CN109511499A - A kind of comprehensive breeding technology of mountain area terraced fields glutinous rice spiral shell - Google Patents
A kind of comprehensive breeding technology of mountain area terraced fields glutinous rice spiral shell Download PDFInfo
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- CN109511499A CN109511499A CN201811408361.4A CN201811408361A CN109511499A CN 109511499 A CN109511499 A CN 109511499A CN 201811408361 A CN201811408361 A CN 201811408361A CN 109511499 A CN109511499 A CN 109511499A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/51—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of gastropods, e.g. abalones or turban snails
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of comprehensive breeding technologies of mountain area terraced fields glutinous rice spiral shell, and using mountain area terrace cropping glutinous rice, terraced fields intercropping river snail, rice spiral shell integrated ecosystem increases terraced fields comprehensive benefit.Mountain area terraced fields are retained throughout the year, and mud is thicker, and year plants single cropping rice, and terraced fields water temperature is cool in summer and warm in winter, provides good living environment for river snail Reproduction.The present invention is the intercropping river snail in glutinous rice in the terraced fields of mountain area, and mixes other ingredients using a variety of probiotics and fermented feed is made, and is used for feeding river snail.Since fermented feed is using fermented production of raw materials such as system chaff, oil chaff, peanut press pulps, have many advantages, such as that easy to operate, at low cost, full of nutrition, easy to digest, yield is high, is suitable for carrying out scale application and promotes.Testing proves that the present invention does not influence single cropping glutinous rice yield using the comprehensive plant breeding model of glutinous rice spiral shell, and has planted more than output 1300 yuan or more than single glutinous rice, obtains good economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of comprehensive breeding technologies of mountain area terraced fields glutinous rice spiral shell.
Background technique
River snail delicious flavour, full of nutrition, widely distributed, it is the favorite aquatic products of the masses that feeding is convenient.According to analysis detection
Spiral shell meat protein rich in, vitamin and amino acid and microelement needed by human, are typical natural health-care products,
It is natural good medicine simply.In recent years, as the improvement of people's living standards, great changes, people has occurred in the diet structure of people
Food in high protein, the food specific gravity of low fat it is also increasing, spiral shell meat is become with its distinctive flavor and healthcare function
The good merchantable brand that people competitively eat.The especially hot popularization of this local snack of Liuzhou river snails rice noodle in China in recent years,
One of its main food materials raw material --- river snail, it has also become one star of hope to rise up slowly of culture fishery.
Since river snail likes to inhabit in cool in summer and warm in winter, soft fertile, the bait water body abundant of soil property, ingest mud in natural water area
Phytoplankton, the tender water plant of children, moss etc. in microorganism, humus and water in soil, but it resists cold and fears heat, life
Preference temperature is 20 DEG C~28 DEG C, and water temperature stops ingesting lower than 10 DEG C or higher than 30 DEG C, pierces soil, thick grass gos to a winter resort and avoids heat.
Currently, China's aquatic breeding field snail is since the factors such as technology not yet form large-scale cultivation, small range is carried out using rice field in some areas
Report is sporadicly cultivated and is seen in, but without forming the complete cultural technique of series, there is no solve rice field design improvement, cultivation ring
Border, throw-in density, the technical issues of feeding feed etc., the comprehensive benefits such as economy, society, ecology are bad, it is difficult to extensive
Application.
Chinese invention patent 201410339318.2 discloses a kind of cultural method of high mountain shell river snail, and this method passes through
Null is set in the rice field that height above sea level is 800-1200 meters, and breeds in null and cultivates river snail, is then carried out in second year
Harvest.For the patent compared with the present invention, which mainly plants common rice；Cultivation rice field, breeding environment do not have design improvement
With construction Ecological regulation measure；Breeding process is not developed using river snail feed, actually belong to people put day support, can not implement to carry out
Large-scale cultivation；It cultivates narrow scope (800-1200 meters), promoted extension is restricted；Common rice and river snail low output, society
Meeting mixed economy value is low.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is providing a kind of comprehensive breeding technology of mountain area terraced fields glutinous rice spiral shell, technology benefit
With mountain area terrace cropping glutinous rice, terraced fields intercropping river snail, rice spiral shell integrated ecosystem increases terraced fields comprehensive benefit.
The technical solution for solving above-mentioned technical problem is: a kind of comprehensive breeding technology of mountain area terraced fields glutinous rice spiral shell, including following
Step:
(1) selection of glutinous rice and river snail: glutinous rice selects the glutinous rice varieties of fragrant round-grained rice, and river snail selects Cipangopaludina chinensis kind；
(2) terraced fields select: choosing height above sea level in the terraced fields of 500~1000m, terraced fields water quality meets water quality standard for fishery；
(3) Luo Gou is arranged: " one ", " ten " or " well " font Luo Gou, ditch depth 30-50cm, furrow width is arranged in terraced fields center
Circular groove, ditch depth 30cm, furrow width 200cm is arranged in 100cm, terraced fields surrounding, and central Luo Gou is communicated with circular groove, and spiral shell ditch area accounts for terraced fields
The 10% of the gross area；
(4) glutinous rice shoot transplanting equipment: by the length of time rice seedlings grow 40~50 days shoot transplanting equipments to terraced fields, 2.4~3.3 meters of compartment width, between compartment
Away from 0.4~0.6 meter, transplanting spacing is 30 cm x (17~20) centimetre, 3~4 paddy seedling/caves, Basic Seedling 7~90,000/mu；
(5) spiral shell kind is launched: directly being launched kind of a spiral shell after turning green to rice shoot, is put in a suitable place to breed per acre more than or equal to 10g specification spiral shell kind
50kg, or launch 10g or less specification children's spiral shell 100kg；
(6) feeding management:
1. dressing fertilizer: launch spiral shell kind after monthly dressing fertilizer 1 time, kind be it is fermented after biogas slurry, livestock manure, stalk or
Other organic fertilizers, each 25~50kg/666.67m of dosage2；
2. the preparation of fermented feed: step 1, the aspergillus oryzae culture solution 1000ml for taking fresh cultured, calcium chloride 50g, nitric acid
Magnesium 50g after mixing, then with 50kg batch is mixed with 30L clear water, then spreads out into the feed heap fermentation of high 15-25cm
48h, during which daily turning 1-2 times；Step 2, the S. cervisiae for taking fresh cultured, lactobacillus acidophilus and lactoenterococcus are each
500ml, glucose or sucrose 500g, are then uniformly mixed with 30L clear water, then stir evenly with the feed fermented in step 1
Obtain fermented feed within sealing and fermenting 48 hours or more afterwards；
The component and parts by weight of the batch are as follows: system 24 parts of chaff, 56 parts of oil chaff, 10 parts of peanut press pulp, imported fish meal 5
Part, 3 parts of organic calcium powder, 1 part of multivitamin, 1 part of minerals；
3. feeding: not having to feed feed in 15 days after fertilising, feed fermented feed after 15 days；Feeding method: water temperature 20
Fermented feed is fed according to the 3% of terraced fields river snail total weight at~28 DEG C；It feeds 1 time within every 3 days, divides at 7 points in the morning, at 7 points in afternoon each
Half is fed, fixed dotted feed is distributed rice field surrounding, each right place；
(7) water quality adjustment: terraced fields water body dissolved oxygen amount Yaos Qiu≤3.5mg/L, cultivates 9~11cm of the phase depth of water, water temperature over-high or
It is too low can to change in time the new water of note by increase and decrease depth of water regulation, when poor water quality, anoxic or water temperature over-high, prevent river snail dead,
Quantity of exchanged water is the 1/4~1/2 of the terraced fields depth of water every time；
(8) it gathers in paddy: being harvested when 95% or more yellow maturity of paddy mature grain, river snail is first introduced into Luo Gou when rice harvest and is raised
It supports, solid carbon dioxide dries in the air and gathers in paddy behind field；
(9) it harvests river snail: being caught in summer and autumn, fishing when river snail is supported to 18~22 grams leaves the parent within enough 20%
Spiral shell continues to breed.
A further technical solution of the present invention is: further include the pest control procedures after glutinous rice shoot transplanting equipment, it is specific to grasp
As:
The tillering stage prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: 12~13 days after transplanting, rice leaf pest, rice leaf roller, planthopper pest and disease damage are prevented and treated, often
Mu eats 100 milliliter of+10% imidacloprid wettable powder 20 of hydrazine wettable powder with 75% tricyclazole wettable powder, 30 gram of+20% suppression
Gram or 16 grams of 50% pymetrozine wettable powder, be watered 100~120 jin it is spraying, be spaced 10~15 days, then spray 1 time；
The boot stage prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: mainly preventing and treating rice sheath blight disease, planthopper, per acre with 5% jinggangmeisu aqua, 150 milli
16 grams of+50% pymetrozine wettable powder is risen, 100~120 jin of spraying prevention and treatments are watered, to seedlings of cereal crops middle part, root even spraying, field
Keep 2~3 centimetres of water layers；
The big tire phase prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: panicle blast, false smut are mainly prevented and treated, 5~7 days before the cut phase, per acre with 75% 3
30 gram+30% of ring azoles wettable powder, 20 milliliters of seedling of love is watered 100~120 jin of spraying prevention and treatments；
The cut phase prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: panicle blast, false smut are mainly prevented and treated, per acre with 20 grams of 75% tricyclazole wettable powder
+ 2% 23 gram+30% of kasugarnycin aqua, 20 milliliters of seedling of love is watered 100~120 jin of spraying prevention and treatments；
The full heading time prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: panicle blast, branch stalk pest are mainly prevented and treated, per acre with 20 grams of 75% tricyclazole wettable powder
+ 2% 23 grams of kasugarnycin aqua is watered 100~120 jin of spraying prevention and treatments；
The pustulation period prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: main prevention and treatment branch obstructs pest, grain pest, per acre with 23~30 grams of 2% kasugarnycin aqua,
It is watered 100~120 jin of spraying prevention and treatments.
Mountain area terraced fields are retained throughout the year, and mud is thicker, and year plants single cropping rice, and terraced fields water temperature is cool in summer and warm in winter, are produced for river snail
Breeding provides good living environment.The present invention is the intercropping river snail in glutinous rice in the terraced fields of mountain area, and uses a variety of probiotics
It mixes other ingredients and fermented feed is made, be used for feeding river snail.Since fermented feed utilizes the raw materials such as system chaff, oil chaff, peanut press pulp
Fermented production has many advantages, such as that easy to operate, at low cost, full of nutrition, easy to digest, yield is high, is suitable for carrying out scale application
With popularization.Test proves that the present invention does not influence single cropping glutinous rice yield using the comprehensive plant breeding model of glutinous rice spiral shell, and than single
One glutinous rice has planted output mostly 1300 yuan or more, obtains good economic benefit.
Below with reference to technical characteristic of the embodiment to a kind of comprehensive breeding technology of mountain area terraced fields glutinous rice spiral shell of the present invention make into
The explanation of one step.
Specific embodiment
A kind of comprehensive breeding technology of mountain area terraced fields glutinous rice spiral shell, comprising the following steps:
The selection of 1 terraced fields
1.1 terraced fields height above sea level
Hills at terraced fields, 500~1000m of height above sea level.
1.2 terraced fields water sources
Terraced fields water source is mountain area nature flowing water, spring, streams water, river water and hydraulic engineering diversion, is had abundant water resources, water quality symbol
It closes water quality standard for fishery (GB 11607).
1.3 terrace shapes and area
Terraced fields are blocky in strip, round, rectangular, and soil property is fertile, silt depth 30-80cm, no cold soaking, leeward to face south, and protect
Aqueous energy is good.1-10 mus of terraced fields area.
The transformation of 2 terraced fields
2.1 Tian Ji
Block is built in Tian Jiwei earth embankment or solidification, and Gao Du≤50cm, width degree≤30cm can be retained and store water depth≤30cm.
2.2 into pumping equipment
Nature flowing water irrigation canals and ditches or PVC pipe are used into discharge outlet, water inlet and discharge outlet are set as diagonal line, set into draining
It is set to miniflow water state.
2.3 anti-escape device
Miscellaneous net is blocked in water inlet setting, and mesh sheet is polythene material, 80 mesh of mesh.The string bag, long 50cm, diameter 5- is made
10cm, network interface are tightened with nylon rope.Discharge outlet, which is set up defences, to be escaped grid (net), 40 mesh of mesh, and material is zinc-coated wire mesh sheet.
2.4 Luo Gou arrangement
In terraced fields center, " one ", " ten " or " well " font Luo Gou, ditch depth 30cm, furrow width 100cm is set.Terraced fields surrounding is set
Set circular groove, ditch depth 30cm, furrow width 200cm.Central Luo Gou is communicated with circular groove, and spiral shell ditch area accounts for the 10% of the terraced fields gross area.
The selection of 3 glutinous rices
It is glutinous using high-quality, resistance to fertile, disease-resistant, resistant to lodging, moderate growth duration rice varieties perfume (or spice) round-grained rice, plant single cropping.
The selection of 4 river snails
Using Cipangopaludina chinensis kind, spiral shell kind selection individual is big, growth is fast, and figure is mellow and full, shell surface intact unbroken, no ant
The helminths such as locust, lid mouth shrink rapid, strong individual.
5 rice croppings
The selection and processing of 5.1 seeds
5.1.1 seed is selected
The high-quality breeding or the seed up to standard by relevant department's quality of authentication by purification and rejuvenation are selected, terraced fields are used per acre
4~5 jin of kind amount.
5.1.2 basking seeds and elite seed
It basks seeds and seeding quality can be improved with elite seed, lay a solid foundation to cultivate strong seedling.Selection fair weather will before seed soaking
Seed teds half a day, and enhancing kind skin gas permeability promotes enzymatic activity, improves percentage of seedgermination.Seed clear water after shining well is selected,
Remove floater, the impurity etc. of floating, improves germination neat and consistent.
5.1.3 seed soaking and vernalization
Using " interval method for soaking seed ".With 500 times of 1% lime solution, 25% carbendazim or strong chlorine oil solution, seed soaking disinfection 24
Hour, after water is rinsed well, continue interval seed soaking 24 hours, change within every 8~12 hours washing kind, repeat 2~3 times, plays water drip
It is 30~40 minutes dry, it can vernalization.Seed, such as bamboo basket are contained with the good container of permeability when vernalization, with wet gunnysack or wet cloth
It covering on seed, heat and moisture preserving to high temperature breaks chest, and it turns on one's side seed 2~3 times, keeps temperature and humidity inside and outside seed consistent, constant temperature (30~
32 DEG C) vernalization, rice sprout " showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally " sows afterwards.
5.2 beginning sowing in good time
Accurate sowing time is divided, it is ensured that September using altitude height as standard according to melt water high and cold mountain area climatic characteristic
The first tenday period of a month ear safely.900~1000 meters of field sowing time of height above sea level are mid or late April；800~900 meters of field sowing time of height above sea level are 4
The last ten-days period moon；700~800 meters of field sowing time of height above sea level are at the beginning of 5 months；600~700 meters of field sowing time of height above sea level are the first tenday period of a month in May；Height above sea level
500~600 meters of field sowing time are early or mid May.
5.3 cultivate strong seedling
5.3.1 the selection and preparation in rice seedling bed
Selection hidding and sunny side, fertile soil, slightly slant acidity is native, the field of irrigation and drainage is facilitated to make rice seedling bed.Sowing preceding 10~15
It, uniformly kills mouse, plow harrow retting rice seedling bed.It sows preceding 1~2 day site preparation, rake, go to cut weeds, land confused flour beetle rice shoot, ridge building encloses four
It week opens inner ring ditch water discharge, play compartment, leveling, compartment face is 1.1~1.2 meters wide, and 40~50 centimetres of compartment spacing, 10~15 centimetres of ditch depth.Often
Square metre spread fertilizer over the fields 3~5 jin of decomposed farmyard manure fine crushing uniformly for base manure, light indentation soil avoids seed from directly contacting with base manure.
5.3.2 sowing and epiphragma
Area distributions bud paddy, 100 grams every square metre or so bud paddy uniform broadcastings are pressed when sowing, light indentation soil loses rice sprout
It is advisable.It after planting, is 2 meters with width with the almost the same small bamboo chip of size (length is 2.3~2.4 meters) compartment arched shed support processed
Thin transparent membrane cover arching canopy, stressed membrane, surrounding is buried in the earth, compact with soil, takes off film with radix saposhnikoviae.Spread fertilizer over the fields poison bait in rice seedling bed periphery
Protection against rodents.
5.3.3 young plants management
5.3.3.1 taking off film in due course
Film temperature adjustment, regulating the qi flowing in the channels, hardening are taken off in due course.From 1 leaf sealing film heat and moisture preserving is seeded into, promote to emerge neat, healthy and strong, film
Interior temperature does not take off film ventilation not higher than 35 DEG C.1~2 leaf is divulged information hardening, opened when the fine day morning 10 to afternoon 3 film one it is logical
Air port.Reinforce ventilation hardening after 2 leaves, opens film both ends ventilation opening, temperature and humidity control prevents excessive growth.Enter " taking off film entirely " after 3 leaves
Management.
5.3.3.2 water and fertilizer management
From the 1 leaf phase that was seeded into, ditch-water is kept, to do promoting root growth.2~3 leaves irrigate shoaling layer and flooded compartment face, promote rice shoot point
Tiller.Fertilizer deficiency after 3 leaf of rice shoot, it is partially yellow to show as the long potential difference of rice shoot, leaf color, per acre rice seedling bed apply compound fertilizer (N/P/K content 15:15:
15) 20 jin, promote rice shoot tiller.First 2~3 days of transplanting, spraying 0.2~0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate is " send and transfer fertilizer ".It transplants previous
It, fills 5~6 centimetres of profundal zone in favor of pulling up seedlings.Rice seedling bed keeps 2~3 centimetres of water layers when spraying desinsection, top dressing.
5.3.3.3 the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
For local main rice pest, 3 leaf of rice shoot is prevented and treated for 2~3 days after taking off film entirely, main prevention and treatment rice leaf pest,
The pest and disease damages such as planthopper, rice leaf roller, rice thrips and rice leafhopper.Per acre with 20~30 grams of 75% tricyclazole wettable powder+
50% 16 gram+70% of pymetrozine wettable powder, three 40 grams of happy insecticide is watered 100~120 jin by spraying.Transplanting is sprayed for first 2~3 days again
It applies once as " send and transfer medicine ", is sprayed together in conjunction with " send and transfer fertilizer ".
The selection and site preparation of 5.4 terraced fields
500~1000 meters of high and cold mountain areas of height above sea level are selected, hidding and sunny side, the terraced fields for facilitating irrigation and drainage, preservation capacity of water and fertility good are transplanted,
Soil property is preferably loam, followed by sandy loam, should not be planted in sandy soil field.Terraced fields site preparation requires the winter to turn over, 5~10 before rice transplanting
Its waterlogged plot that harrows a field, closes on rice transplanting 1~2 day and harrows a field smooth, rakes after uniformly spreading fertilizer over the fields base manure, reaches that ground grading is thin, loam fusion.
5.5 transplantings in due course, rational close planting
Longer according to the fragrant round-grained rice glutinous tiller early period time, mid-term ineffective tillering increases, and later period plant is tall and big to be difficult to prevent and treat disease pest
The kind property feature such as evil divides the narrow strain of compartment wide row, more paddy seedling transplantings using above the average age for marriage shoot transplanting equipment, strives for based on primary tillering, secondary
Principle transplanting supplemented by Tiller ears.
Transplanting was advisable for the length of time rice seedlings grow 40~50 days, and 2.4~3.3 meters of compartment width, 0.4~0.6 meter of compartment spacing, transplanting spacing is 30 lis
Rice × (17~20) centimetre, 3~4 paddy seedling/caves, Basic Seedling 7~90,000/mu.With height above sea level be incremented by, the fragrant glutinous plant of round-grained rice by
Gradual change is short, and planting density opposite should increase.In 800 meters of height above sea level or more terraced fields, transplanting spacing is 17 centimetres of 30 cm x, 4
Grain paddy seedling/cave, basic seedling amount 8~90,000/mu, it is easier to obtain stable high yield.
5.6 balance fertilizing
Science is planned strategies for fertilizer, carries out soil measurement formula to soil fertility, according to mountain area rice field feature, according to " preceding heavy, middle control,
Mend afterwards " principle, balance fertilizing.Depending on seedlings of cereal crops growing way " Shaoshi more eat " top dressing, suitably increase phosphorus, potash fertilizer, reduce fertilizer loss and
To water and soil pollution, utilization rate of fertilizer is improved.
5.6.1 base manure is used sufficient
Mainly based on organic fertilizer, general mu applies 50~60 jin of 800~1000 jin+phosphate fertilizer of well-rotted farmyard manure to base manure, accounts for about terraced fields
Total fertilization amount 60%~70%.Well-rotted farmyard manure or organic fertilizer have the characteristics that nutrition is comprehensive, fertilizer efficiency is long, effectively improve
The problems such as mountain area rice field available nutrient is low, lacks phosphorus, potash fertilizer, is conducive to rice normal growth.
5.6.2 in due course top dressing
5.6.2.1 " promoting fetilizer for tillering " is imposed early period
It imposes " tillering fertilizer " within 6~7 days after transplanting, generally imposes compound fertilizer (N/P/K content 15:15:15) 10~15 per acre
Jin is conducive to above the average age for marriage seedling and turns green in time tiller, promotes farmyard manure or the starting of organic fertilizer fertilizer efficiency.14~15 days after transplanting, depending on the growth of cereal crop seedlings
Secondary top dressing, if the long potential difference of the seedlings of cereal crops or leaf color are thin, general 8~10 jin of Mu Shi compound fertilizer (N/P/K content 15:15:15) is adjusted
Seedling gesture is controlled, effective tillering is improved.
5.6.2.2 the middle and later periods imposes " relay fertilizer "
Middle and later periods imposes " relay fertilizer ", is effectively prevented seedlings of cereal crops early ageing, promotes big panicle many grains per panicle, improves solid and mass of 1000 kernel.
After transplanting after 60~70 days or dry field, into panicle primordium dif ferentiation stage, depending on the growth of cereal crop seedlings, if leaf color is thin, " relay fertilizer " for the first time is imposed,
8~10 jin of general Mu Shi compound fertilizer is used as ear manuer.The big tire phase imposes second " relay fertilizer ", 10~12 jin of general mu potassium application
As granulated fertilizer.
5.7 Rational Irrigation
Terraced fields soil surface slightly has water layer transplanting, and 2~3 centimetres of shoaling layer are irrigated after cultivation, and more open fields are irrigated repeatedly, promotes standing grain
Miao Changgen, tiller.If daytime temperature is higher, fills 5~6 centimetres of deep water and turn green.30~35 days after transplanting, general mu terraced fields seedling number
Reach 13~140,000 seedlings, it then follows the principle of " whens seedling number is not enough equal, when to not equal seedlings ", draining dry field.Field seedling number foot, growing way
The field prosperous, fertility is sufficient should early shine, shine again.On the contrary then solarization late, light solarization.The degree of dry field, general shine to going to the field do not fall into foot, leaf
Color moves back light, and blade straightens to promote the seedlings of cereal crops to take root, control ineffective tillering, improve utilization rate of fertilizer and lodging tolerance for degree.Mountain area
Cold soaking type terraced fields, ridge cracks after dry field, is easy to be washed away by rainwater, causes rice field avalanche, is suitable for putting field processing.
Boot stage shallow water frequent irrigation keeps field moisture state, and heading stage keeps 3~4 centimetres of shallow water layer-managements.Blooming stage fills
5~10 centimetres of profundal zones are irrigate, if daytime temperature is higher, takes day to fill, night row, adjusts field temperature, mitigate Climatic regionalization.It fills
Slurry phase moisture management is never cut off the water supply too early.Stage of yellow ripeness field is wet, fine fisssure, and people's row is without footprint.
5.8 comprehensive weedings
The growth of weeds is alternately controlled using the depth of terraced fields water layer.20~30 days artificial weedings are primary after transplanting,
It can be according to the timely weeding of Weed infestation degree of terraced fields.
5.9 integrated control pest and disease damages
" putting prevention first, integrated control " is to ensure that the important measures of the glutinous stable high yield of fragrant round-grained rice.Pest and disease damage prediction is carried out,
Physical control, trapping and reduction pest radix are carried out using the ecomodel of installation solar energy frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, reduces pesticide
Usage amount accomplishes Harmless control as far as possible.When necessary, selection low toxicity, highly effective pesticide are prevented and treated, Pest management initial
Stage.It each growth critical period, aims at prevention, comprehensive prevention and control rice blast occurs, it is ensured that safety heading is in the milk to maturation.
5.9.1 bionomic control
Development " rice+insecticidal lamp " ecomodel of making the best use of the situation reduces pest base by solar insect-killing light insect-killing trapping
Number.The pests such as " rice+insecticidal lamp " ecomodel prevention and treatment planthopper are utilized, in rice tillering peak period, boot stage to pustulation period, to anti-
Controlling rice hoppers has certain effect.
5.9.2 the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
5.9.2.1 tillering stage
12~13 days after transplanting, the pest and disease damages such as prevention and treatment rice leaf pest, rice leaf roller, planthopper.Per acre with 75% tricyclazole
30 gram of+20% suppression food 100 milliliter+10% of hydrazine wettable powder, 20 grams of imidacloprid wettable powder of wettable powder or 50% pymetrozine
16 grams of wettable powder, it is watered 100~120 jin by spraying.Interval 10~15 days, then spray 1 time.
5.9.2.2 boot stage
Boot stage mainly prevents and treats rice sheath blight disease, planthopper, per acre with 150 milliliter+50% per acre of 5% jinggangmeisu aqua
16 grams of pymetrozine wettable powder, it is watered 100~120 jin of spraying prevention and treatments.To in the middle part of the seedlings of cereal crops, root even spraying, field keeps 2~
3 centimetres of water layers.
5.9.2.3 big tire phase, cut phase, full heading time
The big tire phase: panicle blast, false smut are mainly prevented and treated.5~7 days before the cut phase, per acre with 75% tricyclazole wettable
30 gram+30% of pulvis, 20 milliliters of seedling of love is watered 100~120 jin of spraying prevention and treatments.
The cut phase: panicle blast, false smut are mainly prevented and treated.It is mould with 75% tricyclazole wettable powder, 20 gram of+2% spring thunder per acre
23 gram+30% of plain aqua, 20 milliliters of seedling of love is watered 100~120 jin of spraying prevention and treatments.
Full heading time: panicle blast is mainly prevented and treated, branch obstructs pest.It is mould with 75% tricyclazole wettable powder, 20 gram of+2% spring thunder per acre
23 grams of plain aqua is watered 100~120 jin of spraying prevention and treatments.
5.9.2.4 the pustulation period
Pustulation period: main prevention and treatment branch obstructs pest, grain pest.The foggy condensation of rice region is easy to cause branch stalk pest, grain pest, per acre
With 23~30 grams of 2% kasugarnycin aqua, it is watered 100~120 jin of spraying prevention and treatments.
5.10 harvest in due course
95% or more yellow maturity of terraced fields paddy mature grain can harvest, and river snail is first introduced Luo Gou raising when rice harvest, is done
Water dries in the air and gathers in paddy behind field.Timely threshing after harvest dries, is put in storage storage, and paddy water content≤13.5% is advisable.
6 aquatic breeding field snails
6.1 disinfections are clear miscellaneous
Terraced fields with quick lime (200mg/L) or bleaching powder (20mg/L) etc. sterilize, thoroughly remove weeds, Pomacea canaliculata, carp,
The harmful organisms such as grass carp, black carp.
The dispensing of 6.2 spiral shell kinds
Kind of a spiral shell is directly launched after turning green to rice shoot.River snail is put in a suitable place to breed puts foot in 3~October in batches or disposably.It puts in a suitable place to breed per acre
10g or more specification spiral shell kind 50kg, or launch 10g or less specification children's spiral shell 100kg.
6.3 feeding management
6.3.1 dressing fertilizer
Launch spiral shell kind after monthly dressing fertilizer 1 time, dressing fertilizer kind can be it is fermented after biogas slurry, livestock manure, stalk
Equal organic fertilizers, a small amount of multiple applications, according to water quality difference, each 25~50kg/666.67m of dosage of organic fertilizer2。
6.3.2 feed
Do not have to feed feed in 15 days after fertilising.Fermented feed is fed after 15 days.
6.3.3 prepared by fermented feed
6.3.3.1 aspergillus oryzae culture solution 1000ml, calcium chloride 50g, the magnesium nitrate 50g for taking fresh cultured, it is mixed with 30L clear water
After closing uniformly, then mix with 50kg batch, the feed heap for then spreading out into high 15-25cm ferments 48h, during which daily turning 1-2
It is secondary.The component and parts by weight of the batch are as follows: 24 parts of chaff of system, 56 parts of oil chaff, 10 parts of peanut press pulp, 5 parts of imported fish meal, organic
3 parts of calcium powder, 1 part of multivitamin, 1 part of minerals.
6.3.3.2 each 500ml of S. cervisiae, lactobacillus acidophilus and lactoenterococcus of fresh cultured, glucose are taken
Or sucrose 500g, it is then uniformly mixed with 30L clear water, then sealed after mixing evenly with the feed fermented in step 6.3.3.1
Obtain fermented feed within fermentation 48 hours or more.
6.3.4 feeding method
It is the optimum growth temperature of river snail at 20~28 DEG C of water temperature, need to largely feeds bait.According to terraced fields river snail total amount
3% feeds fermentation material, feeds 1 time within every 3 days, and at 7 points in the morning, at 7 points in afternoon is divided respectively to feed half, and fixed dotted feed is distributed rice field four
Week.Each right place.
6.3.5 record
Daily record weather, water temperature, water quality, feed feed, discharge organic fertilizer, growth measurement, river snail death, sales volume,
Situations such as income, achieves and saves 3 years.
6.4 water quality adjustment
Terraced fields water body dissolved oxygen amount Yaos Qiu≤3.5mg/L, cultivation phase depth of water 10cm or so, water temperature over-high or too low passes through increasing
Diminishing regulates and controls deeply.Note new water should be changed when poor water quality, anoxic or water temperature over-high in time, prevents river snail dead.Quantity of exchanged water is every time
The 1/4~1/2 of the terraced fields depth of water.Torridity summer water temperature is high, and water quality is easy to ruin anoxic, Yao Qinhuan or long-term miniflow water, early spring and
Late fall water temperature is low, and changing waterside number can be reduced.
6.5 anti-escape
River snail often escapes from the ridge of intake-outlet and full water, and running check to block whether grid (net) are damaged, and heavy rain day is wanted
Pay attention to dredging discharge outlet, prevents water in field overfill even ridge from collapsing.
6.6 pre- disease preventions
River snail is common to have the soft operculum of calcium deficiency, spiral case undergrowth and leech to be critically ill evil.Often quick lime of splashing is added to Tanaka
Water can eliminate river snail acalcicosis, and the grass bundle trapping of the discovery dipped pig blood of leech has good effect.The enemy of river snail mainly has
Duck, aquatic bird and mouse especially especially will prevent duck from entering Tanaka.Black carp, carp, Tilapia mossambica and crucian should not be put in a suitable place to breed by supporting spiral shell rice field
Equal fish.
6.7 overwintering
River snail need to strengthen cultivation before entering the winter, enter terraced fields Shui Shen≤30cm after the winter, and straw is stacked in terraced fields makes river snail in grass
Lower overwintering.
6.8 harvest river snails
It can be caught in summer and autumn.When small spiral shell is generally supported to 20 grams or so of larger specification, so that it may fishing listing.Fishing sale
Should be staggered mating period of river snail, leave greatly by catching out, the close spiral shell within enough 20% is kept to continue to breed.Enter river snail after autumn
The most fertile, price is also higher, is the best opportunity efficiently sold.
The present invention tries out example
In on October 15, -2017 years on the 10th June in 2017, the technology of the present invention mode is in the village Long Pei, the township Gong Dong, Rongshui Guangxi county ladder
Implement comprehensive 300 mu of the breeding of glutinous rice spiral shell in field.650kg/ mus of terraced fields application of organic fertilizers, compound fertilizer 25kg/ mus, June before rice cultivation
The local of plantation on the 10th rice perfume (or spice) round-grained rice is glutinous, and dispensing on June 25 river snail children spiral shell 10kg, 110/kg of specification carry out intercropping.Breeding process
Use fermented feed 25kg.September harvest river snail on the 28th, harvesting on October 15 glutinous rice.Expert is formed through local agricultural, fishing sector
Group is randomly selected terraced fields and is counted, and wherein 1-2 field is the comprehensive plant breeding model of glutinous rice spiral shell, 3-4 field is single glutinous rice
Cropping pattern, acquisition both of which glutinous rice per unit area yield situation are shown in Table 1, both of which unit area product output situation and are shown in Table 2, two kind
Mode unit area investment situation is shown in Table 3.
As seen from Table 1: 1-2 field is all made of glutinous rice spiral shell aggregative model, wherein No. 1 0.8 mu of field area, obtain unit
352.2kg/ mus of area glutinous rice per unit area yield；No. 2 0.6 mu of field area, obtain 327.3kg/ mus of unit area glutinous rice per unit area yield.No. 1-2
Field glutinous rice is averaged 341.6kg/ mus of per unit area yield.
3-4 field is all made of single glutinous rice cropping pattern, wherein No. 3 0.4 mu of field area, obtain unit area glutinous rice
346kg/ mus of per unit area yield；No. 4 0.35 mu of field area, obtain 337.4kg/ mus of unit area glutinous rice per unit area yield.3-4 field glutinous rice is flat
Equal 341.8kg/ mus of per unit area yield.
As seen from Table 2: both of which glutinous rice per unit area yield is not much different, and the comprehensive plant breeding model of glutinous rice spiral shell produces single cropping glutinous rice
Amount does not influence；Glutinous rice spiral shell unit area Gross Output is 1363.4 yuan more than single glutinous rice Gross Output.
As seen from Table 3: both of which unit area investment difference is larger, the comprehensive plant breeding model unit area investment of glutinous rice spiral shell
1140 yuan, single glutinous rice cropping pattern unit area puts into 790 yuan, and the comprehensive plant breeding model of glutinous rice spiral shell is than single glutinous rice cropping pattern
More 350 yuan, but the former unit area Gross Output is 1363.4 yuan more than the latter.
The comprehensive breeding in 3. glutinous rice building of table and single glutinous rice cropping pattern unit area cost input summary sheet
Claims (2)
1. a kind of comprehensive breeding technology of mountain area terraced fields glutinous rice spiral shell, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
(1) selection of glutinous rice and river snail: glutinous rice selects the glutinous rice varieties of fragrant round-grained rice, and river snail selects Cipangopaludina chinensis kind；
(2) terraced fields select: choosing height above sea level in the terraced fields of 500~1000m, terraced fields water quality meets water quality standard for fishery；
(3) Luo Gou is arranged: " one ", " ten " or " well " font Luo Gou, ditch depth 30-50cm, furrow width is arranged in terraced fields center
Circular groove, ditch depth 30cm, furrow width 200cm is arranged in 100cm, terraced fields surrounding, and central Luo Gou is communicated with circular groove, and spiral shell ditch area accounts for terraced fields
The 10% of the gross area；
(4) glutinous rice shoot transplanting equipment: by the length of time rice seedlings grow 40~50 days shoot transplanting equipments to terraced fields, 2.4~3.3 meters of compartment width, compartment spacing
0.4~0.6 meter, transplanting spacing is 30 cm x (17~20) centimetre, 3~4 paddy seedling/caves, Basic Seedling 7~90,000/mu；
(5) spiral shell kind is launched: kind of a spiral shell is directly launched after turning green to rice shoot, is put in a suitable place to breed per acre more than or equal to 10g specification spiral shell kind 50kg, or
Launch 10g or less specification children's spiral shell 100kg；
(6) feeding management:
1. dressing fertilizer: launch spiral shell kind after monthly dressing fertilizer 1 time, kind be it is fermented after biogas slurry, livestock manure, stalk or other
Organic fertilizer, each 25~50kg/666.67m of dosage2；
2. the preparation of fermented feed: step 1, the aspergillus oryzae culture solution 1000ml for taking fresh cultured, calcium chloride 50g, magnesium nitrate
50g after mixing, then with 50kg batch is mixed with 30L clear water, then spreads out into feed heap 48 h of fermentation of high 15-25cm,
Period daily turning 1-2 times；Step 2, the S. cervisiae for taking fresh cultured, lactobacillus acidophilus and lactoenterococcus are each
500ml, glucose or sucrose 500g, are then uniformly mixed with 30L clear water, then stir evenly with the feed fermented in step 1
Obtain fermented feed within sealing and fermenting 48 hours or more afterwards；
The component and parts by weight of the batch are as follows: 24 parts of chaff of system, 10 parts of peanut press pulp, 5 parts of imported fish meal, has 56 parts of oil chaff
3 parts of machine calcium powder, 1 part of multivitamin, 1 part of minerals；
3. feeding: not having to feed feed in 15 days after fertilising, feed fermented feed after 15 days；Feeding method: water temperature 20~28
DEG C when according to the 3% of terraced fields river snail total weight feed fermented feed；It feeds 1 time within every 3 days, at 7 points in the morning, at 7 points in afternoon is divided respectively to feed one
Half, fixed dotted feed is distributed rice field surrounding, each right place；
(7) water quality adjustment: terraced fields water body dissolved oxygen amount Yaos Qiu≤3.5mg/L, cultivates 9~11cm of the phase depth of water, water temperature over-high or too low
The new water of note should can be changed in time by increase and decrease depth of water regulation, when poor water quality, anoxic or water temperature over-high, prevent river snail dead, change water
Amount is the 1/4~1/2 of the terraced fields depth of water every time；
(8) it gathers in paddy: being harvested when 95% or more yellow maturity of paddy mature grain, river snail is first introduced into Luo Gou raising when rice harvest, is done
Water dries in the air and gathers in paddy behind field；
(9) it harvests river snail: being caught in summer and autumn, fishing when river snail is supported to 18~22 grams leaves the close spiral shell within enough 20% and continues
Breeding.
2. the comprehensive breeding technology of a kind of mountain area terraced fields glutinous rice spiral shell according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: further include glutinous rice
Pest control procedures after shoot transplanting equipment, concrete operations are as follows:
The tillering stage prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: 12~13 days after transplanting, rice leaf pest, rice leaf roller, planthopper pest and disease damage are prevented and treated, per acre
100 milliliter of+10% imidacloprid wettable powder of hydrazine wettable powder is eaten with 75% tricyclazole wettable powder, 30 gram of+20% suppression
20 grams or 16 grams of 50% pymetrozine wettable powder are watered 100~120 jin of spraying, intervals 10~15 days, then spray 1 time；
The boot stage prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: mainly preventing and treating rice sheath blight disease, planthopper, per acre with 150 milliliters of 5% jinggangmeisu aqua+
50% 16 grams of pymetrozine wettable powder is watered 100~120 jin of spraying prevention and treatments, to seedlings of cereal crops middle part, root even spraying, field
Keep 2~3 centimetres of water layers；
The big tire phase prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: panicle blast, false smut are mainly prevented and treated, 5~7 days before the cut phase, per acre with 75% tricyclazole
30 gram+30% of wettable powder, 20 milliliters of seedling of love is watered 100~120 jin of spraying prevention and treatments；
The cut phase prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: panicle blast, false smut are mainly prevented and treated, per acre with 20 gram+2% of 75% tricyclazole wettable powder
23 gram+30% of kasugarnycin aqua, 20 milliliters of seedling of love is watered 100~120 jin of spraying prevention and treatments；
The full heading time prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: panicle blast, branch stalk pest are mainly prevented and treated, per acre with 20 gram+2% of 75% tricyclazole wettable powder
23 grams of kasugarnycin aqua, it is watered 100~120 jin of spraying prevention and treatments；
The pustulation period prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: main prevention and treatment branch stalk pest, grain pest are converted per acre with 23~30 grams of 2% kasugarnycin aqua
100~120 jin of water spraying prevention and treatments.
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