, every plant of usage amount is 16kg；Fertilization mode is：It is outside fruit tree crown diameter in scope
At edge, the annular ditch that digging depth is 8cm, width is 10cm imbeds fertilizer in the annular ditch；
(5) manage：During planting the 1-3 of treelet, bud and young fruit are extractd, in the treelet row interplant clover；It is fixed
Plant the 4th year and after, remove the crop and weeds between fruit tree, carry out conventional field management until fruit harvesting.
Embodiment 2
A kind of implantation methods of navel orange, the implantation methods are comprised the following steps：
(1) site preparation：Select soil depth more than 30cm, the gradient less than 25 °, the field that pH value is 7.0, real tillage is removed
Stone in soil, terracing is dug by contour, and the width of the terraced fields is 3.0m；
(2) seedling is selected：Select the navel orange treelet of an age, no disease and pests harm, a diameter of 0.8-1.0cm of the treelet trunk,
Retain 2-3 branch on trunk；
(3) plant：The plantation spacing for using is 2.6m × 3.2m, and it is the field planting of 74cm × 78cm × 72cm to dig length and width depth
Cave, cladding thickness is the soil of 5cm after inserting base manure in planting pit, then by step (2) sapling transplanting to the planting pit
Center, righting back banket side carry upwards seedling field planting, earthing to 20cm above ground level, field planting of watering；
Wherein, the base manure includes self-prepared organic fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, is 75 according to the ratio of weight successively:1.2:
1.4:1.1 are mixed to prepare, total consumption 32kg/ plants of the base manure；
The self-prepared organic fertilizer is by clover, manioc waste, cottonseed cake, stalk, water hyacinth, snowpoppy, tobacco leaf bar, pond sludge, pig
Excrement, decomposition agent are according to 12:25:18:20:17:8:8:5:12:0.002 mass ratio fermentation is made, and the preparation method is to collect
Raw material, snowpoppy, tobacco leaf bar is cut into after 2cm segments after being put into and soaking 20min in water, is filtered after the 35min that simmers in water, gained
Filtrate a is standby, and clover, cottonseed cake, stalk, water hyacinth be cut into 5cm segments, then with manioc waste, pond sludge, pig manure, decomposition agent, filter
Liquid a is well mixed, heap fermentation, and the temperature in fertile heap is kept in fermentation process at 45 DEG C, is obtained final product after fermentation 6d described from being formed with
Machine fertilizer；
Wherein, the decomposition agent by sodium chloride, potassium breeze, magnesium sulfate, iron oxide, calcium phosphate, ammonium nitrate according to 2:3:2:
1:1:2 mass ratio is mixed；
(4) apply fertilizer：Apply step (3) described base manure the 9-10 months once every year, every plant of usage amount is 28kg；Field planting First Year,
Step (3) described self-prepared organic fertilizer is applied at interval of 18-20d once, every plant of usage amount is 10kg；Field planting Second Year and the 3rd year；
Step (3) described base manure is applied at interval of 52-55d once, every plant of usage amount is 16kg；It is colonized after the 4th year and the 4th year, often
Step (3) described base manure is applied once in 3-4 month in interval, and every plant of usage amount is 20kg；Fertilization mode is：It is fruit tree crown diameter in scope
At 1.2 times of outer rim, the annular ditch that digging depth is 10cm, width is 15cm imbeds fertilizer in the annular ditch；
(5) manage：During planting the 1-3 of treelet, bud and young fruit are extractd, in the treelet row interplant clover；It is fixed
Plant the 4th year and after, remove the crop and weeds between fruit tree, carry out conventional field management until fruit harvesting.
Embodiment 3
A kind of implantation methods of navel orange, the implantation methods are comprised the following steps：
(1) site preparation：Select soil depth more than 30cm, the gradient less than 25 °, the field that pH value is 6.8, real tillage is removed
Stone in soil, terracing is dug by contour, and the width of the terraced fields is 2.9m；
(2) seedling is selected：Select the navel orange treelet of an age, no disease and pests harm, a diameter of 0.8-1.0cm of the treelet trunk,
Retain 2-3 branch on trunk；
(3) plant：The plantation spacing for using is 2.5m × 3.1m, and it is the field planting of 73cm × 77cm × 71cm to dig length and width depth
Cave, cladding thickness is the soil of 4cm after inserting base manure in planting pit, then by step (2) sapling transplanting to the planting pit
Center, righting back banket side carry upwards seedling field planting, earthing to 16cm above ground level, field planting of watering；
Wherein, the base manure includes self-prepared organic fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, is 73 according to the ratio of weight successively:0.9:
1.3:1 is mixed to prepare, total consumption 31kg/ plants of the base manure；
The self-prepared organic fertilizer is by clover, manioc waste, cottonseed cake, stalk, water hyacinth, snowpoppy, tobacco leaf bar, pond sludge, pig
Excrement, decomposition agent are according to 11:24:17:19:16:6:7:4:14:0.0015 mass ratio fermentation is made, and the preparation method is to receive
Collection raw material, snowpoppy, tobacco leaf bar is cut into after 1.5cm segments after being put into and soaking 16min in water, is filtered after the 31min that simmers in water,
A is standby for gained filtrate, and clover, cottonseed cake, stalk, water hyacinth be cut into 4cm segments, then with manioc waste, pond sludge, pig manure, urge corruption
Agent, filtrate a are well mixed, heap fermentation, and the temperature in fertile heap is kept in fermentation process at 42 DEG C, obtained final product after fermentation 5d it is described from
Organic fertilizer processed；
Wherein, the decomposition agent by sodium chloride, potassium breeze, magnesium sulfate, iron oxide, calcium phosphate, ammonium nitrate according to 2:2.5:
2:1:1:2 mass ratio is mixed；
(4) apply fertilizer：Apply step (3) described base manure the 9-10 months once every year, every plant of usage amount is 26kg；Field planting First Year,
Step (3) described self-prepared organic fertilizer is applied at interval of 18-20d once, every plant of usage amount is 9kg；Field planting Second Year and the 3rd year；Often
Interval 52-55d applies step (3) described base manure once, and every plant of usage amount is 15kg；It is colonized after the 4th year and the 4th year, every
Step (3) described base manure was applied every 3-4 month once, every plant of usage amount is 17kg；Fertilization mode is：It is outside fruit tree crown diameter in scope
At 1.1 times of edge, the annular ditch that digging depth is 9cm, width is 13cm imbeds fertilizer in the annular ditch；
(5) manage：During planting the 1-3 of treelet, bud and young fruit are extractd, in the treelet row interplant clover；It is fixed
Plant the 4th year and after, remove the crop and weeds between fruit tree, carry out conventional field management until fruit harvesting.
Comparative example 1
A kind of implantation methods of navel orange, the implantation methods are comprised the following steps：
(1) site preparation：Select soil depth more than 30cm, the gradient less than 25 °, the field that pH value is 6.8, real tillage is removed
Stone in soil, terracing is dug by contour, and the width of the terraced fields is 2.9m；
(2) seedling is selected：Select the navel orange treelet of an age, no disease and pests harm, a diameter of 0.8-1.0cm of the treelet trunk,
Retain 2-3 branch on trunk；
(3) plant：The plantation spacing for using is 2.5m × 3.1m, and it is the field planting of 73cm × 77cm × 71cm to dig length and width depth
Cave, cladding thickness is the soil of 4cm after inserting base manure in planting pit, then by step (2) sapling transplanting to the planting pit
Center, righting back banket side carry upwards seedling field planting, earthing to 16cm above ground level, field planting of watering；
Wherein, the base manure includes self-prepared organic fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, is 73 according to the ratio of weight successively:0.9:
1.3:1 is mixed to prepare, total consumption 31kg/ plants of the base manure；
The self-prepared organic fertilizer is by clover, manioc waste, cottonseed cake, stalk, water hyacinth, snowpoppy, tobacco leaf bar, pond sludge, pig
Excrement, decomposition agent are according to 11:24:17:19:16:6:7:4:14:0.0015 mass ratio fermentation is made, and the preparation method is to receive
Collection raw material, snowpoppy, tobacco leaf bar is cut into after 1.5cm segments after being put into and soaking 16min in water, is filtered after the 31min that simmers in water,
A is standby for gained filtrate, and clover, cottonseed cake, stalk, water hyacinth be cut into 4cm segments, then with manioc waste, pond sludge, pig manure, urge corruption
Agent, filtrate a are well mixed, heap fermentation, and the temperature in fertile heap is kept in fermentation process at 42 DEG C, obtained final product after fermentation 5d it is described from
Organic fertilizer processed；
Wherein, the decomposition agent by sodium chloride, potassium breeze, magnesium sulfate, iron oxide, calcium phosphate, ammonium nitrate according to 2:2.5:
2:1:1:2 mass ratio is mixed；
(4) apply fertilizer：Apply step (3) described base manure the 9-10 months once every year, every plant of usage amount is 26kg；Field planting First Year,
Step (3) described self-prepared organic fertilizer is applied at interval of 18-20d once, every plant of usage amount is 9kg；Field planting Second Year and the 3rd year；Often
Interval 52-55d applies step (3) described base manure once, and every plant of usage amount is 15kg；It is colonized after the 4th year and the 4th year, every
Step (3) described base manure was applied every 3-4 month once, every plant of usage amount is 17kg；Fertilization mode is：It is outside fruit tree crown diameter in scope
At 1.1 times of edge, the annular ditch that digging depth is 9cm, width is 13cm imbeds fertilizer in the annular ditch；
(5) manage：Conventional field management is carried out until fruit harvesting.
Comparative example 2
A kind of implantation methods of navel orange, the implantation methods are comprised the following steps：
(1) site preparation：Select soil depth more than 30cm, the gradient less than 25 °, the field that pH value is 6.8, real tillage is removed
Stone in soil, terracing is dug by contour, and the width of the terraced fields is 2.9m；
(2) seedling is selected：Select the navel orange treelet of an age, no disease and pests harm, a diameter of 0.8-1.0cm of the treelet trunk,
Retain 2-3 branch on trunk；
(3) plant：The plantation spacing for using is 2.5m × 3.1m, and it is the field planting of 73cm × 77cm × 71cm to dig length and width depth
Cave, cladding thickness is the soil of 4cm after inserting base manure in planting pit, then by step (2) sapling transplanting to the planting pit
Center, righting back banket side carry upwards seedling field planting, earthing to 16cm above ground level, field planting of watering；
Wherein, the base manure includes self-prepared organic fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, is 73 according to the ratio of weight successively:0.9:
1.3:1 is mixed to prepare, total consumption 31kg/ plants of the base manure；
The self-prepared organic fertilizer is by manioc waste, cottonseed cake, stalk, pig manure, decomposition agent according to 24:17:19:14:0.0015
Mass ratio fermentation be made, the preparation method is to collect raw material, and cottonseed cake, stalk be cut into 4cm segments, then with manioc waste,
Pig manure, decomposition agent are well mixed, heap fermentation, keep the temperature in fertile heap at 42 DEG C in fermentation process, and institute is obtained final product after fermentation 5d
State self-prepared organic fertilizer；
Wherein, the decomposition agent by sodium chloride, potassium breeze, magnesium sulfate, iron oxide, calcium phosphate, ammonium nitrate according to 2:2.5:
2:1:1:2 mass ratio is mixed；
(4) apply fertilizer：Apply step (3) described base manure the 9-10 months once every year, every plant of usage amount is 26kg；Field planting First Year,
Step (3) described self-prepared organic fertilizer is applied at interval of 18-20d once, every plant of usage amount is 9kg；Field planting Second Year and the 3rd year；Often
Interval 52-55d applies step (3) described base manure once, and every plant of usage amount is 15kg；It is colonized after the 4th year and the 4th year, every
Step (3) described base manure was applied every 3-4 month once, every plant of usage amount is 17kg；Fertilization mode is：It is outside fruit tree crown diameter in scope
At 1.1 times of edge, the annular ditch that digging depth is 9cm, width is 13cm imbeds fertilizer in the annular ditch；
(5) manage：Conventional field management is carried out until fruit harvesting.
Comparative example 3
A kind of implantation methods of navel orange, the implantation methods are comprised the following steps：
(1) site preparation：Select soil depth more than 30cm, the gradient less than 25 °, the field that pH value is 6.8, real tillage is removed
Stone in soil, terracing is dug by contour, and the width of the terraced fields is 2.9m；
(2) seedling is selected：Select the navel orange treelet of an age, no disease and pests harm, a diameter of 0.8-1.0cm of the treelet trunk,
Retain 2-3 branch on trunk；
(3) plant：The plantation spacing for using is 2.5m × 3.1m, and it is the field planting of 73cm × 77cm × 71cm to dig length and width depth
Cave, cladding thickness is the soil of 4cm after inserting base manure in planting pit, then by step (2) sapling transplanting to the planting pit
Center, righting back banket side carry upwards seedling field planting, earthing to 16cm above ground level, field planting of watering；
Wherein, the base manure includes self-prepared organic fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, is 73 according to the ratio of weight successively:0.9:
1.3:1 is mixed to prepare, total consumption 31kg/ plants of the base manure；
The self-prepared organic fertilizer is by manioc waste, cottonseed cake, stalk, pig manure according to 24:17:19:14 mass ratio fermentation system
Into the preparation method is to collect raw material, cottonseed cake, stalk is cut into 4cm segments, then be well mixed with manioc waste, pig manure, heap
Product fermentation, keeps the temperature in fertile heap at 42 DEG C in fermentation process, the self-prepared organic fertilizer is obtained final product after fermentation 5d；
(4) apply fertilizer：Apply step (3) described base manure the 9-10 months once every year, every plant of usage amount is 26kg；Field planting First Year,
Step (3) described self-prepared organic fertilizer is applied at interval of 18-20d once, every plant of usage amount is 9kg；Field planting Second Year and the 3rd year；Often
Interval 52-55d applies step (3) described base manure once, and every plant of usage amount is 15kg；It is colonized after the 4th year and the 4th year, every
Step (3) described base manure was applied every 3-4 month once, every plant of usage amount is 17kg；Fertilization mode is：It is outside fruit tree crown diameter in scope
At 1.1 times of edge, the annular ditch that digging depth is 9cm, width is 13cm imbeds fertilizer in the annular ditch；
(5) manage：Conventional field management is carried out until fruit harvesting.
Comparative example 4
A kind of implantation methods of navel orange, the implantation methods are comprised the following steps：
(1) site preparation：Select soil depth more than 30cm, the gradient less than 25 °, the field that pH value is 6.8, real tillage is removed
Stone in soil, terracing is dug by contour, and the width of the terraced fields is 2.9m；
(2) seedling is selected：Select the navel orange treelet of an age, no disease and pests harm, a diameter of 0.8-1.0cm of the treelet trunk,
Retain 2-3 branch on trunk；
(3) plant：The plantation spacing for using is 2.5m × 3.1m, and it is the field planting of 73cm × 77cm × 71cm to dig length and width depth
Cave, cladding thickness is the soil of 4cm after inserting base manure in planting pit, then by step (2) sapling transplanting to the planting pit
Center, righting back banket side carry upwards seedling field planting, earthing to 16cm above ground level, field planting of watering；
Wherein, the base manure includes self-prepared organic fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, is 73 according to the ratio of weight successively:0.9:
1.3:1 is mixed to prepare, total consumption 31kg/ plants of the base manure；
The self-prepared organic fertilizer is by manioc waste, cottonseed cake, stalk, pig manure according to 24:17:19:14 mass ratio fermentation system
Into the preparation method is to collect raw material, cottonseed cake, stalk is cut into 4cm segments, then be well mixed with manioc waste, pig manure, heap
Product fermentation, keeps the temperature in fertile heap at 42 DEG C in fermentation process, the self-prepared organic fertilizer is obtained final product after fermentation 5d；
(4) apply fertilizer：Annual to apply step (3) described base manure once at interval of 3-4 month, every plant of usage amount is 17kg；Fertilising
Mode is：At scope is for 1.1 times of fruit tree crown diameter outer rim, the annular ditch that digging depth is 9cm, width is 13cm, in the ring
Embedment fertilizer in shape ditch；
(5) manage：Conventional field management is carried out until fruit harvesting.
Experiment case study
California navel orange is equally divided into four groups by a large amount of field experiments by the inventive method, every group of three mu of plantation,
In the plantation of adjacent planting site point, gained fruit was collected in the 4th year picking time, record its average production situation and contain with nutrient
Amount, specific data are shown in Table 1；
The average production situation of table 1
| Per mu yield (kg) | Survival rate (%) | The incidence of disease (%) | Edible rate (%) | The solid thing (%) of solubility | |
| Embodiment 3 | 2125.3 | 99.3 | 2 | 80.2 | 15.1 |
| Comparative example 1 | 2059.5 | 98.6 | 6 | 79.2 | 14.7 |
| Comparative example 2 | 1854.4 | 96.7 | 10 | 76.8 | 13.8 |
| Comparative example 3 | 1654.9 | 94.7 | 14 | 75.4 | 13.5 |
| Comparative example 4 | 1554.9 | 93.3 | 16 | 74.7 | 13.2 |
From the results shown in Table 1, the navel orange for being obtained using the implantation methods of the embodiment of the present invention 3, its indices
Other comparative example groups are superior to, the yield of gained navel orange is higher, contained every nutriment more horn of plenty；Illustrate using the present invention
Implantation methods planted, the yield and quality of navel orange can be obviously improved.
Comparative example 1 is compared compared with embodiment 3, navel orange plant during, and be provided without interplant clover mode planted, its
His mode all same；Result causes per mu yield, survival rate reduction, and the incidence of disease is raised, and illustrates to interplant clover energy when navel orange is planted
Lower the fruit tree incidence of disease, improve treelet survival rate, rationally using soil, increase the economic benefit of orchard worker；
Comparative example 2 is compared compared with comparative example 1, and the raw material of self-prepared organic fertilizer used is using only manioc waste, cottonseed cake, stalk, pig
Excrement, decomposition agent, other modes all same；Cause per mu yield, survival rate reduction, other nutrients are also greatly reduced；Illustrate this
Invention self-prepared organic fertilizer can provide the nutrient of abundance, and making the yield of navel orange increases, and improve the survival rate of plant；May be used also simultaneously
Improve absorption of the plant to Nutrient Elements in Soil；
Comparative example 3 is compared compared with comparative example 2, and the raw material of self-prepared organic fertilizer used is using only manioc waste, cottonseed cake, stalk, pig
Excrement, other modes all same；Cause per mu yield, survival rate reduction, other nutrients are also greatly reduced；Illustrate present invention self-control
Decomposition agent used can greatly improve the degree of spoilage and speed of fertilizer in organic fertilizer, fully extract the nutrient in fertilizer, from
And greatly improve the yield and quality of fruit.
Comparative example 4 is compared compared with comparative example 3, and fertilization mode used is identical every year, other modes all same；Cause per mu yield
Amount, survival rate reduction, illustrate that rational fertilization mode of the invention can improve the yield of fruit, and the mesh of fertilizer is saved so as to reach
's.
Although above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments,
On the basis of the present invention, it can be made some modifications or improvements, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Cause
This, these modifications or improvements, belong to the scope of protection of present invention without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of implantation methods of navel orange, it is characterised in that the implantation methods are comprised the following steps：
(1) site preparation：Field of the soil depth more than 30cm, the gradient less than 25 ° is selected, real tillage removes stone in soil, by etc.
Line high digs terracing, and the width of the terraced fields is 2.8-3.0m；
(2) seedling is selected：The navel orange treelet of an age, no disease and pests harm is selected, a diameter of 0.8-1.0cm of the treelet trunk retains
2-3 branch on trunk；
(3) plant：The plantation spacing for using is 2.4-2.6m × 3.0-3.2m, dig length and width depths be 72-74cm × 76-78cm ×
The planting pit of 70-72cm, cladding thickness is the soil of 3-5cm after inserting base manure in planting pit, then step (2) treelet is moved
Plant to the planting pit center, righting back banket side carry upwards seedling field planting, earthing to 15-20cm above ground level, field planting of watering；
Wherein, the base manure includes self-prepared organic fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, is 72-75 according to the ratio of weight successively:0.8-
1.2:1.2-1.4:0.9-1.1 is mixed to prepare, total consumption 30-32kg/ plants of the base manure；
Wherein, the self-prepared organic fertilizer be by clover, manioc waste, cottonseed cake, stalk, water hyacinth, snowpoppy, tobacco leaf bar, pond sludge,
Pig manure, decomposition agent are obtained by mixed fermentation；
Wherein, the decomposition agent is mixed by sodium chloride, potassium breeze, magnesium sulfate, iron oxide, calcium phosphate, ammonium nitrate；
(4) apply fertilizer：Apply step (3) described base manure the 9-10 months once every year, every plant of usage amount is 25-28kg；Field planting First Year, often
Interval 18-20d applies step (3) described self-prepared organic fertilizer once, and every plant of usage amount is 8-10kg；Field planting Second Year and the 3rd year；
Step (3) described base manure is applied at interval of 52-55d once, every plant of usage amount is 14-16kg；It is colonized after the 4th year and the 4th year,
Step (3) described base manure was applied at interval of 3-4 month once, every plant of usage amount is 16-20kg；Fertilization mode is：It is fruit in scope
At 1-1.2 times of tree crown footpath outer rim, the annular ditch that digging depth is 8-10cm, width is 10-15cm is imbedded in the annular ditch
Fertilizer；
(5) manage：During planting the 1-3 of treelet, bud and young fruit are extractd, in the treelet row interplant clover；Field planting the
4 years and after, remove the crop and weeds between fruit tree, carry out conventional field management until fruit harvesting.
2. implantation methods of navel orange according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (1), the pH value in the field is
6.5-7.0。
3. implantation methods of navel orange according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (3), the base manure by being formed with certainly
Machine fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are according to 73:0.9:1.3:1 mass ratio is mixed.
4. implantation methods of navel orange according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (3), the self-prepared organic fertilizer by
Clover, manioc waste, cottonseed cake, stalk, water hyacinth, snowpoppy, tobacco leaf bar, pond sludge, pig manure, decomposition agent are according to 10-12:23-25:
15-18:18-20:15-17:5-8:6-8:3-5:10-12:The quality of 0.001-0.002 is made than mixed fermentation.
5. implantation methods of navel orange according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (3), the decomposition agent is by chlorination
Sodium, potassium breeze, magnesium sulfate, iron oxide, calcium phosphate, ammonium nitrate are according to 2:2-3:2:1:1:2 mass ratio is mixed.
6. implantation methods of navel orange according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (3), the self-prepared organic fertilizer leads to
Following methods are crossed to be made：Raw material is collected, snowpoppy, tobacco leaf bar is cut into be put into water after 1-2cm segments and is soaked 15-
After 20min, filtered after the 30-35min that simmers in water, a is standby for gained filtrate, and clover, cottonseed cake, stalk, water hyacinth are cut into 3-
5cm segments, then be well mixed with manioc waste, pond sludge, pig manure, decomposition agent, filtrate a, heap fermentation, fertile heap is kept in fermentation process
Interior temperature obtains final product the self-prepared organic fertilizer at 40-45 DEG C after fermentation 4-6d.
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Cited By (7)
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| CN107494137A (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2017-12-22 | 贵州中魁农业（集团）有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of navel orange |
| CN107743810A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-03-02 | 钟山县龙岛种养专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of navel orange |
| CN108496670A (en) * | 2018-03-07 | 2018-09-07 | 赣州市南康区俊萍果业发展有限公司 | A kind of red navel orange standardized planting technology of dragon time |
| CN108575481A (en) * | 2018-03-07 | 2018-09-28 | 赣州市南康区俊萍果业发展有限公司 | Dragon returns the red simple nontoxic seedling-raising technique of steelframe fly net of navel orange |
| CN110452033A (en) * | 2019-08-03 | 2019-11-15 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | A kind of tabacco straw fermentation liquid |
| CN112293137A (en) * | 2020-11-22 | 2021-02-02 | 石门紫和农业发展开发有限公司 | Citrus planting structure suitable for sightseeing and picking |
| CN114208571A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-03-22 | 晴隆县小橙故事农业发展有限公司 | Method for improving interplanting quality of blood orange and radix asparagi by utilizing environmental stress |
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| CN112293137A (en) * | 2020-11-22 | 2021-02-02 | 石门紫和农业发展开发有限公司 | Citrus planting structure suitable for sightseeing and picking |
| CN114208571A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-03-22 | 晴隆县小橙故事农业发展有限公司 | Method for improving interplanting quality of blood orange and radix asparagi by utilizing environmental stress |
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