CN113439559A - Method for directly producing raw sugarcane by using sugarcane tissue culture seedlings - Google Patents
Method for directly producing raw sugarcane by using sugarcane tissue culture seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/55—Sugar cane
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/27—Pulp, e.g. bagasse
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for directly producing raw sugarcane by using a sugarcane detoxification tissue culture seedling, which adopts the sugarcane detoxification tissue culture seedling to directly plant the raw sugarcane, utilizes the cuttage mode of a plant main stem and an ineffective tiller stem of the detoxification tissue culture seedling after tillering, and is matched with a corresponding cultivation technology, and has the following advantages: firstly, the method has the advantage of improving the yield of the sugarcane; secondly, the sugarcane seedlings have the functions of producing raw materials of sugarcane and seedlings; thirdly, the detoxified tissue culture seedling and the main stem, the tillering stem and the sugarcane plant grown by ineffective tillering have sufficient underground bud bank, the grown perennial root has sufficient seedling number, the perennial root can be prolonged for 1 to 2 years, and the yield is stable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sugarcane planting, and particularly relates to a method for directly producing raw sugarcane by using sugarcane tissue culture seedlings.
Background
Sugarcane is a raw material for manufacturing cane sugar and is a perennial high solid herbaceous tropical crop. The root is strong and developed. The height of the stalk is 3-5 m. The method is widely planted in tropical regions in south China, and is suitable for being planted in regions with fertile soil, sufficient sunlight and large temperature difference in winter and summer.
Traditionally, sugarcane farmers usually select newly planted sugarcane field blocks with vigorous growth, uniform distribution and growth of sugarcane plants, high variety purity, less plant diseases and insect pests and no lodging for seed reservation, leave upright and sturdy plants of sugarcane stems when cutting and harvesting sugarcane, select normal sugarcane stems, plant full sugarcane bud segments, preferably shoot top buds, cut off sections of insect buds, dead buds and bad buds, obtain sugarcane seeds with the length of about 30cm, sow in the middle of a seed season, cover soil and cover films, and grow healthy and sturdy sugarcane plants. However, the planting mode occupies and consumes a large amount of raw sugarcane due to large amount of the sugarcane.
When the sugarcane seedlings grow about 6-12 true leaves, a plurality of lateral buds are germinated at the base parts of the sugarcane plants and called tillering, wherein part of the lateral buds can grow into a sugarcane stalk and called effective tillering, and the effective tillering also influences the yield of the sugarcane in the year to a certain extent. After the sugarcane is harvested, the roots of the sugarcane left in the sugarcane field soil are called perennial roots, the perennial roots sprout and emerge again at proper temperature and humidity to grow into sugarcane plants called perennial sugarcane, and the perennial sugarcane has the advantages of early growth and rapid growth, early tillering and early node pulling, so that management of the perennial roots plays a significant role in achieving large-area balanced yield increase. The retention period of the perennial root is 2-4 years generally, after continuous asexual seed reserving and planting for many years, a plurality of pathogens are repeatedly infected and accumulated in sugarcane plants to inhibit the normal growth of the sugarcane, and when the yield of the sugarcane plants grown from the perennial root is low year by year, the perennial root is ploughed out to plant new seedlings.
The tissue culture seedling of the sugarcane is the seedling cultured by the sugarcane tissue, and has the advantages of strong tillering capability, more effective tillering, high growth speed, high survival rate, luxuriant perennial root growth and the like. However, the breeding speed of the sugarcane tissue culture seedlings is limited, the cost is high, the sugarcane tissue culture seedlings are usually used for cultivating sugarcane seed stems, and then the sugarcane seed stems are planted to finally obtain the raw material sugarcane.
Relevant documents about the planting and cutting planting of sugarcane tissue culture seedlings are searched as follows:
1. a method for 3 times repeated transplanting and rapid breeding of sugarcane healthy seedling stock seedlings; application No.: CN 201811602845.2; the applicant: sugar cane research institute of Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region academy of agricultural sciences; and (3) abstract: a3-time repeated transplanting and rapid breeding method for sugarcane healthy seedling stock seedlings comprises the steps of carrying out temporary planting and seedling refining on sugarcane healthy seedlings cultured by tissue culture, transplanting the sugarcane healthy seedlings to a field, cutting off main stems for cuttage and transplanting when 90% of the sugarcane healthy seedling stock seedlings tillere, and cutting off main stems growing out of the cuttage stems for cuttage and transplanting when 100% of the cuttage stems tillere for the first time. By using the method, not only can one mu be changed into three mu to save sugarcane seeds, but also the planting and management time can be staggered, and the utilization rate of machinery and labor is greatly improved; the sugarcane seeds can be harvested in batches, so that the problems of obvious excessive season in light and busy seasons, serious seed shortage in later period and the like caused by centralized harvesting of the sugarcane seeds in a double-high-sugar material sugarcane base are solved; but also can shorten the production period, save the production cost and quickly harvest high-quality sugarcane seeds and high-yield sugarcane.
2. A method for prolonging the harvest time of the sugarcane by repeatedly reseeding the main stem of the original seedling of the healthy sugarcane seedling; application No.: CN 201811647734.3; the applicant: sugar cane research institute of Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region academy of agricultural sciences; and (3) abstract: a method for prolonging the harvest time of sugarcane by repeatedly replanting the main stem of the original seedling of healthy sugarcane seedlings is characterized in that the healthy sugarcane seedlings cultured by detoxification of the stem tips are temporarily planted and refined and then transplanted to a perennial root sugarcane field harvested in 12 months or a newly planted sugarcane field in the next 2 months for replanting, when 90% of the original seedlings of healthy sugarcane seedlings are tillered, the main stem is cut off and transplanted to the perennial root sugarcane field harvested in 1-2 months or the newly planted sugarcane field in 3 months for replanting, when 100% of the first cutting stem is tillered, the main stem grown by cutting off the stem is transplanted again and then transplanted to the perennial root sugarcane field harvested in 3-4 months or the newly planted sugarcane field in 4-5 months for replanting. The method of the invention can save the sugarcane seeds, reduce the cost of the healthy sugarcane seedlings for reseeding, shorten the production period, solve the problem that the sugarcane field has no proper sugarcane seed reseeding due to the extension of the new planting period and the harvesting period of the sugarcane, and prolong the harvesting life of the sugarcane.
3. A method for raising seedlings by utilizing ineffective tillering of healthy sugarcane seedlings; application No.: CN 201910804335.1; the applicant: the research institute of sugarcane, Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region academy of agricultural sciences, the professional cooperative society of deer town, Yangjiang and Yangtze river, Mashan county, abstract: a method for raising seedlings by utilizing ineffective tillering of healthy sugarcane seedlings comprises the steps of cultivating sugarcane tissue culture seedlings, collecting ineffective tillering in first-generation sugarcane stems after the sugarcane tissue culture seedlings are transplanted, taking buds with ineffective tillering to raise seedlings in a seedling raising tray, and then mechanically transplanting. The method effectively utilizes the ineffective tillering of the healthy sugarcane seedlings, increases the healthy seed stems of the sugarcane, reduces the production cost of the healthy sugarcane seedlings and improves the income of sugarcane farmers.
4. A method for double breeding of sugarcane healthy seedlings in a field; application No.: CN 201811196846.1; the applicant: sugar cane research institute of Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region academy of agricultural sciences; and (3) abstract: a method for the double reproduction of the health sugarcane seedlings in field includes such steps as using the stem tip of sugarcane as explant, loading the cluster buds of sugarcane, which are induced and cultured, in a bag, rooting, transplanting in seedling pot, nutritive culture, transplanting in field, and cutting off stem for transplanting. By using the method, not only can one mu be changed into two mu without influencing the harvest of sugarcane seeds in the second year and the beginning, but also the serious problem of seed shortage in 3-4 months in the dual-high-sugar sugarcane base can be solved by supplying seeds in batches; but also can shorten the production period, save the production cost and quickly harvest high-quality sugarcane seeds and high-yield sugarcane.
5. Fast propagation technique for repeated cutting of main stem of sugarcane virus-free healthy seedling (Guangxi plant, 2020,1, 15)
The above publications disclose that the use amount of the seed stems of the sugarcane is greatly reduced and a large amount of cost is saved in relation to stem shearing, stem cutting, seedling raising and the like of the main stems and ineffective tillers of the sugarcane seedlings. How to further and deeply dig the potential of the technology, further improve the economic benefit, further improve the survival rate of the cutting planting and put forward higher requirements on the market.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the method, the sugarcane tissue culture seedlings are adopted to directly produce the raw material sugarcane, the main stems of tillered tissue culture seedling plants are used for cuttage, and the row spacing and the plant spacing are controlled, so that one mu of seedlings can be changed into two mu, the seedling cost is reduced, the farming season can be staggered, and the defect that the time of the sugarcane is too concentrated in weak and vigorous seasons is overcome; on the other hand, the adopted rooting mode ensures the survival rate of the main stem cuttage; moreover, the perennial roots of the tissue culture seedlings and the sugarcane plants grown after the main stems of the tissue culture seedlings are cut have the advantages of long retention period and stable yield.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for directly producing raw sugarcane by using sugarcane tissue culture seedlings comprises the following steps:
(1) after the land preparation and the soil turning of the sugarcane field block or the ridge grinding by using a ridge grinding machine, opening sugarcane planting ditches, wherein the plant spacing is 40-70cm, the row spacing is 1.2 m, and the sugarcane seedling density is 1000-plus 1200 plants/mu;
(2) planting in 2 months: applying a matrix in the row ditches, then planting the sugarcane detoxification tissue culture seedlings soaked with the seed soaking liquid by using a special sugarcane transplanting machine, and sufficiently spraying root fixing water by using a drip irrigation system;
(3) month 4: after tillering of sugarcane plants, cutting off main stems, transplanting the main stems to another land block for cutting planting, applying a matrix in a row ditch before cutting, and sprinkling sufficient root fixing water by using a drip irrigation system after cutting;
(4) periodically weeding is carried out in the early stage of sugarcane planting, when dead seedlings are found after sugarcane virus-free tissue culture seedlings are planted, the plants in the side rows are transplanted to a reseeding planting position, and then the main stems cut off in the step (3) are cut into the side row transplanting planting position;
(5) after the cutting seedlings are planted, dead seedlings are found, and after the cutting seedlings are tillered, main stems are cut to carry out cutting and reseeding; cutting off all the rest main stems in 6 months, and performing cuttage and seed reproduction, wherein the obtained seed stems are supplied to sugarcane farmers in the next 2-3 months;
(6) cutting the ineffective tillering of the detoxified tissue culture seedlings of the sugarcane in 6-7 months, and carrying out cuttage planting, wherein the method is carried out according to the step (3), and the ineffective tillering can be used as seed stems for sugarcane farmers in 2-3 months in the next year;
(7) in the initial elongation stage of the sugarcane, a drip irrigation system is used for water and fertilizer application and hilling;
(8) in the later growth period of the sugarcane, applying a quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer per mu, wherein the fertilizer application amount is 20kg per mu, and controlling the watering amount;
(9) cutting and harvesting the sugarcane after the sugarcane is mature, loosening soil, fertilizing and watering the ratoon, spraying insect-resist agent to the ratoon, covering a degradable mulching film above the ratoon, protecting the ratoon and promoting germination.
The detoxified tissue culture seedling of the sugarcane is a cassia sugar 08-120 healthy seedling.
And (3) at the side row planting position of the sugarcane field in the step (2), the main stems of the tillered plants can be cut off for planting.
The matrix is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 parts of fermented cow dung organic fertilizer, 1 part of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and 3-5 parts of bagasse pith.
The use method of the matrix comprises the following steps: 500-600kg of matrix is applied per mu; firstly, applying fermented cow dung organic fertilizer to the bottom of a planting ditch, then paving sugarcane pith around a sugarcane cutting position to isolate sugarcane seedlings from the fermented cow dung organic fertilizer, putting sugarcane tissue culture seedlings, and then covering thin soil with the thickness of 3-5 cm; or the method for cutting the main stem and the ineffective tillering comprises the following steps: punching a planting ditch with the matrix applied, wherein the hole diameter is 6-7cm, the hole depth is 10-150cm, the main stem is obliquely inserted and the ineffective tillering is inserted into the hole, then sugarcane pith is filled into the hole, 200ml of rooting promoter is poured into the sugarcane pith, then the thin soil is covered for 3-4cm, and enough rooting water can be poured after three hours.
The rooting promoter is a mixed solution of indolebutyric acid, naphthylacetic acid and water, and the volume ratio is 1: 4: 500, 500ml of rooting promoter is poured into each planting position, and 600ml of rooting promoter is poured into each planting position. .
After sugar extraction of sugarcane, a large amount of bagasse is produced, about 60% of the bagasse is sugarcane fiber, which can be used for papermaking, the rest of materials except the bagasse are mainly bagasse pith, the microscopic morphology of the bagasse pith is oval cells, the main components of the thin wall of the cells are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, and the pith cells have no interweaving capacity, so most of the bagasse pith powder is compressed after pith removal to be used as fuel or used as feed for livestock.
In a main stem or side stem cutting experiment, the applicant finds that when the distance between a cutting part of a sugarcane cutting stem and a base fertilizer is too close, the cutting stem is easy to burn and is difficult to survive, in order to keep the cutting stem and the base fertilizer relatively isolated, but on the premise of not influencing the fertilizer efficiency of the base fertilizer, a sugarcane pith cushion layer is added, on one hand, a sugarcane pith isolation layer is formed between the base fertilizer and the bottom of the cutting stem, and on the other hand, soil around the cutting part of the cutting stem is loosened by the sugarcane pith, so that the water and fertilizer retention of soil are facilitated, the root growth and development of sugarcane plants are facilitated, and the soil is not hardened; thirdly, the marrow cells have large specific surface area, complete cell structure and certain liquid absorption and retention capacity, when the rooting promoter is immersed in the sugarcane pith, the cells absorb liquid medicine and enter the cells for temporary storage to play a slow release role, the stem of the sugarcane which is cut can generate a long-acting root growth promoting effect, the root growth promoting effect is good, and the cutting survival rate is improved.
The seed soaking liquid in the step (2) is composed of the following components in volume count: 1 part of chlorantraniliprole solution with the concentration of 100 mg/L; 2 parts of uniconazole solution with the concentration of 100mg/L and 1 part of prochloraz solution with the concentration of 350mg/L are mixed to form a seed soaking solution to be soaked for 1.5 hours.
The sugarcane detoxified tissue culture seedlings soaked by the seed soaking solution can effectively prevent sugarcane diseases and improve the ability of the sugarcane to resist the diseases and insect pests.
The water fertilizer in the step (7) is obtained by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of ferrous sulfate, 10 parts of zinc sulfate, 5 parts of manganese sulfate, 5 parts of copper sulfate, 5 parts of sodium molybdate, 60 parts of urea, 25 parts of potassium sulfate, 20 parts of calcium superphosphate, 2 parts of disodium octaborate tetrahydrate and 1000 parts of water; the application amount of the water and fertilizer is 2 m/mu each time, and the water and fertilizer is applied once by a water and fertilizer integrated irrigation system every 10 days.
In addition to the necessary nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in the important growth period of the sugarcane, the remaining microelements such as zinc, manganese, molybdenum, calcium, copper, boron and the like play an important role in increasing the yield and thickening the sugarcane and resisting plant diseases and insect pests; particularly, iron ion elements rich in the water fertilizer have important significance on the growth of the ratoon of the sugarcane, and the growth depth and the growth radius of the ratoon determine the growth vigor and the yield of the ratoon sugarcane in the next year.
The insect-resist agent is prepared by compounding 2 parts of 40% phoxim and 150 parts of water. The sugarcane turtles are main insect pests damaging sugarcane ratoon, and the phoxim insect-resist agent can effectively kill the sugarcane turtles from eating the sugarcane ratoon, so that the ratoon sugarcane in the next year can be protected from successfully sprouting. The phoxim insect-resist agent has high degradation rate and certain control effect on other pests.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the method, the raw sugarcane is directly planted on the basis of the tissue culture seedling, and by utilizing the characteristic of strong tillering capability of the tissue culture seedling, when tillering is generated, the main stem is cut off and can be directly inserted into the side row planting position of a sugarcane field or transplanted into other fields to plant the raw sugarcane, so that the use amount and cost of the tissue culture seedling can be greatly reduced.
2. The dead seed stems of the plants in the side-row planting positions are transplanted to the middle plots to be used as reseeding, the consistency of the growth of sugarcane plants in the middle plots can be guaranteed, the situation that the growth cycle lags behind the plants around due to the fact that a certain sugarcane plant in the middle plots is subjected to death reseeding and sunlight is shielded, the root system is not developed and occupies the growth space by other plants, and finally the phenomenon that the yield of the reseeding plants is reduced is avoided.
3. Cutting off all the rest main stems in 6 months, and performing cuttage and seed reproduction, wherein the obtained seed stems are supplied to sugarcane farmers in the next 2-3 months; cutting the ineffective tillering of the detoxified tissue culture seedlings of the sugarcane in 6-7 months, carrying out cuttage planting, and taking the seedlings as seed stems for sugarcane farmers in 2-3 months in the next year; therefore, in the planting season of the sugarcane in 2-3 months in the next year, a large amount of seed stems of the sugarcane can be obtained for use, and the seed stems do not need to be purchased additionally, so that the planting cost is reduced; the cultivation of the raw material sugarcane and the seedlings is carried out simultaneously, so that the land resource and the seedling cultivation cost are saved. On the other hand, as the main stem is cut off in the early growth stage, the apical dominance of the main stem is removed, the nutrients supplied by the plant can be absorbed by the effective tillers, the ineffective tillers are also cut off, the saved nutrients are all supplied for the growth of the effective tillers, the effective tillers grow rapidly, the sugarcane stalks are thick and strong, and the sugarcane yield is high.
4. In the matrix adopted by the invention, the base fertilizer and the bagasse pith are mixed for use; and the sugarcane pith is filled in the planting holes for cutting the sugarcane stalks, so that the survival rate of the sugarcane cutting seedlings can be improved, and the planting cost is further reduced; promoting the growth and development of the roots of the sugarcane, preventing soil hardening and improving the water and fertilizer storage capacity of the soil.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
a method for directly producing raw sugarcane by using sugarcane tissue culture seedlings comprises the following steps:
(1) after land preparation and soil turning of sugarcane plots or ridge crushing by using a ridge crushing machine, sugarcane planting ditches are formed, the plant spacing is 40cm, the row spacing is 1.2 m, and the sugarcane seedling density is 1200 plants/mu;
(2) planting in 2 months: applying a matrix in the row ditches, then planting the sugarcane detoxification tissue culture seedlings soaked with the seed soaking liquid by using a special sugarcane transplanting machine, and sufficiently spraying root fixing water by using a drip irrigation system;
(3) month 4: after tillering of sugarcane plants, cutting off main stems, transplanting the main stems to another land block for cutting planting, applying a matrix in a row ditch before cutting, and sprinkling sufficient root fixing water by using a drip irrigation system after cutting;
(4) periodically weeding is carried out in the early stage of sugarcane planting, when dead seedlings are found after sugarcane virus-free tissue culture seedlings are planted, the plants in the side rows are transplanted to a reseeding planting position, and then the main stems cut off in the step (3) are cut into the side row transplanting planting position;
(5) after the cutting seedlings are planted, dead seedlings are found, and after the cutting seedlings are tillered, main stems are cut to carry out cutting and reseeding; cutting off all the rest main stems in 6 months, and performing cuttage and seed reproduction, wherein the obtained seed stems are supplied to sugarcane farmers in the next 2-3 months;
(6) cutting the ineffective tillering of the detoxified tissue culture seedlings of the sugarcane in 6-7 months, and carrying out cuttage planting, wherein the method is carried out according to the step (3), and the ineffective tillering can be used as seed stems for sugarcane farmers in 2-3 months in the next year;
(7) in the initial elongation stage of the sugarcane, a drip irrigation system is used for water and fertilizer application and hilling;
(8) in the later growth period of the sugarcane, applying a quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer per mu, wherein the fertilizer application amount is 20kg per mu, and controlling the watering amount;
(9) cutting and harvesting the sugarcane after the sugarcane is mature, loosening soil, fertilizing and watering the ratoon, spraying insect-resist agent to the ratoon, covering a degradable mulching film above the ratoon, protecting the ratoon and promoting germination.
The detoxified tissue culture seedling of the sugarcane is a cassia sugar 08-120 healthy seedling.
The matrix is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 parts of fermented cow dung organic fertilizer, 1 part of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and 3 parts of bagasse pith.
The use method of the matrix comprises the following steps: applying 500kg of matrix per mu; firstly, applying fermented cow dung organic fertilizer to the bottom of a planting ditch, then paving sugarcane pith around a sugarcane cutting position to isolate sugarcane seedlings from the fermented cow dung organic fertilizer, putting sugarcane tissue culture seedlings, and then covering thin soil with the thickness of 3 cm; or the method for cutting the main stem and the ineffective tillering comprises the following steps: punching a planting ditch with the matrix, wherein the hole is punched by a puncher, the hole diameter is 6cm, the hole depth is 10cm, a main stem is obliquely inserted and an ineffective tiller is inserted into a hole, then sugarcane pith is filled into the hole, 200ml of rooting promoter is poured on the sugarcane pith, and then, 3cm of thin soil is covered on the sugarcane pith; after three hours, enough root fixing water can be poured.
The rooting promoter is a mixed solution of indolebutyric acid, naphthylacetic acid and water, and the volume ratio is 1: 4: 500, each planting position is watered with 500ml of rooting promoter.
The seed soaking liquid in the step (2) is composed of the following components in volume count: 1 part of chlorantraniliprole solution with the concentration of 100 mg/L; 2 parts of uniconazole solution with the concentration of 100mg/L and 1 part of prochloraz solution with the concentration of 350mg/L are mixed to form a seed soaking solution to be soaked for 1.5 hours.
The water fertilizer in the step (7) is obtained by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of ferrous sulfate, 10 parts of zinc sulfate, 5 parts of manganese sulfate, 5 parts of copper sulfate, 5 parts of sodium molybdate, 60 parts of urea, 25 parts of potassium sulfate, 20 parts of calcium superphosphate, 2 parts of disodium octaborate tetrahydrate and 1000 parts of water; the application amount of the water and fertilizer is 2 m/mu each time, and the water and fertilizer is applied once by a water and fertilizer integrated irrigation system every 10 days.
The insect-resist agent is prepared by compounding 2 parts of 40% phoxim and 150 parts of water.
Example 2:
a method for directly producing raw sugarcane by using sugarcane tissue culture seedlings comprises the following steps:
(1) after land preparation and soil turning are carried out on sugarcane plots or ridge crushing is carried out by using a ridge crushing machine, sugarcane planting ditches are formed, the plant spacing is 70cm, the row spacing is 1.2 m, and the sugarcane seedling density is 1200 plants/mu;
(2) planting in 2 months: applying a matrix in the row ditches, then planting the sugarcane detoxification tissue culture seedlings soaked with the seed soaking liquid by using a special sugarcane transplanting machine, and sufficiently spraying root fixing water by using a drip irrigation system;
(3) month 4: after tillering of sugarcane plants, cutting off main stems, transplanting the main stems to a side row planting position of a sugarcane field and another plot for cutting planting, applying a matrix in a row ditch before cutting, and sprinkling sufficient root fixing water by using a drip irrigation system after cutting;
(4) periodically weeding is carried out in the early stage of sugarcane planting, when dead seedlings are found after sugarcane virus-free tissue culture seedlings are planted, the plants in the side rows are transplanted to a reseeding planting position, and then the main stems cut off in the step (3) are cut into the side row transplanting planting position;
(5) after the cutting seedlings are planted, dead seedlings are found, and after the cutting seedlings are tillered, main stems are cut to carry out cutting and reseeding; cutting off all the rest main stems in 6 months, and performing cuttage and seed reproduction, wherein the obtained seed stems are supplied to sugarcane farmers in the next 2-3 months;
(6) cutting the ineffective tillering of the detoxified tissue culture seedlings of the sugarcane in 6-7 months, and carrying out cuttage planting, wherein the method is carried out according to the step (3), and the ineffective tillering can be used as seed stems for sugarcane farmers in 2-3 months in the next year;
(7) in the initial elongation stage of the sugarcane, a drip irrigation system is used for water and fertilizer application and hilling;
(8) in the later growth period of the sugarcane, applying a quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer per mu, wherein the fertilizer application amount is 20kg per mu, and controlling the watering amount;
(9) cutting and harvesting the sugarcane after the sugarcane is mature, loosening soil, fertilizing and watering the ratoon, spraying insect-resist agent to the ratoon, covering a degradable mulching film above the ratoon, protecting the ratoon and promoting germination.
The detoxified tissue culture seedling of the sugarcane is a cassia sugar 08-120 healthy seedling.
The matrix is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 parts of fermented cow dung organic fertilizer, 1 part of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and 5 parts of bagasse pith.
The use method of the matrix comprises the following steps: applying 600kg of matrix per mu; (ii) a Firstly, applying fermented cow dung organic fertilizer to the bottom of a planting ditch, then paving sugarcane pith around a sugarcane cutting position to isolate sugarcane seedlings from the fermented cow dung organic fertilizer, putting sugarcane tissue culture seedlings, and then covering thin soil with the thickness of 5 cm; or the method for cutting the main stem and the ineffective tillering comprises the following steps: punching a planting ditch with the matrix, wherein the hole is 7cm in diameter and 15cm in depth, obliquely inserting a main stem and an ineffective tiller into a hole, filling sugarcane pith into the hole, pouring 250ml of a rooting promoter into the sugarcane pith, and covering with thin soil for 4 cm; after three hours, enough root fixing water can be poured.
The rooting promoter is a mixed solution of indolebutyric acid, naphthylacetic acid and water, and the volume ratio is 1: 4: 500, 600ml of rooting promoter is poured into each planting position.
The seed soaking liquid in the step (2) is composed of the following components in volume count: 1 part of chlorantraniliprole solution with the concentration of 100 mg/L; 2 parts of uniconazole solution with the concentration of 100mg/L and 1 part of prochloraz solution with the concentration of 350mg/L are mixed to form a seed soaking solution to be soaked for 1.5 hours.
The water fertilizer in the step (7) is obtained by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of ferrous sulfate, 10 parts of zinc sulfate, 5 parts of manganese sulfate, 5 parts of copper sulfate, 5 parts of sodium molybdate, 60 parts of urea, 25 parts of potassium sulfate, 20 parts of calcium superphosphate, 2 parts of disodium octaborate tetrahydrate and 1000 parts of water; the application amount of the water and fertilizer is 2 m/mu each time, and the water and fertilizer is applied once by a water and fertilizer integrated irrigation system every 10 days.
The insect-resist agent is prepared by compounding 2 parts of 40% phoxim and 150 parts of water.
Example 3:
a method for directly producing raw sugarcane by using sugarcane tissue culture seedlings comprises the following steps:
(1) after land preparation and soil turning are carried out on sugarcane plots or ridge crushing is carried out by using a ridge crushing machine, sugarcane planting ditches are formed, the plant spacing is 60cm, the row spacing is 1.2 m, and the density of sugarcane seedlings is 1100 plants/mu;
(2) planting in 2 months: applying a matrix in the row ditches, then planting the sugarcane detoxification tissue culture seedlings soaked with the seed soaking liquid by using a special sugarcane transplanting machine, and sufficiently spraying root fixing water by using a drip irrigation system;
(3) month 4: after tillering of sugarcane plants, cutting off main stems, transplanting the main stems to another land block for cutting planting, applying a matrix in a row ditch before cutting, and sprinkling sufficient root fixing water by using a drip irrigation system after cutting;
(4) periodically weeding is carried out in the early stage of sugarcane planting, when dead seedlings are found after sugarcane virus-free tissue culture seedlings are planted, the plants in the side rows are transplanted to a reseeding planting position, and then the main stems cut off in the step (3) are cut into the side row transplanting planting position;
(5) after the cutting seedlings are planted, dead seedlings are found, and after the cutting seedlings are tillered, main stems are cut to carry out cutting and reseeding; cutting off all the rest main stems in 6 months, and performing cuttage and seed reproduction, wherein the obtained seed stems are supplied to sugarcane farmers in the next 2-3 months;
(6) cutting the ineffective tillering of the detoxified tissue culture seedlings of the sugarcane in 6-7 months, and carrying out cuttage planting, wherein the method is carried out according to the step (3), and the ineffective tillering can be used as seed stems for sugarcane farmers in 2-3 months in the next year;
(7) in the initial elongation stage of the sugarcane, a drip irrigation system is used for water and fertilizer application and hilling;
(8) in the later growth period of the sugarcane, applying a quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer per mu, wherein the fertilizer application amount is 20kg per mu, and controlling the watering amount;
(9) cutting and harvesting the sugarcane after the sugarcane is mature, loosening soil, fertilizing and watering the ratoon, spraying insect-resist agent to the ratoon, covering a degradable mulching film above the ratoon, protecting the ratoon and promoting germination.
The detoxified tissue culture seedling of the sugarcane is a cassia sugar 08-120 healthy seedling.
The matrix is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4 parts of fermented cow dung organic fertilizer, 1 part of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and 4 parts of bagasse pith.
The use method of the matrix comprises the following steps: applying 550kg of matrix per mu; firstly, applying fermented cow dung organic fertilizer to the bottom of a planting ditch, then paving sugarcane pith around a sugarcane cutting position to isolate sugarcane seedlings from the fermented cow dung organic fertilizer and a potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, putting sugarcane tissue culture seedlings, and then covering thin soil with the thickness of 4 cm; or the method for cutting the main stem and the ineffective tillering comprises the following steps: punching a planting ditch with the matrix applied, wherein the hole is punched by a puncher, the hole diameter is 6cm, the hole depth is 12cm, a main stem is obliquely inserted and an ineffective tiller is put into a hole, then sugarcane pith is filled into the hole, 2200ml of rooting promoter is poured on the sugarcane pith, and then, the thin soil is covered for 4 cm; after three hours, enough root fixing water can be poured.
The rooting promoter is a mixed solution of indolebutyric acid, naphthylacetic acid and water, and the volume ratio is 1: 4: 500, each planting position is watered with 550ml of rooting promoter.
The seed soaking liquid in the step (2) is composed of the following components in volume count: 1 part of chlorantraniliprole solution with the concentration of 100 mg/L; 2 parts of uniconazole solution with the concentration of 100mg/L and 1 part of prochloraz solution with the concentration of 350mg/L are mixed to form a seed soaking solution to be soaked for 1.5 hours.
The water fertilizer in the step (7) is obtained by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of ferrous sulfate, 10 parts of zinc sulfate, 5 parts of manganese sulfate, 5 parts of copper sulfate, 5 parts of sodium molybdate, 60 parts of urea, 25 parts of potassium sulfate, 20 parts of calcium superphosphate, 2 parts of disodium octaborate tetrahydrate and 1000 parts of water; the application amount of the water and fertilizer is 2 m/mu each time, and the water and fertilizer is applied once by a water and fertilizer integrated irrigation system every 10 days.
The insect-resist agent is prepared by compounding 2 parts of 40% phoxim and 150 parts of water.
The application example is as follows:
calculating the cutting planting cost:
according to the statistics of the applicant, when about 1100 sugarcane/mu tissue culture seedlings are used in the sugarcane field, the main stem cut off after each sugarcane is tillered is 1100 sugarcane/mu, and the main stem is supplied to other plots for cutting planting.
According to the cost measurement and calculation, the situation of the same plot area can be met only by considering the plant cost and the planting operation cost on the assumption that the influence of other factors is avoided:
the purchasing cost of the sugarcane tissue culture seedlings is 1 yuan per plant; the planting cost of the sugarcane tissue culture seedlings is 0.1 yuan per plant; the main stem cost of one strain is cut and planted to be 0.16 yuan/strain;
the conventional sugarcane seeds using raw material sugarcane knots per mu are 0.8 ton/mu, 4000 + 5000 sugarcane buds exist, the price of the raw material sugarcane is 490-520 Yuan/ton, and the average price is 495 Yuan/ton; the method is characterized in that the raw material cane burls need to be manually cut into seeds, the cane burls are cut into lengths of about 200mm, 1.5 workers need to be consumed for cutting 0.8 ton of raw material cane into cane burls, and the labor cost of each worker is 120 yuan/day;
if calculated according to the above basic data:
although the cost of the raw material sugarcane is slightly higher than that of the raw material sugarcane seeds in the planting stage of the single sugarcane by using the method, the tillering capability of the tissue culture seedlings of the sugarcane is higher than that of the raw material sugarcane seeds, and the obtained ineffective tillering can be used for cultivating the sugarcane seeds used in the next year after stem shearing; in addition, for the crops depending on the squeezing season, more raw material sugar cane can be saved in the squeezing season for sugar production, more land is saved to participate in the planting circulation of the raw material sugar cane, and the method has great significance; on the other hand, when the sugarcane tissue culture seedlings are used for planting, the roots of sugarcane plants grow luxuriantly, the number of tillering effective buds is large, the perennial root is long, and the long-term cost is certainly superior to the mode of planting sugarcane nodes which uses raw materials.
Planting survival rate experiment under matrix condition:
the fermented cow dung organic fertilizer is produced by Guangxi four-field animal husbandry limited company, the water content is less than or equal to 30 percent, the organic matter is more than or equal to 50 percent, the pH value is 5.8-8.0, and the total nutrient is N + P2O5+K2O≥6%；
The bagasse pulp is produced by removing the pulp from bagasse of Guangxi Yao group Limited company, and is air-dried, the weight content of bagasse in the bagasse pulp is less than 10%, the bagasse is short fiber, and the water content is 30-40%.
Comparative example 1 is that 4 parts of fermented cow dung organic fertilizer is added into a planting ditch, sugarcane-node sugarcane seeds, sugarcane tissue culture seedlings and cutting main stems are planted, sugarcane pith is not put into the planting ditch, and the cutting main stems are not treated by a rooting agent; directly watering root fixing water thoroughly;
comparative example 2 adding 4 parts of fermented cow dung organic fertilizer and 4 parts of bagasse pith into the planting ditch; applying 550kg of matrix per mu; firstly, applying fermented cow dung organic fertilizer to the bottom of a planting ditch, then laying sugarcane pith above the organic fertilizer to isolate sugarcane seedlings from the fermented cow dung organic fertilizer, applying sugarcane-node sugarcane seeds, sugarcane tissue culture seedlings or cutting main stems, then covering with thin soil with the thickness of 4cm, and then thoroughly watering for fixing roots.
Comparative example 3 adding 4 parts of fermented cow dung organic fertilizer and 4 parts of bagasse pith into the planting ditch; applying 550kg of matrix per mu; firstly applying fermented cow dung organic fertilizer to the bottom of a planting ditch, then paving sugarcane pith above the organic fertilizer to isolate sugarcane seedlings from the fermented cow dung organic fertilizer, applying sugarcane-saving sugarcane seeds, sugarcane tissue culture seedlings or a cutting main stem, soaking a rooting promoting liquid before the cutting main stem, wherein the rooting promoting liquid is a mixed solution of indolebutyric acid, naphthylacetic acid and water, and the volume ratio is 1: 4: 200, filling soil into the planting furrows after cuttage, then covering thin soil with the thickness of 4cm, and then thoroughly watering the roots.
In the embodiment 3, 4 parts of fermented cow dung organic fertilizer and 4 parts of bagasse pith are added into the planting ditch; applying 550kg of matrix per mu; firstly applying fermented cow dung organic fertilizer to the bottom of a planting ditch, then paving sugarcane pith above the organic fertilizer to isolate sugarcane seedlings from the fermented cow dung organic fertilizer, applying sugarcane-node sugarcane seeds, sugarcane tissue culture seedlings or cuttage main stems, filling the sugarcane pith into holes, pouring 550ml of rooting promoter, mixed solution of indolebutyric acid, naphthylacetic acid and water on the sugarcane pith, wherein the volume ratio is 1: 4: 500, covering with thin soil of 4 cm; after three hours, enough root fixing water can be poured.
About 4800 sugarcane plants were planted in the experimental base for sugarcane in Chongxi, Lei city, Guangxi, including 1200 plants of comparative example 1 (containing 300 sugarcane seeds, 300 tissue culture seedlings and 300 cuttage main stems), 1200 plants of comparative example 2 (containing 300 sugarcane seeds, 300 tissue culture seedlings and 300 cuttage main stems), 1200 plants of comparative example 3 (containing 300 sugarcane seeds, 300 tissue culture seedlings and 300 cuttage main stems) and 1200 plants of example 3 (containing 300 sugarcane seeds, 300 tissue culture seedlings and 300 cuttage main stems), and the statistical survival rates of main stems of sugarcane seeds, tissue culture seedlings and cuttage seedlings were as follows:
according to the data, the invention has certain promotion effect on the survival rate after the sugarcane pith cushion layer and the sugarcane-node sugarcane seeds are soaked or irrigated with the rooting promoter; for tissue culture seedlings, the influence of the rooting promoter after soaking or irrigating is not obvious; but for the main stem of the cuttage, the survival rate of the rooting promoter after the sugarcane pith is used and soaked or irrigated is more obvious, the effect of the sugarcane pith cushion layer and the sugarcane pith filling is the best by adopting the invention, and the survival rate of the plant is the highest.
Per mu yield data statistics of ratoon sugarcane:
in a sugarcane experimental base in Chong left city in Guangxi, under the same natural conditions, in example 3, osmanthus sugar 08-120 healthy tissue culture seedlings are used for planting 2 mu of land parcels, 1100 tissue culture seedling original seedlings and 1100 cutting seedlings are used for planting in the first year, and the land parcels are planted with ratoon sugarcane to produce raw material sugarcane;
the comparative example adopts the raw material of the osmanthus sugar 08-120, namely, the sugarcane-node sugarcane seeds to plant 2 mu of land parcels; planting full-sugarcane-saving sugarcane seeds in the first year, and planting production raw sugarcane by fertilizing according to the embodiment 3, wherein the perennial sugarcane seeds are planted in the future;
statistical comparison of 5-year yield (unit: kg/mu):
as can be seen from the above, the method for producing the raw sugarcane by using the tissue culture seedling provided by the invention has the advantages that the yield of the raw sugarcane is produced in 5 years at the perennial root, the cliff type yield reduction situation does not occur, and the yield reduction amplitude is reduced by about 8.5% compared with that in the first year.
In contrast, the method of the comparative example, in which raw sugarcane is produced using sugar cane seeds, the yield begins to decrease greatly in the fourth year, and the yield in the fifth year is only about 70% of that in the first year.
The reason is that the detoxified tissue culture seedling and the main stem, tillering stem and ineffective tillering of the detoxified tissue culture seedling have sufficient underground bud bank, the grown perennial root has sufficient seedling number, the perennial root can be prolonged for 1-2 years, and the yield is stable.
Claims (9)
1. A method for directly producing raw sugarcane by using sugarcane tissue culture seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) after the land preparation and the soil turning of the sugarcane field block or the ridge grinding by using a ridge grinding machine, opening sugarcane planting ditches, wherein the plant spacing is 40-70cm, the row spacing is 1.2 m, and the sugarcane seedling density is 1000-plus 1200 plants/mu;
(2) planting in 2 months: applying a matrix in the row ditches, then planting the sugarcane detoxification tissue culture seedlings soaked with the seed soaking liquid by using a special sugarcane transplanting machine, and sufficiently spraying root fixing water by using a drip irrigation system;
(3) month 4: after tillering of sugarcane plants, cutting off main stems, transplanting the main stems to another land block for cutting planting, applying a matrix in a row ditch before cutting, and sprinkling sufficient root fixing water by using a drip irrigation system after cutting;
(4) periodically weeding is carried out in the early stage of sugarcane planting, when dead seedlings are found after sugarcane virus-free tissue culture seedlings are planted, the plants in the side rows are transplanted to a reseeding planting position, and then the main stems cut off in the step (3) are cut into the side row transplanting planting position;
(5) after the cutting seedlings are planted, dead seedlings are found, and after the cutting seedlings are tillered, main stems are cut to carry out cutting and reseeding; cutting off all the rest main stems in 6 months, and performing cuttage and seed reproduction, wherein the obtained seed stems are supplied to sugarcane farmers in the next 2-3 months;
(6) cutting the ineffective tillering of the detoxified tissue culture seedlings of the sugarcane in 6-7 months, and carrying out cuttage planting, wherein the method is carried out according to the step (3), and the ineffective tillering can be used as seed stems for sugarcane farmers in 2-3 months in the next year;
(7) in the initial elongation stage of the sugarcane, a drip irrigation system is used for water and fertilizer application and hilling;
(8) in the later growth period of the sugarcane, applying a quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer per mu, wherein the fertilizer application amount is 20kg per mu, and controlling the watering amount;
(9) cutting and harvesting the sugarcane after the sugarcane is mature, loosening soil, fertilizing and watering the ratoon, spraying insect-resist agent to the ratoon, covering a degradable mulching film above the ratoon, protecting the ratoon and promoting germination.
2. The method for directly producing the raw sugarcane by the sugarcane tissue culture seedlings according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the detoxified tissue culture seedling of the sugarcane is a cassia sugar 08-120 healthy seedling.
3. The method for directly producing the raw sugarcane by the sugarcane tissue culture seedlings according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: and (3) at the side row planting position of the sugarcane field in the step (2), the main stems of the tillered plants can be cut off for planting.
4. The method for directly producing the raw sugarcane by the sugarcane tissue culture seedlings according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the matrix is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 parts of fermented cow dung organic fertilizer and 3-5 parts of bagasse pith.
5. The method for directly producing the raw sugarcane by the sugarcane tissue culture seedlings according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the use method of the matrix comprises the following steps: 500-600kg of matrix is applied per mu; firstly, applying fermented cow dung organic fertilizer to the bottom of a planting ditch, then paving sugarcane pith around a sugarcane cutting position to isolate sugarcane seedlings from the fermented cow dung organic fertilizer, putting sugarcane tissue culture seedlings, and then covering thin soil with the thickness of 3-5 cm; or the method for cutting the main stem and the ineffective tillering comprises the following steps: punching a planting ditch with the matrix, wherein the hole is punched by a puncher, the aperture is 6-7cm, the hole depth is 10-150cm, a main stem is obliquely inserted and an ineffective tiller is inserted into a hole, then sugarcane pith is filled into the hole, a rooting promoter 200 plus 250ml is poured on the sugarcane pith, and then, the thin soil is covered for 3-4 cm; after three hours, enough root fixing water can be poured.
6. The method for directly producing the raw sugarcane by the sugarcane tissue culture seedlings according to claim 5, characterized by comprising the following steps: the rooting promoter is a mixed solution of indolebutyric acid, naphthylacetic acid and water, and the volume ratio is 1: 4: 500, 500ml of rooting promoter is poured into each planting position, and 600ml of rooting promoter is poured into each planting position.
7. The method for directly producing the raw sugarcane by the sugarcane tissue culture seedlings according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the seed soaking liquid in the step (2) is composed of the following components in volume count: 1 part of chlorantraniliprole solution with the concentration of 100 mg/L; 2 parts of uniconazole solution with the concentration of 100mg/L and 1 part of prochloraz solution with the concentration of 350mg/L are mixed to form a seed soaking solution to be soaked for 1.5 hours.
8. The method for directly producing the raw sugarcane by the sugarcane tissue culture seedlings according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the water fertilizer in the step (7) is obtained by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of ferrous sulfate, 10 parts of zinc sulfate, 5 parts of manganese sulfate, 5 parts of copper sulfate, 5 parts of sodium molybdate, 60 parts of urea, 25 parts of potassium sulfate, 20 parts of calcium superphosphate, 2 parts of disodium octaborate tetrahydrate and 1000 parts of water; the application amount of the water and fertilizer is 2 m/mu each time, and the water and fertilizer is applied once by a water and fertilizer integrated irrigation system every 10 days.
9. The method for directly producing the raw sugarcane by the sugarcane tissue culture seedlings according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the insect-resist agent is prepared by compounding 2 parts of 40% phoxim and 150 parts of water.
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