CN103493706B - A kind of organic rice production method - Google Patents
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Abstract
A kind of organic rice production method, comprise the steps: a, early-stage preparations, b, seedling, c, arrangement organic soil field, the transplanting of d, rice seedling and the water and fertilizer management after transplanting, e, paddy rice harvesting, the present invention will solve the problem that during southern organic rice is produced, rice yield is not high and damage by disease and insect is serious, enrich the income chain of manufacture of organic rice, promote to the soil fertility in China's organic paddy rice development and organic production rice field the effect serving and directly promote, be widely used space in organic farming is produced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of organic rice production method.
Background technology
China is one of eating rice production and country of consumption maximum in the world.China about has more than 60% population to take rice as staple food.Therefore, yield of brown rice is the major issue being related to national food security always.Since reform and opening-up, in order to realize China's foodgrain self-sufficiency, support ever-increasing population, we employ the chemical agricultural supplies such as a large amount of chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals and weed killer herbicide in Rice Production process, the use of these agricultural supplies has made indelible contribution to raising China rice yield, also brings the problems such as cultivated-land decline, soil acidification, body eutrophication.Simultaneously, due to industrialized fast development in recent decades, by product in process of industrialization, discarded object and the exploitation of the formula of predation, huge harm is created to agriculture production environment and soil, these pollute the unfavorable one-tenth separating/enriching directly caused in food agricultural produce, thus cause health to be subject to direct or indirect infringement.Along with the progress of society and the transformation of people's life idea, the pursuit of people to clothing, food, shelter, row also starts to change.Therefore, rice product quality and safe condition are also the significant problems that our people pays close attention to the most, the livelihood issues that the Ye Shi Chinese government pays close attention to the most.
Along with the goal that " 18 is large " " builds up well-off society " comprehensively, organic rice produces the trend having become social development, is also the active demand that people's living standard promotes.Life that is green, ecological, organic, environmental protection will be that following people " well-off society " live necessary, and agricultural product that are green, ecological, organic, environmental protection will be also an urgent demands of consumer.Therefore, the production of organic food will become the inevitable direction of China's food production, and organic rice more has huge market and productive potential.Meanwhile, developing organic rice production is also the important measures improving farmers' income.Due to reasons such as the production interior quality of common agricultural and quality, and be difficult to meet the needs of the masses for health, the price of common agricultural is always low in the last few years, becomes and affects one of main factor that farmers' income improves.Therefore, increase farmers' income, just must improve agricultural product price, and agricultural product price will be improved, just must tap the latent power from agricultural product interior quality.Therefore, increase kind of a rice peasant's income, play the enthusiasm that they plant rice, just must improve the price of rice, development manufacture of organic rice is the most effective measures improving rice price, thus increases substantially farmers' income.Therefore; organic paddy rice is the developing direction of Rice Production from now on; implement paddy rice to organise productions, to ensure the people healthy, preserve the ecological environment, promote the Quality Safety of agricultural sustainable development, raising China rice and improve its competitiveness in international market etc. in tool be of great significance.
Organic farming is the tidemark of world agriculture development.Current, global market for Organic Foods just with 20% to 30% speed increment, according to estimates, within 2010, reach 80,000,000,000 dollars.China has become the fourth-largest organic food consumption big country, and organic food is expected to l% ~ 1.5% accounting for whole Chinese food market.International market for Organic Foods will meet or exceed 5% to the demand of Organic Food in China, and China's organic food has huge development space in international market.Therefore, China's development organic paddy rice has huge prospect.
The fertilizer of Prof. Du Yucang, agricultural chemicals, growth regulator and domestic animal feed additive is not used completely in manufacture of organic rice process, do not adopt technique for gene engineering and product thereof, it is based on soil, carry out supplementary soil fertility with material recycle in system, utilize physics, artificial, agricultural, biological and crude and method to control Crops Pests Control of Diseases Insects And Weeds Pests of Crops; Utilize shift of crops, intercropping, mix up, utility rate of luminous energy and soil fertility availability that the cropping system such as covering improves field ecosystem; The pattern utilizing plant husbandry, aquaculture and processing industry to combine improves agricultural ecosystem productivity ratio; Organic farming more focuses on the harmonious and sustainable development of society, economy and ecotope, more focuses on food security, ecological protection and kind treatment animal etc.Manufacture of organic rice should follow healthy principle and ecological principle, operates, and simulate the circulation of these ecosystems and kept based on the effective ecosystem and benign cycle basis.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide one to utilize Chinese milk vetch stalk and straw to carry out fertilizing soil fertility for the deficiencies in the prior art, with the nutrient that the fertilizers such as cake-shaped rape seed dregs, pig manure, cow dung, natural pond slag, natural pond liquid are the supplementary paddy rice needs in main fertilizer source, utilize frog and light trap control rice pest, with the organic rice production method of frog and artificial control weeds, manufacture of organic rice is made to maintain sustainability and increase the output of Organic Farming Rice Fields, and can the organic rice production method of extensive use in manufacture of organic rice practice at home and abroad.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions above-mentioned purpose:
A kind of organic rice production method, comprises the steps:
A, early-stage preparations:
Select organic soil field, plantation Chinese milk vetch, gathers in Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds before rice transplanting;
B, seedling:
Bask seeds and process of sorting seed by salt water to rice paddy seed at seedling planting, then with quicklime seed soaking sterilization, sow front animal wastes of using fermentation for 5 ~ 7 days and make base fertilizer, employing watery ricenursery mode, light seeding is even to be broadcast, and controls rice seedlings length of time at 21 ~ 28 days;
C, arrangement organic soil field:
Rice seedling is transplanted and is carried out turning over macerating by Chinese milk vetch stalk for first 7 ~ 15 days, rice seedling is transplanted first 1 ~ 2 day, animal wastes by fermentation, natural pond slag and colza cake are by fermentation used to organic soil Tanaka, and maintains the field water degree of depth about 3 ~ 5cm, finally excavate frog and perch ditch;
The transplanting of d, rice seedling and the water and fertilizer management after transplanting:
Transplanting time according to different rice varieties is transplanted, tadpole seedling is placed after rice transplanting, during rice tillering is contained, carry out pouring water and carry out natural pond liquid irrigation simultaneously, when field seedling counts to 25 ~ 280,000/mu, dig trenches to drain the water away when reaching 90% of plan spike number, start the mode dry field taking heavy dew gently to shine, keep there is water in ditch simultaneously.
E, paddy rice harvesting:
At rice maturity, carry out staying 45-55cm height stubble to gather in the crops, after having gathered in the crops, the straw in field is evenly scattered; Prepare the sowing carrying out next batch of Chinese milk vetch, and results organic rice grain is stored and sold.
In described step b, use the animal wastes 500 ~ 1000 kgs/acre of fermentation.
In described step c, turning over the concrete steps of macerating to Chinese milk vetch stalk is first turn in soil by Chinese milk vetch stalk, and rear maintenance field area water of turning over is no more than 1cm and macerates 5 ~ 14 days.
In described step c, animal wastes 1500 kgs/acre are by fermentation used to organic soil Tanaka, uses natural pond slag 1000 kgs/acre, use colza cake 100 ~ 200 kgs/acre by fermentation.
Within after rice seedling throwing the 3rd day, place tadpole seedling 5000 ~ 10000/mu.
The irrigation volume that natural pond liquid is irrigated is 5 ~ 10m
3/ mu.
Described step c excavates frog perches ditch and is specially and digs the dark 50cm of wide 50cm " well " or " field " shape ditch in field, and ditch area accounts for rice field area 10%.
Animal wastes in step b and step c are that pig manure is or/and cow dung is or/and human excrement.
In step a in any step in steps d, all can set up purse seine and sky net, concrete steps are as follows:
Purse seine and sky net is set up according to mound, organic soil field block, ridge arranges every 5 ~ 8m the purse seine pillar of a high 60 ~ 80cm, purse seine pillar is with the net that aperture is 8 ~ 10mm, organic soil field is surrounded the space of 10 ~ 15 mu of multiple all round closure, closed above each space by multiple days net supports and the net covered on day net support in each space formed simultaneously, it net support is arranged every 5 ~ 8m, and sky net support is high is 1.8 ~ 2.0m.
On purse seine pillar or sky net support, a light trap is set up every 10 ~ 15m along purse seine in each described space.
Adopt said method, tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
1, instant invention overcomes in conventional manufacture of organic rice, traditional manufacture of organic rice can not meet the nutritional need of paddy rice normal growth completely due to Soil Nutrients in Paddy Field, and therefore its output is quite low, and usual organic paddy rice output only has 200 ~ 250 kgs/acre.The present invention works in coordination with the green manure effect that make use of straw resource and Chinese milk vetch, have adjusted paddy soil organic input thing C/N ratio.Meanwhile, the present invention takes full advantage of pig manure, cow dung and biogas residue and biogas liquid the like waste resource, and maximum possible utilizes according to material recycle in paddy ecosystem, and to improve organic paddy rice yield level, organic paddy rice output of the present invention can reach 350 ~ 450 kgs/acre.
2, instant invention overcomes traditional organic rice Production Gain chain single, the shortcomings such as manufacture of organic rice added value is low, natural enemy is replaced with frog, by increasing frog quantity, not only can reduce the extensive probability of happening of damage by disease and insect such as plant hopper, weevil and weeds, the output that organic frog can increase substantially Organic Farming Rice Fields can be produced, be conducive to improving rice field net profit, enriched the income chain of Organic Farming Rice Fields.
3, the present invention combines Chinese milk vetch plantation and utilizes technology, straw incorporation technology, poultry manure to organise technology and frog cultural technique, utilize and plant Chinese milk vetch and straw utilization collaborative fertilizing soil winter slack, poultry manure such as pig manure, cow dung etc. is utilized to provide the high-efficiency environment friendly source of manure for paddy rice, utilize frog prevention and elimination of disease and pests and artificial removal weeds, provide possible ways for ensureing organic paddy soil sustainable use and increasing organic rice output.
In sum, the present invention will solve the problem that during southern organic rice is produced, rice yield is not high and damage by disease and insect is serious, enrich the income chain of manufacture of organic rice, promote to the soil fertility in China's organic paddy rice development and organic production rice field the effect serving and directly promote, be widely used space in organic farming is produced.
Embodiment
Further describe the embodiment of this patent below.
1, land for growing field crops is selected
When selecting land for growing field crops, require that land for growing field crops environment is suitable for organic production, and row irrigation is more convenient, and the plot, land for growing field crops naturally isolated with other plot, land for growing field crops.
2, field soil organic transformation, the usual method being converted into the foundation of organic farming base here:
Current, agricultural land soil is all inorganic soils, build into organic paddy rice production base, and need to convert inorganic soil to organic soil, the transition period needs 2 ~ 3 years usually.Therefore, need adopt a series of measures to consume the inorganic nutrients in paddy soil, make paddy soil become organic soil.Before manufacture of organic rice, plant Chinese milk vetch continuously 2 ~ 3 years in conjunction with straw incorporation, do not use the additive of the Prof. Du Yucang such as chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, weed killer herbicide simultaneously.
3, high-grade rice Fruit variety
, agriculture fragrant with beautiful pin perfume, No. 17, the late Xian in Hunan, beautiful post is fragrant 18, Huang Huazhan and Hunan No. 12, Xian in evening is for promoting mainly kind.Take conventional method presoaking and germinating.
4, seedling
Carry out rice paddy seed process before sowing, mainly bask seeds and sort seed by salt water, then sterilize with the quicklime seed soaking of 1%, avoid germ to bring land for growing field crops into.Sow first 5 ~ 7 days and arrange rice seedling bed, and use dung polluted water 500-1000 kgs/acre and make base fertilizer, adopt watery ricenursery mode (watery ricenursery mode here adopts traditional watery ricenursery mode), accomplish that light seeding is even and broadcast, nurturing staff, grain quality rice seedling age general control was at about 25 days.
5, land for growing field crops arranges
Fresh for Chinese milk vetch grass was turned in soil in before rice transplanting 7 ~ 15 days, embedded depth 10 ~ 20cm, turn over rear maintenance field area water and be no more than 1cm.And the dark 50cm of wide 50cm " well " or " field " shape ditch is dug in field, perch for frog, ditch area accounts for rice field area 10%.Before rice transplanting 1 ~ 2 day, use the farmyard manure such as pig manure, cow dung 1500 kgs/acre, use natural pond slag 1000 kgs/acre, use the colza cake 100 ~ 200 kgs/acre become thoroughly decomposed, after application of organic fertilizers, maintain the field water degree of depth about 3 ~ 5cm.
6, purse seine and sky net is set up
In order to prevent frog escape and natural enemy such as snake, yellow weasel etc. from eating, need purse seine be set up, meanwhile, a day net need be set up and prevent natural enemy such as bird etc. from swallowing frog.Purse seine and sky net need be set up by mound, rice field block.When setting up purse seine, make a call to the stub of a high 60 ~ 80cm as purse seine pillar every 5 ~ 8m mu, prevent strong wind from being blown down by purse seine.Be advisable with 8 ~ 10mm in purse seine aperture, every purse seine region area is advisable with 10 ~ 15 mu.When setting up sky net, making a call to a height every 5 ~ 8m is that the stub of about 1.8 ~ 2.0m makes support, and sky screen distance is advisable with about 15mm, and sky net covers purse seine.
7, light trap is arranged
A light trap is set up every 10 ~ 15m according to purse seine post along purse seine.Set up a light trap in land for growing field crops central authorities according to sky net post every 15 ~ 20m.
8, the water and fertilizer management after rice transplanting
Rice transplanting takes carrying seedling throwing method usually.Tillering regularity (tillering regularity refers to transplant latter 10 ~ 20 days), carry out pouring water and carry out natural pond liquid irrigation simultaneously, irrigation volume is 5 ~ 10m
3/ mu.When field seedling counts to 25 ~ 280,000/mu; dig trenches to drain the water away when reaching 90% of plan spike number; heavy dew gently shines, and (heavy dew gently shines the generic term for agricultural the inside; specific explanations can with reference to as follows: keep the highest Soil surface water place lower than 0.5cm; dry field has checking to field ditch limit), open micro-spliting open with rice field and be advisable, and keep there is water in ditch with Protect natural enemies; under ensureing the prerequisite that surface, rice field is not soft after booting stage, keep thin water layer as far as possible.
9, frog cultivation
Cultivate tadpole and seedling March.Late May, after rice transplanting the 3rd day, place tadpole seedling 5000 ~ 10000/mu.Gather in the crops frog after early October results paddy rice, and reserve seed for planting and survive the winter.
10, control of weeds
Adopt frog to trample the method weeding combined with uprooting weed, the later stage carries out artificial uprooting weed 2 ~ 3 times, mid-June first time, for the second time mid-July.Depending on weeds in paddy field situation, third time is in mid-August.
11, damage by disease and insect prevention and control
Mid or late July and mid-August, with Lime Sulphur To Control rice sheath blight disease and rice blast.
At the beginning of early August, at striped rice borer moth appearance initial stage application striped rice borer sex attractant, two every mu, be loaded on and fill on the basin of washing powder solution, exceed rice plant 20 centimetres and be advisable.
September, early and middle ten days, when the insects such as rice field plant hopper and weevil occur, increased the predation of frog injected volume to prey on the insect such as plant hopper and weevil.
Embodiment:
The rice field that the present invention selects south to meet manufacture of organic rice environmental requirement is carried out.High yield Chinese milk vetch planting technology and straw is taked to utilize technical coordination fertilizing soil.Utilize hold drain ditch successfully season in winter slack, ensure that draining is convenient, affect Chinese milk vetch growth to prevent water-logging, ponding or accumulated water.After beginning of spring next year simultaneously, build frog and prevent escaping net, comprise purse seine and sky net, purse seine aperture 8 ~ 10mm, sky screen distance about 15mm.Select sow paddy rice suitable period, usually general in sowing in about 20 days April, generally transplanting or rice transplanting at the beginning of at the end of May to 6 month.Open " well " or " field " shape in organic water rice field, for perching of frog growth, furrow width is generally 50cm, dark 50cm, and the gross area of ditch accounts for 10% of area of field.Choose that high-grade rice kind is as fragrant in beautiful pin perfume, No. 17, the late Xian in Hunan, beautiful post, agriculture be fragrant 18, Huang Huazhan and Hunan No. 12, Xian in evening etc.Sow first 5 ~ 7 days and arrange rice seedling bed.With dung polluted water 500-1000 kilograms for base fertilizer, adopt the method for traditional watery ricenursery, light seeding is even to be broadcast, nurturing staff.Fresh for Chinese milk vetch grass was turned in soil in before rice transplanting 7 ~ 15 days, embedded depth 10 ~ 20cm, turn over rear maintenance field area water and be no more than 1cm.Transplant and use the fertilizers such as pig manure, cow dung, biogas residue and biogas liquid and cake-shaped rape seed dregs in first 2 ~ 3 days.Meanwhile, arrangement or excavation frog perch ditch.A light trap is set up every 10 ~ 15 meters according to purse seine post along purse seine.Set up a light trap in land for growing field crops central authorities according to sky net post every 15 ~ 20 meters.Cultivate tadpole and seedling March.Late May, after field is put in order, place tadpole children 5000 ~ 10000/mu.Adopt frog to trample the method weeding combined with uprooting weed, the later stage carries out artificial uprooting weed 2 ~ 3 times, and about 15 days June of first time, about second time l5 day in July.Depending on weeds in paddy field situation, third time is about l0 day in August.In mid or late July and mid-August, with Lime Sulphur To Control rice sheath blight disease and rice blast.At the beginning of early August, with striped rice borer sex attractant control striped rice borer moth appearance.September, early and middle ten days, when the insects such as rice field plant hopper and weevil occur, increased the predation of frog injected volume to prey on the insect such as plant hopper and weevil.
Claims (10)
1. an organic rice production method, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
A, early-stage preparations:
Select organic soil field, plantation Chinese milk vetch, gathers in Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds before rice transplanting;
B, seedling:
When seedling planting, bask seeds and process of sorting seed by salt water to rice paddy seed, then quicklime seed soaking sterilization, sow front animal wastes of using fermentation for 5 ~ 7 days and makees base fertilizer, employing watery ricenursery mode, and controls rice seedlings length of time at 21 ~ 28 days;
C, arrangement organic soil field:
Rice seedling is transplanted and is carried out turning over macerating by Chinese milk vetch stalk for first 7 ~ 15 days, rice seedling is transplanted first 1 ~ 2 day, animal wastes by fermentation, natural pond slag and colza cake are by fermentation used to organic soil Tanaka, and maintains the field water degree of depth 3 ~ 5cm, finally excavate frog and perch ditch;
The transplanting of d, rice seedling and the water and fertilizer management after transplanting:
Transplanting time according to different rice varieties is transplanted, tadpole seedling is placed after rice transplanting, during rice tillering is contained, carry out pouring water and carry out natural pond liquid irrigation simultaneously, when field seedling counts to 25 ~ 280,000/mu, dig trenches to drain the water away when reaching 90% of plan spike number, start the mode dry field taking heavy dew gently to shine, keep there is water in ditch simultaneously;
E, paddy rice harvesting:
At rice maturity, carry out staying 45-55cm height stubble to gather in the crops, after having gathered in the crops, the straw in field is evenly scattered, prepare the sowing carrying out next batch of Chinese milk vetch, and results organic rice grain is stored and sold.
2. organic rice production method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step b, uses the animal wastes 500 ~ 1000 kgs/acre of fermentation.
3. organic rice production method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step c, turning over the concrete steps of macerating to Chinese milk vetch stalk is first turn in soil by Chinese milk vetch stalk, and rear maintenance field area water of turning over is no more than 1cm and macerates 5 ~ 14 days.
4. organic rice production method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step c, animal wastes 1500 kgs/acre are by fermentation used to organic soil Tanaka, use natural pond slag 1000 kgs/acre, use colza cake 100 ~ 200 kgs/acre by fermentation.
5. organic rice production method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described steps d, within after rice seedling throwing the 3rd day, places tadpole seedling 5000 ~ 10000/mu.
6. organic rice production method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described steps d, the irrigation volume that natural pond liquid is irrigated is 5 ~ 10m
3/ mu.
7. organic rice production method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described step c excavates frog perches ditch and be specially and dig the dark 50cm of wide 50cm " well " or " field " shape ditch in field, and ditch area accounts for rice field area 10%.
8. organic rice production method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the animal wastes in step b and step c are that pig manure is or/and cow dung is or/and human excrement.
9. organic rice production method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step a in any step in steps d, set up purse seine and sky net, concrete steps are as follows:
Purse seine and sky net is set up according to mound, organic soil field block, ridge arranges every 5 ~ 8m the purse seine pillar of a high 60 ~ 80cm, purse seine pillar is with the net that aperture is 8 ~ 10mm, organic soil field is surrounded the space of 10 ~ 15 mu of multiple all round closure, closed above each space by multiple days net supports and the net covered on day net support again in each space formed simultaneously, it net support is arranged every 5 ~ 8m, and sky net support is high is 1.8 ~ 2.0m.
10. organic rice production method according to claim 9, is characterized in that, in each described space, set up a light trap along purse seine every 10 ~ 15m on purse seine pillar or sky net support.
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