CN105532342A - Organic ecological farming system for rice field - Google Patents
Organic ecological farming system for rice field Download PDFInfo
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- CN105532342A CN105532342A CN201511033195.0A CN201511033195A CN105532342A CN 105532342 A CN105532342 A CN 105532342A CN 201511033195 A CN201511033195 A CN 201511033195A CN 105532342 A CN105532342 A CN 105532342A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an organic ecological farming system for a rice field. The system is characterized in that a water inlet canal, a drainage canal, a water inlet channel and a drainage channel are crossed to form the cross-shaped drainage rice field, a pump station is arranged at the crossed position of the crossed canals and channels, the rice field is divided into multiple field pieces in the type of plain terraced fields, fish ditches are arranged on the peripheries of the field pieces, and a fish pit is arranged at one corner of each field piece. According to the organic ecological farming system, high harvesting benefits of both rice and fish are achieved, and meanwhile the water conservation fertilizer conservation, low carbon and high ecosystem service functions are achieved; organic ecological farming can be carried out by transforming a common rice field near a good water source appropriately, and the optimized technology for transforming low yield fields and bottom land is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the ecological agriculture or ecologic breeding field, particularly a kind of rice field ecological organic cultivating system.
Background technology
A lot of area reports various about the plantation of organic paddy rice and the successful experience of paddy field aquaculture.On the basis of organic paddy rice, ecologic breeding and the organic production of paddy field aquaculture aquatic products could be realized.But realize the success of real organic paddy rice, still have very large difficulty:
The first, the mainly control of damage by disease and insect.In traditional farming, a planting season, paddy field will execute the agricultural chemicals of 8-10 time, not only increases agricultural cost, also affects the quality of product.More and more stronger in rice fulgorid pesticide resistance, when virus spread ability is increasing, continue to adopt the mode of high pesticide control damage by disease and insect can not have continuable output;
Current Rice Cropping also has many methods adopting biological control, mainly adopts the rice-duck intergrowth technology of Japan to carry out the control of relevant insect.Rice-duck intergrowth plantation there are certain requirements farming.The first, be requirement transplanting, between rice seedlings, certain line-spacing will be had; The second, the duck quantity that every mu of field is put in a suitable place to breed can not be many, and it is also restricted to put season in a suitable place to breed, and time too early, rice shoot is too little not all right, can ingest again affect its overall productivity time too large on low spike of rice; Rice-duck intergrowth pattern has certain control effects for leaf roll snout moth's larva and rice fulgorid, but for the topmost natural enemy of rice fulgorid in rice field, spider is a deathblow.Studies have reported that, in the rice field of rice-duck intergrowth, the quantity of spider is low-down; Also be the thing of very expend energy on and a manpower in addition to the management of these ducks, be difficult to play a role in large-scale production.More and more stronger in rice fulgorid pesticide resistance; when virus spread ability is increasing; other natural enemies such as protection spider are the effective means of prevention controlling rice fulgorid; more and more important effect will be played in the comprehensive organism control of paddy rice; and may be main effect, also may be one of most important approach realizing organic rice production.
The second, organic paddy rice grows maximum difficulty and is to provide healthy fertilizer, and general plant's pig manure etc. or cow dung do not belong to organic scope, because these ight soil contain a large amount of additives or medicine; Solve the basis that a large amount of organic fertilizer resources is ecospecies cultivation.In large-scale production, applying fertilizer will increase extra cost, and too high cost, can affect its implementation result in the rural area of lack of labor, is difficult to accomplish scale production.Enter draining in general agricultural and do not form an entirety, intake in a large number, a large amount of water outlet, concentrate applying fertilizer to cause utilization rate of fertilizer low, a large amount of nitrogenous fertilizer enters air with denitrogenation form, loses the chance as fertilizer simultaneously; Under Chinese current condition, the nitrogenous fertilizer of nearly 50% is waste substantially.Main cause be fertilizer concentrate use time, cause caused by water hypoxia.As long as in fact change Fertilizer application number of times, fertilising can solve this difficult problem in batches, but in Chinese labour force comparatively nervous today, increases cost beyond doubt.Adopt the method for water circulation, adopt water-soluble fertilizer should be a kind of solution to carry out fertilising, circulation effectively can be adopted to allow each block rice field all fully obtain effective fertilizer efficiency.
3rd, on front two bases of accomplishing, then carry out rice field and raise together with aquatic products, to improve the comprehensive benefit of paddy field.Time a kind of, paddy rice and aquatic products are done altogether, coordinate the artificial bait throwing in of aquaculture, increase the source of nutrition of system, play the effect in infertile field.And aquatic products kind, as lobster, loach, Grass carp etc. can also play the effect of weed eradication, matsuda.Because Organic Farming Rice Fields is without agricultural chemicals, do not concentrate and use chemical fertilizer in a large number, in paddy field, water quality keeps limpid always, high dissolved oxygen levels, keeps better high-density aquiculture condition.
One is also had to be Rice Cropping and aquaculture coupling, to cultivate in the above-mentioned Organic Farming Rice Fields system of sewage discharge, effectively purified after rice field recycles, thus again utilized by cultivating system, both the pollution of blowdown to the water environment of external source can be reduced like this, ensure again, when lack of water, to play water saving effect;
The density of general paddy field aquaculture can not be very high, and water quality and the relevant fertilizer application condition in this and rice field have relation.So paddy field aquaculture successfully the general mountain area in Zhejiang and Guizhou and the Sichuan Basin one are with, because these upstreams, mountain area provide the spring of super saturated oxygen.And for paddy rice main producing region, river network in plain areas, body eutrophication is serious, how overcoming the difficulty of the rice seed cultivation that water source quality is brought, is carry out one of rice field problem that first will solve of efficiently planting cultivation.
Four, paddy field is the field that greenhouse gas emission is larger, and discharge capacity is greatly relevant with China paddy field cultivation mode.In China's Rice Cropping, a large amount of concentrating is applied fertilizer, and causes rice field anaerobism serious, and a large amount of nitrogen is with nitrous oxide, and the forms such as nitrogen depart from paddy system, not only cause the waste of fertilizer efficiency, also produce a large amount of greenhouse gases.Inherently major power consumer in a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer production process, so heavy dressing nitrogenous fertilizer is high-carbon main, the main source of hot room gas on different conditions.Simultaneously in rice cultivation process, often adopt and copy field step, cause paddy soil break oxygen, a large amount of methane production and discharge, this is the main rice field greenhouse gas emission form of the second.
Therefore, in conjunction with efficient circulation theory design, the efficiency utilization of guarantee rice field nutriment, water quality is excellent, guarantees the growth conditions that aquaculture kind has wherein had.Again in conjunction with technology such as relevant insect protected, fertilising such as rice field ecology kind cultivation, the kind growth that cultivating river crab in rice field, freshwater shrimp, Procambius clarkii (cray), loach, carp etc. are various could be realized, otherwise also can due to anoxic and high water temperature, water quality inferiority can not obtain high output.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of rice field ecological organic cultivating system, and this system realizes the two high benefit received of rice fish, realizes water saving, joint fertilizer, low-carbon (LC), high ecosystem service function simultaneously; Carrying out appropriate reconstruction in the general rice field near relevant excellent water head site, can carry out the cultivation of ecological organic kind, will be transformation low-yield land, the optimization technique of low-lying land.
A kind of rice field of the present invention ecological organic cultivating system, water inlet irrigation canals and ditches, escape canal, irrigation channel and drainage ditch form the cross water system rice field that intersection irrigation canals and ditches are formed, the irrigation canals and ditches infall that intersects is provided with pumping plant, rice field is divided into the field of several Plain property terrace-type, field periphery is provided with fish ditch, and field one jiao is provided with fish-pit.
The low water level water system of described cross water system supplies water to the high water level water system of intersecting, and forms natural drop, realize the circulation of paddyfield water between low water level water system and high water level water system.
Described cross water system crosses one another and directly not through.
The large frame levee-surrounded field ridge plantation nectariferous plant in described rice field.
Described nectariferous plant is terrestrial type, aquatic type or amphibious type; Wherein, terrestrial type is pumpkin, sunflower or sesame; Aquatic type is floating heart or lotus; Amphibious type is polygonaceae plant.
Described polygonaceae plant is the main close source plant of natural world inherently honeybee.Polygonaceae plant is come by manually transplanting from the field and ditch in wilderness, because fertility is comparatively strong, just can form comparatively large group then, full-bloom stage is longer, and plant type is comparatively large, and pollen total amount is larger, be in land and water boundary, be beneficial to this biology of water spider finds relevant harmful animal insect at this.
Described rice field adopts water-soluble fertilising.
Each field of described Plain property terraced fields is built into a cornerwise water body flow mode by ridge.
Described fish ditch excavates unnecessary soil and does the ridge; Wherein, the ridge is planted fixed nitrogen legume, levee slope is left on limit, the ridge, the cereal crops that miscegenation is different.
The different cereal crops of described miscegenation are: in wheat season, plantation broad bean, custard squash or rape; In paddy rice season, plantation glutinous rice, water spinach or oenanthe stolonifera.
In described Plain property terraced fields, every one-level water body will be controlled to form drop by ridge, and the water body in one piece of rice field will enter next block, need meet water body entirety and cover lastblock field, ensures that all crops evenly obtain the nutritive salt in water body, reach the effect of average fertilising.
Described fish ditch ensures the demand of paddy rice paddy field aquaculture in season, in wheat planting also effectively draining in season, ensures that Wheat Production needs the demand of drying condition.
Described rice field is adjacent with aquatic farm, directly organic rich water is administered to the corner of each field; Fertilizer can combine with piggery, chicken farm or vaccary muck process, directly by the corner of organic fertilizer application to each field.
The present invention builds the intersection irrigation canals and ditches closed in rice field, rice field each field improved is built into cornerwise water body flow mode, i.e. Plain property terraced fields by ridge; The pattern traditionally cultivated, at each field periphery excavation fish ditch of Plain property terraced fields, creates the paddy ecosystem that genetic diversity is high; Middle and later periods before paddy growth season, by water-soluble method, give various fertilizer; Rice seedling grow into stable after, start to increase field water level with growth, increase the growing space of aquatic products kind; The juvenile fish of part kind can be correlated with in fish-pit being just placed in wheat planting season rice field, with the season of growth of aquatic products of being correlated with ahead of time, extends vegetative period.
Method of the present invention is flowed by cycle water, and field is separated, and realizes biological control, realizes rice field cover and supports aquatic products kind, realize liquid fertilizing mode, exempt from chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, reduce artificial.
Adopt the pest natural enemy growing environment in multiple method establishment system in the present invention, realize the improvement of high-performance bio Integrated Pest; Realize decrement or the deduction and exemption of chemical fertilizer and the applications of pesticide, replace with fertilizer and biopesticide; By contacting with other cultivating system, as aquaculture, the rich water of poultry, fowl cultivation or muck, be transported to rice field with water-soluble form, can realize the deduction and exemption of Term Fertilization, thus reduce the labour of artificial application of organic fertilizers or chemistry, realize the reduction of cost; Adopt the mode of cycle water, water body oxygen content is higher, is conducive to reducing greenhouse gas emission; A kind of farmland water-saving, water conservation and reduction of greenhouse gas discharge method; Adopt water-soluble fertilising, be conducive to the effect that Later Stage of Rice increases later stage kernel grouting booting stage.
Method of the present invention by following some realize:
1. create natural enemy living space, carry out comprehensive biological control
Wheatland limit is planted flowering plant or herbage; Protect natural enemies (naturalenemy); as ladybug (ladybird); spider (spider) etc.; these natural enemies control rice fulgorid (riceplanthoppers) main power; the aquatile simultaneously cultivated is attacked from rice root, thus the disease effectively preventing paddy rice the most serious.
Ridge retains a large amount of wild flowering plants, as Polygonum (knotweed) crop, agricultural chemicals can not be adopted to eliminate these weeds (Weed).Polygonaceae plant is mostly spends more plant, is the important nectariferous plant of honeybee, and transplanting these primary flowering plants so a large amount of is a kind of effective ways that the important habitat of pest natural enemy is created in rice field; Colored plant (Floweringplants) is had in addition at balk artificial planting, as pumpkin (pumpkin), clover ((purplemedic), soybean (soybean), broad bean (Horsebean), Chinese milk vetch (SeedofChineseMilkvetch), sesames (sesame) etc., gather these natural enemies to increase; These flowering plants, one is attract insect to gather, and indirectly attracts the arrival of natural enemy, ladybug and spider; Also the natural enemy liking nectar source can directly be attracted, as parasitic wasp, fleahopper etc.; Also plant aquatic plant as calamus, wild rice grass or the water plants such as wild rice stem, floating heart and paddy rice association, increase the insect resistance capacity of paddy rice;
Every block ridge retains some soil blocks newly dug, to create a large amount of interstices of soil, for surviving the winter of the natural enemies such as spider; Adopt rice field ditching, retain the water body of fish ditch at Mai Ji, with the safe overwintering of the various water spider of maintenance and spring rapid build colony.Ditch is also middle cultivates some as floating heart, the aquatic floating plant that lotus etc. bloom.
Frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp will be installed, direct insect-killing trapping.The insects such as trapping leaf roll snout moth's larva, rice fulgorid, paddy stem borer, striped rice borer.
Adopt the mode of paddy field aquaculture, as rice field support loach, breed fish, the modes such as lobster, river crab, frog that cultivate remove rice grub.
In case of need, suitably using biopesticide control, as prevented and treated rice blast with kasugarnycin, preventing and treating banded sclerotial blight with jinggangmycin, with insects such as bacillus thuringiensis,Bt, matrine control leaf roll snout moth's larva, paddy stem borer, striped rice borer.
Adopt the artificial method removed to carry out the prevention of the early stage weeds in field, secondary arable land method also can be adopted to carry out the removing of weeds.Weeds quantity will greatly reduce due to hydrobiological effect in later stage, thus avoid the use of weed killer herbicide;
During Rice Cropping, mainly plant block at each, carry out the measure of multiple rice miscegenation.As each balk can inlay other seed rice of planting non-main body rice, if japonica rice is with regard to some hybrid rices of miscegenation or glutinous rice.
2. create paddyfield water circulation form, create aerobic environment
By the flowing of design paddy field water circulation, create the rice field kind aquaculture model that oxygen content is higher, for the minimizing multiple greenhouse gas emission in rice field, it is very important for increasing Paddy Field Ecosystem Services function.Rice field in addition under aerobic environment, various nutrition by soil fixing, for the growth of paddy rice, thus can strengthen the nutritional quality of paddy rice, affects the quality of rice.
Simultaneously in retaining in rainy season, build a circulatory system, other has the water source of the pollution of agricultural chemicals to avoid entering external source in a large number in rainy season.
3. create organic fertilizer resource, flowing fertilising
All in organic rice is produced, the form of general employing one season rice, the season of plantation wheat mainly adopts green manuring crop as Chinese milk vetch, clover etc., and the soybean of the fixed nitrogen of planting in other ridge, and the leguminous plants such as broad bean are as main nitrogen; Carry out full straw-returning, as far as possible the circulation of the nutriment of increase system, to reduce further fertilizers input; In the season of growth, adopt and increase some organic manure, as beans paper tinsel, colza cake etc.
Adopt water soluble fertilizer, by " Plain property terraced fields " structure of design, the water distribution making band fertile is to all fields; Also compost heap can be placed on the angle, field of each field.Adopt mechanization to be deposited in by fertilizer in the swag of one, angle, field to ferment, just automatically can dilute fertilizer during such cycle water, dissolve, finally flow to corresponding field with water miscible form and utilized by rice absorbing.
The method adopting paddy field cultivation and aquaculture to combine, provides related fertilizer to originate; Research shows, the annual per hectare of the nitrogen deposition in air can reach the sedimentation of the nitrogen of 58 kilograms, also for paddy rice provides many nitrogenous fertilizer.Adopts simultaneously and entirely return crop stocks to the field, add the stalk of a harvest wheat, the herbage of balk fixed nitrogen and fabaceous plantation, or wheat is not planted, with green manuring plant as Chinese milk vetch mode carries out nitrogenous source nutrition input, with the nutrition of artificial fish-pond do into; Or the draining of introducing ecologic breeding comes rice field and applies fertilizer; These measures obviously can reduce the dependence to the external source source of manure; Raise together with again in water body, loach, swamp eel, frog etc., to accelerate the disturbance of paddy rice substrate, ingest the various weeds of paddy field simultaneously, promotes that nutrition is to the transfer of paddy rice, also eliminate relevant insect simultaneously.
Build the circulative paddyfield water circulatory system in method of the present invention, promote that Cycle of nutrients utilizes, evenly use, thus reduce the human resources such as artificially applying fertilizer; Employing is cultivated a large amount of nectariferous plant such as the attractions such as polygonaceae plant, pumpkin, sesame, aquatic floating heart and training and is grown paddy rice natural enemy as worm of wafing, spider, fleahopper etc. on ridge; Adopt the method for bio-diversity conservation, carry out insect biological synthesis control (IPM); Adopt and cultivate nitrogen-fixing plants as soya bean, soybean, broad bean, fresh kidney beans; Cultivate aquatic nitrogen fixing algae Azolla imbricata etc. as nitrogenous source; Set as system provides a large amount of nitrogenous sources at the Tang Kou limit cultivation fixed nitrogen that waits as ashamed in thorn, thus reduce the dependence to external source fertilizer; Adopt stalk completely also field, use the excrement of organic farming standard, fertilizer etc. and realize organising production; Directly raising together with the aquatic products kinds such as fish, swamp eel, loach, Shrimp waste, frog, or connect with cultivating system, by cultivating organic fish shrimp crab, reducing the demand to fertilizer; Organic Farming Rice Fields carries out water quality adjustment to cultivating system, and the nutrition in the rich water of aquaculture system is utilized; Create the paddy environment of aerobic, realize nutrient efficient and utilize, reduce discharging, the target of low-carbon environment-friendly.
beneficial effect
Method of the present invention realizes the two high benefit received of rice fish simultaneously, and realize water saving, joint is fertile, low-carbon (LC), high ecosystem service function; Carrying out appropriate reconstruction in the general rice field near relevant excellent water head site, can carry out the cultivation of ecological organic kind, will be transformation low-yield land, the optimization technique of low-lying land.
Method of the present invention adopts the production in this ecological planning rice field, the production of organic rice can be realized, rice field cover can be realized and support organic water product, exempt from the use of chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals, reduce widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area, possess water saving, water conservation, the features such as low-carbon (LC), are the effective means realizing sustainable agriculture development, will play an important role in world's agricultural development; Adopt the large-scale sewerage of supporting structure, set up a rice field circular flow water system, thus realize recycling of rice field low temperature and high water quality and nutriment.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation in method of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is various bio-control method figure in ecospecies breeding process in the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, set forth the present invention further.Should be understood that these embodiments are only not used in for illustration of the present invention to limit the scope of the invention.In addition should be understood that those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications the present invention, and these equivalent form of values fall within the application's appended claims limited range equally after the content of having read the present invention's instruction.
In the certain area of rice field, building closed intersection irrigation canals and ditches, rice field being transformed into by intersecting the cross water system that formed of irrigation canals and ditches, to cross one another and directly not through; At crosspoint place, erection has a pumping plant, by pumping plant to supply water from wherein low water level water system to another high water level water system of intersecting, forms natural drop like this between two water systems; The circulation of paddyfield water will be realized like this;
Divide less unit by ridge again by each large field, every one-level water body will be controlled by ridge to form certain drop, and the water body in one piece of rice field will enter next block, entirety will cover lastblock field.The all crops of such guarantee evenly obtain the nutritive salt in water body, reach the effect of average fertilising.
The pattern traditionally cultivated, each field periphery excavation fish ditch in rice field, to ensure the demand of paddy rice paddy field aquaculture in season.These irrigation canals and ditches are effective drainings at Mai Jiye, ensure that Wheat Production needs the demand of drying condition.
The out unnecessary soil of ditching does the ridge, and fixed nitrogen legume will be planted in these ridge, and Bian Liu get more levee slope in the ridge is mainly used in cereal crops of other different main plantation of miscegenation.As in wheat season, can plant broad bean, the spring such as custard squash melon, rape etc., to create artificial close source environment.In paddy rice season, the paddy rice of other kind can be planted as glutinous rice, or plantation water spinach, other kind such as oenanthe stolonifera; To create the high paddy ecosystem of genetic diversity.
The large frame levee-surrounded field ridge in whole rice field is the main place of plantation nectariferous plant, and nectariferous plant is divided into terrestrial type, as pumpkin, sunflower, sesame etc.; Aquatic type as floating heart, lotus etc.; Amphibious type, as polygonaceae plant, polygonaceae plant is the main close source plant of natural world inherently honeybee.Polygonaceae plant is come by manually transplanting from the field and ditch in wilderness, because fertility is comparatively strong, just can form comparatively large group then, full-bloom stage is longer, and plant type is comparatively large, and pollen total amount is larger, be in land and water boundary, be beneficial to this biology of water spider finds relevant harmful animal insect at this.
Middle and later periods before paddy growth season, by water-soluble method, give various fertilizer; If adjacent with relevant aquatic farm or and piggery, chicken farm and vaccary muck process combine, directly by the corner of organic fertilizer application to each field.Direct farm tractor transports, and cost is lower.
Rice seedling grow into stable after, start to increase field water level with growth, to increase the growing space of aquatic products kind.The juvenile fish of part kind can be correlated with in fish-pit being just placed in wheat planting season rice field, with the season of growth of aquatic products of being correlated with ahead of time, extends vegetative period.
Embodiment 1
By bulk rice field, about 200 mu is unit, is divided into 15-20 mu unit (as shown in Figure 1) with ridge.Build a kind of enter the intersection of draining, drain ditch is comparatively dark, and inlet channel is more shallow;
Each ridge stays the levee slope position of 2-3 rice, plants other product Plants, increases the genetic diversity of system.Or plant and be implanted with colored plant, plant broad bean at Mai Ji, potato, custard squash, rape etc., rice season these ridges and relevant levee slope plant other kind different with main product rice, plantation japonica rice when being main, plants hybrid rice, glutinous rice etc. on limit, the ridge; The ridge is planted the flowering plants such as soya bean, sesame, pumpkin, for insect effectively provides nectar source, to absorb a large amount of natural enemies.
Rice varieties is serial based on the southern round-grained rice that mouthfeel is good, has the kinds such as southern round-grained rice 5505 and 9108 selective; Wheat adopt anti gibberellic disease raise wheat series.The kinds such as lobster, freshwater shrimp, swamp eel and loach supported by a large amount of cover in systems in which simultaneously; And the fingerling of various four large Chinese carps.
There is provided bait by aquatic products of throwing something and feeding for aquaculture kind, wherein the ight soil etc. of residual bait and cultivation object is as fertilizer, used from Rice Cropping.The water pump crossing channel infall carries out the promotion of water circulation, to promote that water nutrition material repeatedly flows in rice field, to promote that nutriment is efficiently absorbed.Also promote that water body keeps high oxygen content, is conducive to growing up healthy and sound of aquaculture;
For cultivation lobster, rice field will excavate 4 meters wide, and 1 meter of dark gutter, to ensure the growing environment of aquatic products kind the best.
Claims (9)
1. a rice field ecological organic cultivating system, comprise: water inlet irrigation canals and ditches, escape canal, irrigation channel and drainage ditch form the cross water system rice field that intersection irrigation canals and ditches are formed, the irrigation canals and ditches infall that intersects is provided with pumping plant, rice field is divided into the field of several Plain property terrace-type, field periphery is provided with fish ditch, and field one jiao is provided with fish-pit.
2. a kind of rice field according to claim 1 ecological organic cultivating system, it is characterized in that, the low water level water system of described cross water system supplies water to the high water level water system of intersecting, and forms natural drop, realize the circulation of paddyfield water between low water level water system and high water level water system.
3. a kind of rice field according to claim 1 and 2 ecological organic cultivating system, is characterized in that, described cross water system crosses one another and directly not through.
4. a kind of rice field according to claim 1 ecological organic cultivating system, is characterized in that, the large frame levee-surrounded field ridge plantation nectariferous plant in described rice field.
5. a kind of rice field according to claim 4 ecological organic cultivating system, is characterized in that, described nectariferous plant is terrestrial type, aquatic type or amphibious type; Wherein, terrestrial type is pumpkin, sunflower or sesame; Aquatic type is floating heart or lotus; Amphibious type is polygonaceae plant.
6. a kind of rice field according to claim 1 ecological organic cultivating system, it is characterized in that, described rice field adopts water-soluble fertilising.
7. a kind of rice field according to claim 1 ecological organic cultivating system, is characterized in that, each field of described Plain property terraced fields is built into a cornerwise water body flow mode by ridge.
8. a kind of rice field according to claim 1 ecological organic cultivating system, it is characterized in that, described fish ditch excavates unnecessary soil and does the ridge; Wherein, the ridge is planted fixed nitrogen legume, hillside fields is left on limit, the ridge, the cereal crops that miscegenation is different.
9. a kind of rice field according to claim 8 ecological organic cultivating system, is characterized in that, the different cereal crops of described miscegenation are: in wheat season, plantation broad bean, custard squash or rape; In paddy rice season, plantation glutinous rice, water spinach or oenanthe stolonifera.
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| CN113016527A (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2021-06-25 | 湖南农业大学 | Ecological terrace and rice and fish co-farming method |
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