CN115362966A

CN115362966A - Procambarus clarkii rice field planting, breeding and cultivating integrated mode

Info

Publication number: CN115362966A
Application number: CN202211188786.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 丁理法; 沈海钰; 陈飞; 章人江; 张岳友
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2022-09-27
Filing date: 2022-09-27
Publication date: 2022-11-22
Also published as: CN117502146A

Abstract

The invention provides a rice field breeding and breeding integrated mode for procambarus clarkii, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural ecology and environmental protection. According to the method, the time and space are reasonably arranged according to the growth characteristics of the Procambrus clarkii and the rice, the rice and the shrimps are co-cultured, the seedlings are intensively bred, and the rice and the shrimps are crop rotation for crop rotation within one year, so that the Yongyou 17 rice variety with drought resistance, disease resistance, insect resistance, lodging resistance and good taste is selected, the stable and efficient production of the Procambrus clarkii and the rice is ensured, and the Qianliangyuan field is realized. By using the method, the yield per mu of dry paddy is 577.81kg, 102.5kg of seedlings are caught and sold per mu, 43.22kg of commodity shrimps are sold per mu, the comprehensive yield per mu value is 10453.89 yuan, net profit per mu is 5021.31 yuan, and the economic benefit and the ecological benefit are very obvious.

Description

Procambarus clarkii rice field planting, breeding and cultivating integrated mode

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural ecology and environmental protection, and particularly relates to an integrated mode for rice field breeding and breeding of procambarus clarkii.

Background

Procambarus clarkii (Procambarus clarkii) belongs to the phylum Arthropoda (artropoda), crustacea (crutacea), decapod (orgerdecapodada), reptilia (reptania), crayfish (cambardae), procambarus (Procambarus) originally produced in south america, and after being introduced into china from japan, the population thereof is rapidly propagated and grown in numerous provinces and cities in china, and becomes a dominant population in many regions. The shrimp meat has delicate quality, delicious taste and rich nutrition, and is well popular with the masses. Meanwhile, the procambarus clarkii is also one of important export water products in China, and plays a significant role in the inland fishery economic industry in China.

At present, in order to improve the yield, natural pond or artificial pond is generally used for high-density individual breeding. However, the intensive culture method not only occupies land resources, but also has high culture cost, and under the condition of high density, on one hand, the intensive culture method is easy to cause disease transmission, is difficult to prevent and control and has high death rate; on the other hand, the quality of the water environment and the product quality can not be guaranteed, the quality and the taste of the cultivated water are different from those of the wild water, and the selling price is not nearly satisfactory.

The existing rice field breeding and breeding integrated mode of the procambarus clarkii also has the problem of low economic benefit and ecological benefit.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides an integrated mode for breeding procambarus clarkii in a rice field. According to the method, the time and space are reasonably arranged according to the growth characteristics of the Procambrus clarkii and the rice, the rice and the shrimps are co-cultured, the seedlings are intensively bred, and the rice and the shrimps are crop rotation for crop rotation within one year, so that the Yongyou 17 rice variety with drought resistance, disease resistance, insect resistance, lodging resistance and good taste is selected, the stable and efficient production of the Procambrus clarkii and the rice is ensured, and the Qianliangyuan field is realized. By using the method, 577.81kg of dry paddy is produced per mu, 102.5kg of seedlings are harvested and sold per mu, 43.22kg of commodity shrimps are produced per mu, the comprehensive yield value is 10453.89 yuan, the net profit per mu is 5021.31 yuan, and the economic benefit and the ecological benefit are very obvious.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a rice field breeding and breeding integrated mode for procambarus clarkii, which comprises the following procedures:

the method comprises the following steps: site selection and construction

Selecting a rice field with the pH value of 7.0-7.5 as a test field and setting a field block; digging a 'Hui' shaped ditch around the field block, wherein the area of the 'Hui' shaped ditch is not more than 10% of the total area of the rice field; the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are arranged in the field in the north-south direction, wherein the water outlet pipe is L-shaped;

step two: rice cultivation and field management

1) Rice field arrangement and fertilization

Enclosing ridges and weeding, applying base fertilizer to field blocks, and forming drainage ditches on the field surface;

2) Selection and sowing of rice varieties

Selecting Yongyou 17 rice variety;

the Yongyou 17 rice variety is single-season late rice, has multiple advantages of drought resistance, disease resistance, insect resistance, lodging resistance, good taste and the like, and is beneficial to symbiosis of rice and shrimps.

3) Rice field management

The method comprises the steps of top dressing management and water level control;

4) Pest control

The method specifically comprises the following steps: after the rice seeds are sowed and seedlings grow into three leaves and one core, 100g of wettable powder of bacillus thuringiensis (32000 IU/mg) and 100ml of methyl abamectin benzoate (containing 5 percent of abamectin) are added with water and sprayed to each mu of rice to prevent and control rice leaf rollers and borers. Spraying the same preparation once again when tillering stage. After rice is transplanted, measures such as an insecticidal lamp and a sex attractant are adopted in the whole process to prevent diseases and pests.

5) Harvesting

Harvesting rice in the last ten days of 11 months, wherein the water level of the ditch shaped like Chinese character 'hui' is 28-32 cm lower than the field surface during harvesting, the height of rice stubble is 28-32 cm, and watering is timely carried out until the water level submerges the rice stubble after harvesting;

step three: procambarus clarkii breeding and management

1) Removing harmful substances

The method comprises the following specific steps: removing wild trash fish with 20PPM tea seed cake before ridging and cultivating in the first ten days of 6 months, soaking the tea seed cake in water for 12h before use, and sowing the leachate together with residues during pond cleaning. Normally, after 1 hour, the dead fish floats upwards, and the dead fish is fished out in time.

2) Planting grass

Planting stonewort and hyacinth in the ditch shaped like a Chinese character hui, and planting elodea on the surface of the field;

3) Stocking parent shrimps

Stocking parent shrimps in the middle 7 th-month ten days, wherein the specifications of the parent shrimps are within 34 tails/kg, the female-male ratio is 1.0-2.0, the stocking amount is 14-18 kg/mu, and the parent shrimps are stocked in the Hui-shaped ditch;

4) Feeding fodder

After stocking parent shrimps, feeding the parent shrimps for 1 time respectively in the morning and afternoon, controlling the feeding amount to be 2-3% of the total weight of the shrimps, and adjusting the feeding amount in different feeding periods on the premise that the feeding of the parent shrimps for 2 hours is finished; for young shrimps with the specification within 200 tails/kg, the content of crude protein in the fed feed is more than 36 percent, and the content of lysine is more than 1.6 percent, for adult shrimps with the specification more than 200 tails/kg, the content of crude protein in the fed feed is more than 32 percent, and the content of lysine is more than 1.4 percent;

5) Water level management

6) Prevention and control of disease and enemy

The method specifically comprises the following steps: 5 days before stocking parent shrimps, using 20pmm tea meal to clean the pond to kill wild trash fish, using a 60-mesh silk net bag to filter when water enters, and preventing rats, water snakes and frogs from entering the field by surrounding nets. And (3) spraying 0.2pmm of compound iodine solution in a full pool every 5 days during the capturing period of the seedlings to prevent secondary bacterial or fungal infection diseases caused by abrasion. After the water temperature rises again in the beginning of spring, 1000ml EM compound bacteria are used for culturing water quality every mu every 7 days, 800ml bacillus subtilis is used for regulating and controlling the water quality every 15 days and every mu after 5 months, meanwhile, the decomposing bottom is used for improving the bottom, so that the procambarus clarkia seeds, the juvenile shrimps and the cultured growth and development meet the corresponding water quality requirements, and the occurrence of diseases is reduced.

7) Catching procambarus clarkii

Comprises the steps of catching parent shrimps, catching offspring seeds and catching adult shrimps.

Furthermore, the square-shaped ditches in the step one are exemplified by ridges of 0.8-1.2 m, 2.2-2.8 m in width and 0.7-0.9 m in depth.

Furthermore, the ridging in the second step is to build a ridge with the width of 28-32 cm and the height of 18-22 cm on the field surface close to the square ditch; the width of the drainage ditch is 28-32 cm, the drainage ditch is opened on the field surface at intervals of 3-5 m, and the drainage ditch is also used as an operation channel and is placed for 1-3 days before sowing.

Because the procambarus clarkii is bred in the field in the same year, a small amount of procambarus clarkii is also stored in the circular ditch. In order to reduce the influence on the procambarus clarkii in the pond, the field is cultivated by enclosing ridges, and the circular ditch and the field surface are separated, so that the field surface arrangement and fertilization are facilitated. And (3) fertilizing when combining field weeding for the field with insufficient fertility, generally applying fermented farmyard manure as base fertilizer 5-7 days before sowing, wherein the amount of the base fertilizer depends on the fertility condition of the field. The drainage ditch also serves as an operation channel, so that the field can be conveniently placed and sowed. The rice seeds are placed for 1 to 3 days before sowing, so that the rice seeds are prevented from being trapped in soft mud.

Further, the step two also comprises the steps of sunning seeds and accelerating germination before sowing, and specifically comprises the following steps: sunning the seeds for 1-2 days in the first ten days of 6 months, and then soaking the seeds for germination according to 0.8-1.2 kg of rice seeds per mu; soaking seeds with 100ml of 25 percent of phenamacril suspending agent 100ml +25 percent of prochloraz emulsifiable concentrate for 46 to 50 hours in 2000 times of diluent, and then draining and keeping out of the sun; the seed soaking and germination accelerating temperature is controlled at 24-26 ℃, and the method is carried out when the root of the bud grows to 1.8-2.2 mm.

Further, the specific measures for paddy field management in the second step are as follows: the rice and shrimp do not need to be topdressed in the field for more than 1 year; fertilizing the rice and shrimp in the 1 st year in combination with weeding, and fertilizing 5-7 days before sowing with fermented farmyard manure as base fertilizer, wherein the amount of the base fertilizer is 80-100 kg per mu; for the field with insufficient fertility, applying 7.5 kg-10 kg of urea per mu about 20 days after transplanting rice seedlings; the method is characterized in that the water level of 10cm high seedlings is synchronously increased along with the growth and the height of the seedlings before tillering, the water level is generally 3-5 cm, the thin water turns green and the shallow water tillering is realized, the field is placed for 4-6 days once when the total tillering number reaches more than 70% of the estimated ear number, the shallow water of 8-10 cm is kept on the field surface in the booting stage, the shallow water and the dry dew are alternated after the ear is threshed, the water level is increased to 15-20 cm to adjust the temperature when meeting high temperature, the field is placed when the rice leaves are yellow before harvesting, and the water is irrigated for 1 time 18-22 days before harvesting.

Wherein the water is irrigated for 1 time 18 to 22 days before harvesting, which is favorable for the full grain. When the rainfall is large in the planting and breeding process, excessive water in the rice field is drained in time, and the escape net lodging is prevented by paying attention. And (4) checking whether the ridge has a leak, and if the water inlet and outlet, the drainage ditch and the escape-proof facility are intact, finding that the damage needs to be repaired in time. Strengthen and patrol the pool and carefully make the record.

Further, the concrete grass planting measures in the third step are as follows: planting the verticillium dahliae and the water hyacinth in the ditch shaped like the Chinese character hui in late 6 months, wherein the plant spacing of the verticillium dahliae is 2.8-3.2 m; transplanting 1 cluster of water hyacinth at intervals of 14-16 m, and controlling the coverage surface of the water hyacinth not to exceed 25% of the area of the ditch surface; in the middle late 11 months after harvesting, ploughing and harrowing the field surface, planting the waterweeds, and arranging the row spacing (2.8-3.2) mx (2.8-3.2) m; the shallow water level of 8-10 cm is kept in the early stage of planting the aquatic weeds, and the water level is gradually increased to 15-20 cm along with the growth of the aquatic weeds.

In the invention, the verticillium nigrum and the water hyacinth are planted in the ring ditch in the high-temperature period to absorb excessive nutrient elements such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the water body, thereby playing a role of purifying the water quality, simultaneously providing plant baits and shading for procambarus clarkia, strictly controlling the ratio of the covering surface to the ditch surface of the water hyacinth by measures such as fixed captive breeding and the like, and preventing the water body from being anoxic in high-temperature sultry. After harvesting the late rice, plowing and harrowing the field surface, planting the waterweeds, keeping the water level at 40cm of the beach surface of the field block, and performing maintenance management of waterweeds.

Further, the stocking ratio of the parent shrimps in the third step is 1.5; after the rice seedlings grow to 20cm high, water is gradually added to the rice seedlings until the height of the rice seedlings is more than 10 cm.

The male and female parent shrimps are selected from different breeding bases or natural water areas, and are required to be disease-free, injury-free, dark red in body color, complete in appendages and strong in vitality. In order to conveniently and accurately control the male-female ratio during stocking, the parent shrimps are selected and then are subpackaged by baskets with different colors, covered by water plants and kept moist, and transported for a long time to shade and sprinkle water at intervals of 2 hours. When parent shrimps are bred, the bamboo basket is firstly immersed in water for 2 times, each time for 2 minutes, and then put into the 'Hui' shaped ditch.

Further, the feeding period for adjusting the feeding amount in the third step comprises the steps of after parent shrimps are put in the breeding, after 9 months of young shrimps are hatched and after spring festival, the water temperature rises.

Further, the water level management in the third step is specifically implemented as follows: after the rice is harvested and planted with grass in the first 11 months to the next 2 months, the water level is gradually increased and the water depth of the field surface is kept to be 48-52 cm; after spring festival, lowering the water level to 33 cm-37 cm in sunny days in 3 months; the water level of the procambarus clarkii is increased to 48 cm-52 cm during the culture period of 4-6 months.

Further, the specific catching measures of the procambarus clarkii in the third step are as follows: after 11 months, fattening the parent shrimps, and harvesting the parent shrimps when the amount is small and the price is high; harvesting and catching the seedlings when the specification reaches 180-220 tails/kg from late 2 months to early 4 months; and other seedlings are successively caught in the middle of 5 months and collected in the last 6 months.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:

(1) The test adopts an integrated mode of breeding and breeding Procambrus clarkii in a rice field, reasonably arranges space and time according to the growth characteristics of species, carries out crop rotation connection of rice and shrimp co-breeding, seedling centralized breeding and rice and shrimp crop rotation within one year, selects Yongyou 17 rice varieties with drought resistance, disease resistance, insect resistance, lodging resistance and good taste, ensures stable and efficient production of the rice and shrimp, and realizes the Qiangliangyuan field. The test result shows that the yield per mu is 577.81kg of dry rice, 102.5kg of seedlings are caught and sold per mu, 43.22kg of commercial shrimps are caught and sold per mu, the comprehensive yield per mu is 10453.89 yuan, the net profit per mu is 5021.31 yuan, and the economic benefit and the ecological benefit are obvious.

(2) The parent crayfish quality and field structure of the procambarus clarkii directly influence the breeding result of the offspring seeds. The male and female parent shrimps in the test are selected from different breeding bases or natural water areas, close breeding is avoided, and the germplasm purity of the parent shrimps is ensured. According to the male-female ratio of 1.5, more than 30 g/tail is required by an individual, 16kg of parent shrimps are put in each mu, and the foundation is laid for realizing mass production of seedlings. The procambarus clarkii spawning and seedling breeding has cave habits, circular ditches shaped like Chinese character 'hui' are dug around the near ridge, and two sides of the ditches can be used for spawning parent shrimps to dig a hole for inhabiting, so that a good ecological environment is created for seedling hatching. In the test, besides 27.5kg of the parent shrimps caught per mu, 145.72kg of the procambarus clarkia seedlings and commercial shrimps are caught and sold per mu.

(3) The quality and variety of aquatic weeds are the key to success of breeding of the Procambrus clarkii, and aquatic weeds are selected according to different periods and spatial layouts. In the test, the verticillium nobilis and the water hyacinth are planted in the circular ditch in the high-temperature period to absorb excessive nutrient elements such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the water body, so that the water quality is purified, meanwhile, plant baits and shady shades are provided for procambarus clarkia, the ratio of the covering surface and the ditch surface of the water hyacinth is strictly controlled through measures such as fixed captive breeding, and the like, so that the water body is prevented from being anoxic in high-temperature sultry. After harvesting the late rice, plowing and harrowing the field surface, planting the waterweeds, keeping the water level at 40cm of the beach surface of the field block, and performing maintenance management of waterweeds.

(4) The growth of the procambarus clarkii is directly influenced by the quality of the water ecological environment, and the water quality is cultured and regulated by applying microorganisms such as EM compound bacteria, bacillus subtilis and the like at different growth and development stages in the test, so that the water quality requirements of procambarus clarkii fries, young shrimps and the culture are met. Meanwhile, the prevention and control of epidemic diseases are emphasized, the prevention and control combination is realized, and the compound iodine solution with the volume of 0.2pmm is used for spraying in a full pool every 5 days during the capturing period of the seedlings, so that the infection diseases of secondary bacteria or fungi and the like caused by abrasion are prevented. By arranging the fence net, the bait is used for preventing the enemy organisms from eating the silkworm, and is also the key for obtaining high efficiency in the breeding of the procambarus clarkii.

Detailed Description

The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. It is intended that all modifications or alterations to the methods, procedures or conditions of the present invention be made without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The reagents and instruments used in the following examples are commercially available, and the methods used in the examples are in accordance with the conventionally used methods unless otherwise specified.

The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated in detail by the following examples.

Example 1

The embodiment provides a concrete process of a rice breeding and breeding integrated mode of Procambarus clarkii in 2020-2021 years, which comprises the following steps:

1. site selection and construction

The test site is located in a village adjacent paddy field below a Zeu town in the Wenling mountain city, and the periphery of the test site is wide. The area is close to Jinqing big harbor, the water source is sufficient, the irrigation and drainage are convenient, the water quality is better, and the pH value is 7.0-7.5. No. 1 field piece 19.8 mu, no. 2 field piece 16.2 mu, total 36 mu.

And digging a 'return' shaped ditch with the width of 2.5m and the depth of 0.8m at a position 1.0m away from the ridge around the rice field, and using soil for digging the 'return' shaped ditch to build the ridge around the rice field and heighten the ridge to 0.6m and the width of 1.0m. The area of the square ditch is not more than 10% of the total area of the rice field. And (3) pre-burying a cement prefabricated pipe with the pipe diameter of 2m and the length of 100cm at a circular ditch at the position near the tractor-ploughing path and also serving as an agricultural implement operation path.

Each field is oppositely provided with 2 water inlet and outlet pipes in the north and south directions, a PE pipe (phi 25 cm) is adopted, the water outlet pipes are L-shaped, one end of each water outlet pipe is buried at the bottom of the circular ditch, the other end of each water outlet pipe can be taken down, and the water level is adjusted by utilizing the water pressure in the field. The water inlet and outlet pipe openings are respectively provided with a semi-arc shrimp blocking net made of 20-mesh polyethylene net sheets to prevent the procambarus clarkii from escaping.

Polyethylene net sheets are arranged around the rice field to block and prevent from escaping and harmful insects. The fence is fixed by a timber pile, is 60cm higher than the ground and is buried in the soil by 40cm.

2. Rice cultivation and field management

(1) Rice field arrangement and fertilization

Because the procambarus clarkii is bred in the field in the same year, a small amount of procambarus clarkii is also stored in the circular ditch. In order to reduce the influence on the procambarus clarkii stored in the pond, ridges are formed for weeding, namely, soil ridges with the width of 30cm and the height of 20cm are built on the field surface adjacent to the square ditch, and the square ditch and the field surface are separated, so that the arrangement and fertilization of the field surface are facilitated.

And for the field with insufficient fertility, fertilizing is carried out in combination with weeding, fermented farmyard manure is generally applied 5-7 days before sowing to serve as base fertilizer, and the amount of the base fertilizer is determined according to the fertility condition of the field. Drainage ditches with the width of 30cm are arranged on the surface of the field every 4m and are also used as operation channels, so that the field can be conveniently placed and sowed. Put 2 days before sowing to avoid the rice seeds from being trapped in soft mud.

(2) Variety and seeding of rice

The single-season late rice selects Yongyou 17 rice variety with drought resistance, disease resistance, insect resistance, lodging resistance and good taste, and is beneficial to symbiosis of rice and shrimp. In order to improve the germination vigor and the germination rate of seeds, 1 day of sunny seeds are selected in the last ten days of 6 months, and then 1kg of seeds per mu are soaked for accelerating germination. Soaking seeds with 100ml of 25 percent of phenamacril suspension 100ml of 25 percent of prochloraz emulsifiable concentrate for 48h, and then draining and avoiding light. During germination accelerating, the change of the temperature of the seeds is noticed, the temperature is controlled to be about 25 ℃ for germination accelerating, and when the roots of the sprouts grow to 2mm, the seeds are uniformly sown in a direct seeding mode.

(3) Rice field management

More organic fertilizer sources are available in the field of more than 1 year of cultivation of the rice and the shrimps, no additional fertilizer is needed, the field of 1 year of cultivation of the rice and the shrimps is combined with weeding and fertilizing, fermented farmyard manure is applied 6 days before sowing to serve as base fertilizer, and the amount of the base fertilizer is 90kg per mu; for the field with insufficient fertility, 9kg of urea is applied to each mu about 20 days after the rice transplanting. The water level of the rice field is adjusted in time according to production needs, and after the seedlings grow to 10cm high after direct seeding, the water level is gradually increased along with the height of the seedlings, generally 3 cm-5 cm. In principle, the early stage of tillering is thin water turning green and shallow water tillering. When the total tiller number of the rice reaches more than 70% of the estimated spike number, the rice field is put once, and the time is controlled to be about 5 days. Keeping shallow water of 9cm on the field surface in the booting stage, alternating shallow water and dry dew after heading, raising water level to 18cm for temperature adjustment when meeting high temperature in the heading to grouting stage, and placing the rice field until the rice leaves are yellow before harvesting. Irrigating water for 1 time about 20 days before harvesting to promote grain plumpness.

When the planting and breeding process meets the condition of large rainfall, excessive water in the rice field is drained in time, and the escape net lodging is prevented by paying attention. And (4) checking whether the ridge has a leak, and if the water inlet and outlet, the drainage ditch and the escape-proof facility are intact, finding that the damage needs to be repaired in time. Strengthen and patrol the pool and carefully make the record.

(4) Prevention and control of diseases and pests of rice

After the rice seeds are sowed and seedlings grow into three leaves and one core, 100g of wettable powder of bacillus thuringiensis (32000 IU/mg) and 100ml of methyl abamectin benzoate (containing 5 percent of abamectin) are added with water and sprayed to each mu of rice to prevent and control rice leaf rollers and borers. Spraying the same preparation once again when tillering stage is reached. After rice transplanting, measures such as an insect killing lamp and a sex attractant are adopted in the whole process to prevent diseases and insects. If rice diseases occur, the pesticide with low toxicity, high efficiency and low residue should be selected for treatment.

Harmful organisms such as mice, weasel, snake and bird entering the rice field are removed and eliminated in time.

(5) Rice harvesting

In about 15 days before harvesting in 10-month late ten days, the water temperature begins to drop, the water level in the circular ditch of the rice field is gradually lowered until the water level is 30cm lower than the field surface, and the procambarus clarkii is promoted to dig holes on two sides of the circular ditch. Harvesting the rice in the last 11 th month by using a harvester, wherein the height of the rice stubble is about 30cm during harvesting, and collecting and removing the straws. After the rice is harvested, water is timely irrigated to the water level to submerge rice stubble.

3. Procambarus clarkia breeding and management

(1) Removing harmful substances

In the first ten days of 6 months, 20PPM tea seed cakes are used for removing wild trash fish before ridging and weeding, the tea seed cakes are soaked in water for 12 hours before use, and leachate is sown together with residues when the pond is cleaned. Normally, after 1 hour, the dead fish floats upwards, and the dead fish is fished out in time.

(2) Planting grass

In late 6 months, the verticillium nigrum is planted in the ring ditch, and the interval between every two plants is 3m. Transplanting 1 water hyacinth at intervals of 15m, fixing with wood piles and nylon ropes, and controlling the water hyacinth coverage surface not to exceed 25% of the trench surface. In the middle ten days of 11 months after the rice is harvested, the field surface is ploughed by a tractor, and 6m is reserved for 6m of the harrow. The waterweeds are planted on the plowed and raked field surface, and the plant-row spacing is 3m multiplied by 3m. The water level is shallow at 9cm in the early stage of planting the aquatic weeds, and the water level is gradually increased to 18cm along with the growth of the aquatic weeds.

(3) Stocking parent shrimps

The parent shrimps are put in stock about 15 days after the late rice is sowed, namely in the middle 7 th of the month. The female-male ratio of parent shrimps is 1.5, the specification is within 34 tails/kg, the stocking amount is 16 kg/mu, the parent shrimps are stocked in the 'Hui' shaped ditch, seedlings grow to be 20cm high after direct seeding of rice, and water is gradually added to the height of more than 10 cm. The male and female parent shrimps are selected from different breeding bases or natural water areas, and are required to be disease-free, injury-free, dark red in body color, complete in appendages and strong in vitality. In order to conveniently and accurately control the male-female ratio during stocking, the parent shrimps are selected and then are subpackaged by baskets with different colors, covered by water plants and kept moist, and transported for a long time to shade and sprinkle water at intervals of 2 hours. When parent shrimps are put in the pond, the pannier is firstly immersed in water for 2 times, each time for 2 minutes, and then the pannier is put into the circular ditch.

(4) Feeding fodder

The mixed feeding performance of the procambarus clarkii is meat eating performance, except for eating natural baits such as organic debris, zooplankton, water plants and the like in a rice field, the parent procambarus clarkii is fed with the compound feed for 1 time every day in the morning and afternoon, and the feeding amount is controlled to be 2-3 percent of the total weight of the procambarus clarkii. A feed table can be arranged to observe the feeding condition, and the feeding amount is adjusted according to the feeding and the weather condition. After 9 months, young shrimps are hatched, and then the cultivation of zooplankton is emphasized and the bait feeding amount is increased properly. After the spring festival, the water temperature begins to rise again, the food intake of the procambarus clarkii is increased, the feeding amount needs to be adjusted in time, and the feed is fed for 2 hours. For juvenile shrimps with the specification within 200 tails/kg, the fed feed contains 36 of protein and 1.6 of lysine, and for adult shrimps with the specification above 200 tails/kg, the fed feed contains 32 of protein and more than 1.4 of lysine (unit is%).

(5) Water level management

The water level of the whole life cycle of the procambarus clarkii is timely adjusted according to the requirements of the growth and breeding of the procambarus clarkii on the environment in combination with the rice planting management. After the rice is harvested and planted with grass in 11 months to 2 months next year, the water level is gradually increased and the water depth of the field surface is kept 50cm. The water level is properly reduced to 35cm after the spring festival to 3 months in sunny days so as to facilitate the rapid rise of the water temperature, the water level is stored to 50cm during the growing period of the procambarus clarkii from 4 months to 6 months, and the period is a concentrated season for the growth of the procambarus clarkii and the harvesting of commercial shrimps.

(6) Prevention and control of disease and enemy

Carnivorous fishes, mice, water snakes, frogs and various birds can prey on procambarus clarkii. Cleaning pond with 20pmm tea seed cake 5 days before stocking parent shrimps to kill wild trash fish, filtering with 60-mesh silk net bag to prevent fish eggs from entering when water enters, and enclosing to prevent mice, water snakes and frogs from entering the field. And (3) spraying 0.2pmm of compound iodine solution in a full pool every 5 days during the capturing period of the seedlings to prevent secondary bacterial or fungal infection diseases caused by abrasion. After the water temperature rises again in the beginning of spring, 1000ml of EM composite bacteria are used for culturing water quality every mu every 7 days, 800ml of bacillus subtilis is used for regulating and controlling the water quality every 15 days and every mu after 5 months, meanwhile, the decomposing bottom is used for improving the bottom, so that the procambarus clarkia seeds, the juvenile shrimps and the cultured growth and development meet the corresponding water quality requirements, and the occurrence of diseases is reduced.

(7) Catching procambarus clarkii

Comprises the steps of catching parent shrimps, catching offspring seeds and catching adult shrimps. After the parent shrimps are fattened, the parent shrimps are generally caught when the quantity of the procambarus clarkii is small and the price is high after 11 months. And harvesting the seedlings from the beginning of the rising of the water temperature in the last 2 months to the last 4 months when the specification reaches about 200 tails/kg. The seedlings are supplied to Zhejiang south and Fujian provinces in the early stage, and are supplied to local and peripheral stocking in the later stage. And (4) cultivating the pond seedlings until the pond seedlings are continuously caught in the middle of 5 months, and collecting the pond seedlings until the pond seedlings are caught in the last 6 months. And adopting ground cage nets with different mesh specifications to capture the shrimps according to the sizes of the shrimps.

(II) analysis of results

1. Late rice production is shown in table 1.

Table 12020-2021 statistics on Rice production

As can be seen from Table 1: test field No. 1 is 19.8 mu, the rice is harvested 11428kg, the processed rice is 7428kg, and the sales income is 38628 yuan; the No. 2 test field is 16.2 mu, the dry rice is collected by 9373kg, the processed rice is 6092kg, and the sales income is 31678 yuan. The yield of dry rice is 20801kg in total, the rice is 13520kg, the sales income is 70304 yuan, the yield is reduced to 577.81kg of dry rice per mu, the yield is 375.56kg of rice per mu, and the yield is 1952.89 yuan per mu.

2. Crayfish development is shown in table 2.

Table 22020-2021 crayfish production statistics

As can be seen from Table 2: 19.8 mu of test field No. 1, 548kg of recaptured parent shrimps, and 52608 yuan of sales income; 2030kg of shrimp catching seedlings and 85260 yuan of sales income; 855kg of commercial shrimps are collected and the sales income is 30780 yuan. The No. 2 test field is 16.2 mu, catches 442kg of parent shrimps, and sells for 42432 yuan; 1660kg of shrimp catching seedlings are caught, and the sale income is 69720 yuan; collecting 701kg of commercial shrimps and selling 25236 yuan. . 990kg of recaptured parent shrimps in total, and the sales income is 95040 yuan; 3690kg of total shrimp catching seedlings are collected, and the income is 154980 Yuan; the total amount of commercial shrimps is 1556kg, and the income is 56016 yuan. The total yield is 306036 yuan, which is equivalent to 8501 yuan per mu.

3. The rice and shrimp breeding input and output benefit analysis is shown in table 3.

TABLE 32020-2021 cultivation, input and output of rice and shrimp

As can be seen from Table 3: the area of the test area is 36 mu, the total yield of dry rice is 20801kg, the processed rice is 13520kg, and the sales income is 70304 yuan; reclaims parent shrimps, catches shrimp larvae and reclaims 6236kg of commercial shrimps, and the sales income is 306036 yuan. The total income is 376340 yuan in total, and the yield per mu is 10453.89 yuan. The total cost is 195573 yuan, wherein the cost for planting rice is 20080 yuan, and the cost for breeding shrimps is 146685 yuan. Net profit after deducting cost is 180767 yuan, and average profit per mu is 5021.31 yuan.

The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.

Claims

1. The integrated mode for rice field breeding and breeding of procambarus clarkii is characterized by comprising the following processes:

the method comprises the following steps: site selection and construction

step two: rice cultivation and field management

1) Rice field arrangement and fertilization

2) Selection and sowing of rice varieties

Selecting Yongyou 17 rice variety;

3) Rice field management

4) Pest control

5) Harvesting

step three: procambarus clarkia breeding and management

1) Removing harmful substances

2) Planting grass

3) Stocking parent shrimps

4) Feeding of fodder

After the parent shrimps are put in a suitable place for breeding, the compound feed is fed for 1 time in the morning and afternoon every day, the feeding amount is controlled to be 2% -3% of the total weight of the shrimps, and the feeding amount is adjusted according to different breeding periods so as to be subject to 2h feeding completion of the feed; for the young shrimps with the specification within 200 tails/kg, the crude protein content in the fed feed is more than 36 percent, the lysine content is more than 1.6 percent, for the adult shrimps with the specification more than 200 tails/kg, the crude protein content in the fed feed is more than 32 percent, and the lysine content is more than 1.4 percent;

5) Water level management

6) Prevention and control of disease and enemy

7) Catching procambarus clarkii

2. The rice field planting, breeding and integrated mode for the procambarus clarkii as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step one, the distance between the reversed-shaped ditch and the ridge is 0.8-1.2 m, the width is 2.2-2.8 m, and the depth is 0.7-0.9 m.

3. The rice field planting and breeding integrated mode of the procambarus clarkii as claimed in claim 2, wherein the ridging and weeding in the second step is to build a ridge with the width of 28-32 cm and the height of 18-22 cm on the surface of the field adjacent to the ditch shaped like the Chinese character hui; the width of the drainage ditch is 28-32 cm, the drainage ditch is opened on the field surface at intervals of 3-5 m, and the drainage ditch is also used as an operation channel and is placed for 1-3 days before sowing.

4. The integrated mode of rice field seed breeding and propagation of procambarus clarkii as claimed in claim 3, wherein the step two further comprises the steps of seed sunning and germination hastening before sowing, and specifically comprises the following steps: 1-2 days in sunny days in the first ten days of 6 months, and then 0.8-1.2 kg of rice seeds per mu are soaked for germination; soaking seeds with 100ml of 25 percent of phenamacril suspending agent 100ml +25 percent of prochloraz emulsifiable concentrate for 46 to 50 hours in 2000 times of diluent, and then draining and keeping out of the sun; the seed soaking and germination accelerating temperature is controlled at 24-26 ℃, and the method is carried out when the root of the bud grows to 1.8-2.2 mm.

5. The integrated mode of rice field breeding and breeding of procambarus clarkii according to claim 4, wherein the specific measures for rice field management in the second step are as follows: the rice and shrimp do not need to be topdressed in the field for more than 1 year; fertilizing the field of the 1 st year of the breeding of the rice and the shrimps in combination with a weeding field, and applying fermented farmyard manure as base fertilizer 5 to 7 days before sowing, wherein the amount of the base fertilizer is 80 to 100kg per mu; for the field with insufficient fertility, applying 7.5 kg-10 kg of urea per mu about 20 days after transplanting rice seedlings; synchronously raising water level, generally 3-5 cm, with the growth of the rice seedling and the height of the rice seedling before tillering, turning green with thin water, tillering with shallow water, placing the rice field for 4-6 days once when the total tillering number reaches more than 70% of the estimated ear number, keeping shallow water of 8-10 cm on the field surface in the booting stage, alternating shallow water and dry dew after heading, raising the water level to 15-20 cm for temperature adjustment when meeting high temperature, placing the rice field for yellowing of rice leaves before harvesting, and watering for 1 time 18-22 days before harvesting.

6. The rice field breeding and breeding integrated mode of procambarus clarkii according to claim 5, wherein the concrete grass planting measures in the third step are as follows: planting the verticillium nigrum and the hyacinth in the ditch shaped like Chinese character 'hui' in late 6 months, wherein the planting distance of the verticillium nigrum is 2.8-3.2 m; 1, transplanting 1 cluster of water hyacinth at intervals of 14-16 m, and controlling the covering surface of the water hyacinth not to exceed 25 percent of the area of the trench surface; in the middle late 11 months after harvesting, ploughing and harrowing the field surface, planting the waterweeds, and arranging the row spacing (2.8-3.2) mx (2.8-3.2) m; the shallow water level of 8-10 cm is kept in the early stage of planting the aquatic weeds, and the water level is gradually increased to 15-20 cm along with the growth of the aquatic weeds.

7. The integrated rice field breeding and breeding mode for procambarus clarkii according to claim 6, wherein the female-male ratio of parent shrimps in the third step is 1.5, and the breeding amount is 16 kg/mu; after the rice seedlings grow to 20cm high, water is gradually added to the rice seedlings until the height of the rice seedlings is more than 10 cm.

8. The rice field breeding integrated mode of procambarus clarkii as claimed in claim 7 wherein said feeding periods for adjusting the feeding amount in step three comprise after stocking parent shrimps, after hatching young shrimps in 9 months and after spring festival water temperature rises.

9. The integrated rice field breeding and breeding mode for procambarus clarkii according to claim 8, wherein the water level management in the third step is implemented by the following specific measures: after the rice is harvested and planted with grass in the first 11 months to the next 2 months, the water level is gradually increased and the water depth of the field surface is kept to be 48-52 cm; after spring festival, lowering the water level to 33 cm-37 cm in sunny days in 3 months; the water level of the procambarus clarkii is increased to 48 cm-52 cm during the culture period of 4-6 months.

10. The rice field breeding integrated mode of procambarus clarkii as claimed in claim 9 wherein the specific capturing measures of procambarus clarkii in step three are: after 11 months, fattening the parent shrimps, and harvesting the parent shrimps when the amount is small and the price is high; harvesting and catching the seedlings when the specification reaches 180-220 tails/kg from late 2 th to early 4 th months; and (5) continuously capturing other seedlings in the middle of 5 months, and finishing capturing in the last 6 months.