CN105230454B - A kind of paddy field intercropping duckweed reduces Pomacea canaliculata to the method for rice hazard - Google Patents
A kind of paddy field intercropping duckweed reduces Pomacea canaliculata to the method for rice hazard Download PDFInfo
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- CN105230454B CN105230454B CN201510643530.2A CN201510643530A CN105230454B CN 105230454 B CN105230454 B CN 105230454B CN 201510643530 A CN201510643530 A CN 201510643530A CN 105230454 B CN105230454 B CN 105230454B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/60—Fishing; Aquaculture; Aquafarming
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Abstract
The present invention relates to ecological Control Technology field, a kind of specifically disclose the intercropping duckweed in rice field to reduce Pomacea canaliculata to rice hazard method；It is to transplant preceding 2~5 d in rice seedling to launch duckweed in rice field；The intercropping duckweed in herbicide application traps Pomacea canaliculata feeding by duckweed in situ, so as to reduce harm of the Pomacea canaliculata to rice seedling.Compared with prior art, the present invention, without using chemical molluscicide, thus is conducive to ensure agricultural product production and farmland ecological environment safety during reducing Pomacea canaliculata hazard rice, and field is easy to operate, convenient for practical popularization and application, apparent ecological benefits and economic benefit are finally generated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ecological Control Technology fields, reduce Pomacea canaliculata more particularly, to a kind of paddy field intercropping duckweed
To the method for rice hazard.
Background technique
Pomacea canaliculata (Pomacea canaliculata) originate in South America Amazon River basin, it is Perenniporia martius
The amphibious freshwater shellfish mollusk in area was introduced Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province as edible economic animal in 1981, and 80
Age is generalized to rapidly national more than 10 a provinces.Under the influence of marketization failure and the factors such as food flavor is bad, Pomacea canaliculata is cultivated
Family is lost one's parents, and because it has the features such as feeding habits are miscellaneous, adaptable, reproductive capacity is high, Pomacea canaliculata has intruded into 13, China province (city),
Aggrieved farmland is more than 30,000,000 mu, and only Guangdong Province has reached 8,000,000 mu at present.In addition, parasitizing the intracorporal Guangzhou pipe of Pomacea canaliculata
Strongylid (Angiostrongylus cantonensis) human body eosinophilic meningoencephalitis can be caused.2003, State Environmental Protection Administration
Pomacea canaliculata has been included in " blacklist " of 16 kinds of alien species of first batch of invasion China with the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
In face of Pomacea canaliculata in China caused by agricultural and ecological hazard, chemical molluscicide is as most of peasant's
First choice, is widely used in Pomacea canaliculata prevention and control, as a result result in extremely serious environmental pollution and bio-diversity decline with
And Food Security.In recent years, biological control is anti-as Pomacea canaliculata due to it has sustainability and potential ecological benefits
Has promising developing direction in prosecutor method.In biological control, some pairs of Pomacea canaliculatas have the plant of attractive effect that can also play
Important prevention and control effect.Duckweed (Lemna minor) fast aquatic floating plant rich in protein and amino acid is grown as one kind
Object, reproduction speed is fast, and being often born in the organic matters such as rice field, pond, ditch standing water abundant and Pomacea canaliculata has same life
There is growth in border in rice field in south China.For Pomacea canaliculata, since duckweed has better palatability than rice seedling,
And flourish speed is fast, therefore Pomacea canaliculata feeding can be trapped in rice field by duckweed, to reduce Pomacea canaliculata to rice
Harm, therefore, it is possible to carry out prevention and control in situ to the harm of Pomacea canaliculata by this Ecological technique measure, thus reduce or
The use for substituting chemical molluscicide is conducive to Ensuring Food Safety production and agroecological environment and Agricultural Biodiversity,
There are no Pomacea canaliculata is reduced using duckweed to the effective measures of rice hazard in the prior art.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome drawbacks described above of the existing technology, provide a kind of in rice field set
Feeding duckweed reduces Pomacea canaliculata to the method for rice hazard.
The purpose of the present invention is what is be achieved by the following technical programs:
A kind of paddy field intercropping duckweed reduces Pomacea canaliculata to the method for rice hazard, is transplant preceding 2~5 d in rice seedling
Duckweed is launched in rice field.
Duckweed is the bait of Pomacea canaliculata, is disclosed in rice seedling seedling stage in the prior art and adds duckweed in rice field and can be used as
A kind of expedient of Pomacea canaliculata hazard rice is prevented, however applicant is had found by lot of experiments, in rice seedling seedling stage
Duckweed is launched, Pomacea canaliculata is still more serious to the harm of rice shoot, and transplanting preceding 2~5 d dispensing duckweed in rice seedling can
Harm of the Pomacea canaliculata to rice is reduced to the greatest extent, this is because: launch duckweed in 2~5 d of rice seedling seedling stage, duckweed at this time
The degree of most suitable Pomacea canaliculata feeding is grown into rice field, in this way, after rice seedling transplanting, it is minimum to the harm of rice.
In addition, the water table management no less important after launching duckweed, in rice field, it is preferable that arrived after rice seedling transplanting
Rice productive tiller stage, water level is maintained at 1~5 cm in rice field, and Pomacea canaliculata is in stranded state in rice field at this time, is easy dead
It dies；And water layer it is excessively shallow when, Pomacea canaliculata, which is creeped, to be significantly restrained, so that it reduces the harm of rice.It is highly preferred that in rice field
Water level is maintained at 2~3 cm.
The effect of different rice varieties, the method slightly has difference, it is preferable that in the above method, the rice varieties
For Huang Huazhan, perfume (or spice) accounts for U.S., Huang Lizhan or Guangdong perfume (or spice) are accounted for.
Preferably, in the above method, the rice seedling transplanting age in days is 20~35 d, and rice shoot is more healthy and strong at this time, energy
It is enough to resist Pomacea canaliculata to a certain extent；It is highly preferred that affiliated rice varieties are Huang Huazhan, shoot transplanting equipment age in days is 25~30
d。
Preferably, in the above method, the injected volume of the duckweed is with spiral shell (general shell height >=20 mm or the body of growing up in rice field
Subject to the density of weight >=2 g), wherein when the density of adult spiral shell is 6~10/m2Rice field, the injected volume of duckweed is 80~
120g/m2, rice field water surface coverage rate is 50~75%；When the density of adult spiral shell is 1~5/m2Rice field, the injected volume of duckweed are 15
~50g/m2, rice field water surface coverage rate is 10~30%.
It is highly preferred that when the density of adult spiral shell is 6~10/m2When rice field, the injected volume of duckweed is 100 g/m2；Treat as
The density of year spiral shell is 1~5/m2Rice field, the injected volume of duckweed are 30 g/m2。
The duckweed is green duckweed, water velvet；For different types of duckweed, the dispensing date of duckweed is different,
Preferably, when the duckweed is green duckweed, preceding 2~4 d is transplanted in rice seedling and is launched in rice field；When the duckweed is
When water velvet, preceding 3~5 d is transplanted in rice seedling and is launched in rice field.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
The present invention provides a kind of paddy field intercropping duckweeds to reduce Pomacea canaliculata to the method for rice hazard, are in rice seedling
It transplants preceding 2~5 d and launches duckweed in rice field；The intercropping duckweed before rice seedling is transplanted passes through " symbiosis of rice duckweed " ecological agriculture
Industry technology mode carries out Diet shift and interference to reduce harm of the Pomacea canaliculata to rice seedling, to reach reduction or not make
The purpose of Pomacea canaliculata harm is controlled with chemical molluscicide.
In the rice field suitable duckweed of intercropping, on the one hand, duckweed is that Pomacea canaliculata is fond of plant, reduces Fu Shou to become
Spiral shell is to the substituted plant of rice hazard (i.e. as " trap " plant by the preferential feeding of Pomacea canaliculata), to form the " density of food
Redundancy " effect；On the other hand, the duckweed covering of certain density and low water level regulate and control on the water surface of field, are unfavorable for the fortune of Pomacea canaliculata
Dynamic and trophic behaviour, is subtracted so as to form " physical barriers " effect to Pomacea canaliculata hazard rice by the effect of these two aspects
Less and instead of chemical molluscicide use, ensured grain security and Environmental security.Meanwhile intercropping duckweed in rice field, sufficiently
The Temporal-Spatial Niche in rice field is utilized, and after rice field falls dry, rice harves, duckweed organism decayed rot after and become
Organic fertilizer enters soil, and then nutrient needed for supply paddy growth is used, and the method for the invention overcomes existing a large amount of uses
Environmental pollution and crop production safety problem caused by chemical molluscicide prevention and control Pomacea canaliculata technology have actual using valence
Value.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is harm of the Pomacea canaliculata to rice after 15 age in days rice intercropping duckweeds.
Fig. 2 is harm of the Pomacea canaliculata to rice after 30 age in days rice intercropping duckweeds.
Fig. 3 is harm of the Pomacea canaliculata to 30 age in days rice under the different duckweed release times.
Fig. 4 is harm of the Pomacea canaliculata to 15 ages in days (A) and 30 ages in days (B) rice under the conditions of different water levels.
Specific embodiment
The contents of the present invention are further illustrated with specific embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings of the specification, but should not be construed as to this
The limitation of invention.Without departing from the spirit and substance of the case in the present invention, to simple made by the method for the present invention, step or condition
Modifications or substitutions all belong to the scope of the present invention；Unless otherwise specified, technological means used in embodiment is art technology
Conventional means known to personnel.
Embodiment 1
The rice varieties that the present embodiment is chosen are Huang Huazhan (rice 2005010 is examined in Guangdong), and duckweed is the blueness of field rice field acquisition
Duckweed, test site are located at balcony outside agricultural college, Agricultural University Of South China room, in the plastics that specification is the cm × 36 of 77 cm × 50 cm
It is carried out in case, plastic box bottom is rice soil, and soil layer is 10 cm or so, about 5 cm of the depth of water.Rice seedling with 4 plants be 1 cave, often
Case is uniformly inserted into 9 cave rice shoots by the specification of the cm of 20 cm × 15.Test shares 6 chests, wherein 3 plastic boxes were in the transplanting same day
The fresh duckweed of 15 g is added, as processing group, in addition 3 are set as control group.Pomacea canaliculata 8 are put into each chest, shell is high by 15
~20 mm, 20~25 mm, 25~30 mm, each 2 of 30~35 mm.It is same daily from after the Pomacea canaliculata for launching above-mentioned quantity
One time counted rice seedling damage situations, and entire Culm of Rice, which is bitten broken, is denoted as death, and pilot survey continues 3 d.
Test result such as Fig. 1, when Pomacea canaliculata is introduced into the only herbicide application of Rice Cropping, especially rice seedling is special
Not young tender (15 d of age in days) when, only 22.2% rice shoot is not bitten after 1 d time, but when introducing suitable duckweed in rice field
Afterwards, part Pomacea canaliculata can select feeding duckweed, so that the aggrieved rate of rice be made to reduce, the Pomacea canaliculata of same specification is introduced into rice-
After 1 d of duckweed symbiotic environment, rice survival rate is 46.3%；When Pomacea canaliculata, which introduces the time, extends to 2 d, with and without duckweed, there are items
The survival rate of rice is respectively 27.8% and 4.6% under part, otherness reached significance (P< 0.05)；Rice general planting
After introducing 3 d of Pomacea canaliculata under mode, rice shoot is all fallen by spiral shell feeding, and survival rate drops to 0, hence it is evident that lower than having existing for duckweed
Reason (16.7%；P< 0.05).
When rice seedling transplanting age in days is changed to 30 d from 15 d, paddy growth obtains more " hale and hearty " at this time, deposits in Pomacea canaliculata
The aggrieved rate of rice under is substantially reduced, after the rice under rice routine single cropping mode is endangered 1 d by Pomacea canaliculata, survival rate
It is 79.6%；And the processing group of duckweed symbiosis is introduced, rice survival rate can be higher, reaches 91.7%；Either rice is routinely single
Under plantation or rice duckweed symbiotic environment, with the extension by the spiral shell evil time, the survival rate of rice is continued to decline；And introduce Fu Shou
After 3 d of spiral shell, the survival rate of rice is down to 60.2% under rice duckweed symbiosis, and is significantly higher than rice routine of the same period single cropping side
Formula (48.1%) (Fig. 2).
Embodiment 2
The rice varieties that the present embodiment is chosen are Huang Huazhan (rice 2005010 is examined in Guangdong), and duckweed is the acquisition of field rice field, test
Place is located at balcony outside agricultural college, Agricultural University Of South China room, carries out in the plastic box that specification is the cm × 36 of 77 cm × 50 cm,
Plastic box bottom is rice soil, and soil layer is 10 cm or so, about 5 cm of the depth of water.For rice seedling with 4 plants for 1 cave, every case presses 20 cm
The specification of × 15 cm is uniformly inserted into the rice shoot of 9 cave, 30 age in days.Test shares 12 chests, and each chest is thrown after transplanting rice
Enter Pomacea canaliculata 8, high 15~20 mm of shell, 20~25 mm, 25~30 mm, each 2 of 30~35 mm.It is to launch Pomacea canaliculata
Timing node, wherein the fresh duckweed of 15 g is added while launching Pomacea canaliculata in 3 plastic boxes, as processing group 1；Processing group 2
There are 3 chests with processing group 3, the fresh duckweed of 15 g is added after launching Pomacea canaliculata 1 d and 2 d；Other 3 are set as pair
According to group, it is added without duckweed always.From after the Pomacea canaliculata for launching above-mentioned quantity, statistics rice seedling of same time is damaged feelings daily
Condition, entire Culm of Rice, which is bitten broken, is denoted as death, and pilot survey continues 3 d, corresponding processing group 1, processing group 2 and processing group 3
Semilate rice-duckweed symbiosis duration is respectively 3 d, 2 d and 1 d.
Test result such as Fig. 3, when Pomacea canaliculata is introduced into the only herbicide application of 30 age in days Rice Croppings, the other nothing of Pomacea canaliculata
It selects, whole feeding rice, the survival rate of rice is down to 48.1% after 3 d, lower than the other 3 processing groups for launching duckweed；Work as rice
After Tanaka introduces suitable duckweed, because the palatability of duckweed is good, most of Pomacea canaliculata is partial to duckweed, to reduce Pomacea canaliculata
Harm to rice.Processing group 1, processing group 2 and processing group 3 after introducing 3 d of Pomacea canaliculata, the survival rate of rice seedling with
The shortening of rice-duckweed symbiosis time and the trend successively decreased is presented, be successively 60.19%, 57.14% and 53.70%.
Embodiment 3
The rice varieties that the present embodiment is chosen are that U.S. perfume (or spice) accounts for (rice 2006009 is examined in Guangdong), and it is big that test site is located at Agriculture In South China
It learns to farm balcony outside institute room, is carried out in the plastic box that specification is the cm × 13 of 38 cm × 27 cm, plastic box bottom is 5 cm deep
Rice soil, the depth of water are provided with 3 gradients, are respectively set to 0 cm, 2 cm, 5 cm.And choose 15 ages in days and 30 age in days rice shoots use
In experiment, the plastic box of different water levels is inserted into 120 plants of rice shoot of 15 ages in days or 30 ages in days.After rice is planted, 2 are put into every case
Only the Pomacea canaliculata of active same spiral shell grade, Pomacea canaliculata have chosen 3 spiral shell grades, are young spiral shell (high 10~15 mm of shell), middle spiral shell respectively
(high 15~20 mm of shell), at spiral shell (shell height > 20 mm).Different water depth, different days rice and different three factors of spiral shell grade Pomacea canaliculata
Between intersect, each counterpoise that handles has been answered 4 times, and different size Pomacea canaliculata is counted after 24 h under the conditions of different water depth to difference
The influence of age in days rice.
Test result increases (0~5 with the depth of water as shown in figure 4, at rice difference seedling age phase (15 ages in days and 30 ages in days)
Cm), rice is also more serious by feeding, but when not having water layer (0 cm) in rice field, harm of the different spiral shell grade Pomacea canaliculatas to rice
Not difference (P> 0.05)；Pomacea canaliculata individual is bigger (young spiral shell, middle spiral shell are at spiral shell), also bigger to rice food ingestion, at spiral shell to water
Rice food ingestion is maximum, be all remarkably higher than same time son's spiral shell to the harm of rice (P< 0.05).The seedling age of rice is smaller, Fu Shous at different levels
Spiral shell is bigger to its food ingestion, when the 5 cm depth of water for, 55.75 are reached to the harm amount of 15 age in days rice in 24 h at spiral shell
Strain, and to only 9.5 plants of the harm amount of 30 age in days rice.The result shows that: in the case where not influencing paddy growth, rice transplanting is got over
Evening, water layer are more shallow, and Pomacea canaliculata is to the harm of rice with regard to smaller.
Embodiment 4
A method of Pomacea canaliculata is reduced to rice hazard in paddy field intercropping duckweed, comprising the following steps:
(1) raising rice seedlings: prepare seed rice (rice varieties are that Guangdong perfume (or spice) accounts for), seedling time according to the standard of 3 kg of crop field per acre
About 30 d.
(2) fertilising application management: 300 kg chicken manures of application do not apply chemical fertilizer, molluscicide as base manure in entire breeding time
And herbicide.Control treatment is set simultaneously: rice routine single cropping mode (i.e. application chemical fertilizer and molluscicide).
(3) duckweed dispensing and shoot transplanting equipment: preceding 3 d is transplanted in rice seedling and launches duckweed, every m2Launch 80 g of duckweed.
(4) paddy field moisture management: to rice productive tiller stage after rice seedling transplanting, rice field water layer is maintained at 3 cm.
The present embodiment the result shows that, in rice field interplant duckweed can be substantially reduced Pomacea canaliculata to the harm journey of rice seedling
Degree.Rice seedling phase intercropping duckweed can obtain remarkable result on reducing Pomacea canaliculata harm, and have certain lasting effect.In water
To rice productive tiller stage after rice transplanting, it is conventional single that the rice seedling survival rate under paddy field intercropping duckweed mode is apparently higher than rice
One planting patterns.
Embodiment 5
A method of Pomacea canaliculata is reduced to rice hazard in paddy field intercropping duckweed, comprising the following steps:
(1) raising rice seedlings: prepare seed rice (rice varieties Huang Lizhan) according to the standard of 3 kg of crop field per acre, the seedling time
About 28 d.
(2) fertilising application management: 300 kg chicken manures of application do not apply chemical fertilizer, molluscicide as base manure in entire breeding time
And herbicide.Control treatment is set simultaneously: rice routine single cropping mode (i.e. application chemical fertilizer and molluscicide).
(3) duckweed dispensing and shoot transplanting equipment: 5 d launch duckweed, every m before rice transplanting2Launch 50 g of duckweed.
(4) paddy field moisture management: to rice productive tiller stage after rice transplanting, rice field water layer is maintained at 2 cm.
The present embodiment result also indicates that duckweed is interplanted in rice field can be substantially reduced harm of the Pomacea canaliculata to rice seedling
Degree.Rice seedling phase intercropping duckweed can obtain remarkable result on reducing Pomacea canaliculata harm, and have certain lasting effect.?
To rice productive tiller stage after rice transplanting, the rice seedling survival rate of paddy field intercropping duckweed processing group is apparently higher than rice routine
Single cropping mode.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of reduce Pomacea canaliculata to the method for rice hazard in paddy field intercropping duckweed, which is characterized in that moved in rice seedling
It plants preceding 2~5d and launches duckweed in rice field, the injected volume of duckweed is subject to the density of spiral shell of growing up in rice field, wherein when spiral shell of growing up
Density be 6~10/m2Rice field, the injected volume of duckweed are 80~120g/m2, rice field water surface coverage rate is 50%~75%；Treat as
The density of year spiral shell is 1~5/m2Rice field, the injected volume of duckweed are 15~50g/m2, rice field water surface coverage rate is 10%~30%；Institute
Stating rice seedling transplanting age in days is 20~35d；Rice productive tiller stage is arrived after rice seedling transplanting, water level is maintained in rice field
1~5cm；
The duckweed is green duckweed, water velvet；When the duckweed is green duckweed, preceding 2~4d is transplanted in rice in rice seedling
Tanaka launches；When the duckweed is water velvet, preceding 3~5d is transplanted in rice seedling and is launched in rice field.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein the adult spiral shell is general shell height >=25mm or weight >=2g
Pomacea canaliculata.
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| CN108094093A (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2018-06-01 | 中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所 | A kind of cultural method for improving rice field fish culture yield and quality |
| CN111109024A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-05-08 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Method and management system for reducing ammonia volatilization of rice field by utilizing duckweeds |
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