CN110583397A - Method for co-culturing rice and shrimp - Google Patents
Method for co-culturing rice and shrimp Download PDFInfo
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- CN110583397A CN110583397A CN201910948270.8A CN201910948270A CN110583397A CN 110583397 A CN110583397 A CN 110583397A CN 201910948270 A CN201910948270 A CN 201910948270A CN 110583397 A CN110583397 A CN 110583397A
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- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 241000238017 Astacoidea Species 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000498251 Hydrilla Species 0.000 claims description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003501 co-culture Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000005445 natural material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007850 degeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for co-culturing rice and shrimps, which comprises the steps of planting rice and culturing crayfish, and comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a rice field; (2) planting rice; (3) planting aquatic weeds; (4) putting the shrimp larvae; (5) feeding; (6) catching adult shrimps, feeding young shrimps and keeping parent shrimps; (7) managing the rice field; (8) draining water and harvesting rice; according to the method, through field transformation, according to the symbiotic complementation principle between the cultured animals and plants, the animals and plants are enabled to grow together in a certain culture space and area by utilizing a natural substance circulation system and corresponding culture technology and management measures, the symbiotic mode of rice and shrimp is completed, and the purposes of keeping ecological balance and improving culture benefit are achieved; achieve the purposes of mutual benefits and virtuous circle; the utilization rate of land and water resources is effectively improved, the social, economic and ecological benefits can be greatly improved, and the method is worthy of popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological breeding, in particular to a method for co-breeding rice and shrimps.
Background
With the development of society, the living standard of people is improved, the demand of food is increased day by day, and particularly, the love of crayfish is not reduced; the crayfish has the advantages of fast propagation, short breeding period, delicious meat, rich nutrition, large market demand, wide development prospect and high economic benefit, and is widely existed in freshwater in China; however, the water body is seriously polluted, so that the quality of the wild crayfish is seriously influenced; meanwhile, over-fishing of wild resources and laggard artificial breeding technologies cause the degeneration of germplasm resources and the reduction of yield. The method is characterized in that according to the principle of symbiotic complementation between cultured animals and plants, a substance circulation system in the nature is utilized, and the animals and plants can grow together in a certain culture space and region through corresponding culture techniques and management measures, so that the aims of keeping ecological balance and improving culture benefits are fulfilled. Therefore, a method for co-culturing rice and shrimps becomes a problem to be solved urgently in the whole society.
Disclosure of Invention
1. In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for co-cultivating rice and shrimp, including planting rice and breeding crayfish, comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a rice field: the method comprises the steps of selecting a rice field with sufficient water source, low topography and good water retention, having no pollution around, no dry in dry seasons, no flooding in rainy seasons and no siltation in soil, heightening and reinforcing ridges of the rice field, excavating annular shrimp culture ditches around the rice field to enable the heights of the ridges to be 1-1.5m higher than the plane of the rice field, the widths of the ridges to be 1.5-2m and the slopes to be 45-55 degrees, arranging water inlets and water outlets in the annular shrimp culture ditches, respectively arranging anti-escape devices on the water inlets and the water outlets, using calcium plastic plates or asbestos shingles with the heights of 60cm on the ridges around the rice field, and burying the lower ends of the calcium plastic plates or the asbestos shingles into the soil for 20 cm.
(2) And (3) rice planting: selecting rice varieties with thick stalks, lodging resistance, disease resistance, fertility resistance, vigorous growth in deep water and high yield, transplanting rice seedlings in a central rice planting area in the last ten days of 6 months, wherein the transplanting density is 60cm by 60cm, about 4000 plants per mu, and the water level is kept at 5-10 cm; controlling the water level of the central rice field to be 15-20cm at the early stage of tillering after the seedlings are planted for 2-3 weeks, gradually increasing the water level according to the plant height on the basis of the water level, and keeping the water level of the central rice field to be 45-50 cm at the booting stage of rice stem pulling on the premise that heart leaves cannot be submerged by the water level; keeping the water level of the central rice field at 55-80cm during the filling and maturing period of the rice;
(3) planting aquatic weeds: planting the Yile algae and the hydrilla verticillata in the shrimp culture ditch, wherein the coverage rate is 25% -30%, and the water peanuts are planted around the inner side of the ridge; injecting water into the shrimp culture ditch, adding water with the depth of 40-50cm, and increasing the water level to be 15-20cm higher than the field surface along with the growth of the Yilezao;
(4) and (3) putting the shrimp larvae: when the shrimp culture ditch is put in, the water level of the shrimp culture ditch is not higher than the planting area of the central rice field, so that all shrimp seedlings enter the surrounding ditch; putting 12000-16000-tailed 1.2-1.5cm shrimp seedlings into the shrimp culturing ditch according to each mu, selecting strong, strong and complete appendages for the shrimp seedlings, sterilizing the shrimp seedlings when the shrimp seedlings are put, and soaking the shrimp seedlings in 4% light salt water for 5 minutes;
(5) feeding: feeding is started after 3 days of stocking, and the crayfish is fed with the special feed once a day, wherein the feeding amount of each time is 2 percent of the total weight of the crayfish body; when the temperature is higher than 20 ℃, the shrimp bodies are thrown once in the morning and afternoon respectively, and the throwing amount is 1.5 percent of the total weight of the shrimp bodies;
(6) catching adult shrimps, feeding young shrimps and keeping parent shrimps: catching adult shrimps: adult shrimps are fished through a ground cage, and the first fishing time is started from the middle of 4 months to the end of the last 6 months; the second fishing time is finished from the last ten days of 8 months to the bottom of 9 months;
feeding young shrimps: after the first fishing is finished, supplementing 3000 tails of 2000-3000 young shrimps of 3-4cm per mu;
and (4) retention of the parent shrimps: during the second fishing period, the large shrimps are caught in the early stage and the small shrimps are left in the later stage, and the field storage amount of the parent shrimps is not less than 15kg per mu;
(7) and (3) rice field management: fertilizing: applying 12-15kg of pure nitrogen fertilizer, 6-7kg of phosphate fertilizer and 8-10kg of potash fertilizer per mu of total fertilizer, and strictly forbidding using the fertilizer harmful to crayfish;
topdressing: applying a topdressing green-turning tillering fertilizer in a rice green-turning and tillering stage and applying a booting fertilizer in a booting stage;
preventing and controlling diseases of rice pests;
(8) draining water and harvesting rice: when the paddy field drains, the water level of the paddy field is quickly reduced to 5-10cm above the paddy field, then the paddy field drains slowly, and finally the water level in the shrimp culturing ditch is kept at 10-15cm, and the paddy rice can be harvested.
Further, the content of the protein of the special feed for crayfish is 25% -30%.
Further, after the rice field is transformed, water is injected into the shrimp culture ditch, fertilizer is applied, and the fertilizer is 20-30kg of biological organic fertilizer per mu.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: according to the method, through field transformation, according to the symbiotic complementation principle between the cultured animals and plants, the animals and plants are enabled to grow together in a certain culture space and area by utilizing a natural substance circulation system and corresponding culture technology and management measures, the symbiotic mode of rice and shrimp is completed, and the purposes of keeping ecological balance and improving culture benefit are achieved; achieve the purposes of mutual benefits and virtuous circle; the utilization rate of land and water resources is effectively improved, the social, economic and ecological benefits can be greatly improved, and the method is worthy of popularization.
Detailed Description
2. Example 1: a method for co-culturing rice and shrimps comprises the steps of planting rice and culturing crayfish, and comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a rice field: the method comprises the steps of selecting a rice field with sufficient water source, low topography and good water retention, having no pollution around, no dry in dry seasons, no flooding in rainy seasons and no siltation in soil, heightening and reinforcing ridges of the rice field, excavating annular shrimp culture ditches around the rice field to enable the heights of the ridges to be 1-1.5m higher than the plane of the rice field, the widths of the ridges to be 1.5-2m and the slopes to be 45-55 degrees, arranging water inlets and water outlets in the annular shrimp culture ditches, respectively arranging anti-escape devices on the water inlets and the water outlets, using calcium plastic plates or asbestos shingles with the heights of 60cm on the ridges around the rice field, and burying the lower ends of the calcium plastic plates or the asbestos shingles into the soil for 20 cm.
(2) And (3) rice planting: selecting rice varieties with thick stalks, lodging resistance, disease resistance, fertility resistance, vigorous growth in deep water and high yield, transplanting rice seedlings in a central rice planting area in the last ten days of 6 months, wherein the transplanting density is 60cm by 60cm, about 4000 plants per mu, and the water level is kept at 5-10 cm; controlling the water level of the central rice field to be 15-20cm at the early stage of tillering after the seedlings are planted for 2-3 weeks, gradually increasing the water level according to the plant height on the basis of the water level, and keeping the water level of the central rice field to be 45-50 cm at the booting stage of rice stem pulling on the premise that heart leaves cannot be submerged by the water level; keeping the water level of the central rice field at 55-80cm during the filling and maturing period of the rice;
(3) planting aquatic weeds: planting the Yile algae and the hydrilla verticillata in the shrimp culture ditch, wherein the coverage rate is 25% -30%, and the water peanuts are planted around the inner side of the ridge; injecting water into the shrimp culture ditch, adding water with the depth of 40-50cm, and increasing the water level to be 15-20cm higher than the field surface along with the growth of the Yilezao;
(4) and (3) putting the shrimp larvae: when the shrimp culture ditch is put in, the water level of the shrimp culture ditch is not higher than the planting area of the central rice field, so that all shrimp seedlings enter the surrounding ditch; putting 12000-16000-tailed 1.2-1.5cm shrimp seedlings into the shrimp culturing ditch according to each mu, selecting strong, strong and complete appendages for the shrimp seedlings, sterilizing the shrimp seedlings when the shrimp seedlings are put, and soaking the shrimp seedlings in 4% light salt water for 5 minutes;
(5) feeding: feeding is started after 3 days of stocking, and the crayfish is fed with the special feed once a day, wherein the feeding amount of each time is 2 percent of the total weight of the crayfish body; when the temperature is higher than 20 ℃, the shrimp bodies are thrown once in the morning and afternoon respectively, and the throwing amount is 1.5 percent of the total weight of the shrimp bodies;
(6) catching adult shrimps, feeding young shrimps and keeping parent shrimps: catching adult shrimps: adult shrimps are fished through a ground cage, and the first fishing time is started from the middle of 4 months to the end of the last 6 months; the second fishing time is finished from the last ten days of 8 months to the bottom of 9 months;
feeding young shrimps: after the first fishing is finished, supplementing 3000 tails of 2000-3000 young shrimps of 3-4cm per mu;
and (4) retention of the parent shrimps: during the second fishing period, the large shrimps are caught in the early stage and the small shrimps are left in the later stage, and the field storage amount of the parent shrimps is not less than 15kg per mu;
(7) and (3) rice field management: fertilizing: applying 12-15kg of pure nitrogen fertilizer, 6-7kg of phosphate fertilizer and 8-10kg of potash fertilizer per mu of total fertilizer, and strictly forbidding using the fertilizer harmful to crayfish;
topdressing: applying a topdressing green-turning tillering fertilizer in a rice green-turning and tillering stage and applying a booting fertilizer in a booting stage;
preventing and controlling diseases of rice pests;
(8) draining water and harvesting rice: when the paddy field drains, the water level of the paddy field is quickly reduced to 5-10cm above the paddy field, then the paddy field drains slowly, and finally the water level in the shrimp culturing ditch is kept at 10-15cm, and the paddy rice can be harvested.
According to the method, through field transformation, according to the symbiotic complementation principle between the cultured animals and plants, the animals and plants are enabled to grow together in a certain culture space and area by utilizing a natural substance circulation system and corresponding culture technology and management measures, the symbiotic mode of rice and shrimp is completed, and the purposes of keeping ecological balance and improving culture benefit are achieved; achieve the purposes of mutual benefits and virtuous circle; the utilization rate of land and water resources is effectively improved, the social, economic and ecological benefits can be greatly improved, and the method is worthy of popularization.
Having thus described the basic principles and principal features of the invention, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited by the embodiments described above, which are given by way of illustration only, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (3)
1. A method for co-culturing rice and shrimps comprises the steps of planting rice and culturing crayfish, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a rice field: the method comprises the steps of selecting a rice field with sufficient water source, low topography and good water retention, having no pollution around, no dry in dry seasons, no flooding in rainy seasons and no siltation in soil, heightening and reinforcing ridges of the rice field, excavating annular shrimp culture ditches around the rice field to enable the heights of the ridges to be 1-1.5m higher than the plane of the rice field, the widths of the ridges to be 1.5-2m and the slopes to be 45-55 degrees, arranging water inlets and water outlets in the annular shrimp culture ditches, respectively arranging anti-escape devices on the water inlets and the water outlets, using calcium plastic plates or asbestos shingles with the heights of 60cm on the ridges around the rice field, and burying the lower ends of the calcium plastic plates or the asbestos shingles into the soil for 20 cm.
(2) And (3) rice planting: selecting rice varieties with thick stalks, lodging resistance, disease resistance, fertility resistance, vigorous growth in deep water and high yield, transplanting rice seedlings in a central rice planting area in the last ten days of 6 months, wherein the transplanting density is 60cm by 60cm, about 4000 plants per mu, and the water level is kept at 5-10 cm; controlling the water level of the central rice field to be 15-20cm at the early stage of tillering after the seedlings are planted for 2-3 weeks, gradually increasing the water level according to the plant height on the basis of the water level, and keeping the water level of the central rice field to be 45-50 cm at the booting stage of rice stem pulling on the premise that heart leaves cannot be submerged by the water level; keeping the water level of the central rice field at 55-80cm during the filling and maturing period of the rice;
(3) planting aquatic weeds: planting the Yile algae and the hydrilla verticillata in the shrimp culture ditch, wherein the coverage rate is 25% -30%, and the water peanuts are planted around the inner side of the ridge; injecting water into the shrimp culture ditch, adding water with the depth of 40-50cm, and increasing the water level to be 15-20cm higher than the field surface along with the growth of the Yilezao;
(4) and (3) putting the shrimp larvae: when the shrimp culture ditch is put in, the water level of the shrimp culture ditch is not higher than the planting area of the central rice field, so that all shrimp seedlings enter the surrounding ditch; putting 12000-16000-tailed 1.2-1.5cm shrimp seedlings into the shrimp culturing ditch according to each mu, selecting strong, strong and complete appendages for the shrimp seedlings, sterilizing the shrimp seedlings when the shrimp seedlings are put, and soaking the shrimp seedlings in 4% light salt water for 5 minutes;
(5) feeding: feeding is started after 3 days of stocking, and the crayfish is fed with the special feed once a day, wherein the feeding amount of each time is 2 percent of the total weight of the crayfish body; when the temperature is higher than 20 ℃, the shrimp bodies are thrown once in the morning and afternoon respectively, and the throwing amount is 1.5 percent of the total weight of the shrimp bodies;
(6) catching adult shrimps, feeding young shrimps and keeping parent shrimps: catching adult shrimps: adult shrimps are fished through a ground cage, and the first fishing time is started from the middle of 4 months to the end of the last 6 months; the second fishing time is finished from the last ten days of 8 months to the bottom of 9 months;
feeding young shrimps: after the first fishing is finished, supplementing 3000 tails of 2000-3000 young shrimps of 3-4cm per mu;
and (4) retention of the parent shrimps: during the second fishing period, the large shrimps are caught in the early stage and the small shrimps are left in the later stage, and the field storage amount of the parent shrimps is not less than 15kg per mu;
(7) and (3) rice field management: fertilizing: applying 12-15kg of pure nitrogen fertilizer, 6-7kg of phosphate fertilizer and 8-10kg of potash fertilizer per mu of total fertilizer, and strictly forbidding using the fertilizer harmful to crayfish;
topdressing: applying a topdressing green-turning tillering fertilizer in a rice green-turning and tillering stage and applying a booting fertilizer in a booting stage;
preventing and controlling diseases of rice pests;
(8) draining water and harvesting rice: when the paddy field drains, the water level of the paddy field is quickly reduced to 5-10cm above the paddy field, then the paddy field drains slowly, and finally the water level in the shrimp culturing ditch is kept at 10-15cm, and the paddy rice can be harvested.
2. The method for the co-culture of rice and shrimp as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the content of the protein of the special feed for the crayfish is 25-30%.
3. The method for the co-culture of rice and shrimp as claimed in claim 1, wherein: after the rice field is transformed, injecting water and applying fertilizer in the shrimp culturing ditch, wherein the fertilizer is 20-30kg of biological organic fertilizer per mu.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111543269A (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2020-08-18 | 南县小龙虾协会 | Ecological planting and breeding method for continuous cropping of rice and shrimps |
| CN112205255A (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2021-01-12 | 常德职业技术学院 | Ecological and efficient rice and shrimp breeding method |
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