CN107094608B - Method for intercropping loaches with cress - Google Patents
Method for intercropping loaches with cress Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107094608B CN107094608B CN201710447312.0A CN201710447312A CN107094608B CN 107094608 B CN107094608 B CN 107094608B CN 201710447312 A CN201710447312 A CN 201710447312A CN 107094608 B CN107094608 B CN 107094608B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- cress
- loaches
- floating
- intercropping
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 241000252185 Cobitidae Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 244000211187 Lepidium sativum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 235000007849 Lepidium sativum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 238000009342 intercropping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 241000938542 Oenanthe aquatica Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 240000007087 Apium graveolens Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000015849 Apium graveolens Dulce Group Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000010591 Appio Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 5
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012272 crop production Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 6
- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241001124076 Aphididae Species 0.000 description 2
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000000626 Daucus carota Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000002767 Daucus carota Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000005760 Difenoconazole Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000005906 Imidacloprid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005802 Mancozeb Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 description 2
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQYJATMQXGBDHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N difenoconazole Chemical compound O1C(C)COC1(C=1C(=CC(OC=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)=CC=1)Cl)CN1N=CN=C1 BQYJATMQXGBDHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 2
- YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidacloprid Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)\N=C1/NCCN1CC1=CC=C(Cl)N=C1 YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940056881 imidacloprid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002728 pyrethroid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004562 water dispersible granule Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001651 autotrophic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241000238565 lobster Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009344 polyculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009469 supplementation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/60—Fishing; Aquaculture; Aquafarming
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for intercropping loaches in cress, which comprises the following steps: and placing the floating raft in a pond field, carrying out floating planting on the water fennel, and stocking the loaches in the pond field to form a cultivation mode of intercropping the water fennel and the loaches. Through the mode, the method for intercropping the loaches with the cress has the advantages of labor saving, high production efficiency, low labor intensity and the like, changes the mode that cress are produced in single crop in autumn and winter into multi-crop production in all years, and creates a new cultivation mode that cress are produced in all years and supplied in all years. Meanwhile, the technology for intercropping the loaches by the cress floating cultivation provides a spacious, cool and comfortable movable habitat environment for the loaches, a sufficient water space, healthy growth conditions for the loaches to swim, and guarantee for high-density intercropping. In addition, the cress can absorb excessive ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus in water, the loaches are utilized to kill pests in the water and reduce the occurrence of diseases, excrement of the loaches is used as a fertilizer, the use amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is reduced, and the product is high in quality, environment-friendly in production and ecological in circulation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of vegetable and animal polyculture, in particular to a method for intercropping loaches with cress.
Background
China is the country with the earliest collection and utilization of aquatic vegetables and the longest domestication and cultivation history in the world and is a great characteristic in Chinese vegetable production. The south of the Yangtze river is the main production area for aquatic vegetable planting, and a unique cultivation system and a unique cultivation mode are formed in long-term traditional cultivation activities. However, the traditional and long-term planting mode with single variety and single mode can cause the food chain of the water surface ecological system to be too simple, cause ecological imbalance and easily cause the flooding of plant diseases and insect pests; in addition, improper use of fertilizers also results in eutrophication contamination of the water body. Therefore, how to further improve the industrial benefit on the limited land, promote the ecological balance in the field and reduce the market risk has become the key point of the scientific research work of the aquatic vegetables at present. Since the new century, aquatic vegetables have been developed from simple open field production to facility cultivation, and some economic animals such as fish, loach, lobster and the like are intercropped in aquatic vegetable fields, and gradually become a consensus and a new wealth-leading way for many vegetable farmers. The newly developed bioremediation technology with low investment, high benefit, high speed, convenient application, cleanness and environmental protection is also widely welcomed by people and has huge development potential. However, the existing technology is still lack of research on aquatic animal intercropping of aquatic vegetables, and cress adopts a deep-planting softening cultivation mode which has the defects of labor waste, time waste, labor waste, low production efficiency, high labor intensity and the like, so that the cress is produced in autumn and winter in a single crop, and the product is single. The existing loaches intercropped in a group have poor growth space, and the quality of the cultivated loaches is poor and is not popular with consumers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problem of providing the method for intercropping the loaches with the cress, which has the advantages of labor saving, time saving, labor saving, high production efficiency, low labor intensity and the like, and simultaneously provides a cool and comfortable environment, a wide habitat, sufficient plankton and water body space, convenience for up-and-down movement, healthy growth and improvement of the quality of the loaches for intercropping the loaches.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts a technical scheme that: the method for intercropping the loaches with the cress is provided, and comprises the following steps: and placing the floating raft in a pond field, carrying out floating planting on the water fennel, and stocking the loaches in the pond field to form a cultivation mode of intercropping the water fennel and the loaches.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the floating raft comprises a floating raft frame, a nylon net and nylon threads, wherein the floating raft frame is firstly connected into a rectangular horizontal frame by using a plastic pipe, then bamboo chips are arranged in the middle of the rectangular horizontal frame for reinforcement, and the nylon net is wrapped on the floating raft frame and tightly bound by the nylon threads; the floating rows are connected in series to form a long floating bed and fixed, and the distance from the two ends of the floating bed to the pond field is 0.8-1 m.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the intercropping method further comprises the steps of arranging a irrigation and drainage system, arranging a water inlet above the pond field, arranging a water outlet below the pond field, and enclosing the water inlet and the water outlet by a wire mesh, a plastic mesh or a bamboo gate; the water outlet is made of a PVC bent pipe.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the floating cultivation time of the cress is 9-10 months or 5 months per year; irrigating water after the cress floating cultivation to a water depth of 23-27 cm, and gradually increasing the water depth to 35-40 cm along with the growth of the cress; after the cress are subjected to floating cultivation for 10-15 days, the cress seedlings on the floating row are moved densely and thinned, so that the growth of the cress seedlings on the whole floating bed is uniform and consistent; in summer, a sunshade net is adopted for shading, and ventilation quantity is increased for facility cultivation; adding water to the field in winter, and filling cold water in the morning in summer before and after noon in sunny days; supplementing fertilizer to the leaf surfaces of the cress in the growing period according to the seedling condition of the cress; the fertilizer for the cress is a biological organic fertilizer, and the concentration of the biological organic fertilizer cannot exceed 1%.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, 10% of difenoconazole water dispersible granule 1500-2000 times liquid or 50% of thiophanate-methyl-sulfur suspending agent 800-times liquid is sprayed to control the brown spot per mu of cress; the 500-time solution of 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder and the 600-time solution of 50 percent mancozeb wettable powder are alternately sprayed for controlling the spot blight for each mu of cress; 3000 times of liquid of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder is used for preventing and controlling the carrot microtubular aphids which are pests per mu of cress; the intercropping method is forbidden to use the pyrethroid pesticides.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the cress are harvested in a seedling cutting and stubble remaining mode; when the celery seedlings grow to 40-50 cm, harvesting in time at the positions of 4-6 cm away from the upper stubble of the floating row, or carrying out deep cutting or shallow cutting according to the number of seedlings on the floating row; harvesting one crop of cress at the greenhouse temperature for 30-40 days, and harvesting 7-8 crops all the year round; the cress are cultivated in open field, one crop is harvested within 40-50 days, and 5-6 crops can be harvested all the year round; the growth period of the first crop in winter is prolonged, and the first crop can be harvested in 3 months.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, when the cress are planted in a floating manner in a greenhouse, the cress are planted in a floating manner in 9-10 months, loaches can be released after the cress survive, and continuously harvested in the middle of 5 months of the next year, or loach fries can be released again or the original intercropped loaches are utilized to continuously grow the self-bred young loaches, and the young loaches are harvested continuously from 9 months to spring festival; when the water fennel is planted in the open field in a floating manner, the loaches are put in a stocking mode for 1-2 times per year, and are harvested from the stocking mode in the middle of 5 months to the beginning of 10 months or harvested in the next year; or floating in 9-10 months, breeding loach, and continuously fishing in 5 middle of the next year.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the loach is put in a density of 120-150 kg/mu; the water level of the intercropped loach field is gradually increased along with the growth amount of the cress and the loaches, and the highest water level is about 39-41 cm; the watering time and the cress management time are kept consistent.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, feeding is started after the loaches are raised for 3-5 days, the bait is a special compound feed for the loaches, or crushed and finely twisted vegetable cakes or vegetable foils are fed, the feeding amount is 1 time each day in the morning and at night, and the feeding amount is 3-5% of the weight of the loaches each time; and (3) spraying 1: 1: the copper soap liquid with 200 times of liquid is used for preventing and controlling filamentous algae breeding in water.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the loaches are released after 9-10 months of cress floating cultivation or 5 months of seedlings, and the weight of the loaches is increased to three times of that of the seedlings in 6-7 months, and the loaches are caught and marketed; the pond field is provided with a gutter, and the loach catching method comprises the steps of placing special catching cages into the surrounding gutter of the pond field, placing fried rice bran into the cages, collecting the rice bran the next day, paying attention to the size of the rice bran, and returning young loaches to the field.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method for intercropping the loaches with the cress has the advantages of labor saving, time saving, labor saving, high production efficiency, low labor intensity and the like, changes the single-crop production in autumn and winter into the multi-crop production in all years, forms product diversity mainly comprising petioles and celery shoots, creates a new cultivation mode for annual production and annual supply of the cress, is favorable for shortage blockage and light supplementation, and enriches the market. Meanwhile, the technology for intercropping the loaches by the cress floating cultivation provides a cool and comfortable environment for the loaches, increases the moving habitat (floating raft) of the loaches, provides sufficient water body space and sufficient plankton, provides good conditions for the loaches to move up and down and grow healthily, and also provides guarantee for improving the feeding density and the quality of the loaches. In addition, excessive ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus in the water can be absorbed by utilizing the photosynthesis of the cress, the loaches are utilized to kill pests in soil and water, the occurrence of diseases is reduced, the excrement of the loaches is used as a fertilizer, the use amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is reduced, high-quality and high-yield cress products are produced, and the aims of environmental protection and ecological cycle are achieved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The method for intercropping the loaches with the cress is provided, and comprises the following steps:
1 preparation work
1.1 making the Floating mattress
The floating frame is made of PVC plastic pipe with 1 inch diameter, which is cut into 1m and 2m, then the right angle elbow is sleeved into the PVC plastic pipe and sealed and bonded with glue to make 2 x 1m rectangular horizontal frame, preventing the field water from entering the pipe. And then uniformly arranging 1 bamboo chip with the length of 2m and 2 bamboo chips with the length of 1m in the middle of the rectangular horizontal frame, and carrying out bracing and reinforcement on the bamboo chips to obtain the floating raft frame. After the floating raft frame is bound, the floating raft frame is tightly bound on the floating raft frame by a nylon net (fish net) covering surface with the aperture of about 1.5cm and nylon wires at the periphery.
1.2 preparation of the fields
1.2.1 selecting field and making ridge
The cultivation of the cress by floating drainage has no strict requirements on fields, can be planted except for a leaky paddy field, but is beneficial to the growth of loaches, and is preferably selected from loam or clay loam, and can be cultivated in a greenhouse or in the open. Generally, rectangular field blocks with the width of 8-12m are selected for convenient floating drainage and harvesting in the field. Before discharging, a ridge around the land is made as soon as possible, the ridge is built to be 70-80 cm high and 60-80 cm wide, the ridge needs to be tamped, a plastic film with the thickness of 0.08 mm is pasted on the inner side to prevent seepage and loach from escaping, and the escape-preventing fish net can be used on the premise that the ridge does not leak.
1.2.2 ditching for fertilizing
After the ridge is made, a gutter with the depth of 30-40 cm and the width of 30 cm is dug on the inner side, a plurality of shallow strip-shaped ditches can be additionally dug in the field according to the large field block and are connected with the gutter, then the field block is slightly leveled, 500 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer or 50 kg of vegetable cake is applied per mu, ploughing is carried out, and a 5cm water layer is placed.
1.2.3 irrigation and drainage
The loach intercropping water consumption is large, a irrigation and drainage system is required to be built, and meanwhile, anti-escape measures are taken. The loach water inlet is arranged on the upper part, the water outlet is arranged on the lower part, and the water inlet and the water outlet are surrounded by a wire mesh or a plastic net and a brake, so that loaches are prevented from escaping or being flushed by flood. The water outlet can be a PVC bent pipe which is higher than the water level by 30 cm at ordinary times, and the angle of the straight pipe is inclined to adjust the field water level during water drainage.
1.3 Floating mattress Placement
3 floating rows with the width of 8 m can be transversely arranged in a row and count 6 m2And are connected in series to form a strip-shaped floating bed, four corners of the floating bed are fixed by inserting small bamboo rods into the mud through the meshes, and the distance between two ends of the floating bed and the ridge is 0.8 m respectively. Two rows of the water fennel are mutually leaned into a group, and the distance between the two groups is 1.5-2m, so that organic fertilizers and baits can be put in the water fennel, the ventilation between the water fennel rows can be facilitated, oxygen in water can be increased, loach activity can be facilitated, the healthy growth of the loaches can be promoted, and the harvesting of the water fennel can be facilitated.
2 Water fennel floating cultivation
2.1 variety selection
The cress with strong heat resistance and cold resistance is selected, and the cress has strong stems and leaf stalks, solid or microporous, is crisp, tender, light in color, good in commercial performance, high in quality and yield, is suitable for floating planting and is beneficial to annual balanced production.
2.2 seed metering time
The cress floating planting can be carried out all the year round, but the seeding should avoid the high temperature in summer, and the seeding survival rate is highest in autumn of 9-10 months. The seed sowing time of the seedlings is different, the seed sowing of the root-free celery is suitable for autumn sowing, and the seed sowing of the root-carrying celery can survive generally except that severe summer and cold are avoided.
2.3 seed metering method
The seed sowing method is different according to different seedlings. One is the traditional seed stem propagation method, which is mostly applied in autumn, namely cutting the seed stems growing in the field into small sections of about 50 cm, bundling up for germination, directly paving the seeds on floating rows along the length, and seeding with the amount of 3 kg/m2Left and rightThe germination is not accelerated, and the emergence is slow and irregular. The other is transplanting seedlings with roots, the celery seedlings cultivated in soil are pulled up with roots, overlong leaf tips are cut off, the celery seedlings are cleaned and then are arranged on floating rows, the seedlings are put row by row when in seed arrangement, and the roots which move ahead are covered by stems and leaves of the later rows to prevent the roots from being withered and damaged by solarization.
2.4 field management
After seed discharge, irrigation is kept until the water depth is about 25 cm, and the water depth is gradually increased to 35-40 cm along with the growth of plants. After seeding for 10-15 days, the celery seedlings on the floating row are moved densely and thinned, so that the celery seedlings on the whole bed grow uniformly and uniformly. The growth of cress is influenced by high temperature in summer, the ventilation quantity must be increased in greenhouse cultivation, and a sunshade net is adopted at the top of the greenhouse for shading; the cultivation in open-field and photovoltaic seasons can also adopt measures for shading, and the effect is more ideal. The water is preferably added in the field in winter around noon in sunny days, and cold water is preferably poured in the morning in summer. The leaf surface fertilizer can be supplemented according to the seedling condition in the growth period, particularly the biological organic fertilizer is used as a good material, and the concentration can not exceed 1 percent.
2.5 control of diseases and pests
The cultivation diseases of the cress are rare, the plants are too dense due to high temperature in summer and untimely harvest, the brown spot is easy to induce, and 10% of difenoconazole water dispersible granule 1500-fold liquid or 50% of thiophanate-methyl-sulfur suspending agent 800-fold liquid can be sprayed for prevention and control per mu. In autumn, spot blight easily occurs, and each mu of carbendazim wettable powder 500 times liquid and mancozeb wettable powder 50% 600 times liquid are alternately sprayed for control in times. The foliage pest is carrot microtubular aphid, and 3000 times of liquid of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder is used for preventing and controlling each mu. The pyrethroid pesticide is forbidden for intercropping loach fields.
2.6 timely harvest
Harvesting floating row cultivated cress in a mode of cutting seedlings and leaving stubbles, harvesting the cress in time at a position of about 5cm away from the floating row when the cress seedlings grow to 40-50 cm, and also appropriately deeply cutting or shallowly cutting according to the number of seedlings on the floating row. One crop can be harvested in 30-40 days at a proper temperature in a greenhouse, and 7-8 crops can be harvested in the whole year. The cultivation is carried out in open field, one crop is generally harvested within 40-50 days, 5-6 crops can be harvested all the year round, the growing period is prolonged in winter, and the first crop can be harvested within about 3 months. And in summer, high-temperature cress grows slowly, stems and leaves are easy to age, and the yield is reduced. The total annual output of the cress in the water of floating drainage can reach 10000-15000kg per mu.
3 intercropping loaches
3.1 variety selection
Local loaches suitable for local market consumption habits or loach varieties in Taiwan areas with high yield and high meat yield are selected.
3.2 intercropping time
Loaches are warm water fishes, are suitable for growing at the temperature of 15-30 ℃, and can submerge into a soft loach layer of 10-30 cm to be dormant at the temperature below 7 ℃ or above 30 ℃. And (4) seeding cress drained in a greenhouse in 9-10 months, stocking loaches after the cress survive, and fishing the cress to go to the market successively after 6 months next year. Meanwhile, the loach fries can be stocked again after 5 th of the middle ten months or the original loaches intercropped are used for enabling the self-breeding loaches to continue to grow, and the loaches are harvested continuously from 9 months to the spring festival. The loaches are generally stocked for 1-2 times per year in open field, and harvested from the middle 5 months to the later 10 months, or harvested from the next year; stocking at 9 months can be harvested by 5 months in the next year.
3.3 intercropping Density
The water for cultivating cress is large, and the cress can be artificially fed with feed in consideration, and the density of intercropped loaches can be increased as required, generally preferably to be 120-150 kg/mu. The loach fries are harvested at the end of the breeding year in the current year, are slightly larger, and have the length specification of 4-7 cm; the loach fries harvested in the next year after being planted in the current year can be smaller, and the body length specification is 3 cm.
3.4 bait casting management
3.4.1 bait management
Feeding loaches 3-5 days later, wherein the bait can be special compound feed for the loaches or vegetable cakes (or vegetable foils), the feeding amount is 1 time each day in the morning and at night, and the feeding amount is 3-5% of the weight of the loaches each time. The vegetable cake can be used as feed for feeding, is a high-quality high-efficiency fertilizer, and is beneficial to the growth of cress. But the vegetable cake of input must be smashed and rubbed with the hands thin, is convenient for eat, and the vegetable cake input can not be excessive simultaneously, otherwise easily deposit on soil surface, easily breed filiform alga under the moderate temperature, can influence loach activity when serious, in case take place to spout in time 1: 1: and (4) preventing and treating the copper soap liquid with 200 times of liquid.
3.4.2 water level regulation
The water level of the intercropped loach field can be gradually increased along with the growth amount of the cress and the loaches, and the highest water level is controlled to be about 40 cm. The watering time is consistent with the cress management.
3.4.3 timely catching
After the loaches are intercropped and sown in cress in 9-10 months or seedlings are sown in 5 months, the weight of the loaches in 6-7 months can be increased to about three times that of the larvae, and the loaches can be captured and listed successively. The method is characterized in that special catching cages are placed in the peripheral ditches around the field pieces, a proper amount of fried rice bran is placed in the cages, the rice bran is collected the next day, meanwhile, the young loaches are returned to the field, autotrophic self-breeding is achieved gradually, and higher economic benefit is obtained.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by the present specification, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for intercropping loaches in cress is characterized by comprising the following steps: the floating frame is made into a 2 x 1m rectangular horizontal frame, and the seed metering amount is about 3 kg/m; placing the floating rows in a pond field, keeping a distance of 0.8 m from two ends of a floating bed to ridges respectively, enabling the two rows to be abutted to form a group, enabling the distance between the two groups to be 1.5-2m, building the ridges of the pond field to be 70-80 cm high and 60-80 cm wide, tamping the ridges, and pasting 0.08 mm plastic films on the inner sides of the ridges to prevent seepage and loach escape; selecting a cress variety which is strong in heat resistance and cold-resistant, and carrying out floating cultivation on cress on the floating raft, wherein the floating cultivation of cress can be carried out all the year round, but seed sowing is carried out to avoid high temperature in summer, loaches are put in the pond field, and the density of intercropping loaches is 150 kg/mu, so that a cultivation mode of intercropping loaches on cress is formed; after the cress are subjected to floating cultivation, irrigating water and keeping the water depth to 23-27 cm, gradually increasing the water depth to 35-40 cm along with the growth of the cress, controlling the highest water level to be 40 cm, feeding the loaches with bait and feeding vegetable cakes, wherein the vegetable cakes can be used as feed for feeding and are high-quality and efficient fertilizers; harvesting floating-row cultivated cress in a seedling cutting and stubble remaining mode, harvesting 4-6 cm of celery seedlings in time when the cress seedlings grow to 40-50 cm, harvesting 7-8 batches in a greenhouse all the year, and harvesting 5-6 batches in an open field all the year.
2. The method for intercropping the loaches with the cress according to claim 1, wherein the floating raft comprises floating raft frames, nylon nets and nylon threads, the floating raft frames are firstly connected into rectangular horizontal frames through plastic pipes, bamboo chips are arranged in the middle of the rectangular horizontal frames for reinforcement, and the nylon nets wrap the floating raft frames and are tightly bound through the nylon threads; the floating rows are connected in series to form a long floating bed and fixed, and the distance from the two ends of the floating bed to the pond field is 0.8-1 m.
3. The method for intercropping the loaches with the cress according to claim 1, further comprising the step of arranging a irrigation and drainage system, arranging a water inlet above the pond field, arranging a water outlet below the pond field, and enclosing the water inlet and the water outlet by a wire mesh, a plastic mesh or a brake strip; the water outlet is made of a PVC bent pipe.
4. The method for intercropping the loaches with the cress according to claim 1, wherein the floating cultivation time of the cress is 9-10 months or 5 months per year; irrigating water after the cress floating cultivation to a water depth of 23-27 cm, and gradually increasing the water depth to 35-40 cm along with the growth of the cress; after the cress are subjected to floating cultivation for 10-15 days, the cress seedlings on the floating row are moved densely and thinned, so that the growth of the cress seedlings on the whole floating bed is uniform and consistent; in summer, a sunshade net is adopted for shading, and ventilation quantity is increased for facility cultivation; adding water to the field in winter, and filling cold water in the morning in summer before and after noon in sunny days; supplementing fertilizer to the leaf surfaces of the cress in the growing period according to the seedling condition of the cress; the fertilizer for the cress is a biological organic fertilizer, and the concentration of the biological organic fertilizer cannot exceed 1%.
5. The method for intercropping the loaches with the cress according to claim 1, wherein the cress are harvested in a seedling cutting and stubble remaining manner; when the celery seedlings grow to 40-50 cm, the harvesting mode is replaced by deep cutting or shallow cutting according to the number of seedlings on the floating row; harvesting one crop of cress at the greenhouse temperature for 30-40 days, and harvesting 7-8 crops all the year round; the cress are cultivated in open field, one crop is harvested within 40-50 days, and 5-6 crops can be harvested all the year round; the growth period of the first crop in winter is prolonged, and the first crop can be harvested in 3 months.
6. The method for intercropping the loaches in the cress according to claim 1, wherein when the cress are planted in a floating manner in a greenhouse, the cress are planted in a floating manner in 9-10 months, the loaches can be bred in a free manner after the cress survive, the loaches can be continuously harvested in the middle ten of 5 months of the next year, the loaches can be bred again, or the original intercropped loaches can be used for enabling the self-propagating young loaches to continue to grow, and the loaches can be harvested continuously from 9 months to the spring festival; when the water fennel is planted in the open field in a floating manner, the loaches are put in a stocking mode for 1-2 times per year, and are harvested from the stocking mode in the middle of 5 months to the beginning of 10 months or harvested in the next year; or floating in 9-10 months, breeding loach, and continuously fishing in 5 middle of the next year.
7. The method for intercropping the loaches with the cress according to claim 1, wherein the putting density of the loaches is 150 kg/mu; the water level of the intercropped loach field is gradually increased along with the growth amount of the cress and the loaches, and the highest water level is controlled to be 39-41 cm; the watering time and the cress management time are kept consistent.
8. The method for intercropping the loaches according to claim 1, wherein the loaches are fed 3-5 days later and are fed with crushed and kneaded vegetable cakes, or the vegetable cakes are replaced by special loach compound feed, the feeding amount is 1 time each day in the morning and at night, and the feeding amount is 3-5% of the weight of the loaches each time; and (3) spraying 1: 1: the copper soap liquid with 200 times of liquid is used for preventing and controlling filamentous algae breeding in water.
9. The method for intercropping the loaches with the cress according to claim 1, wherein the loaches are released after 9-10 months of cress floating cultivation or 5 months of seedlings, and the weight of the loaches is increased to three times of the seedlings in 6-7 months, and the loaches are caught and put on the market; the pond field is provided with a gutter, and the loach catching method comprises the steps of placing special catching cages into the surrounding gutter of the pond field, placing fried rice bran into the cages, collecting the rice bran the next day, paying attention to the size of the rice bran, and returning young loaches to the field for cultivation.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710447312.0A CN107094608B (en) | 2017-06-14 | 2017-06-14 | Method for intercropping loaches with cress |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710447312.0A CN107094608B (en) | 2017-06-14 | 2017-06-14 | Method for intercropping loaches with cress |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107094608A CN107094608A (en) | 2017-08-29 |
| CN107094608B true CN107094608B (en) | 2020-09-04 |
Family
ID=59660996
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710447312.0A Active CN107094608B (en) | 2017-06-14 | 2017-06-14 | Method for intercropping loaches with cress |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN107094608B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107660486A (en) * | 2017-09-11 | 2018-02-06 | 山东省淡水渔业研究院（山东省淡水渔业监测中心） | A kind of Chinese snake head and the cultural method of Chinese celery |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL95873A (en) * | 1990-10-02 | 1995-03-15 | Porath Dan | Aquaculture for high protein crop production of a duckweed clone suitable for human consumption and comestible products for human consumption produced thereby |
| CN102090362B (en) * | 2010-12-03 | 2012-06-27 | 周文宗 | New loach soilless culture method |
| CN102557260B (en) * | 2010-12-07 | 2013-11-20 | 南京大学 | Method for controlling water eutrophication through utilizing special food chain and application thereof |
| CN104823650B (en) * | 2015-04-22 | 2017-04-19 | 淳安千岛湖丰禾果蔬专业合作社 | Water-breeding planting method of water celeries with green and yellow buds |
| JP7261012B2 (en) * | 2016-01-21 | 2023-04-19 | ライク・ズワーン・ザードテールト・アン・ザードハンデル・ベスローテン・フェンノートシャップ | Improved methods for producing in-box consumer-ready vegetables, mushrooms or herbs |
-
2017
- 2017-06-14 CN CN201710447312.0A patent/CN107094608B/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN107094608A (en) | 2017-08-29 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN108718965B (en) | Rice and shrimp ecological planting and breeding method for rice and shrimp co-culture | |
| CN103719005B (en) | Ecological breeding method for freshwater shrimp and bengal waterdropwort herb crop rotation | |
| CN106718451A (en) | The cultural method that a kind of paddy rice makees altogether with cray | |
| CN210900695U (en) | Celestial grass, crayfish, rice symbiotic culture system | |
| CN104381064A (en) | Paddy rice planting method | |
| CN110476753B (en) | Celestial grass, crayfish, rice symbiotic culture system | |
| CN111480604A (en) | Method for cultivating shrimps and crabs in rotation in green and efficient rice field co-farming mode | |
| CN102986437A (en) | Method for cultivating radix zanthoxyli artificially | |
| CN103703984A (en) | Hybrid aquatic method of loaches and lotus roots | |
| CN108812040A (en) | Vineyard set grass poultry zoology breeding technology | |
| CN103004429A (en) | Water shield planting method | |
| CN102771288A (en) | Konjac seed sexual propagation purification and rejuvenation technology | |
| CN105123253B (en) | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of paris polyphylla | |
| CN113439559A (en) | Method for directly producing raw sugarcane by using sugarcane tissue culture seedlings | |
| CN110558181A (en) | Efficient cultivation method of green pollution-free rice | |
| CN104365309A (en) | Efficient mode and high yield cultivation technique for spring sweet corn, autumn watermelon and winter lettuce | |
| CN110896798B (en) | Three-dimensional comprehensive planting and breeding method | |
| CN107094608B (en) | Method for intercropping loaches with cress | |
| CN110622794A (en) | High-yield cultivation method for sweet potato tips | |
| CN110249967A (en) | A kind of matrix and method of soilless cultivation cucumber | |
| CN109328894A (en) | A kind of sheep herbage space layout and cultural method | |
| CN112042485A (en) | Strawberry paddy-upland rotation seedling raising method | |
| CN112655620A (en) | Rice and shrimp breeding method | |
| CN112021115A (en) | Ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding method for aquatic vegetables by using lotus roots and shrimps together | |
| CN105706748A (en) | Cedrela sinensis and cedrela toona grafting propagation method |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |