CN112042485A - Strawberry paddy-upland rotation seedling raising method - Google Patents
Strawberry paddy-upland rotation seedling raising method Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a strawberry paddy-upland rotation seedling method, which comprises the following steps: field treatment, crayfish culture, rice cultivation and strawberry seedling raising; by reasonable paddy-upland rotation of shrimp culture and strawberry seedling culture in the rice field, the environmental conditions of rice growth, shrimp culture and strawberry seedling culture are improved, and the number of pathogen insect sources is reduced, so that the use amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is reduced on the premise of ensuring the yield of rice and shrimp and strong seedling culture of strawberries, the organic combination of planting and breeding is realized, and the advantage complementation is realized. The soil-borne disease and insect pest resistance of the strawberries can be effectively reduced, the disease and insect pest prevention and control pesticide for the strawberries can be reduced, disease-free strong seedlings can be cultivated for the strawberries, meanwhile, the soil nutrient is fully utilized, and the rotation mode is more favorable for the growth and development of rice and shrimps and strong seedling cultivation for the strawberries.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the technical field of strawberry seedling culture, in particular to a strawberry seedling culture method by paddy-upland rotation.
Background art:
strawberry, perennial herb, 10-40 cm high, stem lower than leaf or nearly equal, dense developed yellow soft hair, three leaves, small leaf with short handle, thicker texture, inverted egg shape or diamond shape, dark green upper surface, few hairless, light white green lower surface, sparse hair, dense along pulse, dense leaf handle developed yellow soft hair, polystictus, small leaf with short handle under inflorescence, flower amphipathy, sepal egg shape, slightly longer than paracsepal; the petals are white, nearly round or oval, the polymerized fruit is large, the preserved sepals are upright and cling to the fruit, the lean fruit is pointed and oval, the flowering phase is 4-5 months, and the fruiting phase is 6-7 months.
The existing strawberry seedling culture is realized in a greenhouse independently, so that the occupied area is large, large resources are consumed, and the economic benefit is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects and provides a water-dry rotation seedling raising method for strawberries.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical solution of the invention is as follows: a strawberry paddy-upland rotation seedling raising method comprises the following steps:
1, field treatment: selecting a farmland which is convenient to traffic, free of influence of drought and waterlogging, excellent in water quality, good in water source, free of pollution, sufficient in sunlight and flat in terrain; during field engineering construction, the area of each field is controlled to be between 20 and 50 mu, the field is preferably made into square or rectangular field blocks, the width is between 130 and 150m, and the length is determined according to the landform of the field block area; the ridge is 2.5-3m wide and 1.2-1.5m high, and the water depth of the field is not lower than 1 m; then excavating an annular groove for shrimp culture at a position of 1.5m inside the outer ring tractor ploughing path, wherein the width of the groove is 3-5m, the depth of the groove is 0.8-1.2m, and a ridge of rice field is formed at the inner side of the annular groove for shrimp culture, the width of the ridge is 0.5m, and the height of the ridge is 0.3 m; a cross-shaped ditch with the width of 0.6m and the depth of 0.8m is dug in the rice field, so that the irrigation and the drainage of the rice field and the strawberry seedlings are facilitated, and meanwhile, the shrimps can enter the rice field to move and forage for the shrimps; when a farmland is made, the surface of the farmland is kept flat, and the upper and lower heights of each farmland are controlled within 5 cm; a tractor-ploughing road with the width of 3-4m is made in the middle of the outer ring ridge; building a drainage and irrigation system at a low-lying position of a field block, and building escape-proof facilities for shrimps at a water inlet and outlet position of a farmland and around the field block;
2, crayfish breeding:
2.1, field removal and shrimp ditch disinfection of the rice field: removing by using a special pond cleaning agent for biological tea cakes or shrimps and crabs, combining cleaning circular ditches, and applying 100 kg of quicklime per mu according to the area of the whole field for water regulation and disinfection;
2.2, fertilizing: when the water quality of the circular ditch or the field is thin, applying liquid biological fish fertilizing water on the water surface of each mu and splashing the whole field to adjust the water quality;
2.3, planting aquatic weeds: planting grass before stocking parent shrimps or young shrimps in the first year, and planting water grass in the annular ditch and the field surface every 1-4 months later, wherein the water grass varieties comprise waterweeds, hydrilla verticillata, duckweed and alternanthera philoxeroides; when the aquatic weeds are flourishing, the part is cut off or thinned, and the aquatic weeds are always positioned 20-30 cm below the water surface by adopting a grass cutting head or a mode of gradually deepening the water level;
2.4, stocking parent shrimps or shrimp seedlings: shrimp fries can be released in spring and autumn, and the average releasing density is as follows: 30-40 kg per mu, the specification is 240 and 8000 each kg per mu, and the stocking is 6000 and 8000 each mu; or stocking parent shrimps with 10-20 kg per mu; the parent shrimps should be replaced in time after 3 years of cultivation, or some outsourcing parent shrimps are adopted to enter the field for breeding, so that the influence on the yield and commodity performance caused by overlong inbreeding time of the shrimps in the field is prevented; soaking the shrimps in field water for 3-5 minutes before stocking for seedling recovery, and then throwing the shrimps along the circular trench at different points, wherein the shrimps can be placed on a gentle slope or a place with water plants;
2.5, feeding and managing: feeding the shrimps with the feed according to different seasons and different growth and development stages of the shrimps; the feed is fed on the beach and the edge of the circular ditch, and the feeding amount is controlled to be basically eaten within 3 hours after the feed is fed; feeding twice a day, feeding once at 8 am and about 17 pm, and not feeding feed in the high-temperature period and the cold winter ice-sealing period every year;
2.6, field water management: after the shrimp seedlings are released in autumn, the water level of the rice field is subject to incomplete submerging of rice stakes, and the water level of the field is gradually deepened 7-8 days after the rice is harvested; the water level of the circular trench in high-temperature weather is kept between 0.8 and 1.5 m; during the growth and development of the rice, on the premise of not influencing the growth and development of the rice, the water level is increased as much as possible, meanwhile, the water changing and field water adding work is well done according to the water quality condition, and the field water is deeper as much as possible during the overwintering period of the parent shrimps; when the water temperature rises, attention should be paid to the occurrence of the anoxic condition of the water body, if the phenomenon that shrimp seedlings climb up waterweeds or go ashore in large quantity is found, water should be added or changed in time, and an oxygenating agent is put in to prevent the shrimps from being dead due to the anoxic condition;
2.7, pest control: adopting EM bacteria to adjust water quality for shrimp culture in a rice field, putting in an improver to improve a substrate, simultaneously timely fishing out rotten grass and impurities, keeping good water quality, applying povidone iodine for 1 time at intervals of 15-20 days according to the water quality, applying 150g of adulterated water per mu, applying 25mg of lichen clearing agent per mu under the condition that the water depth of a field is 1m for preventing and treating the shrimp field with the occurrence of lichen, and immediately fertilizing water; after spring begins, the water level of the rice field is shallow, the phenomenon that birds prey on shrimps is quite common, and people insert color flags and lay rice plants in the rice field to catch birds;
2.8, fishing: the centralized fishing is combined with the wheel fishing, and the centralized fishing period is 4-6 months; the fishing method comprises the following steps: putting a ground cage in the annular ditch for fishing, wherein the fishing efficiency is higher at night, the cage can be reversed for 1 time in about 4-6 hours, and individuals which cannot reach the commodity specification during fishing are continuously stocked; selecting individuals with strong vitality as parent shrimps in the ring ditch for continuous feeding in 6 months, and providing breeding seed sources for continuous stocking in the 2 nd year;
3, rice cultivation:
3.1, rice variety selection: selecting high-quality high-yield lodging-resistant high-stress-resistant hybrid rice or japonica rice;
3.2, a rice seedling raising method and the seeding amount are as follows: adopting combined seedling bed seedling raising or plug seedling raising; the seed consumption of hybrid rice per mu is 1.5 kg, and the seed consumption of japonica rice per mu is 5-5.5 kg.
3.3, fertilizing, soil preparation, transplanting and removing: 30-40 kg of ternary fertilizers and 10 kg of urea are applied to each mu of land before the land is prepared, the land is prepared after fertilization, the land surface is leveled when the land is prepared, weeds and grass roots are completely picked up, the soil is arranged to be burnt, and the transplanting and the field management are facilitated; raising seedlings of hybrid rice in the first ten days of 5 months, transplanting from the last ten days of 5 months to the last 6 days of 6 months, and transplanting 1.4-1.6 ten thousand of holes per mu; cultivating rice seedlings in the last ten days of 5 months, transplanting rice seedlings in the middle and last ten days of 6 months, and transplanting 2.2-2.3 ten thousand holes per mu;
3.4, water management: keeping shallow water for survival within 20 days after rice is planted, then starting to bake the field, baking the field for multiple times until the rice is in a jointing stage, controlling ineffective tillering, and after finishing baking, under the premise of controlling sheath blight, the higher the water level of the field is, the better the water level is, so that shrimps can move and forage in the field conveniently; after the rice enters the milk stage, gradually cutting off water in the rice field, and enabling shrimps to swim back to the annular ditch to move and find food;
3.5, topdressing: carrying out combined chemical weeding 5-7 days after planting, additionally applying 4-5 kg of urea per mu, and additionally applying 15-20 kg of ternary fertilizer per mu after finishing the field baking; if the rice grows normally, 10 to 15 kg of urea is added; the urea can not be applied when the growth trend is strong, and the use amount of the ternary fertilizer is reduced;
3.6, pest control: the pesticide composition mainly prevents and treats diseases and pests of rice sheath blight, rice blast, false smut, rice thrips, rice planthopper, rice leaf roller and chilo suppressalis, and adopts high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides with low toxicity to fishes and shrimps when preventing and controlling diseases and pests, so that the safety of the shrimps is protected, and the ecological environment of a farmland is protected;
3.7, harvesting: harvesting rice in time after the rice is mature, harvesting by adopting a harvester for crushing rice straws, and returning the rice straws to the field; then, feeding water to the rice field by 40-50 cm;
4, strawberry seedling culture:
4.1, cultivating and propagating strawberry mother seedlings: selecting robust strawberry plants to culture and propagate mother seedlings in the strawberry field of the greenhouse from late 12 th ten days to 2 nd Yuanyue, transplanting the strong strawberry plants on a set seedbed when seedlings grow from the tops of stolons of the robust plants and spit roots, carefully managing, and gradually culturing the strong strawberry plants into robust mother seedlings to propagate the seedlings;
4.2, soil is ploughed and sunned or frozen upturned soil: ploughing the rice field after harvesting the rice, and sunning or freezing the soil;
4.3, preparing soil and preparing a seedbed: in the late ten days of 3 months in the 2 nd year, when the soil moisture content is appropriate, fertilizing and plowing the land, applying 5-10 kg of ternary fertilizer per mu, then preparing soil and making furrows, wherein the fixed planting furrows are made into furrows with the furrow width of 1.5m, the furrow width of 30 cm and the furrow depth of 10-12 cm;
4.4, the strawberry field planting method: selecting robust mother seedlings to be transplanted with soil as far as possible one week before clearing, during transplanting, planting two lines of mother seedlings at about 40 cm from two sides of a furrow, with the plant spacing of 30 cm, during transplanting, directly planting, positively planting and shallowly planting, bending the strawberry mother seedling back to the inside of the furrow, after planting, watering for fixing roots, and when meeting sunny days, rehydrating once in 2 days, and watering thoroughly when rehydrating;
4.5, strawberry seedbed management:
4.5.1, intertillage and loosening soil: intertillage soil loosening and weeding are carried out for many times after the strawberry seedlings survive, intertillage is carried out once after heavy rain or watering every time, the air permeability of soil is increased, the mother seedlings are promoted to grow quickly and early, stolons are drawn out as early as possible, the intertillage is stopped after the strawberry mother seedlings enter a seedling propagation peak period, and grown weeds are manually removed or chemically removed;
4.5.2, reasonable topdressing: after planting and surviving the strawberry, applying a proper amount of topdressing fertilizer for promoting root growth per mu, applying 25 kg of topdressing liquid barrel fertilizer per mu to promote the rapid growth of the root systems of the mother seedlings, simultaneously performing seedling-observing topdressing, wherein the leaves of the mother seedlings of the strawberry are large, the leaves are dark green, the stolon is thick and strong, the seedling growth speed is high, little topdressing or no topdressing is performed, applying 15-20 kg of 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per mu in the case of fertilizer shortage, and spraying 500 times of amino acid solution on the leaf surfaces for 4-6 times every 5-7 days for 1 time;
4.5.3, water management: watering in time when drought occurs to prevent strawberry seedlings from affecting growth due to drought; when encountering continuous overcast and rainy days, the ditch cleaning and draining work is well done on the basis of preventing diseases;
4.5.4, guiding vine and thinning seedling: manually guiding tendrils of stolons of strawberry mother seedlings to enable the seedlings to be uniformly distributed on the surface of a ridge, and if the seedlings are unevenly distributed in the field, densely replenishing the seedlings or thinning the seedlings to ensure that the seedlings are uniformly distributed so as to be beneficial to culturing strong seedlings;
4.5.5, removing old diseased leaves: when the color of the functional leaves of the strawberry seedlings is black and yellow, photosynthesis is lost, the strawberry seedlings are removed in time, strong seedlings which are difficult to cultivate due to excessive nutrient consumption are prevented, old diseased leaves are removed for 1 time about 15 days, and the strawberry seedlings are taken out of the field and buried deeply;
4.5.6, controlling pests: pesticides are selected for preventing and controlling diseases in time, so that the diseases are prevented and controlled in the bud;
4.6, lifting seedlings: in the first ten days of 9 months to the first 10 months, the seedlings are lifted in stages according to needs, the large seedlings are lifted in the early stage and the middle stage, the small seedlings are remained, and the small seedlings are continuously cultivated into strong seedlings by field management measures and are transplanted or sold; and (5) continuing to culture shrimps in the rice field after the strawberry seedling culture is finished, and circularly culturing.
Further, in step 2.4, when the parent shrimps or young shrimps are released for breeding, a small amount of silver carps or bighead carps are released for regulating and controlling the water quality of the circular channel, wherein the weight of the silver carps or the bighead carps is 10% of that of the parent shrimps or the young shrimps.
Further, in the step 2.5, concentrated feed is mainly fed for 3-6 months, wherein the concentrated feed is one or a combination of more of special granular concentrated feed for shrimps, snail meat, earthworms and small trash fish; reducing the feeding of concentrated feed in 7-8 months, and properly increasing the feeding proportion of plant feed such as corn, wheat, soybean, pumpkin and the like; after 9 months, the feeding amount of the concentrated feed can be increased.
Further, in step 3.1, one or more of Huiyangyou 898, 996 and Y Liangyou 900 are selected as hybrid rice varieties; the japonica rice variety is selected from one or more of Zhengdao 18, Nanjing 46, Nanjing 5055 and Zhengnuo 505.
Further, in step 3.3, chemical herbicides are adopted for weeding 7 days after the rice is planted, and herbicides with low toxicity to fishes and shrimps are selected during chemical weeding, so that the safety of the shrimps is ensured.
The invention discloses a strawberry paddy-upland rotation seedling method, which has the following beneficial effects:
1. not only stabilizes the grain production area, but also develops aquaculture and economic crops, effectively solves the continuous cropping obstacle problem of long-term shrimp culture in rice fields and long-term strawberry seedling culture, improves the yield and quality of rice shrimps, reduces the problem of strawberry disease and seedling death, protects the agricultural ecological environment, and improves the comprehensive economic benefit of the farmland.
2. The reasonable paddy-upland rotation of shrimp culture and strawberry seedling culture in the paddy field makes full use of soil nutrients, protects the ecological environment of the farmland and improves the economic benefits of rice, shrimp and strawberry seedling culture.
3. The straw is returned to the field, so that the water quality for shrimp culture gradually reaches nutrition, the problem of comprehensive utilization of rice straw is solved, and a large number of food sources such as plankton and the like are provided for the rapid growth of shrimps.
4. The shrimps can move and forage in the rice field during the growth and development period of the rice, which is beneficial to the growth of the rice and the growth of the shrimps and realizes the advantage complementation of the rice and the shrimps.
5. When the shrimps are cultivated in the rice field for 3 years, water quality is eutrophicated, meanwhile, pests in the rice field are accumulated year by year, and soil is submerged for secondary cultivation, so that the growth of rice is not facilitated, and the cultivation of the shrimps is not facilitated. The strawberry seedlings cultivated by the method are not only little in disease, fast in growth after being planted in the field, high in survival rate, high in yield and excellent in quality, but also can be used for continuously cultivating shrimps in the field in the future, so that the water quality is purified, pathogenic bacteria are reduced, the problems of soil secondary subsurface culture and continuous cropping obstacle are solved, and the sustainable development of the planting industry and the breeding industry is maintained.
6. By reasonable paddy-upland rotation of shrimp culture and strawberry seedling culture in the rice field, the environmental conditions of rice growth, shrimp culture and strawberry seedling culture are improved, and the number of pathogen insect sources is reduced, so that the use amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is reduced on the premise of ensuring the yield of rice and shrimp and strong seedling culture of strawberries, the organic combination of planting and breeding is realized, and the advantage complementation is realized.
7. The method has the advantages that the shrimps are cultivated in the rice field, and the shrimps are cultivated after rice is harvested, so that the autumn-high fresh weather is fully utilized, not only is the land effectively utilized, but also photo-thermal resources are fully utilized, the climate is particularly suitable for the growth of the shrimps, and meanwhile, water resources are fully utilized.
8. By adopting the method, farmers can do things for a long time, so that labor resources are fully utilized; through the comprehensive utilization of agricultural resources and photo-thermal water resources, the agricultural labor productivity is further improved, and the overall economic benefit of agriculture is further improved.
9. The quality of the produced agricultural products is obviously improved by the paddy-upland rotation technical mode of shrimp culture in the paddy field and strawberry seedling culture. After the paddy rice enters the jointing stage, the temperature rises, the paddy field can be irrigated with a water layer of more than 6cm, the shrimps can conveniently enter the paddy field to move and find food, thus harmful organisms such as weeds in the paddy field can be eliminated, the growth and development of the paddy rice are facilitated, meanwhile, the paddy rice grows vigorously and clogs in the field, the water temperature in the paddy field in summer is low, the growth of the shrimps is more facilitated, in addition, the use amount of chemical pesticides is reduced for safe cultivation of the shrimps, the paddy rice is ensured not to be polluted by the pesticides, and the quality of the shrimps is also obviously improved. After shrimps are continuously cultivated in the rice field for 3 years, the rice is changed into strawberry seedlings in 4 th year, so that the soil transmission of strawberries and other plant diseases and insect pests can be effectively reduced, the disease prevention and pest control pesticide application of strawberries is reduced, the strawberries are favorably cultivated to form disease-free strong seedlings, meanwhile, soil nutrients are fully utilized, and the rotation mode is more favorable for the growth and development of the rice and the shrimps and the strong seedlings of the strawberries.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are carried out on the premise of the technical scheme of the present invention, and detailed embodiments and specific operation procedures are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples:
a strawberry paddy-upland rotation seedling raising method comprises the following steps:
1, field treatment: selecting a farmland which is convenient to traffic, free of influence of drought and waterlogging, excellent in water quality, good in water source, free of pollution, sufficient in sunlight and flat in terrain; during field engineering construction, the area of each field is controlled to be between 20 and 50 mu, the field is preferably made into square or rectangular field blocks, the width is between 130 and 150m, and the length is determined according to the landform of the field block area; the ridge is 2.5-3m wide and 1.2-1.5m high, and the water depth of the field is not lower than 1 m; then excavating an annular groove for shrimp culture at a position of 1.5m inside the outer ring tractor ploughing path, wherein the width of the groove is 3-5m, the depth of the groove is 0.8-1.2m, and a ridge of rice field is formed at the inner side of the annular groove for shrimp culture, the width of the ridge is 0.5m, and the height of the ridge is 0.3 m; a cross-shaped ditch with the width of 0.6m and the depth of 0.8m is dug in the rice field, so that the irrigation and the drainage of the rice field and the strawberry seedlings are facilitated, and meanwhile, the shrimps can enter the rice field to move and forage for the shrimps; when a farmland is made, the surface of the farmland is kept flat, and the upper and lower heights of each farmland are controlled within 5 cm; a tractor-ploughing road with the width of 3-4m is made in the middle of the outer ring ridge; building a drainage and irrigation system at a low-lying position of a field block, and building escape-proof facilities for shrimps at a water inlet and outlet position of a farmland and around the field block;
2, crayfish breeding:
2.1, field removal and shrimp ditch disinfection of the rice field: removing by using a special pond cleaning agent for biological tea cakes or shrimps and crabs, combining cleaning circular ditches, and applying 100 kg of quicklime per mu according to the area of the whole field for water regulation and disinfection;
2.2, fertilizing: when the water quality of the circular ditch or the field is thin, applying liquid biological fish fertilizing water on the water surface of each mu and splashing the whole field to adjust the water quality;
2.3, planting aquatic weeds: planting grass before stocking parent shrimps or young shrimps in the first year, and planting water grass in the annular ditch and the field surface every 1-4 months later, wherein the water grass varieties comprise waterweeds, hydrilla verticillata, duckweed and alternanthera philoxeroides; when the aquatic weeds are flourishing, the part is cut off or thinned, and the aquatic weeds are always positioned 20-30 cm below the water surface by adopting a grass cutting head or a mode of gradually deepening the water level;
2.4, stocking parent shrimps or shrimp seedlings: shrimp fries can be released in spring and autumn, and the average releasing density is as follows: 30-40 kg per mu, the specification is 240 and 8000 each kg per mu, and the stocking is 6000 and 8000 each mu; or stocking parent shrimps with 10-20 kg per mu; the parent shrimps should be replaced in time after 3 years of cultivation, or some outsourcing parent shrimps are adopted to enter the field for breeding, so that the influence on the yield and commodity performance caused by overlong inbreeding time of the shrimps in the field is prevented; soaking the shrimps in field water for 3-5 minutes before stocking for seedling recovery, and then throwing the shrimps along the circular trench at different points, wherein the shrimps can be placed on a gentle slope or a place with water plants; when parent shrimps or shrimp fries are released for breeding, a small amount of silver carps or bighead carps are released for regulating and controlling the water quality of the circular groove, and the weight of the silver carps or bighead carps is 10 percent of that of the parent shrimps or the shrimp fries;
2.5, feeding and managing: feeding the shrimps with the feed according to different seasons and different growth and development stages of the shrimps; the feed is fed on the beach and the edge of the circular ditch, and the feeding amount is controlled to be basically eaten within 3 hours after the feed is fed; feeding twice a day, feeding once at 8 am and about 17 pm, and not feeding feed in the high-temperature period and the cold winter ice-sealing period every year; feeding concentrated feed mainly in 3-6 months, wherein the concentrated feed is one or more of special granular concentrated feed for shrimps, snail meat, earthworms and small trash fishes; reducing the feeding of concentrated feed in 7-8 months, and properly increasing the feeding proportion of plant feed such as corn, wheat, soybean, pumpkin and the like; after 9 months, the feeding amount of the concentrate can be increased;
2.6, field water management: after the shrimp seedlings are released in autumn, the water level of the rice field is subject to incomplete submerging of rice stakes, and the water level of the field is gradually deepened 7-8 days after the rice is harvested; the water level of the circular trench in high-temperature weather is kept between 0.8 and 1.5 m; during the growth and development of the rice, on the premise of not influencing the growth and development of the rice, the water level is increased as much as possible, meanwhile, the water changing and field water adding work is well done according to the water quality condition, and the field water is deeper as much as possible during the overwintering period of the parent shrimps; when the water temperature rises, attention should be paid to the occurrence of the anoxic condition of the water body, if the phenomenon that shrimp seedlings climb up waterweeds or go ashore in large quantity is found, water should be added or changed in time, and an oxygenating agent is put in to prevent the shrimps from being dead due to the anoxic condition;
2.7, pest control: adopting EM bacteria to adjust water quality for shrimp culture in a rice field, putting in an improver to improve a substrate, simultaneously timely fishing out rotten grass and impurities, keeping good water quality, applying povidone iodine for 1 time at intervals of 15-20 days according to the water quality, applying 150g of adulterated water per mu, applying 25mg of lichen clearing agent per mu under the condition that the water depth of a field is 1m for preventing and treating the shrimp field with the occurrence of lichen, and immediately fertilizing water; after spring begins, the water level of the rice field is shallow, the phenomenon that birds prey on shrimps is quite common, and people insert color flags and lay rice plants in the rice field to catch birds;
2.8, fishing: the centralized fishing is combined with the wheel fishing, and the centralized fishing period is 4-6 months; the fishing method comprises the following steps: putting a ground cage in the annular ditch for fishing, wherein the fishing efficiency is higher at night, the cage can be reversed for 1 time in about 4-6 hours, and individuals which cannot reach the commodity specification during fishing are continuously stocked; selecting individuals with strong vitality as parent shrimps in the ring ditch for continuous feeding in 6 months, and providing breeding seed sources for continuous stocking in the 2 nd year;
3, rice cultivation:
3.1, rice variety selection: selecting high-quality high-yield lodging-resistant high-stress-resistant hybrid rice or japonica rice; selecting one or more of Huiyangyou 898, 996 and Y Liangyou 900 from the hybrid rice variety; selecting one or more of Zhendao 18, Nanjing 46, Nanjing 5055 and Zhendao 505 as japonica rice varieties;
3.2, a rice seedling raising method and the seeding amount are as follows: adopting combined seedling bed seedling raising or plug seedling raising; the seed consumption of hybrid rice per mu is 1.5 kg, and the seed consumption of japonica rice per mu is 5-5.5 kg.
3.3, fertilizing, soil preparation, transplanting and removing: 30-40 kg of ternary fertilizers and 10 kg of urea are applied to each mu of land before the land is prepared, the land is prepared after fertilization, the land surface is leveled when the land is prepared, weeds and grass roots are completely picked up, the soil is arranged to be burnt, and the transplanting and the field management are facilitated; raising seedlings of hybrid rice in the first ten days of 5 months, transplanting from the last ten days of 5 months to the last 6 days of 6 months, and transplanting 1.4-1.6 ten thousand of holes per mu; cultivating rice seedlings in the last ten days of 5 months, transplanting rice seedlings in the middle and last ten days of 6 months, and transplanting 2.2-2.3 ten thousand holes per mu; after the rice is planted for 7 days, a chemical herbicide is adopted for weeding, and the herbicide with low toxicity to fishes and shrimps is selected during the chemical weeding, so that the safety of the shrimps is ensured;
3.4, water management: keeping shallow water for survival within 20 days after rice is planted, then starting to bake the field, baking the field for multiple times until the rice is in a jointing stage, controlling ineffective tillering, and after finishing baking, under the premise of controlling sheath blight, the higher the water level of the field is, the better the water level is, so that shrimps can move and forage in the field conveniently; after the rice enters the milk stage, gradually cutting off water in the rice field, and enabling shrimps to swim back to the annular ditch to move and find food;
3.5, topdressing: carrying out combined chemical weeding 5-7 days after planting, additionally applying 4-5 kg of urea per mu, and additionally applying 15-20 kg of ternary fertilizer per mu after finishing the field baking; if the rice grows normally, 10 to 15 kg of urea is added; the urea can not be applied when the growth trend is strong, and the use amount of the ternary fertilizer is reduced;
3.6, pest control: the pesticide composition mainly prevents and treats diseases and pests of rice sheath blight, rice blast, false smut, rice thrips, rice planthopper, rice leaf roller and chilo suppressalis, and adopts high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides with low toxicity to fishes and shrimps when preventing and controlling diseases and pests, so that the safety of the shrimps is protected, and the ecological environment of a farmland is protected;
3.7, harvesting: harvesting rice in time after the rice is mature, harvesting by adopting a harvester for crushing rice straws, and returning the rice straws to the field; then, feeding water to the rice field by 40-50 cm;
4, strawberry seedling culture:
4.1, cultivating and propagating strawberry mother seedlings: selecting robust strawberry plants to culture and propagate mother seedlings in the strawberry field of the greenhouse from late 12 th ten days to 2 nd Yuanyue, transplanting the strong strawberry plants on a set seedbed when seedlings grow from the tops of stolons of the robust plants and spit roots, carefully managing, and gradually culturing the strong strawberry plants into robust mother seedlings to propagate the seedlings;
4.2, soil is ploughed and sunned or frozen upturned soil: ploughing the rice field after harvesting the rice, and sunning or freezing the soil;
4.3, preparing soil and preparing a seedbed: in the late ten days of 3 months in the 2 nd year, when the soil moisture content is appropriate, fertilizing and plowing the land, applying 5-10 kg of ternary fertilizer per mu, then preparing soil and making furrows, wherein the fixed planting furrows are made into furrows with the furrow width of 1.5m, the furrow width of 30 cm and the furrow depth of 10-12 cm;
4.4, the strawberry field planting method: selecting robust mother seedlings to be transplanted with soil as far as possible one week before clearing, during transplanting, planting two lines of mother seedlings at about 40 cm from two sides of a furrow, with the plant spacing of 30 cm, during transplanting, directly planting, positively planting and shallowly planting, bending the strawberry mother seedling back to the inside of the furrow, after planting, watering for fixing roots, and when meeting sunny days, rehydrating once in 2 days, and watering thoroughly when rehydrating;
4.5, strawberry seedbed management:
4.5.1, intertillage and loosening soil: intertillage soil loosening and weeding are carried out for many times after the strawberry seedlings survive, intertillage is carried out once after heavy rain or watering every time, the air permeability of soil is increased, the mother seedlings are promoted to grow quickly and early, stolons are drawn out as early as possible, the intertillage is stopped after the strawberry mother seedlings enter a seedling propagation peak period, and grown weeds are manually removed or chemically removed;
4.5.2, reasonable topdressing: after planting and surviving the strawberry, applying a proper amount of topdressing fertilizer for promoting root growth per mu, applying 25 kg of topdressing liquid barrel fertilizer per mu to promote the rapid growth of the root systems of the mother seedlings, simultaneously performing seedling-observing topdressing, wherein the leaves of the mother seedlings of the strawberry are large, the leaves are dark green, the stolon is thick and strong, the seedling growth speed is high, little topdressing or no topdressing is performed, applying 15-20 kg of 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per mu in the case of fertilizer shortage, and spraying 500 times of amino acid solution on the leaf surfaces for 4-6 times every 5-7 days for 1 time;
4.5.3, water management: watering in time when drought occurs to prevent strawberry seedlings from affecting growth due to drought; when encountering continuous overcast and rainy days, the ditch cleaning and draining work is well done on the basis of preventing diseases;
4.5.4, guiding vine and thinning seedling: manually guiding tendrils of stolons of strawberry mother seedlings to enable the seedlings to be uniformly distributed on the surface of a ridge, and if the seedlings are unevenly distributed in the field, densely replenishing the seedlings or thinning the seedlings to ensure that the seedlings are uniformly distributed so as to be beneficial to culturing strong seedlings;
4.5.5, removing old diseased leaves: when the color of the functional leaves of the strawberry seedlings is black and yellow, photosynthesis is lost, the strawberry seedlings are removed in time, strong seedlings which are difficult to cultivate due to excessive nutrient consumption are prevented, old diseased leaves are removed for 1 time about 15 days, and the strawberry seedlings are taken out of the field and buried deeply;
4.5.6, controlling pests: pesticides are selected for preventing and controlling diseases in time, so that the diseases are prevented and controlled in the bud;
4.6, lifting seedlings: in the first ten days of 9 months to the first 10 months, the seedlings are lifted in stages according to needs, the large seedlings are lifted in the early stage and the middle stage, the small seedlings are remained, and the small seedlings are continuously cultivated into strong seedlings by field management measures and are transplanted or sold; and (5) continuing to culture shrimps in the rice field after the strawberry seedling culture is finished, and circularly culturing.
The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention and common general knowledge of features in the schemes is not described here in any greater extent. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several modifications can be made without departing from the invention, which should also be considered as the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A strawberry paddy-upland rotation seedling raising method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1, field treatment: selecting a farmland which is convenient to traffic, free of influence of drought and waterlogging, excellent in water quality, good in water source, free of pollution, sufficient in sunlight and flat in terrain; during field engineering construction, the area of each field is controlled to be between 20 and 50 mu, the field is preferably made into square or rectangular field blocks, the width is between 130 and 150m, and the length is determined according to the landform of the field block area; the ridge is 2.5-3m wide and 1.2-1.5m high, and the water depth of the field is not lower than 1 m; then excavating an annular groove for shrimp culture at a position of 1.5m inside the outer ring tractor ploughing path, wherein the width of the groove is 3-5m, the depth of the groove is 0.8-1.2m, and a ridge of rice field is formed at the inner side of the annular groove for shrimp culture, the width of the ridge is 0.5m, and the height of the ridge is 0.3 m; a cross-shaped ditch with the width of 0.6m and the depth of 0.8m is dug in the rice field, so that the irrigation and the drainage of the rice field and the strawberry seedlings are facilitated, and meanwhile, the shrimps can enter the rice field to move and forage for the shrimps; when a farmland is made, the surface of the farmland is kept flat, and the upper and lower heights of each farmland are controlled within 5 cm; a tractor-ploughing road with the width of 3-4m is made in the middle of the outer ring ridge; building a drainage and irrigation system at a low-lying position of a field block, and building escape-proof facilities for shrimps at a water inlet and outlet position of a farmland and around the field block;
2, crayfish breeding:
2.1, field removal and shrimp ditch disinfection of the rice field: removing by using a special pond cleaning agent for biological tea cakes or shrimps and crabs, combining cleaning circular ditches, and applying 100 kg of quicklime per mu according to the area of the whole field for water regulation and disinfection;
2.2, fertilizing: when the water quality of the circular ditch or the field is thin, applying liquid biological fish fertilizing water on the water surface of each mu and splashing the whole field to adjust the water quality;
2.3, planting aquatic weeds: planting grass before stocking parent shrimps or young shrimps in the first year, and planting water grass in the annular ditch and the field surface every 1-4 months later, wherein the water grass varieties comprise waterweeds, hydrilla verticillata, duckweed and alternanthera philoxeroides; when the aquatic weeds are flourishing, the part is cut off or thinned, and the aquatic weeds are always positioned 20-30 cm below the water surface by adopting a grass cutting head or a mode of gradually deepening the water level;
2.4, stocking parent shrimps or shrimp seedlings: shrimp fries can be released in spring and autumn, and the average releasing density is as follows: 30-40 kg per mu, the specification is 240 and 8000 each kg per mu, and the stocking is 6000 and 8000 each mu; or stocking parent shrimps with 10-20 kg per mu; the parent shrimps should be replaced in time after 3 years of cultivation, or some outsourcing parent shrimps are adopted to enter the field for breeding, so that the influence on the yield and commodity performance caused by overlong inbreeding time of the shrimps in the field is prevented; soaking the shrimps in field water for 3-5 minutes before stocking for seedling recovery, and then throwing the shrimps along the circular trench at different points, wherein the shrimps can be placed on a gentle slope or a place with water plants;
2.5, feeding and managing: feeding the shrimps with the feed according to different seasons and different growth and development stages of the shrimps; the feed is fed on the beach and the edge of the circular ditch, and the feeding amount is controlled to be basically eaten within 3 hours after the feed is fed; feeding twice a day, feeding once at 8 am and about 17 pm, and not feeding feed in the high-temperature period and the cold winter ice-sealing period every year;
2.6, field water management: after the shrimp seedlings are released in autumn, the water level of the rice field is subject to incomplete submerging of rice stakes, and the water level of the field is gradually deepened 7-8 days after the rice is harvested; the water level of the circular trench in high-temperature weather is kept between 0.8 and 1.5 m; during the growth and development of the rice, on the premise of not influencing the growth and development of the rice, the water level is increased as much as possible, meanwhile, the water changing and field water adding work is well done according to the water quality condition, and the field water is deeper as much as possible during the overwintering period of the parent shrimps; when the water temperature rises, attention should be paid to the occurrence of the anoxic condition of the water body, if the phenomenon that shrimp seedlings climb up waterweeds or go ashore in large quantity is found, water should be added or changed in time, and an oxygenating agent is put in to prevent the shrimps from being dead due to the anoxic condition;
2.7, pest control: adopting EM bacteria to adjust water quality for shrimp culture in a rice field, putting in an improver to improve a substrate, simultaneously timely fishing out rotten grass and impurities, keeping good water quality, applying povidone iodine for 1 time at intervals of 15-20 days according to the water quality, applying 150g of adulterated water per mu, applying 25mg of lichen clearing agent per mu under the condition that the water depth of a field is 1m for preventing and treating the shrimp field with the occurrence of lichen, and immediately fertilizing water; after spring begins, the water level of the rice field is shallow, the phenomenon that birds prey on shrimps is quite common, and people insert color flags and lay rice plants in the rice field to catch birds;
2.8, fishing: the centralized fishing is combined with the wheel fishing, and the centralized fishing period is 4-6 months; the fishing method comprises the following steps: putting a ground cage in the annular ditch for fishing, wherein the fishing efficiency is higher at night, the cage can be reversed for 1 time in about 4-6 hours, and individuals which cannot reach the commodity specification during fishing are continuously stocked; selecting individuals with strong vitality as parent shrimps in the ring ditch for continuous feeding in 6 months, and providing breeding seed sources for continuous stocking in the 2 nd year;
3, rice cultivation:
3.1, rice variety selection: selecting high-quality high-yield lodging-resistant high-stress-resistant hybrid rice or japonica rice;
3.2, a rice seedling raising method and the seeding amount are as follows: adopting combined seedling bed seedling raising or plug seedling raising; the seed consumption of hybrid rice per mu is 1.5 kg, and the seed consumption of japonica rice per mu is 5-5.5 kg.
3.3, fertilizing, soil preparation, transplanting and removing: 30-40 kg of ternary fertilizers and 10 kg of urea are applied to each mu of land before the land is prepared, the land is prepared after fertilization, the land surface is leveled when the land is prepared, weeds and grass roots are completely picked up, the soil is arranged to be burnt, and the transplanting and the field management are facilitated; raising seedlings of hybrid rice in the first ten days of 5 months, transplanting from the last ten days of 5 months to the last 6 days of 6 months, and transplanting 1.4-1.6 ten thousand of holes per mu; cultivating rice seedlings in the last ten days of 5 months, transplanting rice seedlings in the middle and last ten days of 6 months, and transplanting 2.2-2.3 ten thousand holes per mu;
3.4, water management: keeping shallow water for survival within 20 days after rice is planted, then starting to bake the field, baking the field for multiple times until the rice is in a jointing stage, controlling ineffective tillering, and after finishing baking, under the premise of controlling sheath blight, the higher the water level of the field is, the better the water level is, so that shrimps can move and forage in the field conveniently; after the rice enters the milk stage, gradually cutting off water in the rice field, and enabling shrimps to swim back to the annular ditch to move and find food;
3.5, topdressing: carrying out combined chemical weeding 5-7 days after planting, additionally applying 4-5 kg of urea per mu, and additionally applying 15-20 kg of ternary fertilizer per mu after finishing the field baking; if the rice grows normally, 10 to 15 kg of urea is added; the urea can not be applied when the growth trend is strong, and the use amount of the ternary fertilizer is reduced;
3.6, pest control: the pesticide composition mainly prevents and treats diseases and pests of rice sheath blight, rice blast, false smut, rice thrips, rice planthopper, rice leaf roller and chilo suppressalis, and adopts high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides with low toxicity to fishes and shrimps when preventing and controlling diseases and pests, so that the safety of the shrimps is protected, and the ecological environment of a farmland is protected;
3.7, harvesting: harvesting rice in time after the rice is mature, harvesting by adopting a harvester for crushing rice straws, and returning the rice straws to the field; then, feeding water to the rice field by 40-50 cm;
4, strawberry seedling culture:
4.1, cultivating and propagating strawberry mother seedlings: selecting robust strawberry plants to culture and propagate mother seedlings in the strawberry field of the greenhouse from late 12 th ten days to 2 nd Yuanyue, transplanting the strong strawberry plants on a set seedbed when seedlings grow from the tops of stolons of the robust plants and spit roots, carefully managing, and gradually culturing the strong strawberry plants into robust mother seedlings to propagate the seedlings;
4.2, soil is ploughed and sunned or frozen upturned soil: ploughing the rice field after harvesting the rice, and sunning or freezing the soil;
4.3, preparing soil and preparing a seedbed: in the late ten days of 3 months in the 2 nd year, when the soil moisture content is appropriate, fertilizing and plowing the land, applying 5-10 kg of ternary fertilizer per mu, then preparing soil and making furrows, wherein the fixed planting furrows are made into furrows with the furrow width of 1.5m, the furrow width of 30 cm and the furrow depth of 10-12 cm;
4.4, the strawberry field planting method: selecting robust mother seedlings to be transplanted with soil as far as possible one week before clearing, during transplanting, planting two lines of mother seedlings at about 40 cm from two sides of a furrow, with the plant spacing of 30 cm, during transplanting, directly planting, positively planting and shallowly planting, bending the strawberry mother seedling back to the inside of the furrow, after planting, watering for fixing roots, and when meeting sunny days, rehydrating once in 2 days, and watering thoroughly when rehydrating;
4.5, strawberry seedbed management:
4.5.1, intertillage and loosening soil: intertillage soil loosening and weeding are carried out for many times after the strawberry seedlings survive, intertillage is carried out once after heavy rain or watering every time, the air permeability of soil is increased, the mother seedlings are promoted to grow quickly and early, stolons are drawn out as early as possible, the intertillage is stopped after the strawberry mother seedlings enter a seedling propagation peak period, and grown weeds are manually removed or chemically removed;
4.5.2, reasonable topdressing: after planting and surviving the strawberry, applying a proper amount of topdressing fertilizer for promoting root growth per mu, applying 25 kg of topdressing liquid barrel fertilizer per mu to promote the rapid growth of the root systems of the mother seedlings, simultaneously performing seedling-observing topdressing, wherein the leaves of the mother seedlings of the strawberry are large, the leaves are dark green, the stolon is thick and strong, the seedling growth speed is high, little topdressing or no topdressing is performed, applying 15-20 kg of 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per mu in the case of fertilizer shortage, and spraying 500 times of amino acid solution on the leaf surfaces for 4-6 times every 5-7 days for 1 time;
4.5.3, water management: watering in time when drought occurs to prevent strawberry seedlings from affecting growth due to drought; when encountering continuous overcast and rainy days, the ditch cleaning and draining work is well done on the basis of preventing diseases;
4.5.4, guiding vine and thinning seedling: manually guiding tendrils of stolons of strawberry mother seedlings to enable the seedlings to be uniformly distributed on the surface of a ridge, and if the seedlings are unevenly distributed in the field, densely replenishing the seedlings or thinning the seedlings to ensure that the seedlings are uniformly distributed so as to be beneficial to culturing strong seedlings;
4.5.5, removing old diseased leaves: when the color of the functional leaves of the strawberry seedlings is black and yellow, photosynthesis is lost, the strawberry seedlings are removed in time, strong seedlings which are difficult to cultivate due to excessive nutrient consumption are prevented, old diseased leaves are removed for 1 time about 15 days, and the strawberry seedlings are taken out of the field and buried deeply;
4.5.6, controlling pests: pesticides are selected for preventing and controlling diseases in time, so that the diseases are prevented and controlled in the bud;
4.6, lifting seedlings: in the first ten days of 9 months to the first 10 months, the seedlings are lifted in stages according to needs, the large seedlings are lifted in the early stage and the middle stage, the small seedlings are remained, and the small seedlings are continuously cultivated into strong seedlings by field management measures and are transplanted or sold; and (5) continuing to culture shrimps in the rice field after the strawberry seedling culture is finished, and circularly culturing.
2. The method for growing seedlings of strawberries by rotation between paddy field and dry farmland as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in step 2.4, when parent shrimps or young shrimps are released for breeding, a small amount of silver carps or bighead carps are released for regulating and controlling the water quality of the circular groove, and the weight of the silver carps or the bighead carps is 10% of that of the parent shrimps or the young shrimps.
3. The method for growing seedlings of strawberries by rotation between paddy field and dry farmland as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step 2.5, the concentrate is mainly fed for 3-6 months, and the concentrate is one or a combination of more of special granular concentrate for shrimps, snail meat, earthworms and small trash fish; reducing the feeding of concentrated feed in 7-8 months, and properly increasing the feeding proportion of plant feed such as corn, wheat, soybean, pumpkin and the like; after 9 months, the feeding amount of the concentrated feed can be increased.
4. The method for growing seedlings of strawberries by rotation between paddy field and dry farmland as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in step 3.1, selecting one or more of Hui Liangyou 898, 996 and Y Liangyou 900 for the hybrid rice variety; the japonica rice variety is selected from one or more of Zhengdao 18, Nanjing 46, Nanjing 5055 and Zhengnuo 505.
5. The method for growing seedlings of strawberries by rotation between paddy field and dry farmland as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step 3.3, chemical herbicide is adopted for weeding 7 days after the rice is planted, and the herbicide with low toxicity to fishes and shrimps is selected during chemical weeding, so that the safety of the shrimps is ensured.
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