CN111789005A - Comprehensive planting and breeding method for rice, rice and shrimp - Google Patents

Comprehensive planting and breeding method for rice, rice and shrimp Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111789005A
CN111789005A CN202010734198.1A CN202010734198A CN111789005A CN 111789005 A CN111789005 A CN 111789005A CN 202010734198 A CN202010734198 A CN 202010734198A CN 111789005 A CN111789005 A CN 111789005A
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rice
shrimp
breeding
field
months
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黄庆明
毛泽俊
毛竹青
孙权
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Hunan Agricultural Science And Technology Development Co ltd
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Hunan Agricultural Science And Technology Development Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20—Cereals
    • A01G22/22—Rice
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
    • A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of comprehensive planting and breeding, and discloses a comprehensive planting and breeding method for rice, rice and shrimps, which comprises the following steps: rice field transformation; transplanting waterweed; planting and breeding mode selection: selecting a double cropping rice and shrimp breeding mode as a rice, rice and shrimp comprehensive breeding mode, and carrying out seed shrimp throwing and rice cultivation; managing rice and shrimps; harvesting rice and shrimps; and (5) rice field management. The comprehensive rice and shrimp breeding method provided by the invention is a double cropping rice and shrimp breeding mode, the core of the double cropping rice and shrimp mode is the separation of crayfish seedling breeding and crayfish finished product shrimp breeding, 20% of the existing rice field is subjected to double cropping rice and crayfish seedling breeding, 80% of the existing rice field is subjected to double cropping rice and crayfish finished product shrimp breeding, and the double improvement of the quality of crayfish seedlings and crayfish finished products shrimp is realized. The invention can also improve the grain production capacity of the rice field, enhance the market competitiveness, realize double benefits of grains and shrimps and improve the rice farmer income.

Description

Comprehensive planting and breeding method for rice, rice and shrimp
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of comprehensive planting and breeding, and particularly relates to a comprehensive planting and breeding method for rice, rice and shrimps.
Background
At present, rice field planting is an ecological agriculture planting and breeding mode with planting and breeding combination, rice and fishing symbiosis and rice and fishing complementation. On one hand, the introduced animals can influence the growth of rice by changing the system composition and influencing the relation between energy flow and food nutrition; on the other hand, rice production can be influenced directly or by improving the environmental conditions. A large number of research results show that the growth and development of rice cultured in the rice field are better than those of the traditional rice field, mainly manifested in that rice plants are dark green and luxuriant, the plants are tall and big, the heading is regular, the yield factors such as the rice ear length, the effective ear number, the total grain number, the number of solid grains and the like are changed, the photosynthesis rate, the rice root activity and the like are improved, the rice yield is further improved, and the average yield of the rice is increased by 5-24%.
The rice and shrimp co-farming mode is a three-dimensional ecological agricultural production mode organically combining the planting industry and the aquaculture industry, and can realize the effects of planting rice on the field surface, breeding shrimps in water, fertilizing the field with shrimp manure and realizing the rice and shrimp symbiosis. However, the existing comprehensive rice and shrimp breeding mode has low shrimp fry yield, late emergence of seedlings and poor quality, and cannot realize the comprehensive rice and shrimp breeding target. Therefore, a new comprehensive planting and breeding method for rice and shrimp is needed.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows: the existing comprehensive rice and shrimp breeding mode has the defects of low shrimp seedling yield, late emergence of seedlings and poor quality, and cannot realize the comprehensive rice and shrimp breeding target.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a comprehensive planting and breeding method for rice, rice and shrimps.
The invention is realized in such a way that the comprehensive planting and breeding method for the rice, the rice and the shrimps comprises the following steps:
step one, rice field transformation: applying a special compound slow-release fertilizer for co-culture of rice and shrimps in a field, and excavating a U-shaped ditch around the field to facilitate the entry and exit of mechanical equipment; excavating parallel culture ditches every 3-5 m in the field, and communicating the ditches and the field; the periphery of the ridge is reinforced and planted with grass, the periphery is provided with a fence, and the water inlet and outlet of the field ditch are provided with a fine net;
step two, transplanting aquatic weeds: spraying 40ppm chlorine dioxide solution to the rice and shrimp culture ditches and culture protection dams, airing for 4-7 days, and filling water into culture fields, wherein the height of the water surface is 6-9 cm; transplanting submerged plants according to the amount of 25-35% of the water surface area of the rice and shrimp culture ditch;
step three, planting and breeding mode selection: after the submerged plants are disinfected and transplanted for 20-25 days, selecting a double cropping rice and shrimp breeding mode as a rice, rice and shrimp comprehensive breeding mode, and carrying out seed shrimp throwing and rice cultivation;
the double cropping rice and shrimp breeding mode is early rice, late rice and crayfish; the double cropping rice and shrimp breeding mode comprises the following steps: 2, throwing seedlings in the middle and last ten days of month, catching at the beginning of 4 months, producing more than 90% of crayfish before 20 days of 4 months, mechanically transplanting early rice before 1 day of 5 months, harvesting early rice before 20 days of 7 months, and harvesting late rice before the bottom of 10 months;
the double cropping rice and shrimp breeding mode is double cropping rice and shrimp; the double cropping rice and shrimp breeding mode comprises the following steps: fertilizing water in 10 months, throwing seedlings in 11 months, catching at the beginning of 3 months next year, producing more than 80% of crayfish 20 days before 4 months, mechanically transplanting early rice 1 day before 5 months, harvesting early rice 25 days before 7 months, and harvesting late rice 10 months before the end;
step four, managing the rice and the shrimps: the shrimp manure provides nutrients for the rice in the growth period, and when the pesticide is needed, the pesticide with low toxicity and high efficiency is used in a targeted manner; draining before spraying to ensure that no obvious water is accumulated in the field, controlling the pesticide not to be sprayed into water during spraying, and timely changing water after spraying;
step five, harvesting rice and shrimps: reasonably fishing, adopting a ground cage to catch the prawns in the early stage, and leaving the prawns to continue growing; draining water before harvesting the rice to catch shrimps, and harvesting the rice in time after the rice is mature;
step six, rice field management: after harvesting the rice and shrimp breeding fields, applying farmyard organic fertilizer in an amount of 350-400 kg per mu; after ploughing, spraying 1200 times of diluent of 1.8% abamectin on the soil, airing for 10-13 days, and waiting for the next year to comprehensively cultivate rice, rice and shrimps.
Further, in the step one, a rice field which is good in ecological environment, far away from a pollution source, soil, sufficient in water source, convenient to irrigate and drain, free of waterlogging and drought and good in water retention performance is selected for the rice field, and the area of the rice field is 15-20 mu.
Further, in the first step, the special compound slow release fertilizer for co-culture of rice and shrimps comprises, by mass, 40-45 parts of an organic fertilizer, 30-40 parts of ammonium nitrate, 25-35 parts of ground phosphate rock, 20-30 parts of a potash magnesium sulphate fertilizer, 10-15 parts of a soil conditioner and 3-5 parts of a compound microbial inoculum.
Further, in the first step, the width of the parallel culture ditches is 1.5-2.2 m, the slope ratio is 1:1.5, and the depth is 0.8-1.4 m.
Further, in the first step, the ridge is 0.8-1.0 meter higher than the field surface, the ridge bottom is 4-5 meters wide, and the ridge top is 2-3 meters wide.
Further, in the second step, the submerged plant is one or any combination of two to six of waterweed, hydrilla verticillata, curly pondweed, goldfish algae, polygrass and eel grass.
Further, in the third step, the feeding specification of the seed shrimps is 1.2-1.5 cm, and the stocking amount per mu is 50-70 kg;
the rice cultivation method comprises the following steps: transplanting rice seedlings by a conventional method, wherein each 5 transplanted rows are empty and one row is used as a working row; the planting density of the rice is 25-30 stumps/m2。
Further, in the fourth step, in the pesticide selection, 0.1-0.15 kg of 30% isoprothiolane is used for preventing and treating rice blast per mu, 6-12 mL of 25% ai seedling is used for preventing and treating sheath blight per mu, and 8-15 mL of 25% chlorantraniliprole is used for preventing and treating rice stem borers per mu.
Further, in the step five, in the adult shrimp fishing, 2.5-3.0 cm mesh cages are adopted for fishing, namely, when fishing is started, water does not need to be drained, the shrimp cages are directly distributed in a rice field and a shrimp ditch, a place is changed every few days, when the capturing amount is gradually reduced, water in the rice field is drained, so that the crayfishes fall into the shrimp ditch, and then the crayfishes are concentrated in the shrimp ditch to be placed in the cage until commodity crayfishes cannot be caught.
Further, in the fifth step, in the rice harvesting, water in the rice field is discharged 15-16 days before the yellow ripeness of the rice, so that the crayfishes fall into the shrimp ditches and are concentrated in the sun-cured field, and the crayfishes are mechanically harvested after 85% of the yellow ripeness of the rice.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the comprehensive rice and shrimp breeding method provided by the invention is a double cropping rice and shrimp breeding mode, the core of the double cropping rice and shrimp mode is the separation of crayfish seedling breeding and crayfish finished product shrimp breeding, 20% of the existing rice field is subjected to double cropping rice and crayfish seedling breeding, 80% of the existing rice field is subjected to double cropping rice and crayfish finished product shrimp breeding, and the double improvement of the quality of crayfish seedlings and crayfish finished products shrimp is realized.
The advantages of the double cropping rice and shrimp mode provided by the invention comprise: crayfish seedling is bred in the field of two season rice + crayfish seedling, and the finished product shrimp of crayfish is bred in the field of two season rice + finished product shrimp of crayfish, realizes accurate power: feeding (type, specification and quantity), managing water (quantity and quality), fertilizing (quality and period), culturing grass (hydrilla verticillata and elodea nutans), culturing prawn and fertilizing prawn; strong seedling and early seedling. The double cropping rice and shrimp mode provided by the invention improves the specifications and quality of finished crayfishes and crayfish seedlings, and seedlings emerge early and grow large; early shrimp emergence and big shrimp emergence; the market competitiveness is enhanced, the price is high, the selling is pretty, and the output value is improved by more than 20 percent; the production capacity of grains in the rice field is improved, the harvest of grains and shrimps is realized, and the income of rice farmers is improved.
The core of the double cropping rice and shrimp mode provided by the invention is that the feeding period of the crayfish seedlings is 3 to 5 months earlier than that of the existing large-area production method.
The advantages of the double cropping rice and shrimp mode provided by the invention comprise: the crayfish is caught from 3 months to 4 months and 20 days, the price is high, the crayfish is easy to sell, and the shrimp pest of 5 months is avoided. The double-cropping rice and shrimp mode provided by the invention improves the commodity competitiveness, avoids the environment and market risks, and improves the output value by more than 20% when the crayfishes are out of the pond in a high-price period; the production capacity of the grain in the rice field is improved, grain and shrimp are profitable, and the rice farmer income is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a comprehensive planting and breeding method for rice, rice and shrimp provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a planting mode selection method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a comprehensive planting and breeding mode of double cropping rice and shrimps provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a comprehensive planting and breeding mode of double cropping rice and shrimps provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a comprehensive planting and breeding method for rice, rice and shrimps, which is described in detail in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the comprehensive planting and breeding method for rice, rice and shrimp provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101, step one, rice field transformation: applying a special compound slow-release fertilizer for co-culture of rice and shrimps in a field, and excavating a U-shaped ditch around the field to facilitate the entry and exit of mechanical equipment; excavating parallel culture ditches every 3-5 m in the field, and communicating the ditches and the field; the periphery of the ridge is reinforced and planted with grass, the periphery is provided with a fence, and the water inlet and outlet of the field ditch are provided with a fine net;
s102, transplanting aquatic weeds: spraying 40ppm chlorine dioxide solution to the rice and shrimp culture ditches and culture protection dams, airing for 4-7 days, and filling water into culture fields, wherein the height of the water surface is 6-9 cm; transplanting submerged plants according to the amount of 25-35% of the water surface area of the rice and shrimp culture ditch;
s103, planting and breeding mode selection: after the submerged plants are disinfected and transplanted for 20-25 days, selecting a double cropping rice and shrimp breeding mode as a rice, rice and shrimp comprehensive breeding mode, and carrying out seed shrimp throwing and rice cultivation;
the double cropping rice and shrimp breeding mode is early rice, late rice and crayfish; the double cropping rice and shrimp breeding mode comprises the following steps: 2, throwing seedlings in the middle and last ten days of month, catching at the beginning of 4 months, producing more than 90% of crayfish before 20 days of 4 months, mechanically transplanting early rice before 1 day of 5 months, harvesting early rice before 20 days of 7 months, and harvesting late rice before the bottom of 10 months;
the double cropping rice and shrimp breeding mode is double cropping rice and shrimp; the double cropping rice and shrimp breeding mode comprises the following steps: fertilizing water in 10 months, throwing seedlings in 11 months, catching at the beginning of 3 months next year, producing more than 80% of crayfish 20 days before 4 months, mechanically transplanting early rice 1 day before 5 months, harvesting early rice 25 days before 7 months, and harvesting late rice 10 months before the end;
s104, rice and shrimp management: the shrimp manure provides nutrients for the rice in the growth period, and when the pesticide is needed, the pesticide with low toxicity and high efficiency is used in a targeted manner; draining before spraying to ensure that no obvious water is accumulated in the field, controlling the pesticide not to be sprayed into water during spraying, and timely changing water after spraying;
s105, harvesting rice and shrimps: reasonably fishing, adopting a ground cage to catch the prawns in the early stage, and leaving the prawns to continue growing; draining water before harvesting the rice to catch shrimps, and harvesting the rice in time after the rice is mature;
s106, rice field management: after harvesting the rice and shrimp breeding fields, applying farmyard organic fertilizer in an amount of 350-400 kg per mu; after ploughing, spraying 1200 times of diluent of 1.8% abamectin on the soil, airing for 10-13 days, and waiting for the next year to comprehensively cultivate rice, rice and shrimps.
In the step S101 provided by the embodiment of the present invention, a rice field having a good ecological environment, a distance from a pollution source, soil quality of loam, a sufficient water source, convenience in irrigation and drainage, no waterlogging, no drought, and good water retention performance is selected for the rice field, and the area of the rice field is 15-20 mu.
In the step S101 provided by the embodiment of the invention, the special compound slow-release fertilizer for co-culture of rice and shrimps comprises, by mass, 40-45 parts of an organic fertilizer, 30-40 parts of ammonium nitrate, 25-35 parts of ground phosphate rock, 20-30 parts of a potash magnesium sulphate fertilizer, 10-15 parts of a soil conditioner and 3-5 parts of a compound microbial inoculum.
In step S101 provided by the embodiment of the invention, the width of the parallel cultivation ditch is 1.5-2.2 m, the slope ratio is 1:1.5, and the depth is 0.8-1.4 m.
In the step S101 provided by the embodiment of the invention, the ridge is 0.8-1.0 meter higher than the field surface, the ridge bottom is 4-5 meters wide, and the top is 2-3 meters wide.
In step S102 provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the submerged plant is one or any combination of two to six of waterweed, hydrilla verticillata, curly pondweed, goldfish algae, pondweed, and eel grass.
As shown in fig. 2, in step S103, the planting and breeding mode selects a double cropping rice and shrimp planting and breeding mode as a rice, rice and shrimp comprehensive planting and breeding mode;
the double cropping rice and shrimp breeding mode is early rice, late rice and crayfish; the double cropping rice and shrimp breeding mode comprises the following steps: 2, throwing seedlings in the middle and last ten days of month, catching at the beginning of 4 months, producing more than 90% of crayfish before 20 days of 4 months, mechanically transplanting early rice before 1 day of 5 months, harvesting early rice before 20 days of 7 months, and harvesting late rice before the bottom of 10 months;
the double cropping rice and shrimp breeding mode is double cropping rice and shrimp; the double cropping rice and shrimp breeding mode comprises the following steps: fertilizing water in 10 months, throwing seedlings in 11 months, catching the crayfishes early in 3 months next year, producing more than 80% of crayfishes 20 days before 4 months, mechanically transplanting early rice 1 day before 5 months, harvesting early rice 25 days before 7 months, and harvesting late rice 10 months before the bottom.
In the step S103 provided by the embodiment of the invention, the feeding specification of the seed shrimps is 1.2-1.5 cm, and the breeding amount per mu is 50-70 kg; the rice cultivation method comprises the following steps: transplanting rice seedlings by a conventional method, wherein each 5 transplanted rows are empty and one row is used as a working row; the planting density of the rice is 25-30 stumps/m2。
In the step S104 provided by the embodiment of the invention, in the pesticide selection, 0.1-0.15 kg of 30% isoprothiolane is used for preventing and treating rice blast per mu, 6-12 mL of 25% ai seedling is used for preventing and treating sheath blight per mu, and 8-15 mL of 25% chlorantraniliprole is used for preventing and treating rice borer per mu.
In the step S105 provided by the embodiment of the invention, in the adult shrimp fishing, 2.5-3.0 cm mesh cages are adopted for fishing, namely, when the fishing is started, water does not need to be drained, the shrimp cages are directly distributed in a rice field and a shrimp ditch, a place is changed every few days, when the capturing amount is gradually reduced, water in the rice field is drained, so that the crayfish falls into the shrimp ditch, and then the crayfish is concentrated in the shrimp ditch to be placed in the cage until commodity crayfish cannot be caught.
In the step S105 provided by the embodiment of the invention, during the rice harvesting, water in the rice field is discharged 15-16 days before the yellow ripeness of the rice, so that the crayfishes fall into the shrimp ditches and are concentrated in the sun-dried field, and the crayfishes are mechanically harvested after 85% of the yellow ripeness of the rice.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1: double cropping rice and shrimp mode
The comprehensive planting and breeding mode of the double cropping rice and the shrimps provided by the embodiment of the invention is shown in figure 3.
1. Planting and breeding contents: early rice, late rice, and crayfish.
2. The technical procedures are as follows: the seedlings are thrown in the middle and late ten days of 2 months, caught at the beginning of 4 months, more than 90% of crayfish are produced 4 months and 20 days ago, early rice is mechanically transplanted (thrown) 5 months and 1 day ago, the early rice is harvested 7 months and 20 days ago, and the late rice is harvested 10 months and 10 months ago.
3. The mode is characterized in that: the method is characterized in that crayfish seedling cultivation and crayfish finished product shrimp cultivation are separated, 20% of the existing rice field is subjected to double cropping rice and crayfish seedling, 80% of the existing rice field is subjected to double cropping rice and crayfish finished product shrimp, and the quality of the crayfish seedling and the crayfish finished product shrimp is improved.
4. The mode has the advantages that: crayfish seedling is bred in the field of two season rice + crayfish seedling, and the finished product shrimp of crayfish is bred in the field of two season rice + finished product shrimp of crayfish, realizes accurate power: feeding (type, specification and quantity), managing water (quantity and quality), fertilizing (quality and period), culturing grass (hydrilla verticillata and elodea nutans), culturing prawn and fertilizing prawn; strong seedling and early seedling.
5. And (3) comprehensive analysis: the specifications and the quality of the finished crayfish and crayfish seedlings are improved, and the seedlings emerge early and grow into big seedlings; early shrimp emergence and big shrimp emergence; the market competitiveness is enhanced, the price is high, the selling is pretty, and the output value is improved by more than 20 percent. The production capacity of grains in the rice field is improved, the harvest of grains and shrimps is realized, and the income of rice farmers is improved.
Example 2: double cropping rice and shrimp mode
The comprehensive planting and breeding mode of the double cropping rice and the shrimps provided by the embodiment of the invention is shown in figure 4.
1. Planting and breeding contents: early rice, late rice, and crayfish.
2. The technical procedures are as follows: fertilizing water in 10 months, throwing seedlings in 11 months, catching the crayfishes early in 3 months next year, producing more than 80% of crayfishes 20 days before 4 months, mechanically transplanting (throwing) early rice 1 day before 5 months, harvesting the early rice 25 days before 7 months, and harvesting the late rice 10 months before the end.
3. The mode is characterized in that: the core is that the feeding period of the crayfish seedlings is 3 to 5 months earlier than that of the existing large-area production method.
4. The mode has the advantages that: the crayfish is caught from 3 months to 4 months and 20 days, the price is high, the crayfish is easy to sell, and the shrimp pest of 5 months is avoided.
5. And (3) comprehensive analysis: the commodity competitiveness is improved, the environment and the market risk are avoided, the crayfish is taken out of the pond in a high-price period, and the output value is improved by more than 20%. The production capacity of the grain in the rice field is improved, grain and shrimp are profitable, and the rice farmer income is improved.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A comprehensive planting and breeding method for rice, rice and shrimps is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, rice field transformation: applying a special compound slow-release fertilizer for co-culture of rice and shrimps in a field, and excavating a U-shaped ditch around the field to facilitate the entry and exit of mechanical equipment; excavating parallel culture ditches every 3-5 m in the field, and communicating the ditches and the field; the periphery of the ridge is reinforced and planted with grass, the periphery is provided with a fence, and the water inlet and outlet of the field ditch are provided with a fine net;
step two, transplanting aquatic weeds: spraying 40ppm chlorine dioxide solution to the rice and shrimp culture ditches and culture protection dams, airing for 4-7 days, and filling water into culture fields, wherein the height of the water surface is 6-9 cm; transplanting submerged plants according to the amount of 25-35% of the water surface area of the rice and shrimp culture ditch;
step three, planting and breeding mode selection: after the submerged plants are disinfected and transplanted for 20-25 days, selecting a double cropping rice and shrimp breeding mode as a rice, rice and shrimp comprehensive breeding mode, and carrying out seed shrimp throwing and rice cultivation;
the double cropping rice and shrimp breeding mode is early rice, late rice and crayfish; the double cropping rice and shrimp breeding mode comprises the following steps: 2, throwing seedlings in the middle and last ten days of month, catching at the beginning of 4 months, producing more than 90% of crayfish before 20 days of 4 months, mechanically transplanting early rice before 1 day of 5 months, harvesting early rice before 20 days of 7 months, and harvesting late rice before the bottom of 10 months;
the double cropping rice and shrimp breeding mode is double cropping rice and shrimp; the double cropping rice and shrimp breeding mode comprises the following steps: fertilizing water in 10 months, throwing seedlings in 11 months, catching at the beginning of 3 months next year, producing more than 80% of crayfish 20 days before 4 months, mechanically transplanting early rice 1 day before 5 months, harvesting early rice 25 days before 7 months, and harvesting late rice 10 months before the end;
step four, managing the rice and the shrimps: the shrimp manure provides nutrients for the rice in the growth period, and when the pesticide is needed, the pesticide with low toxicity and high efficiency is used in a targeted manner; draining before spraying to ensure that no obvious water is accumulated in the field, controlling the pesticide not to be sprayed into water during spraying, and timely changing water after spraying;
step five, harvesting rice and shrimps: reasonably fishing, adopting a ground cage to catch the prawns in the early stage, and leaving the prawns to continue growing; draining water before harvesting the rice to catch shrimps, and harvesting the rice in time after the rice is mature;
step six, rice field management: after harvesting the rice and shrimp breeding fields, applying farmyard organic fertilizer in an amount of 350-400 kg per mu; after ploughing, spraying 1200 times of diluent of 1.8% abamectin on the soil, airing for 10-13 days, and waiting for the next year to comprehensively cultivate rice, rice and shrimps.
2. The comprehensive rice, rice and shrimp planting and cultivating method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the first step, the rice field is selected to be 15-20 mu in area, which is good in ecological environment, far away from pollution sources, soil, sufficient in water source, convenient to irrigate and drain, free of waterlogging and drought and good in water retention.
3. The comprehensive rice, rice and shrimp breeding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the first step, the special composite slow release fertilizer for co-breeding of rice and shrimps is composed of 40-45 parts by weight of organic fertilizer, 30-40 parts by weight of ammonium nitrate, 25-35 parts by weight of ground phosphate rock, 20-30 parts by weight of potash magnesium sulphate fertilizer, 10-15 parts by weight of soil conditioner and 3-5 parts by weight of composite microbial inoculum.
4. The comprehensive rice, rice and shrimp planting and breeding method of claim 1, wherein in the first step, the width of the parallel culture ditches is 1.5-2.2 m, the slope ratio is 1:1.5, and the depth is 0.8-1.4 m.
5. The comprehensive rice, shrimp and shrimp planting and breeding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the first step, the ridge is 0.8-1.0 m higher than the surface of the field, the ridge is 4-5 m wide at the bottom and 2-3 m wide at the top.
6. The comprehensive planting and breeding method for rice, rice and shrimp according to claim 1, wherein in step two, the submerged plant is one or any combination of two to six of waterweed, hydrilla verticillata, curly pondweed, hornwort, eel grass.
7. The comprehensive breeding method of rice, rice and shrimps as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step three, the breeding specification of the seed shrimps is 1.2-1.5 cm, and 50-70 kg of breeding is put in each mu;
the rice cultivation method comprises the following steps: transplanting rice seedlings by a conventional method, wherein each 5 transplanted rows are empty and one row is used as a working row; the planting density of the rice is 25-30 stumps/m2。
8. The comprehensive planting and breeding method for rice, rice and shrimp as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the pesticides are selected, 0.1-0.15 kg of 30% isoprothiolane is used for preventing rice blast per mu, 6-12 mL of 25% ai seedling is used for preventing sheath blight per mu, and 8-15 mL of 25% chlorantraniliprole is used for preventing rice stem borer per mu.
9. The comprehensive rice, rice and shrimp planting and cultivating method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, in the adult shrimp fishing, 2.5-3.0 cm mesh cages are adopted for fishing, namely, when the fishing is started, the shrimp cages are directly distributed in the rice field and the shrimp ditches without water drainage, a place is changed every few days, when the capturing amount is gradually reduced, the water in the rice field is drained, so that the crayfish falls into the shrimp ditches, and then the crayfish is concentrated in the shrimp ditches to be placed in the cages until commodity crayfish cannot be captured.
10. The comprehensive planting and breeding method for the rice, the rice and the shrimps as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step five, during harvesting of the rice, water in the rice field is discharged 15-16 days before the yellow ripeness of the rice, so that the crayfishes fall into shrimp ditches, are concentrated in the sun field, and are mechanically harvested after 85% of the yellow ripeness of the rice.
CN202010734198.1A 2020-07-27 2020-07-27 Comprehensive planting and breeding method for rice, rice and shrimp Pending CN111789005A (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112450014A (en) * 2020-12-18 2021-03-09 淮阴工学院 Comprehensive crayfish rice breeding and planting method
CN114009383A (en) * 2021-12-09 2022-02-08 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 Ecological breeding method for rice and shrimps
CN114208615A (en) * 2021-12-27 2022-03-22 浙江潮禾农业科技有限公司 Ecological breeding method for crayfish rice
WO2022227658A1 (en) * 2021-04-27 2022-11-03 海南归耘田农业科技有限公司 Coupled planting and breeding method for rice fields, crayfish, and pond loaches
CN115304426A (en) * 2022-08-05 2022-11-08 武汉合缘绿色生物股份有限公司 Biofertilizer for rice and shrimp co-culture and rice and shrimp co-culture method using biofertilizer

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112450014A (en) * 2020-12-18 2021-03-09 淮阴工学院 Comprehensive crayfish rice breeding and planting method
WO2022227658A1 (en) * 2021-04-27 2022-11-03 海南归耘田农业科技有限公司 Coupled planting and breeding method for rice fields, crayfish, and pond loaches
CN114009383A (en) * 2021-12-09 2022-02-08 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 Ecological breeding method for rice and shrimps
CN114208615A (en) * 2021-12-27 2022-03-22 浙江潮禾农业科技有限公司 Ecological breeding method for crayfish rice
CN115304426A (en) * 2022-08-05 2022-11-08 武汉合缘绿色生物股份有限公司 Biofertilizer for rice and shrimp co-culture and rice and shrimp co-culture method using biofertilizer

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