CN112136625A - Implementation method for shrimp, rice and vegetable crop rotation - Google Patents
Implementation method for shrimp, rice and vegetable crop rotation Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/35—Bulbs; Alliums, e.g. onions or leeks
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses an implementation method of shrimp, rice and vegetable crop rotation, belonging to the technical field of shrimp, rice and vegetable crop rotation and comprising the following steps: s101: selecting and transforming a rice field, arranging mud stalks in the middle of the rice field, and forming a paddy field area and a mud stalk area in the rice field; s102: planting winter vegetables; s103: planting early-season rice seedlings in a paddy field region in early trimester of the second year in spring vegetables in the early stage of the shrimp-rice vegetable stage, planting early-season rice seedlings in the paddy field region in the period from trimester to april, and feeding the shrimp seedlings after the seedlings are planted for one week to two weeks; s104: harvesting shrimps, rice and vegetables, S105: and (5) harvesting vegetables in summer. The rice field is partitioned by the mud stalks, so that the planting areas of rice and vegetables are divided in the horizontal direction, the rice with high plants and the vegetables with low plants are planted in a crossed mode at intervals, the mud stalks can provide lobsters distributed in the vertical direction for the shrimps to inhabit nests, and the accommodation capacity of the lobsters cultured in the rice field is enlarged; the planting area and the planting time of the rice field are fully utilized, and the yield of the rice field is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of shrimp, rice and vegetable crop rotation, in particular to an implementation method of shrimp, rice and vegetable crop rotation.
Background
The planting environment of the rice in the growth process is the same as the growth environment of the freshwater shrimps, the environment for the growth of the rice contains rich algae and insects, rich nutrient substances can be provided for the freshwater shrimps, waste generated by the growth of the freshwater shrimps can provide rich nutrients for the rice, the planting environment of the rice can be effectively improved by the freshwater shrimps, and the yield and the quality of the rice are improved.
Patent number CN201910278607.9 discloses a novel shrimp-rice rotation planting and breeding method, which comprises the following steps: s1: firstly, constructing a fry pond, and S2: planting rice, wherein before planting the rice, the seeds need to be treated, and S3: feeding of the breeding shrimps, S4: after the elodea nutans grow seedlings and grow out of the water surface, water is added to the original water level once, and S5: the method is characterized in that the rice is harvested after the rice grows for 35-50 days, the method is improved on the basis of the traditional shrimp-rice rotation method, the steps are clear, firstly, sufficient nutrients in the water body can be guaranteed through planting of the rice, secondly, the water body can be purified through breeding of lobsters, and the agricultural income is improved.
The traditional shrimp-rice co-farming method cannot provide enough activity space for shrimps, the problem that the shrimps compete for space with rice exists, and the planting density of rice in the shrimp-rice co-farming method is only 67% of that of the traditional rice, so that the overall rice yield is influenced, and the economic benefit is reduced.
In order to improve the multiple cropping index of the field and reduce the production cost, the southern vegetable field generally adopts a continuous cropping method of double cropping or even multiple cropping in one year.
Patent No. CN201410032133.7 discloses a cultivation method based on rice-vegetable rotation, the first crop is rice; the second crop is precocious cauliflower, the third crop is celery, and a rice-vegetable rotation production period is completed by sequentially planting rice, precocious cauliflower and celery. Specifically, rice seedlings are raised in the middle 3 months, rice fields are ploughed firstly in the middle 4 months and then rice seedlings are transplanted, and rice is harvested from the late 7 months to the early 8 months. Ploughing the paddy field in the upper and middle ten days of 8 months, planting cauliflower in the field after furrow preparation, and harvesting from the last ten days of 11 months to the last ten days of 12 months. Planting the celery from 11 late months to 12 early months, and finishing a production period of rice and vegetable rotation after harvesting the celery in the middle late month and 4 early months. The rice and vegetable rotation crop rotation is tightly jointed, so that the land utilization rate and the multiple cropping index are improved; meanwhile, the occurrence of diseases and insect pests of rice and vegetables is reduced; in addition, through rice and vegetable rotation, particularly direct field planting of celery after harvesting of premature cauliflowers, field plowing and water and soil loss are reduced, labor intensity is reduced, and the purposes of increasing income, saving expenditure and promoting sustainable development are achieved.
However, no method for comprehensively crop rotation of shrimps, vegetables and rice is available at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an implementation method for shrimp-rice-vegetable rotation, which is characterized in that a rice field is partitioned by mud stalks, so that not only are rice and vegetable planting areas divided in the horizontal direction, but also high-plant rice and low-plant vegetables are planted at intervals in a crossed manner, and lobsters distributed in the vertical direction can be provided for the shrimps by the mud stalks to inhabit nests, so that the accommodation capacity of the lobsters cultured in the rice field is increased; the planting area and the planting time of the rice field are fully utilized, and the yield of the rice field is improved, so that the problems in the background technology are solved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: an implementation method for crop rotation of shrimp, rice and vegetables comprises the following steps:
s101: selecting and modifying a rice field, after late rice and autumn vegetables are harvested in the middle ten days of October of the first year, cleaning straws, splashing quicklime water for disinfection, arranging mud stalks in the middle of the rice field, and forming a paddy field area and a mud stalk area in the rice field;
s102: planting winter vegetables, planting winter vegetables in the first twelve months, harvesting the vegetables at the bottom of the month of February, turning sludge in the paddy field area to a sludge stalk area after harvesting, reinforcing the sludge stalk, and applying additional fertilizer to the sludge stalk;
s103: planting early-season rice seedlings in a paddy field region in early trimester of the second year in spring vegetables in the early stage of the shrimp-rice vegetable stage, planting early-season rice seedlings in the paddy field region in the period from trimester to april, and feeding the shrimp seedlings after the seedlings are planted for one week to two weeks;
s104: harvesting shrimps, rice and vegetables, harvesting spring vegetables at the bottom of May in the next year, fishing mature freshwater shrimps and planting summer vegetables in succession from the beginning of June, immediately starting harvesting early rice after the freshwater shrimps are fished, finishing harvesting early rice in the middle and last ten days of June, and finishing late rice seedling planting before the beginning of autumn;
s105: harvesting vegetables in summer, harvesting the vegetables in summer from August to the beginning of September in succession, planting the vegetables in autumn in the middle ten days of September, and harvesting the vegetables in autumn and late rice in October.
Further, the rice field is selected and reformed after water feeding and fertilizing, cleaning and sterilizing for 3-4 days, and the paddy field is irrigated with clear water with the depth of 0.5-0.7m and the depth of each 667m2Applying 150kg of decomposed chicken manure 100 and 4-6kg of urea, and sprinkling in the paddy field area and the mud stalk area.
Furthermore, the width of the mud stalk in the rice field selection and transformation is 5-20cm, and the two sides of the mud stalk are provided with edge strips which are formed by splicing and enclosing steel bars.
Further, the method for culturing the freshwater shrimps in the early stage of the shrimp, rice and vegetable cultivation comprises the following steps:
s1031: stocking young shrimps, wherein the specification of the stocked young shrimps is 3-5 cm/young shrimp, and the amount of the stocked young shrimps is 2.0-2.5 ten thousand per 667m2The temperature difference between the front and the back of the freshwater shrimp fries is not more than +/-2 ℃, the death rate is detected after the fries are thrown for one week, and the fries are thrown according to the death rate;
s1032: feeding, namely feeding water plants in a paddy field area, sprinkling freshwater shrimp pellet feed, wherein the feeding amount is 3-6% of the weight of freshwater shrimps each day, and after 4 pm, the feeding amount of the freshwater shrimp pellet feed is 2/3% of the total amount of the freshwater shrimp pellet feed, so that the freshwater shrimp pellet feed is scattered on a peripheral shallow water area and attachments;
s1033: regulating water quality and water level, injecting water for 1 time every 3-5 days in the early stage of cultivation, and gradually increasing the water level of the shrimp pond; in the middle and later period, water is injected for 1 time every week, and each time is 6-10 cm; during the cultivation period, 8-12ppm of quicklime is used for slurrying and sprinkling 20-30 days apart.
Further, the spring vegetables are leek, amaranth, bitter gourd, houttuynia cordata, purple perilla and agaric, the summer vegetables are water spinach, watercress, cauliflower and leaf lettuce, the autumn vegetables are Chinese cabbage, radish, spinach, coriander, red cabbage moss, Chinese cabbage, celery, crowndaisy chrysanthemum and lettuce, and the winter vegetables are green vegetables, cabbage heart, lettuce, lily, mustard and sprouting vegetables.
Furthermore, the mud stalk area is in a shape like a Chinese character 'hui', the paddy field is divided, and the paddy field areas formed after the division are mutually communicated.
Furthermore, the mud stalk areas are strip-shaped and longitudinally or transversely distributed in the paddy field, the paddy field is divided, and the paddy field areas formed after the division are mutually communicated.
Furthermore, in the rice field selection and transformation, a continuous field which is low in field blocks, matched with water and soil resources, uniform in distribution and easy to transform is selected, annular ditches are dug and dammed around the field blocks, the width of each annular ditch is 1-2m, the depth of each annular ditch is 0.2-0.3m, the height of each dam is 0.7-0.8m, and water inlet and outlet ports are filtered and intercepted by 60-80-mesh bolting silk.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the implementation method for the rotation of the shrimps, the rice and the vegetables, provided by the invention, the rice field is partitioned by the mud stalks, so that the planting areas of the rice and the vegetables are divided in the horizontal direction, the rice with high plants and the vegetables with low plants are planted at intervals in a crossed manner, the mud stalks can provide lobsters distributed in the vertical direction for the shrimps to inhabit nests, and the accommodation capacity of the lobsters cultured in the rice field is increased.
2. According to the implementation method for crop rotation of shrimp, rice and vegetables, the compactness of plants in the rice field in time and space is accurately controlled by mastering the solar terms, one-season lobster cultivation, two-season rice cultivation and two-season to three-season vegetable cultivation can be realized within one year, the planting area and the planting time of the rice field are fully utilized, and the product yield of the rice field is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method for rotation of shrimp, rice and vegetables according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a freshwater shrimp culture method in the implementation method of the crop rotation of shrimp, rice and vegetables;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for performing shrimp, rice and vegetable crop rotation in a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method for performing rotation of shrimp, rice and vegetable in the second embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 10. a mud stalk area; 20. a paddy field area.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1, a method for crop rotation of shrimp, rice and vegetables includes the following steps:
s101: selecting and modifying a rice field, after late rice and autumn vegetables are harvested in the middle ten days of October of the first year, cleaning straws, splashing quicklime water for disinfection, arranging mud stalks in the middle of the rice field, and forming a paddy field area 20 and a mud stalk area 10 in the rice field; then water is added for fertilization, clean and sterilize for 3-4 days, and the paddy field area 20 is filled with clear water with the depth of 0.5-0.7m, and each 667m2Applying 100-150kg of decomposed chicken manure and 4-6kg of urea, and sprinkling to the paddy field area 20 and the mud stalk area 10; selecting continuous field and field fields which are low-lying, matched with water and soil resources, uniformly distributed and easy to modify in the rice field selection and modification, digging circular ditches around the fields and building a dam, wherein the width of the circular ditches is 1-2m, the depth of the circular ditches is 0.2-0.3m, the height of the dam is 0.7-0.8m, and filtering and intercepting water inlets and outlets by using 60-80-mesh bolting silk to prevent shrimps from climbing away;
s102: planting winter vegetables, planting winter vegetables in the first twelve months, harvesting the vegetables at the bottom of the month of February in the period, turning over 20 sludge in a paddy field area to 10 sludge stalk areas after harvesting, reinforcing the sludge stalks, and applying additional fertilizer to the sludge stalks; the soil at the lower end of the mud stalk is soft and is suitable for digging a hole for living the freshwater shrimps, and when shallow water exists in the rice planting process, the lobsters inhabit through the mud hole; wherein the width of the mud stem is 5-20cm, and the two sides of the mud stem are provided with edge strips which are formed by splicing and enclosing steel bars; the mud stalk forming machine is used for assisting the mud stalk forming and preventing the mud stalk from collapsing;
s103: in the early stage of the shrimp, rice and vegetable, spring vegetables are planted in the mud stalk area 10 in early trimester of the second year, early rice seedlings are planted in the paddy field area 20 in the period from trimester to april, and the shrimp seedlings are thrown in after the seedlings are planted for one week to two weeks;
s104: harvesting shrimps, rice and vegetables, harvesting spring vegetables at the bottom of May in the next year, fishing mature freshwater shrimps and planting summer vegetables in succession from the beginning of June, immediately starting harvesting early rice after the freshwater shrimps are fished, finishing harvesting early rice in the middle and last ten days of June, and finishing late rice seedling planting before the beginning of autumn; draining water after the freshwater shrimps are fished, wherein the water can be used as soil fertilizer after the aquatic weeds are dried and rotten, and duckweed is selected as the water tank in the embodiment;
s105: harvesting vegetables in summer, wherein the vegetables in summer can be harvested successively from August to the beginning of September, and planting the vegetables in autumn in the middle ten days of September, the vegetables in autumn and late rice are harvested in October, the vegetables in spring are Chinese chives, amaranthus, bitter gourds, houttuynia cordata, purple perilla and agaric vegetables, the vegetables in summer are water spinach, watercress, cauliflower and oilseed rape, the vegetables in autumn are Chinese cabbages, radishes, spinach, coriander, red cabbage moss, Chinese cabbages, celery, garland chrysanthemum and lettuce, and the vegetables in winter are green vegetables, cabbage heart, lettuce, lily, mustard and sprouting vegetables; selecting short vegetables, forming cross planting on a vertical plane, wherein the heights of the short vegetables are different from those of rice plants; the planting of the vegetables in the next period is abandoned when the vegetables in the previous period are not mature, the vegetables in two or three periods can be selected to be planted in one year, the mud stalks are required to be fertilized after the vegetables in each period are harvested, the mud stalks are required to be shoveled flat during the field maintenance period in autumn and winter, a large amount of farmyard manure is added into the field, and the mud stalks are constructed again before the beginning of the winter vegetable planting;
referring to fig. 2, the method for cultivating freshwater shrimps in the early stage of shrimp, rice and vegetable comprises the following steps:
s1031: stocking young shrimps with a standard of 3-5 cm/young shrimpsThe amount of the freshwater shrimp seedlings is 2.0-2.5 ten thousand tails/667 m2The temperature difference between the front and the back of the freshwater shrimp fries is not more than +/-2 ℃, the death rate is detected after the fries are thrown for one week, and the fries are thrown according to the death rate;
s1032: feeding, namely feeding water plants in a paddy field area 20, sprinkling freshwater shrimp pellet feed, wherein the feeding amount is 3-6% of the weight of freshwater shrimps each day, and after 4 pm, the feeding amount of the freshwater shrimp pellet feed is 2/3% of the total amount of the freshwater shrimp pellet feed, so that the freshwater shrimp pellet feed is scattered on a peripheral shallow water area and attachments;
s1033: regulating water quality and water level, injecting water for 1 time every 3-5 days in the early stage of cultivation, and gradually increasing the water level of the shrimp pond; in the middle and later period, water is injected for 1 time every week, and each time is 6-10 cm; during the cultivation period, 8-12ppm of quicklime is used for slurrying and sprinkling 20-30 days apart.
Referring to fig. 3, the mud stalk zone 10 is shaped like a Chinese character 'hui', and divides the paddy field into paddy field zones 20 which are communicated with each other.
Example two
Referring to fig. 1, a method for crop rotation of shrimp, rice and vegetables includes the following steps:
s101: selecting and modifying a rice field, after late rice and autumn vegetables are harvested in the middle ten days of October of the first year, cleaning straws, splashing quicklime water for disinfection, arranging mud stalks in the middle of the rice field, and forming a paddy field area 20 and a mud stalk area 10 in the rice field; then water is added for fertilization, clean and sterilize for 3-4 days, and the paddy field area 20 is filled with clear water with the depth of 0.5-0.7m, and each 667m2Applying 100-150kg of decomposed chicken manure and 4-6kg of urea, and sprinkling to the paddy field area 20 and the mud stalk area 10; selecting continuous field and field fields which are low-lying, matched with water and soil resources, uniformly distributed and easy to modify in the rice field selection and modification, digging circular ditches around the fields and building a dam, wherein the width of the circular ditches is 1-2m, the depth of the circular ditches is 0.2-0.3m, the height of the dam is 0.7-0.8m, and filtering and intercepting water inlets and outlets by using 60-80-mesh bolting silk to prevent shrimps from climbing away;
s102: planting winter vegetables, planting winter vegetables in the first twelve months, harvesting the vegetables at the bottom of the month of February in the period, turning over 20 sludge in a paddy field area to 10 sludge stalk areas after harvesting, reinforcing the sludge stalks, and applying additional fertilizer to the sludge stalks; the soil at the lower end of the mud stalk is soft and is suitable for digging a hole for living the freshwater shrimps, and when shallow water exists in the rice planting process, the lobsters inhabit through the mud hole; wherein the width of the mud stem is 5-20cm, and the two sides of the mud stem are provided with edge strips which are formed by splicing and enclosing steel bars; the mud stalk forming machine is used for assisting the mud stalk forming and preventing the mud stalk from collapsing;
s103: in the early stage of the shrimp, rice and vegetable, spring vegetables are planted in the mud stalk area 10 in early trimester of the second year, early rice seedlings are planted in the paddy field area 20 in the period from trimester to april, and the shrimp seedlings are thrown in after the seedlings are planted for one week to two weeks;
s104: harvesting shrimps, rice and vegetables, harvesting spring vegetables at the bottom of May in the next year, fishing mature freshwater shrimps and planting summer vegetables in succession from the beginning of June, immediately starting harvesting early rice after the freshwater shrimps are fished, finishing harvesting early rice in the middle and last ten days of June, and finishing late rice seedling planting before the beginning of autumn;
s105: harvesting vegetables in summer, wherein the vegetables in summer can be harvested successively from August to the beginning of September, and planting the vegetables in autumn in the middle ten days of September, the vegetables in autumn and late rice are harvested in October, the vegetables in spring are Chinese chives, amaranthus, bitter gourds, houttuynia cordata, purple perilla and agaric vegetables, the vegetables in summer are water spinach, watercress, cauliflower and oilseed rape, the vegetables in autumn are Chinese cabbages, radishes, spinach, coriander, red cabbage moss, Chinese cabbages, celery, garland chrysanthemum and lettuce, and the vegetables in winter are green vegetables, cabbage heart, lettuce, lily, mustard and sprouting vegetables; selecting short vegetables, forming cross planting on a vertical plane, wherein the heights of the short vegetables are different from those of rice plants; the planting of the next-stage vegetables is abandoned when the previous-stage vegetables are not mature, the two-season or three-season vegetables can be selected to be planted in one year, the height of the mud stalks can be selected according to the types of the planted vegetables, when the aquatic vegetables are planted, the low mud stalks can be arranged, water can be injected to submerge the mud stalks in the rice planting process, the mud stalks do not have the function of partitioning, a large number of places capable of digging holes and holes are only provided for the shrimps, and the capacity of the lobsters in the rice field is enlarged.
Referring to fig. 2, the method for cultivating freshwater shrimps in the early stage of shrimp, rice and vegetable comprises the following steps:
s1031: stocking young shrimps, wherein the specification of the stocked young shrimps is 3-5 cm/young shrimp, and the amount of the stocked young shrimps is 2.0-2.5 ten thousand per 667m2The temperature difference between before and after the freshwater shrimp fries are put in is not more than +/-2 ℃, the death rate is detected after the freshwater shrimp fries are put in for one week, and the death rate is detected according to the death rateC, pursuing and throwing seedlings;
s1032: feeding, namely feeding water plants in a paddy field area 20, sprinkling freshwater shrimp pellet feed, wherein the feeding amount is 3-6% of the weight of freshwater shrimps each day, and after 4 pm, the feeding amount of the freshwater shrimp pellet feed is 2/3% of the total amount of the freshwater shrimp pellet feed, so that the freshwater shrimp pellet feed is scattered on a peripheral shallow water area and attachments;
s1033: regulating water quality and water level, injecting water for 1 time every 3-5 days in the early stage of cultivation, and gradually increasing the water level of the shrimp pond; in the middle and later period, water is injected for 1 time every week, and each time is 6-10 cm; during the cultivation period, 8-12ppm of quicklime is used for slurrying and sprinkling 20-30 days apart.
Referring to fig. 4, the mud-stalk zones 10 are in the form of strips and are longitudinally or transversely distributed in the paddy field to divide the paddy field, and the divided paddy field zones 20 are communicated with each other.
According to the implementation method of shrimp, rice and vegetable crop rotation in the first and second embodiments, the time for planting vegetables, planting rice and cultivating freshwater shrimps in the rice field is counted as the following table 1:
TABLE 1 farming and corresponding times
The time shown in the above statistical table is the month of the lunar calendar.
In summary, the following steps: according to the implementation method for the rotation of the shrimps, the rice and the vegetables, the rice field is partitioned by the mud stalks, the planting areas of the rice and the vegetables are divided in the horizontal direction, the rice with high plants and the vegetables with low plants are planted at intervals in a crossed manner, the mud stalks can provide lobsters distributed in the vertical direction for the shrimps to inhabit nests, and the accommodation capacity of the lobsters cultured in the rice field is increased; by accurately controlling the compactness of plants in the rice field in time and space through mastering the solar terms, one-season lobster cultivation, two-season rice cultivation and two-season to three-season vegetable cultivation can be realized within one year, the planting area and the planting time of the rice field are fully utilized, and the product yield of the rice field is improved.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical solutions and the inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The implementation method of the rotation of shrimp, rice and vegetables is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s101: selecting and modifying a paddy field, after late rice and autumn vegetables are harvested in the middle ten days of October of the first year, cleaning straws, splashing quicklime water for disinfection, arranging mud stalks in the middle of the paddy field, and forming a paddy field area (20) and a mud stalk area (10) in the paddy field;
s102: planting winter vegetables, planting winter vegetables in the first twelve months, harvesting the vegetables from the bottom of the month of February, turning sludge in a paddy field area (20) to a sludge stalk area (10) after harvesting, reinforcing the sludge stalks, and applying additional fertilizer to the sludge stalks;
s103: in the early stage of the shrimp, rice and vegetable, spring vegetables are planted in the mud stalk area (10) in early trimester of the second year, early rice seedlings are planted in the paddy field area (20) in the period from trimester to april, and the shrimp seedlings are thrown in after the seedlings are planted for one week to two weeks;
s104: harvesting shrimps, rice and vegetables, harvesting spring vegetables at the bottom of May in the next year, fishing mature freshwater shrimps and planting summer vegetables in succession from the beginning of June, immediately starting harvesting early rice after the freshwater shrimps are fished, finishing harvesting early rice in the middle and last ten days of June, and finishing late rice seedling planting before the beginning of autumn;
s105: harvesting vegetables in summer, harvesting the vegetables in summer from August to the beginning of September in succession, planting the vegetables in autumn in the middle ten days of September, and harvesting the vegetables in autumn and late rice in October.
2. The method for performing crop rotation of shrimps, rice and vegetables as claimed in claim 1, wherein said rice field selection and transformation is followed by fertilization with water, cleaning and disinfection for 3-4 days, and the paddy field (20) is filled with clear water 0.5-0.7m deep and is poured with clear water every 667m2Applying 150kg of decomposed chicken manure and 4-6kg of urea to the paddy field area (20) and the mud stalk area (10).
3. The method for performing crop rotation of shrimps, rice and vegetables as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rice field is selected to have a width of 5-20cm with the mud stalks under transformation, and the mud stalks are provided with edge strips at both sides, and the edge strips are formed by splicing and enclosing steel bars.
4. The method for performing shrimp-rice-vegetable crop rotation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for cultivating the freshwater shrimps in the early stage of shrimp-rice-vegetable cultivation comprises the following steps:
s1031: stocking young shrimps, wherein the specification of the stocked young shrimps is 3-5 cm/young shrimp, and the amount of the stocked young shrimps is 2.0-2.5 ten thousand per 667m2The temperature difference between the front and the back of the freshwater shrimp fries is not more than +/-2 ℃, the death rate is detected after the fries are thrown for one week, and the fries are thrown according to the death rate;
s1032: feeding, namely feeding water plants in a paddy field area (20), sprinkling the freshwater shrimp pellet feed, wherein the feeding amount is 3-6% of the weight of the freshwater shrimps each day, and after 4 pm, the feeding amount of the freshwater shrimp pellet feed is 2/3% of the total amount of the freshwater shrimp pellet feed, so that the freshwater shrimp pellet feed is scattered on a shallow water area and attachments around;
s1033: regulating water quality and water level, injecting water for 1 time every 3-5 days in the early stage of cultivation, and gradually increasing the water level of the shrimp pond; in the middle and later period, water is injected for 1 time every week, and each time is 6-10 cm; during the cultivation period, 8-12ppm of quicklime is used for slurrying and sprinkling 20-30 days apart.
5. The method for performing shrimp-rice crop rotation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spring vegetables are leek, amaranth, bitter gourd, houttuynia cordata, perilla frutescens, agaric, summer vegetables are water spinach, watercress, cauliflower and lettuce, autumn vegetables are cabbage, radish, spinach, caraway, red cabbage moss, Chinese cabbage, celery, chrysanthemum coronarium and lettuce, and winter vegetables are green vegetables, cabbage heart, lettuce, lily, mustard and sprouting.
6. The method for crop rotation of shrimp, rice and vegetable as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the mud stalk zone (10) is in a shape of "hui" and divides the paddy field, and the paddy field zones (20) formed by the division are communicated with each other.
7. The method for performing shrimp, rice and vegetable crop rotation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mud stalk zones (10) are shaped as strips and distributed longitudinally or transversely in the paddy field, the paddy field is divided, and the paddy field zones (20) formed by the division are communicated with each other.
8. The method for performing rotation of shrimp, rice and vegetable as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rice field is a continuous field which is low in land, matched with water and soil resources, uniformly distributed and easy to reform, is selected, the circumference of the field is dug and dammed, the width of the circular ditch is 1-2m, the depth of the circular ditch is 0.2-0.3m, the height of the dam is 0.7-0.8m, and the water inlet and outlet are filtered and intercepted by 60-80 mesh bolting silk.
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