CN108401953A - A kind of rice shrimp makees altogether, continuous cropping cultural method - Google Patents
A kind of rice shrimp makees altogether, continuous cropping cultural method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108401953A CN108401953A CN201810309133.5A CN201810309133A CN108401953A CN 108401953 A CN108401953 A CN 108401953A CN 201810309133 A CN201810309133 A CN 201810309133A CN 108401953 A CN108401953 A CN 108401953A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/60—Fishing; Aquaculture; Aquafarming
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Abstract
A kind of rice shrimp makees altogether, continuous cropping cultural method, includes cultivation two parts of the plantation and cray of rice, wherein the cultivation part of cray includes step：(1) rice field is transformed；(2) juvenile shrimp cultivation；(3) at shrimp aquaculture；(4) it is caught at shrimp；(5) close shrimp is launched；(6) it is managed after receiving；Rice Cropping part includes the following steps：(1) rice cropping；(2) rice field manages；(3) dry field；(4) rice pest is prevented；(5) it drains, gather in.Can be by general rice shrimp continuous cropping mode, the morbidity frequency of cray was reduced to 45 days or so by 7~10 days, disease control expense was reduced by 150 yuan/mu or so, survival rate can be improved by 30~40% to 80% or more.Meanwhile, it is capable to can reduce the input cost of next year cray seedling by continuous cropping, accelerate list marketing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to proportion of crop planting and technical field of aquaculture, and in particular to a kind of rice shrimp makees altogether, continuous cropping cultivation
Method.
Background technology
Rice shrimp makees altogether and rice shrimp continuous cropping belongs to a kind of aquaculture model that breeding combines.Rice shrimp makees and is supported in rice field altogether
Cray and one season of plantation semilate rice are grown, during Rice Cropping, cray is shared weal and woe with rice in rice field.Rice shrimp continuous cropping is
Continue to cultivate cray after paddy field cultivation rice, Time To Market is shifted to an earlier date.It is disclosed not currently, having more patent document
Same rice shrimp makees cultural method and rice shrimp continuous cropping cultural method altogether.However, in practical applications, there are larger for the cultivation of cray
Cultivation risk, show, current general rice shrimp continuous cropping or altogether cultivate, the survival rate only 30%~40% of cray
Left and right, this is because it is in a cycle (6~9 months), frequency of disease development is high, reaches every 7~10 days i.e. morbidity once, and
And its disease control expense is up to 500~700 yuan/mu or so.
Invention content
To solve the above problems, this invention address that provide a kind of rice shrimp make altogether, continuous cropping cultural method, can be significantly
It reduces the frequency of disease development of cray, improve its survival rate.
A kind of rice shrimp provided by the invention makees altogether, continuous cropping cultural method comprising the cultivation of the plantation and cray of rice
Two parts, wherein：
The cultivation part of cray includes step：
(1) rice field is transformed:Ditching, ridge building, setting escaping-preventing facilities and into pumping equipment；Wherein, in ditching, along rice field field
Ridge outer rim at 7m~8m, excavates annular ditch into rice field, and levee toe is excavated away from ditch 2m, furrow width 3m~4m, ditch depth 1m~1.5m；It is building
When the ridge, the soil dug out using excavation annular ditch is reinforced, increases, widens ridge；Ridge often adds one layer of soil will be into when reinforcing
Row compacting；Ridge should be higher than that field face 0.6m~0.8m, top width 2m~3m；(2) juvenile shrimp cultivation：It is enclosed with purse seine and produces juvenile shrimp cultivation
Area, and cultivating transplanting submerged plant and fluitante in area and fixed with bamboo frame, and the rice field depth of water is made to be 0.3m~0.5m, and
Rich water is carried out before juvenile prawn is launched；Juvenile prawn after will be selected is transported to field, with the density of the tail of 30,000 tails per acre~600,000 by its
It is thrown to and cultivates area, when dispensing avoids direct sunlight；Launching daystart from juvenile prawn, at least day feeds animality feeding daily
Material, and so that water transparency is kept 30cm~40cm by changing water；Juvenile prawn grow 15~20 days or so it is rear removes purse seine, allow children
Shrimp voluntarily climbs into rice field, then continues at into the shrimp aquaculture stage；It is launched first 7 days or so in juvenile prawn and is cultivating area's progress rich water；
(3) at shrimp aquaculture
Before December, a water plant is monthly thrown, dosage is 150kg/ mus and applies primary decomposed farm manure, and dosage is
100kg/ mus~150kg/ mus；An animal fodder is fed in the platform shoal of balk weekly, feeding volume is generally with shrimp
The 2%~5% of total weight can not be fed when water temperature is less than 12 DEG C；
March in next year throws secondary water plant every month when water temperature rises to 16 DEG C or more, and each dosage is 100kg/ mus~
150kg/ mus；An animal fodder is fed weekly, and dosage is 0.5kg/ mus~1.0kg/ mus；It is daily also to feed a people at dusk
Work feed, feeding volume is that rice field deposits the 1%~4% of shrimp weight, to accelerate the growth of cray；
Often inspection, and regulate and control the depth of water：November to December keeps Soil surface water depth 30cm~50cm, with the decline of temperature,
Gradually deepen water level to 40cm~60cm；Water temperature is controlled with the method for adjusting the depth of water when March of second year, water temperature was gone up, is promoted
Water temperature is set to be more suitable for the growth of cray；
(4) it is caught at shrimp：Start fishing April into shrimp, early June terminates to catch substantially；
(5) close shrimp is launched：After rice harvesting is complete, close shrimp 10kg~15kg is launched per acre 9 annual~October；
(6) it is managed after receiving：Rice harvesting is filled to after a week is higher by field bottom at least 30cm, then plants water plant；Next year inserts
Field application net levee-surrounded field block or surrounding build the small ridge when seedling, and field is entered after anti-cray rice transplanting, and rice transplanting and rice shoot improve after turning green
Water level simultaneously removes purse seine；
Rice Cropping part includes the following steps：
(1) rice cropping, including：
Rice field arranges：Rice field is arranged using ridge method is enclosed, i.e., places one week high 30cm in the field face close to shrimp ditch, wide 20cm's
The low bank of earth between fields separates circular groove and field face；No-tillage cast-transplanted method can also be used；
Basal dressing：Can be before rice transplanting 10~15 days, per acre 200~300kg of applications of farmyard manure, composite fertilizer 40KG,
It is even be sprinkling upon field face and turn over rake it is even；
Seedling transplantation：Rice shoot starts to transplant in mid-June, and shallow water is taken to plant, and item plants the side being combined with side row dense planting
Method is supported shrimp rice field and is preferably postponed 10 days or so；Transplanting den- sity 30cm × 15cm；
(2) rice field manages, including：
Water level control：March, water level in paddy field are controlled in 30cm or so；After mid-April, water level in paddy field should be gradually increased
To 50~60cm；After rice transplanting in June, accomplish that Bao Shui turns green, shallow water tiller, reaches seedling dry field early period；Moisture management after dry field rehydration, it is pregnant
Ear period keeps certain water layer；Alternation of wetting and drying management is used after heading, is met high temperature and is filled deep water temperature adjustment；Harvest the last week cuts off the water supply；More
10~November before teletostage, water level in paddy field control make the rice root and stem of certain plants expose the surface 10cm or so in 30cm or so；Overwintering period water level
Control is in 40~50cm；
Fertilising：Chemical fertilizer total amount applies pure N 12kg~14kg, P per acre2O55kg~7kg, K2O 8kg~10kg；Forbid to use
Chemical fertilizer harmful to cray；
Top dressing：In rice striking root tillering stage, application chases after tillering fertilizer of turning green；Booting fertilizer is applied in boot stage；
(3) dry field：When dry field, make among field not fall into foot, Tian Bianbiao soil crack and does not whiten；It, should be timely after field is shone well
Restore raw water position；
(4) rice pest is prevented；
(5) it drains, gather in：The water level in rice field should quickly be dropped to 5~10cm of field face, then slowly when paddy field drainage
Draining；Annular ditch and field ditch is finally set to keep the water level of 10cm~15cm, you can harvesting rice.
Preferably, when rice field is transformed, rice field area reaches 50 mu or more, need between Tanaka excavate linear type or
" ten " font field ditch, furrow width 1m~2m, ditch depth 0.8m, slope is than 1：1.5.
Preferably, before juvenile prawn to be thrown to cultivation area, make environment temperature and the cultivation area of juvenile prawn by steeping bag temperature adjustment
Both water temperatures temperature difference be no more than 2 DEG C.
Preferably, when cultivating area's progress rich water, fermented decomposed farm manure is applied cultivating area, dosage is per acre
100kg~150kg or cray special fertilizer 4~6KG per acre, with for the agreeable to the taste natural bait biology of juvenile shrimp cultivation.
Preferably, the man-made feeds are formulated by grouts, wheat bran, rice bran, bean dregs, and crude protein content 28%~
30%.
Preferably, before close shrimp is launched, annular ditch and field ditch should transplant the floating vegetation of 40%~60% area.
Preferably, when launching close shrimp, close shrimp is launched as female, male than 2~3: l, and shrimp basket is immersed in the water 2 times by when dispensing
~3 times, each lmin~2min.
Preferably, when caught at shrimp, cage is laid in rice field and shrimp ditch, cage was converted every 3~10 days
Placement is discharged the ponding in rice field, cage is concentrated in shrimp ditch and is caught when quantity of the catch ratio, which opens the when of catching, to be significantly reduced
Fishing；It follows to catch when fishing and stays small principle greatly, and avoid injuring juvenile prawn because of extruding.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：Can be by general rice shrimp continuous cropping mode, the morbidity frequency of cray was by 7~10 days
Be reduced to 45 days or so, disease control expense reduced into 150 yuan/mu or so, survival rate can by 30~40% improve to 80% with
On.Meanwhile, it is capable to can reduce the input cost of next year cray seedling by continuous cropping, accelerate list marketing.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, below in conjunction with specific embodiment and reality
Example is applied, the present invention is described in further detail.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only used to explain this
Invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
The rice shrimp continuous cropping method of the present invention is divided into two parts, the i.e. cultivation of cray and Rice Cropping.
Wherein, the cultivation of cray includes the following steps：
1, rice field is transformed
(1) ditching
At 7m~8m, annular ditch is excavated into rice field along rice field ridge outer rim, levee toe is excavated away from ditch 2m, furrow width 3m~
4m, ditch depth 1m~1.5m.Wherein, rice field area reaches 50 mu or more, preferably also to be excavated between Tanaka linear type or
" ten " font field ditch, furrow width 1m~2m, ditch depth 0.8m, slope is than 1：1.5.
(2) ridge building
The soil dug out using excavation annular ditch is reinforced, increases, widens ridge.Ridge often adds one layer of soil will when reinforcing
It is tamped.Ridge should be higher than that field face 0.6m~0.8m, top width 2m~3m.
(3) rice field substrate is improved：In clear pond latter week, ditch-water is drained, is exposed to the sun bottom of trench to bottom of trench and is cracked；It is turned over plough
Bottom of trench mud, then be exposed to the sun to surface layer and whiten；It applies fertilizer, per acre 150~200kg of organic fertilizer, 5~8kg of cray special fertilizer；It carries out
Rotary tillage makes fertilizer be mixed with bed mud, smooth bottom of trench.It is exposed to the sun, applied fertilizer by bottom of trench, turning over improvement soil texture, bottom is promoted to dwell life
Object flourish improves the productivity of pond ecosystem.Its benefit is：1. loosening the soil, being aerated, aoxidizing, improve substrate, creates good
Good ecological environment；2. fertilising increases bottom of trench organic matter, training is contributed to grow a large amount of beneficial to planktonic organism；3. fertility uniformly discharges,
Advantageous water plant growth；4. advantageous benthic flourish.
(3) escaping-preventing facilities are set
Anti-escape network should be set on paddy field drainage mouth and ridge.The anti-escape network of discharge outlet should be enclosing for 8 holes/cm (being equivalent to 20 mesh)
Net, the anti-escape network on ridge can use cement tile, anti-escape plastics film production, the high 40cm of anti-escape network.
(4) it is arranged into pumping equipment
Drainage mouth is located at rice field both ends, and irrigation channel is built on the ridge of rice field one end, 20 purposes of water inlet
Elongated mesh bag filtered water inlet, prevents harmful organisms from entering with flow.Discharge outlet build the lower of rice field other end annular ditch in.
2, juvenile shrimp cultivation
(1) juvenile shrimp cultivation
A) juvenile prawn of area's cultivation is cultivated per acre for 20 mu with the purse seine Wei Zaoyige juvenile shrimp cultivations area of 20 mesh in rice field
Paddy field aquaculture.
B) it is 0.3m~0.5m to make the rice field depth of water.
C) cultivate area in transplanting water plant, water plant include submerged plant (water caltrop, bog pondweed, hydrilla verticillata, Yi Lecao etc.) and
Fluitante (water hyacinth, water peanut etc.) two parts, submerged plant area, which should be, cultivates the 50%~60% of pool area, and floating is planted
Object plane product, which should be, cultivates the 40%~50% of pool area and is fixed with bamboo frame.Have rice stubble can only transplant fluitante, for juvenile prawn
It inhabites, shell, hide and ingest.Wherein, water plant forms multiple water plant blocks of parallel interval in field, shape between adjacent water plant block
At water channel, field surrounding reserves 3~4 meters and does not plant water plant, the wide 3~4m of water plant block, the wide 6~8m of water channel；Total water plant coverage rate is
30~40%, and can suitably increase oxygen increasing equipment；
Wherein, the preferable planting patterns of water plant is：Water peanut is suitably planted around water plant block, her is planted in water plant block center
The submerged plants such as happy grass, hydrilla verticillata.Wherein, Yi Lecao is in dotted plantation, hydrilla verticillata jettisonable gemma seedling, bog pondweed load
Plantation is inserted, water peanut is preferred with offshore transplanting, under conditions of increasing oxygen increasing equipment, suitably can more plant water plant.Water plant
It should give cutting or sparse when excessive.
D) rich water.Juvenile prawn launch before 7d (day) left and right, should cultivate area apply fermented decomposed farm manure (cow dung, chicken manure,
Pig manure), dosage is 100kg~150kg or cray special fertilizer 4~6KG per acre per acre；For the agreeable to the taste natural bait of juvenile shrimp cultivation
Material biology.
(2) juvenile prawn is selected：1.0cm or so specifications, active healthy and strong, disease-free juvenile prawn are selected, in case launching.
(3) juvenile prawn is launched
Juvenile prawn after will be selected is transported to field, after bubble bag temperature adjustment makes the temperature difference be no more than 2 DEG C, with 0.5 ten thousand tail per acre
The density of~1.0 ten thousand tails is thrown to and cultivates area, and when dispensing avoids direct sunlight, is with fine day morning, dusk or cloudy day
It is good.
Juvenile prawn needs by long-distance transport, should be by juvenile prawn using the oxygenation of double-layer nylon bag, Transportation.It is remote according to distance
Closely, per packed juvenile prawn 0.5 ten thousand tail~1.0 ten thousand tails；It should avoid operating from water in packaging, transport, dispensing juvenile prawn.
(4) feeding management in juvenile shrimp cultivation stage
A) it feeds：Juvenile prawn launch feed within first day minced fillet, the spiral shell freshwater mussel meat of rubbing, slaughterhouse the animalities such as leftover bits and pieces raise
Expect (hereinafter referred to as " animal fodder ").Feed addictive can be added when feeding, dosage is added per 100KG feeds with 1KG feeds
Agent.Feed preferably meets the regulation of GB 13078 and NY 5072 and NY 5072.It feeds 3 times~4 times daily, except morning, afternoon
One is respectively fed at dusk secondly, conditional preferably increase at midnight is thrown once.Day feeding volume is generally with the 5%~8% of juvenile prawn gross weight
It is advisable.
Specific feeding volume should flexibly grasp according to the situation of ingesting of weather, water quality and shrimp, such as day feeding volume is distributed
It is as follows：Morning 20%, afternoon 20%, dusk 60%；Or morning 20%, afternoon 20%, the dusk 30%, midnight 30%.
B) pond is patrolled：Sooner or later pond, the variations such as observation water quality are patrolled.During juvenile shrimp cultivation water transparency should be 30cm~
40cm.Water transparency fills the method regulation and control of new water or fertilising.
C) juvenile prawn removes purse seine after growing to specification 2.0cm (generally through 15d~20d or so), and juvenile prawn is allowed voluntarily to climb into
Rice field then continues at into the shrimp aquaculture stage.
3, at shrimp aquaculture
A) it feeds：
A water plant was monthly preferably thrown before December, dosage is 150kg/ mus；Apply primary decomposed farm manure, dosage 100kg/
Mu~150kg/ mus.Weekly preferably an animal fodder or the cooperation of cray Special artificial are fed in the platform shoal of balk
Feed (crude protein content 30%~32%), feeding volume is generally with the 2%~5% of shrimp total weight.It, can when water temperature is less than 12 DEG C
It does not feed.
March in next year throws secondary water plant every month when water temperature rises to 16 DEG C or more, and dosage is 100kg/ mus~
150kg/ mus.An animal fodder is fed weekly, and dosage is 0.5kg/ mus~1.0kg/ mus.It is daily also to feed 1 time at dusk
Man-made feeds, feeding volume is that rice field deposits the 1%~4% of shrimp weight, to accelerate the growth of cray.Man-made feeds are by grouts, bran
Skin, rice bran, bean dregs are formulated, crude protein content 28%~30%, and 5 hours water-soluble or more, the feed fed preferably accords with
Close the requirement of GB 13078 and NY5072.
Wherein, a variety of feed wheels feed cray, can improve its digestive enzyme activity, can improve cray survival rate, promote it
The speed of growth.
B) often inspection, and regulate and control the depth of water：
November to December keeps Soil surface water depth 30cm~50cm, with the decline of temperature, gradual intensification water level to 40cm~
60cm。
Water temperature is controlled with the method for adjusting the depth of water when March of second year, water temperature was gone up, water temperature is promoted to be more suitable for small dragon
The growth of shrimp.The method of regulation and control is：When fine day has the sun, water can be more shallow, and the sun is allowed to shine water so that water temperature is gone up as early as possible；Rainy days
Or cold snap, water should be deep, in order to avoid water temperature drop.
4, it is caught at shrimp
(1) it is caught at shrimp
Fishing time：Start fishing April into shrimp, early June terminates to catch substantially.
Fishing tool：Fishing tool is mainly cage.Cage mesh specification should be 2.5~3.0cm, and guarantee is caught at shrimp
Fishing, juvenile prawn can be run away by mesh.
Catching method：Cage is laid in rice field and shrimp ditch, cage placement was converted every 3~10 days, works as capture
When amount is significantly reduced than opening when catching, the ponding in rice field can be discharged, cage is concentrated in shrimp ditch and is caught.It follows and catches when fishing
Small principle is stayed greatly, and avoids injuring juvenile prawn because of extruding.Cage net release position preferably often converts, and the shrimp into cage cannot
It returns in the pool.
It can be to avoid causing disease caused by cray " stress reaction " and slow-growing, yield drop by cage fishing
It is low.
5, close shrimp is launched
After rice harvesting is complete, close shrimp 10kg~15kg is launched per acre 9 annual~October.Close shrimp is through breeding, juvenile prawn
The commercial sized prawn cultivate, formed at shrimp aquaculture three phases.
(2) selecting parent shrimps
Wherein, the selection criteria of close shrimp is as follows：
A) color is dark red or peony, glossy, body surface smooth are without attachment；
B) individual is big, and female male individual weight should be in 35g or more, and male is preferably greater than female individuals；
C) female, male close shrimp answers appendage complete, not damaged, disease-free, physically fit, mobility is strong.
(2) close shrimp is launched
A) close shrimp source：Close shrimp selects from seed multiplication farm above the provincial level and natural water area, and female male parent cannot come from same a group
Body, it then follows Selection principle nearby.
B) close shrimp transport：The plastics shrimp basket of the close shrimp different colours of select is dispensed by male and female, and every basket puts one layer above
Water plant keeps moist, the sun is avoided directly to shine, and haulage time should be no more than 10h (hour), and the shorter haulage time the better.
C) before close shrimp is launched, annular ditch and field ditch should transplant the floating vegetation of 40%~60% area.
D) close shrimp is launched：Close shrimp is launched as female, male than 1.2~1.5: l, and shrimp basket is immersed in the water 2 times~3 when dispensing
Secondary, then each lmin~2min is launched in annular ditch and field ditch.
Wherein, female, male shrimp sex character is shown in Table l：
1 male and female shrimp feature comparison table of table
(6) it is managed after receiving：Rice harvesting is filled to after a week is higher by field bottom at least 30cm, then plants water plant；Next year inserts
Field application net levee-surrounded field block or surrounding build the small ridge when seedling, and field is entered after anti-cray rice transplanting, and rice transplanting and rice shoot improve after turning green
Water level simultaneously removes purse seine.
Wherein, in the breeding process it is also noted that preventing enemy and disease prevention and cure.
Prevent enemy：Rice field raise cray, enemy is more, as the frog, water snake, swamp eel, predacious fish, water rat and
Aquatic bird etc..Harmful organisms are removed with quick lime before putting in a suitable place to breed, dosage is 75kg per acre；It is filtered with 20 mesh gauzes when water inlet；Pay attention to clear
Except harmful organisms in field；Can some colour bars or scarecrow be set on field side, threaten, drive aquatic bird.
Common disease and prevention：Cray common disease and symptom and control method are shown in Table 2, and therapeutic process should be by NY5071
It is required that operation.Rice disease, which is prevented, to be executed with Pesticide use by the regulation of CS/T 1009.
2 common disease of table and prevention
Wherein, Rice Cropping part includes the following steps：
1, rice cropping
(1) rice varieties select
Support shrimp rice field only plant one season rice, rice varieties will select blade spreading angle small, disease and insect resistance, resistant to lodging and resistance to fertilizer
Property strong tight fringe type kind.
(2) rice field arranges
Rice field is arranged using ridge method is enclosed, i.e., places one week high 30cm, the low bank of earth between fields of wide 20cm, by ring in the field face close to shrimp ditch
Ditch and field face separate.It is required that the whole field time is as short as possible, preventing in ditch cray, cause need not because long-time density is excessive
The loss wanted.No-tillage cast-transplanted method can also be used.
(3) base manure is used sufficient
Support the rice field of shrimp, can be before rice transplanting 10~15 days, mu 200~300kg of applications of farmyard manure, composite fertilizer 40KG,
Uniformly be sprinkling upon field face and with machine turn over rake it is even.
(4) seedling transplantation
Rice shoot starts to transplant in mid-June, and shallow water is taken to plant, and item plants the method being combined with side row dense planting, supports shrimp rice
It preferably postpones 10 days or so in field.It either uses rice transplanting method or routine to transplant seedlings, wide row thin planting and side slope advantage will be given full play to
Technology, Transplanting den- sity are advisable with 30cm × 15cm, to ensure that the ventilated performance of cray living environment is good.
2, rice field manages
(1) water level control
March, water level in paddy field are controlled in 30cm or so；After mid-April, water level in paddy field should be increase gradually to 50~
60cm；After rice transplanting in June, accomplish that Bao Shui turns green, shallow water tiller, reaches seedling dry field early period；Moisture management after dry field rehydration, boot stage protect
Hold certain water layer；Alternation of wetting and drying management is used after heading, is met high temperature and is filled deep water temperature adjustment；Harvest the last week cuts off the water supply.Before Wintering Period
10~November, water level in paddy field control makes the rice root and stem of certain plants expose the surface 10cm or so in 30cm or so；Overwintering period water level control exists
40~50cm.
(2) it applies fertilizer
Adhere to the fertilization principle of " being mended after being controlled in preceding rush ", chemical fertilizer total amount is per 667m2Apply pure N 12kg~14kg, P2O5 5kg
~7kg, K2O 8kg~10kg.Forbid use to the harmful chemical fertilizer of cray, such as ammonium hydroxide and ammonium hydrogen carbonate.
Top dressing scheme one：It turns green tillering fertilizer：15~200KG/ of composite fertilizer mus；Booting fertilizer：Composite fertilizer 20KG/ mus.
Top dressing scheme two：It turns green tillering fertilizer：8~10KG/ of composite fertilizer mus；Booting fertilizer：Composite fertilizer 20KG/ mus.
(3) dry field
Dry field general requirement be it is light shine or it is short-term shine, i.e., dry field when, make not fall into foot among field, Tian Bianbiao soil not crack and
Whiten.After field is shone well, raw water position should be restored in time, not shine as far as possible too long, in order to avoid cause circular groove cray density because of length
Time is excessive and has an adverse effect.
(4) rice pest is prevented
A, pest control
Physical control：By every 3.3hm2The standard of one trapping lamp of installation traps and kills adult.
Biological control：Using and protect pest natural enemy, trap and kill adult using gyplure, use bacillus thuringensis and biological agriculture
Medicine Bt pulvis prevents snout moth's larva.
Chemical prevention：The pests such as the good rice thrips of keypoint control, snout moth's larva, planthopper, rice leaf roller.Control method is shown in Table 3
B, disease control
Diseases, the control methods such as the good banded sclerotial blight of keypoint control, rice blast, false smut are shown in Table 3.
3 common disease and pest prevention guideline or preventional guideline of table
(5) it drains, gather in
Draining, the harvesting (September part or so) in rice field.It should be noted that the water level in rice field quickly should be dropped to when draining
5~10cm of field face, then slowly draining, promotes cray to dig a hole in annular ditch and field ditch.Last annular ditch and field ditch
Keep the water level of 10cm~15cm, you can harvesting rice.Straw, which is smashed, after harvesting returns field, cannot accumulate.
(6) rice harvesting water filling after a week is higher by field bottom at least 30cm；Then plantation water plant enters suitable when winter mercury dropped
When raising water level.It was found that start suitably to feed feed after juvenile prawn, increase feeding volume as water temperature improves；Field when next year rice transplanting
The small ridge is built using net levee-surrounded field block or surrounding, field is entered after anti-cray rice transplanting, (rice shoot has been turned green) improves water after rice transplanting 10 days
Purse seine is removed in position.
In the present invention, the group of above-mentioned feed addictive becomes bacillus 5%, saccharomycete 3%, lactic acid bacteria 2% and
90% feed.Above-mentioned composite fertilizer is the sulfenyl or chlorine-based compound fertilizer of N+P2O5+K2O=15+15+15 >=45%.Above-mentioned
In microbial organic fertilizer, in mass, wherein nutrient >=20%, organic matter >=20%, protein >=15%, efficient bacterium 2000
Ten thousand/gram or more.Above-mentioned cray special fertilizer can be selected by Jin Hesheng developments in science and technology Co., Ltd produce " golden standing grain sage shrimp move
Power " cray special fertilizer.
What has been described above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for those skilled in the art,
It, can also be to making several modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit of the invention, these modification and improvement should all be received
Enter protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of rice shrimp makees altogether, continuous cropping cultural method, which is characterized in that the cultivation two of plantation and cray including rice
Point, wherein：
The cultivation part of cray includes step：
(1) rice field is transformed:Ditching, ridge building, setting escaping-preventing facilities and into pumping equipment；Wherein, in ditching, outside the ridge of rice field
Edge at 7m~8m, excavates annular ditch into rice field, and levee toe is excavated away from ditch 2m, furrow width 3m~4m, ditch depth 1m~1.5m；In ridge building
When, the soil dug out using excavation annular ditch is reinforced, increases, widens ridge；Ridge often adds one layer of soil that will carry out when reinforcing
Compacting；Ridge should be higher than that field face 0.6m~0.8m, top width 2m~3m；
(2) juvenile shrimp cultivation：It is enclosed with purse seine and produces juvenile shrimp cultivation area, and cultivating transplanting submerged plant and fluitante and use in area
Bamboo frame is fixed, and the rice field depth of water is made to be 0.3m~0.5m, and carries out rich water before juvenile prawn is launched；Juvenile prawn transport after will be selected
It to field, is thrown to the density of the tail of 30,000 tails per acre~600,000 and cultivates area, when dispensing avoids direct sunlight；It is thrown from juvenile prawn
Putting daystart, at least day feeds animal fodder daily, and so that water transparency is kept 30cm~40cm by changing water；
Juvenile prawn growth 15~20 days or so is rear to remove purse seine, allows juvenile prawn voluntarily to climb into rice field, then continues at into the shrimp aquaculture stage；In children
Shrimp is launched first 7 days or so and is cultivating area's progress rich water；
(3) at shrimp aquaculture
Before December, a water plant is monthly thrown, dosage is 150kg/ mus and applies primary decomposed farm manure, and dosage is 100kg/ mus
~150kg/ mus；An animal fodder is fed in the platform shoal of balk weekly, feeding volume is generally with shrimp total weight
2%~5%, when water temperature is less than 12 DEG C, can not feed；
March in next year throws secondary water plant every month when water temperature rises to 16 DEG C or more, and each dosage is 100kg/ mus~
150kg/ mus；An animal fodder is fed weekly, and dosage is 0.5kg/ mus~1.0kg/ mus；It is daily also to feed a people at dusk
Work feed, feeding volume is that rice field deposits the 1%~4% of shrimp weight, to accelerate the growth of cray；
Often inspection, and regulate and control the depth of water：November to December keeps Soil surface water depth 30cm~50cm, with the decline of temperature, gradually
Deepen water level to 40cm~60cm；Water temperature is controlled with the method for adjusting the depth of water when March of second year, water temperature was gone up, promotes water
Temperature is more suitable for the growth of cray；
(4) it is caught at shrimp：Start fishing April into shrimp, early June terminates to catch substantially；
(5) close shrimp is launched：After rice harvesting is complete, close shrimp 10kg~15kg is launched per acre 9 annual~October；
(6) it is managed after receiving：Rice harvesting is filled to after a week is higher by field bottom at least 30cm, then plants water plant；When next year rice transplanting
Field application net levee-surrounded field block or surrounding build the small ridge, and field is entered after anti-cray rice transplanting, and rice transplanting and rice shoot improve water level after turning green
And remove purse seine；
Rice Cropping part includes the following steps：
(1) rice cropping, including：
Rice field arranges：Rice field is arranged using ridge method is enclosed, i.e., places one week high 30cm, the soil of wide 20cm in the field face close to shrimp ditch
The ridge separates circular groove and field face；No-tillage cast-transplanted method can also be used；
Basal dressing：Can be before rice transplanting 10~15 days, 200~300kg of applications of farmyard manure, composite fertilizer 40KG be uniformly spread per acre
Field face and turn over rake it is even；
Seedling transplantation：Rice shoot starts to transplant in mid-June, and shallow water is taken to plant, and item plants the method being combined with side row dense planting, supports
It preferably postpones 10 days or so in shrimp rice field；Transplanting den- sity 30cm × 15cm；
(2) rice field manages, including：
Water level control：March, water level in paddy field are controlled in 30cm or so；After mid-April, water level in paddy field should be increase gradually to 50
~60cm；After rice transplanting in June, accomplish that Bao Shui turns green, shallow water tiller, reaches seedling dry field early period；Moisture management after dry field rehydration, boot stage
Keep certain water layer；Alternation of wetting and drying management is used after heading, is met high temperature and is filled deep water temperature adjustment；Harvest the last week cuts off the water supply；Wintering Period
10 preceding~November, water level in paddy field control make the rice root and stem of certain plants expose the surface 10cm or so in 30cm or so；Overwintering period water level control
In 40~50cm；
Fertilising：Chemical fertilizer total amount applies pure N 12kg~14kg, P per acre2O55kg~7kg, K2O 8kg~10kg；Forbid use to small
The harmful chemical fertilizer of lobster；
Top dressing：In rice striking root tillering stage, application chases after tillering fertilizer of turning green；Booting fertilizer is applied in boot stage；
(3) dry field：When dry field, make among field not fall into foot, Tian Bianbiao soil crack and does not whiten；After field is shone well, it should restore in time
Raw water position；
(4) rice pest is prevented；
(5) it drains, gather in：The water level in rice field should quickly be dropped to 5~10cm of field face when paddy field drainage, then slowly arranged
Water；Annular ditch and field ditch is finally set to keep the water level of 10cm~15cm, you can harvesting rice.
2. rice shrimp as described in claim 1 makees altogether, continuous cropping cultural method, which is characterized in that when rice field is transformed, rice field area
Reach 50 mu or more, need to excavate linear type or " ten " font field ditch between Tanaka, furrow width 1m~2m, ditch depth 0.8m,
Slope is than 1：1.5.
3. rice shrimp as claimed in claim 2 makees altogether, continuous cropping cultural method, which is characterized in that cultivate area juvenile prawn to be thrown to
Before, the environment temperature of juvenile prawn is made to be no more than 2 DEG C with both the water temperature for cultivating area temperature difference by steeping bag temperature adjustment.
4. rice shrimp as described in claim 1 makees altogether, continuous cropping cultural method, which is characterized in that when cultivating area's progress rich water,
It cultivates area and applies fermented decomposed farm manure, dosage is 100kg~150kg or cray special fertilizer 4~6KG per acre per acre, with
For the agreeable to the taste natural bait biology of juvenile shrimp cultivation.
5. rice shrimp as described in claim 1 makees altogether, continuous cropping cultural method, which is characterized in that the man-made feeds are by grouts, bran
Skin, rice bran, bean dregs are formulated, crude protein content 28%~30%.
6. rice shrimp as described in claim 1 makees altogether, continuous cropping cultural method, which is characterized in that close shrimp launch before, annular ditch and
Field ditch should transplant the floating vegetation of 40%~60% area.
7. rice shrimp as described in claim 1 makees altogether, continuous cropping cultural method, which is characterized in that when launching close shrimp, close shrimp is pressed
It is female, male to be launched than 2~3: l, shrimp basket is immersed in the water 2 times~3 times when dispensing, each lmin~2min.
8. rice shrimp as described in claim 1 makees altogether, continuous cropping cultural method, which is characterized in that when caught at shrimp, by ground
Cage is laid in rice field and shrimp ditch, was converted cage placement every 3~10 days, is opened the when of catching when quantity of the catch ratio and significantly reduce
When, the ponding in rice field is discharged, cage is concentrated in shrimp ditch and is caught；Follow to catch when fishing and stay small principle greatly, and avoid because
Extruding injures juvenile prawn.
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