CN110476753B

CN110476753B - Celestial grass, crayfish, rice symbiotic culture system

Info

Publication number: CN110476753B
Application number: CN201910889152.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 蔡艾铿; 蔡宗谕; 蔡宗霈; 蔡克光
Original assignee: Shenzhen Houpu Culture Media Co ltd
Current assignee: Shenzhen Houpu Culture Media Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-09-19
Filing date: 2019-09-19
Publication date: 2022-06-17
Anticipated expiration: 2039-09-19
Also published as: CN110476753A; CN114931074A

Abstract

The invention provides a symbiotic cultivation system for mesona chinensis, crayfish and rice, which comprises a paddy field cultivation area, a circular ditch area and an outer ridge area; the rice field cultivation area comprises a field surface which is in a similar rectangular or S-shaped design and is used for planting rice; the circular ditch area comprises a circular ditch arranged around the rice field breeding area and is used for breeding crayfish; the outer ridge area comprises outer ridges arranged around the circular trench area and used for cultivating the Mesona chinensis Benth; wherein, one end of the annular ditch is provided with a water inlet pipeline near the top, and the other end of the annular ditch is provided with a water outlet pipeline near the bottom; an escape-proof net is arranged on the inner side of the outer ridge area; still be provided with water supply pipeline in the ring ditch region, water supply pipeline protrusion in ring ditch bottom for carry out the moisturizing operation to the breed water in the ring ditch. According to the invention, rice is cultured in the rice field culture area, crayfishes are cultured in the annular ditch area, and the immortal grass is cultured in the outer ridge area, so that the circular culture of the immortal grass, the crayfishes and the rice is realized, and the culture quality of the crayfishes is improved.

Description

Celestial grass, crayfish, rice symbiotic culture system

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of biological cultivation, in particular to a symbiotic cultivation system for mesona chinensis, crayfish and rice.

Background

The freshwater crayfish has the characteristics of strong adaptability, high reproductive capacity, less diseases, poor feeding quality, fast growth and hypoxia resistance. The crayfish has high protein content in the body, soft meat, is easy to digest, and is an excellent food for people who are weak and need to be nursed after illness; the shrimp meat is rich in magnesium, zinc, iodine, selenium, etc., and magnesium has important regulating effect on heart activity, can protect cardiovascular system, reduce cholesterol content in blood, prevent arteriosclerosis, and dilate coronary artery, and is beneficial to preventing hypertension and myocardial infarction.

The existing crayfish breeding mode is generally pond breeding, aquatic weeds are needed to be planted as feed for crayfish, and if the quality of the planted aquatic weeds is not enough, the yield of crayfish and the proportion of good crayfish are reduced.

Therefore, the symbiotic cultivation system for the mesona chinensis, the crayfishes and the rice can effectively improve the yield of the crayfishes in a unit area and the proportion of high-quality crayfishes.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a mesona chinensis, crayfish and rice symbiotic culture system capable of effectively improving the yield of crayfish in a unit area and the proportion of high-quality crayfish, and aims to solve the technical problem that the crayfish culture quality of an existing crayfish culture system is poor.

The invention provides a symbiotic cultivation system for mesona chinensis, crayfish and rice, which comprises:

a paddy field cultivation area which comprises a field surface with a similar rectangular or S-shaped design and is used for planting paddy rice;

a circular ditch area including a circular ditch arranged around the paddy field breeding area for breeding crayfish;

the outer ridge area comprises outer ridges arranged around the annular ditch area and is used for cultivating the Mesona chinensis Benth;

wherein, a water inlet pipeline is arranged at one end of the annular ditch close to the top, and a water outlet pipeline is arranged at the other end of the annular ditch close to the bottom;

an escape-preventing net for preventing the crayfishes from escaping is arranged on the inner side of the outer ridge area;

still be provided with the moisturizing pipeline of the rivers direction of the approximate perpendicular to ring ditch of extending direction in the ring ditch region, moisturizing pipeline protrusion in the ring ditch bottom for breed water in the ring ditch carries out the moisturizing operation.

In the symbiotic cultivation system of the mesona chinensis, the crayfish and the rice, the water replenishing pipeline comprises a pipe body, a first water outlet plate arranged at the top of the pipe body, a second water outlet plate arranged at the bottom of the pipe body and soil fixing parts arranged at two sides of the pipe body; the pipe body comprises a first pipe body water outlet arranged at the top and a second pipe body water outlet arranged at the bottom, the first water outlet plate is connected with the first pipe body water outlet, and the second water outlet plate is connected with the second pipe body water outlet.

In the symbiotic cultivation system for the mesona chinensis, the crayfish and the rice, the first water outlet plate comprises a first water inlet connected with a first pipe body water outlet, a first buffer channel used for carrying out buffer operation on top water supplement and a first water outlet used for uniformly guiding the top water supplement out of the top of the pipe body, and the first water outlet faces the top of the pipe body.

In the symbiotic cultivation system for the mesona chinensis, the crayfish and the rice, the second water outlet plate comprises a second water inlet connected with the water outlet of the second pipe body, a second buffer channel used for performing buffer operation on bottom water supplement, and second water outlets used for uniformly guiding the bottom water supplement out of the bottom of the pipe body, and the second water outlets face to two sides of the pipe body.

In the symbiotic cultivation system for the mesona chinensis, the crayfish and the rice, after the feeding operation is carried out in the feeding area, the water supplementing pipeline is used for supplementing water to the cultivation water in the circular ditch.

In the symbiotic cultivation system of the mesona chinensis, the crayfish and the rice, the water outlet pipeline is rotatably arranged at the position close to the bottom of the circular ditch so as to adjust the height of the water outlet pipeline.

In the symbiotic cultivation system of the mesona chinensis, the crayfish and the rice, the escape-proof net is buried 10cm to 15cm underground, the top end of the escape-proof net is 40 cm to 50 cm higher than the plane of the outer ridge, and the escape-proof net is black oilcloth, a glass plate or asbestos tiles.

In the system for symbiotic cultivation of mesona chinensis, crayfish and rice, a plurality of aquatic plant throwing areas are arranged in the annular ditch and used for throwing waterweed, hydrilla verticillata and alternanthera philoxeroides.

In the system for cultivating the sianchau, the crayfish and the rice in the symbiosis, a floating block for increasing the inhabitation area of the crayfish is further arranged in the middle of the annular ditch, and the floating block is arranged at a set height in the annular ditch through a bracket or a floating anchor.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the symbiotic cultivation system for the mesona chinensis, the crayfishes and the rice is used for cultivating the rice in the rice field cultivation area, cultivating the crayfishes in the annular ditch area and cultivating the mesona chinensis in the outer ridge area, so that the cyclic cultivation of the mesona chinensis, the crayfishes and the rice is realized, the cultivation quality of the crayfishes is improved, and the technical problem that the existing crayfish cultivation system is poor in cultivation quality of the crayfishes is effectively solved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required in the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and the drawings in the following description are only corresponding to some embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of an embodiment of the symbiotic cultivation system for Mesona chinensis, crawfish and paddy rice of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the symbiotic cultivation system for Mesona chinensis, crawfish and paddy rice of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of another embodiment of the symbiotic cultivation system for Mesona chinensis, crawfish and paddy rice of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the symbiotic cultivation system for Mesona chinensis, crawfish and paddy rice of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the area a of FIG. 3;

FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along section line A-A' of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a flow chart of the architecture of the field facilities corresponding to the symbiotic cultivation system of Mesona chinensis, crayfish and rice of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a rice cultivation flow chart corresponding to the symbiotic cultivation system of Mesona chinensis, crayfish and rice of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a flow chart of crayfish breeding corresponding to the symbiotic cultivation system for immortal grass, crayfish and rice.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The three cultivated plants and animals to which the present invention relates will be described first.

Rice: the south-to-north mountain range of Guangdong province, south-to-south sea, from the tidal field on the open sea surface to the terrace of mountain areas with kilometers of elevation, rice is planted in the paddy field, and the paddy field is in the Liaoning area. In the climates of subtropical zone and tropical zone of Guangdong, the rainfall is abundant, the sunshine duration is long, the conditions are favorable for the growth of rice, the early season rice is generally transplanted in the first 3 th of month, and the early season rice is harvested in the middle 7 th of month; transplanting late rice in late 7 th month, and harvesting in middle 11 th month.

Crayfish: the temperature of the crayfish suitable for growth is 18-31 ℃, and the optimal temperature is 22-31 ℃. Under the natural conditions of proper temperature and sufficient feed, the crayfish fries with the body length of 5cm can reach sexual maturity after being fed for 2-3 months, the body length is more than 12cm, and the weight reaches 30 g. Under the condition of artificial feeding, the growth speed is obviously accelerated, and if the shrimp larvae with the same body length of 5cm are fed with the expanded pellet feed, the shrimp larvae can grow to more than 50g in 28 days.

The crayfish has omnivorous and wide eating property, and vegetable feed such as beans, grains, various dregs, vegetables, various aquatic plants and nontoxic terrestrial grass is the food of the crayfish; animal feed such as aquatic zooplankton, benthonic animals, animal viscera, silkworm pupa, earthworm, etc. are foods which are favored by the animals. The active period of the crayfishes in one year is 3-11 months, namely, the active period of eight nine months, and by the time of winter, the crayfishes enter the holes to pass the winter, and basically no operation is needed.

Crayfish in 3 months have typically begun a cave-out activity; the peak period of crayfish growth is 4-5 months; the 5-6 months are seasons for catching a large amount of finished shrimps; the rest period is generally 7-8 months, and the crayfishes are not too active due to the high temperature; the temperature begins to gradually decrease in 8-10 months, and the crayfish gradually begins to recover the vitality. During the period, the crayfishes are just in the peak period of mating and spawning; 10 months later, when adult shrimps were caught; the weather becomes cold in 11 months, the winter starts gradually, and the last catching of the grown shrimps and the putting of the seed shrimps can be basically carried out in the south.

Mesona chinensis Benth: in spring, the temperature is 10-15 ℃, the perennial roots of the sianchau start to sprout a plurality of new seedlings, so that the diseases and insect pests are not easy to happen, and the pesticide is not required to be applied. When the height of the seedling is more than 3 cm, the tillering seedling can be divided into plants and transplanted with roots.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of an embodiment of a symbiotic cultivation system for Mesona chinensis, crawfish and rice of the present invention, and fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the embodiment of the symbiotic cultivation system for Mesona chinensis, crawfish and rice of the present invention.

The symbiotic cultivation system 10 for the mesona chinensis, the crayfishes and the rice comprises a paddy field cultivation area 11, a circular ditch area 12 and an outer ridge area 13.

The paddy field cultivation area 11 comprises a field surface 111 which is designed in a similar rectangle shape or an S shape and is used for planting paddy rice; the circular ditch area 12 comprises a circular ditch 121 arranged around a paddy field breeding area and used for breeding crayfish; the outer ridge area bag 13 comprises an outer ridge 131 arranged around the circular trench area and used for cultivating Mesona chinensis.

An inner ridge 112 for storing the water of the rice in the field surface 111 is arranged on the outer side of the rice field culture area 11, and the height of the top plane of the inner ridge 112 relative to the plane of the field surface 111 is 0.3-0.5 m.

The top of the annular ditch 121 in the annular ditch area 12 is 3-5 m wide, the depth of the bottom plane of the annular ditch 121 relative to the plane of the field surface 111 is 0.8-1.5 m, a water inlet pipeline 1211 is arranged at one end of the annular ditch 121 close to the top, a water outlet pipeline 1212 is arranged at the other end of the annular ditch 121 close to the bottom, the water inlet end of the water inlet pipeline 1211 can be arranged on the outer ridge 131, and a water inlet can be sealed by a 80-mesh dense net to prevent trash fish from entering. The outlet pipe 1212 may be designed as an L-shaped pipe, and one end of the L-shaped pipe is rotatably disposed near the bottom of the annular groove 121, so that the height of the outlet of the other end of the outlet pipe 1212 is adjusted by rotating the outlet pipe 1212, thereby controlling the depth of the water level in the annular groove 121.

The first annular groove slope 122 is arranged at the joint of the annular groove area 12 and the paddy field cultivation area 11, the second annular groove slope 123 is arranged at the joint of the annular groove area 12 and the outer ridge area 13, and the slope ratio of the first annular groove slope 122 to the second annular groove slope 123 is 1:2 to 1:3, so that the area of a hole digging area of crayfishes can be effectively increased later, and the cultivation quality of the crayfishes is improved.

Preferably, a plurality of groove stems 1213 are arranged in the middle area of the bottom of the annular groove 121, that is, a plurality of plastic bottles and bamboo tubes are arranged at the bottom of the annular groove 121 to serve as supporting members, soil is filled on the surfaces of the supporting members to serve as the groove stems 1213, so that the crayfish can be conveniently holed to avoid summer heat, breed, sleep and the like.

Preferably, a floating block 1214 is further provided in the middle of the annular groove 121, and the floating block 1214 may be disposed at a set height in the annular groove 121 by a bracket 1215 provided at the bottom of the annular groove 121, or may be disposed at a set height in the annular groove 121 by being connected to a floating anchor (not shown) provided at the bottom of the annular groove 121. The floating block 1214 can further increase the inhabitation area of crayfish and can play a certain role in shading sun, and the floating block 1214 can be made of net-shaped glass or plastic, etc. The set height may be 0.5 meters to 0.8 meters from the bottom of the annular trench 121.

Meanwhile, a plurality of aquatic plant throwing areas 1216 are arranged in the annular ditch 121, the area of each aquatic plant throwing area 1216 is about 50% of the area of the annular ditch area 12, the aquatic plants are planted in a grid mode, the aquatic plants can be waterweeds, hydrilla verticillata, alternaria alternata and the like, the planting time of the aquatic plants is preferably 11 to 1 month late, the aquatic plants are not suitable to be too early, and the pond sealing by aquatic plants is avoided.

In addition, in order to facilitate the detection of the water quality in the annular groove 121, a PH sensor 1217 for detecting the PH value of the annular groove water and a water oxygen content sensor 1218 for detecting the water oxygen content may be further disposed in the annular groove 121, so as to ensure that the PH value of the annular groove water is 7.5 to 8.5, the water source is sufficient, the water quality is good and no pollution is caused.

The top width of the outer ridge 131 is 1.5-2 meters, the height of the top plane of the outer ridge 131 relative to the plane of the field surface 111 is 1-1.5 meters, and the soil of the outer ridge 131 needs to be compacted to prevent collapse.

The inner side of the outer ridge area 13 is provided with an escape-proof net 132 for preventing crayfishes from escaping, the height of the escape-proof net 132 is 0.4-0.5 m, the escape-proof net 132 is made of smooth black oilcloth, glass plates, asbestos tiles and the like, the base part of the escape-proof net 132 is buried 10-15 cm underground, the top end of the escape-proof net 132 is 40-50 cm higher than the plane of the

outer ridge

131, and 1 stick or bamboo rod is used for supporting the escape-proof net 1-2 m each. The escape-proof net at the corner can be embedded with a plastic film or a net sheet in the underground outer ridge area 13 due to the proximity of the water source in the circular ditch.

An operating platform 14 with the width of 0.5-1 meter is arranged at the joint of the outer ridge area 13 and the annular ditch area 12, and workers can stand on the operating platform 14 to throw food to crayfish or go to a cage to catch crayfish. The outer ridge area 13 is provided with ridge slopes 133 at the junction of the operation platform 14, the slope ratio of the ridge slopes 133 is 1:2 to 1:3, and collapse of the outer ridge is avoided.

In order to further enhance the circulation of the water in the annular trench 121, a part of annular trench pipes 1219 can be buried at the bottom of the annular trench 121, and new water can be injected into the lower water in the annular trench 1219, so as to further enhance the oxygen content of the water at the bottom of the annular trench 1219 and enhance the circulation of the upper and lower water in the annular trench 1219.

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, fig. 3 is a schematic plan view of another embodiment of the symbiotic cultivation system for celestial grass, crayfish and rice of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the symbiotic cultivation system for Mesona chinensis, crawfish and paddy rice of the present invention.

The symbiotic cultivation system 20 for the mesona chinensis, the crayfish and the rice comprises a paddy field cultivation area 21, a circular ditch area 22 and an outer ridge area 23.

The rice field cultivation area 21 comprises a field surface 211 and an inner ridge 212 which are designed in a rectangular-like or S-shaped mode and are used for planting rice; the circular ditch area 22 comprises a circular ditch 221 arranged around the paddy field cultivation area 21 and used for cultivating crayfish; the outer ridge area 23 comprises an outer ridge 231 arranged around the circular trench area 22 and used for cultivating Mesona chinensis.

On the basis of the first embodiment, a water replenishing pipeline 222 extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to the water flow direction of the annular groove 221 is further disposed in the annular groove region 22 of the present embodiment, and the water replenishing pipeline 222 protrudes from the bottom of the annular groove 221 for performing a water replenishing operation on the culture water in the annular groove 221.

Referring to fig. 5 and 6, fig. 5 is an enlarged view of a region a of fig. 3; fig. 6 is a sectional view taken along the sectional line a-a' of fig. 5.

The water replenishing pipeline 222 comprises a pipe body 61, a first water outlet plate 62 arranged at the top of the pipe body 61, a second water outlet plate 63 arranged at the bottom of the pipe body 61, and soil fixing parts 64 arranged at two sides of the pipe body 61.

The tube 61 comprises a first tube water outlet 611 arranged at the top and a second tube water outlet 612 arranged at the bottom, the first water outlet plate 62 is connected with the first tube water outlet 611, and the second water outlet plate 63 is connected with the second tube water outlet 612.

The first water outlet plate 62 includes a first water inlet 621 connected to the first tube water outlet 611, a first buffer channel 622 for buffering the top water supply, and a first water outlet 623 for uniformly guiding the top water supply out of the top of the tube 61, as shown in fig. 5, each first water outlet 62 may be provided with a plurality of first water outlets 621, and each first water outlet 621 faces the top of the tube 61.

The second water outlet plate 63 includes a second water inlet 631 connected to the second pipe outlet 612, a second buffer channel 632 for buffering the bottom supplementing water, and a second water outlet 633 for guiding the bottom supplementing water out from the bottom of the pipe, as shown in fig. 6, each second water outlet 63 may be provided with a plurality of second water outlets 631, and each second water outlet 631 faces two sides of the pipe 61.

The symbiotic cultivation system 20 of the present embodiment further comprises feeding areas 223 arranged between adjacent water replenishing pipes 222.

When the symbiotic cultivation system 20 for celestial grass, crayfish and rice of the embodiment is used, when water needs to be added to the circular ditch 221, water can be added to the circular ditch through the water adding pipeline 222. Because the first water outlet plate 62 and the second water outlet plate 63 of the water replenishing pipe 222 are respectively arranged at the top and the bottom of the circular ditch 221, the water outlet of the first water outlet plate 62 and the second water outlet plate 63 can effectively promote the circulation of the water body in the circular ditch 221 in the vertical direction, and the water quality at the bottom of the circular ditch 221 is prevented from being deteriorated (such as the oxygen content of the water is lowered).

Meanwhile, the soil fixing portions 64 on the two sides of the pipe body 61 can fix the pipe body 61 of the water replenishing pipeline 222 on one hand, and can increase the punching area of the crayfish on the other hand, so that the breeding quantity and the breeding quality of the crayfish are improved.

Furthermore, the first water outlet plate 62 comprises a first buffer channel 622 with a bent pipeline, and the second water outlet plate 63 comprises a second buffer channel 632 with a bent pipeline, so that the impact water column caused by excessive water yield can be effectively avoided, and the breeding environment of the crayfish is affected. Meanwhile, the first water outlet 623 faces the top of the tube body 61, and the second water outlet 633 faces the two sides of the tube body 61, so that the influence of water supplement on the soil fixing part 64 is reduced as much as possible, and the activity environment quality of the crayfish is further improved.

In addition, as shown in fig. 3, a fixed feeding area 223 is further provided between adjacent water replenishing pipelines 61, which not only facilitates feeding and residue recovery operations of a feeder, but also avoids the influence of water replenishing operations on feeding. In order to further improve feeding efficiency, after feeding operation is carried out on the feeding area 223, water supplementing operation is carried out on the aquaculture water of the annular ditch 221 through the water supplementing pipeline 61, so that crayfish can be reminded of coming out to forage, the aquaculture environment of the crayfish can be effectively improved, and the activity of the crayfish is improved.

The mesona chinensis benth, crayfish and rice symbiotic cultivation system utilizes the agroecology principle to construct the mesona chinensis benth, crayfish and rice symbiotic cultivation system, and achieves self-reproduction, self-cultivation and self-cultivation of crayfish and improvement of system productivity through matching measures such as artificial planting, cultivation, fertilization, water level regulation, seed reservation and seed preservation.

Digging a circular ditch in the rice field, stocking crayfishes, and planting mesona chinensis on an outer ridge. The microorganisms and pests generated in the growth process of the rice provide sufficient bait for the development of the crayfish, and meanwhile, the crayfish is fed by the residues of the immortal grass after the immortal grass is boiled in the immortal grass juice, so that the meat of the crayfish is more fragrant and tender. The excrement generated by the crayfish provides good biological fertilizer for the growth of the rice, and the straws can be returned to the field after the rice is harvested to improve the soil fertility. In the biological chain with complementary advantages, the quality of the mesona chinensis, the crayfish and the rice is guaranteed, and the rice becomes ecological rice which is close to natural growth.

The crawfish cultivation process of the symbiotic cultivation system of celestial grass, crawfish and rice of the invention is explained in detail below. Referring to fig. 7-9, fig. 7-9 are schematic views of crawfish cultivation process of the symbiotic cultivation system for celestial grass, crawfish and rice of the present invention. The cultivation process comprises a field facility construction process, a rice cultivation process, a mesona chinensis cultivation process and a crayfish cultivation process.

Wherein the field facility architecture process comprises:

step S701, excavating a circular ditch around a rice field cultivation area, wherein the width of the circular ditch is 3-5 meters, the depth of the circular ditch is 0.8-1.5 meters, reinforcing and heightening an outer ridge by utilizing soil excavated by excavating the circular ditch, tamping each layer of soil when the ridge is reinforced to prevent the outer ridge from collapsing caused by water seepage or rainstorm, wherein the outer ridge is 1-1.5 meters higher than the field surface, the bottom of the outer ridge is 5-6 meters wide, and the top of the outer ridge is 1.5-2 meters wide. And the outer ridge can also be provided with ridge slopes, so that the outer ridge is further reinforced.

An operating platform is arranged between the outer ridge and the annular ditch, the operating platform is equal to the top of the annular ditch in height, and the width of the operating platform is 0.5-1 meter, so that workers can throw food in the annular ditch and can catch crayfishes when falling into a cage.

An inner ridge for storing water for the rice is arranged around the field surface, and the height of the top plane of the inner ridge relative to the plane of the field surface is 0.3-0.5 m.

Step S702, a first annular groove slope is arranged at the junction of the annular groove and the field surface, a second annular groove slope is arranged at the junction of the annular groove and the outer ridge, and groove stems protruding from the plane of the bottom of the annular groove are arranged in the middle area of the bottom of the annular groove and can be arranged vertically and horizontally at the bottom of the annular groove. Therefore, the hole punching area of the crayfishes in the annular ditch can be increased, and the breeding quantity and the breeding quality of the crayfishes are improved.

In addition, a floating block for increasing the inhabitation area of the crayfish is arranged in the middle of the circular ditch, and the floating block can be arranged at a set height in the circular ditch through a bracket arranged at the bottom of the circular ditch or connected with a floating anchor arranged at the bottom of the circular ditch. The floating block can further increase the inhabitation area of the crayfishes and can play a certain role in shading sun, and the floating block can be a net-shaped glass piece or a plastic piece and the like. The set height may be 0.5 to 0.8 meters from the bottom of the annular trench. Meanwhile, equipment such as a pH value sensor, a water sample content sensor and the like are also directly arranged on the bottom surface of the floating block so as to ensure the stability and accuracy of the obtained water sample.

Step S703, an anti-escape net is arranged along the inner periphery of the outer ridge region by using asbestos tiles or glass plates, the base of the anti-escape net is buried under the ground by 10cm to 15cm, the height of the anti-escape net is 0.4 m to 0.5 m, the turning part of the anti-escape net is arc-shaped, and a plastic film or a net piece can be buried in the outer ridge region under the ground due to the proximity of a water source in the circular ditch.

Step S704, a water inlet pipeline and a water outlet pipeline are respectively arranged at two ends of the annular ditch, a water inlet of the water inlet pipeline is arranged at the top of one end of the annular ditch, and a long mesh bag of 60 meshes to 80 meshes is arranged to filter water so as to prevent harmful organisms from entering along with water flow.

The water outlet pipeline can be set to be an L-shaped pipeline, a water outlet of the water outlet pipeline is arranged at the bottom of the other end of the annular groove, and water irrigation is guaranteed to be obtained according to a high irrigation and low drainage pattern. And the water outlet pipeline is rotatably arranged at the position close to the bottom of the annular ditch, and the height of one end of the water outlet pipeline can be adjusted through rotating one end of the water outlet pipeline connected with the annular ditch, so that the water level in the annular ditch is adjusted.

Thus, the framework of the field facilities of the symbiotic cultivation system of the mesona chinensis, the crayfish and the rice is completed.

The process of rice cultivation comprises:

step S801, selecting an adaptive rice variety, wherein the rice variety is preferably a high-quality high-yield rice variety which is short in growth period, thick and strong in stem, slightly higher in plant shape, resistant to fertilizer, resistant to diseases, insects and lodging and high and stable in yield.

Step S802, for the rice cultivation in the first year, applying 200-300 kg of farmyard manure and 10-15 kg of urea to each mu 10-15 days before transplanting, uniformly spreading the farmyard manure and the urea on the field surface, and uniformly ploughing and raking the farmyard manure and the urea by using a machine; in a paddy field for one year or more in which shrimps are raised, rotten straws and feces of crayfish are already present in the field surface, so that the fertilizing amount can be reduced in a proper amount.

And step S803, transplanting the seedlings generally in the last 3 months and the last 7 months, and adopting a method of combining shallow water planting, strip planting and side row close planting.

Step S804, applying the decomposed organic fertilizer into the plough layer before transplanting rice seedlings, so as to achieve the purpose of lasting and long-acting fertility. When top dressing is applied, shallow field water is preferably drained firstly, shrimps are gathered in the circular ditch, then fertilizer is applied, so that the fertilizer is rapidly deposited in the bottom layer mud and absorbed by the mud and rice, and the field water is deepened to the normal depth. Chemical fertilizers harmful to crayfish, such as ammonia water and ammonium bicarbonate, are strictly forbidden.

And step S805, performing field drying operation until the water level is reduced to expose the field surface, wherein the time is short. The water slowly flows out, so that most of crayfishes can swim into the ditch, the water level of the ditch is kept, the water quality management is enhanced, and the crayfishes are damaged by the excessively high water quality or the excessively high temperature. After the crayfish is well dried, the water level should be recovered in time, and the crayfish should not be dried for too long as possible, so that the adverse effect of the density of the crayfish in the circular groove caused by too large time is avoided.

And step S806, controlling rice diseases and insect pests by combining a physical method and biological prevention and control. One trap lamp is arranged every 10-20 mu. The peak period of the brown rice planthopper is after 9 months and 20 days every year, and the purpose of insect avoidance can be basically achieved as long as the water level of the rice field is kept about 20 centimeters.

In step S807, the water level of the rice field is rapidly lowered to 5-10cm above the field surface, and then slowly drained to promote crayfishes to dig holes in the small ridges, the annular ditches and the field ditches. Finally, the annular ditch and the field ditch keep the water level of 10cm-15cm, and then the rice can be harvested.

Thus, the cultivation process of rice is completed.

The cultivation process of the mesona chinensis benth comprises the following steps:

and (4) selecting medium-fertility soil which is convenient to drain and irrigate for cultivation, and watering after cultivation. After the immortal grass survives in a fixed planting mode, applying the quick-acting fertilizer for 1 time every 10 days, intertilling and weeding for 1 time after 30 days, and applying the fertilizer.

Grass can be mowed for 1 time every 40-45 days, the grass can grow vigorously when 5cm of stubble is left, but quick-acting fertilizer needs to be applied after cutting. The cut fresh grass can not be piled and retted and should be dried in the sun in time. The dried crayfish can be decocted after being dried in the sun, and the residue after decoction can be used for feeding crayfish.

Thus, the cultivation process of the Mesona chinensis Benth is completed.

The crayfish breeding process comprises the following steps:

step S901, sterilizing the circular ditches, specifically using 100-150 kg/mu of quick lime with water to sterilize, killing harmful organisms and pathogenic bacteria, preventing crayfish diseases, and selecting derris extract, tea cake juice or chlorine dioxide and peroxide disinfectant to sterilize because parent shrimps are left in the ditches in the next year.

Step S902, after 3-5 days of disinfection, injecting water into the annular ditch, and transplanting aquatic plants such as waterweed, hydrilla verticillata, and alternanthera philoxeroides in the annular ditch, wherein the planting area is controlled to be about 30%. After the rice is harvested and flooded, the field surface should be transplanted with aquatic plants. (aquatic plants with 30-40% of area are transplanted in the annular ditch and the field ditch before the parent shrimps are put in the field). Before and after the shrimp seeds are put in the ditch, some beneficial organisms such as tubificidae (0.3 to 0.5 kilogram per square meter), field snails (8 to 10 per square meter), freshwater mussels (3 to 4 per square meter) and the like are put in the ditch. Not only can purify water quality, but also can provide rich natural bait for crayfish.

In the culture process, water quality can be monitored in real time through equipment such as a PH value sensor and a water oxygen content sensor which are arranged in the annular ditch.

And step S903, putting artificially propagated shrimp fries with the body length of 2-3 cm in 3-4 months per year. Putting parent shrimps from late 8 to middle 9 of each month.

The paddy field for primarily culturing the shrimps can put parent shrimps into the ring ditch from late 8 to middle 9 months, and the ratio of the parent shrimps to male shrimps is 2: 1 to 3: 1 putting in water, immersing the shrimp basket in the water for 1 to 2 minutes during putting in the water, lifting and draining the shrimp basket, repeating the steps for 2 to 3 times to enable the seed shrimps to adapt to the water temperature, and then putting in the water. 20 to 30 kilograms of the seedlings are thrown in each mu of the rice field in which the shrimps have been raised, the seedlings are supplemented properly according to the shrimp seed stock in the rice field in each mu of the rice field, the seedling supplementing quantity is carried out according to 60 to 70 percent of the seed throwing quantity in the shrimp-raising rice field in the first year, and about 5 to 10 kilograms of the seedlings are thrown in each mu of the rice field.

The selection criteria of parent shrimps are as follows: 1. dark red or deep red, lustrous, smooth body surface and no attachment. 2. The individual is large, and the individual weight of male and female is more than 35 g. 3. The male and female parent shrimps require complete appendages, strong physique and strong mobility. The parent shrimps meeting one of the above standards are standard parent shrimps.

In step S904, the parent shrimps are fed with a small amount of animal feed or pellet feed in addition to natural baits such as organic debris, zooplankton, aquatic insects, periphyton, aquatic weeds, etc. in the rice field. When the water temperature is lower than 12 ℃, feeding can be omitted. And after 3 months next year, when the water temperature rises to more than 16 ℃, feeding the feed according to the conditions of the aquatic weeds and the natural baits in the field, and feeding the plant feed for 1 time in the evening, wherein the feeding amount is 1-4% of the total weight of the shrimps in the rice field. The feed may be Mesona chinensis residue, cake, bran, testa oryzae, bean dregs, etc.

Meanwhile, the straws are returned to the field after the middle-season rice is harvested, the circular ditches are disinfected, and water is added after 7 days to submerge the surface of the field. Meanwhile, applying a proper amount of organic fertilizer and benthonic animal culture medium, and planting aquatic weeds to cultivate palatable natural bait organisms for the juvenile shrimps. The crayfish can well eat land plants such as immortal grass, Chinese cabbage, pumpkin, rape and the like, the three-dimensional space of the rice field is fully utilized, the feed source is provided for the crayfish to the maximum extent, and the breeding feed cost is saved.

The rice field management work during the overwintering period is mainly to control the water temperature of the rice field by increasing and decreasing the water level, so that the rice field environment is more suitable for the survival and breeding of crayfishes. The water level of the rice field before the crayfishes live through the winter (namely 10-11 months) is controlled to be about 20-30 cm, so that part of rice stubble can be regenerated, the situation that the growth of the crayfishes is influenced by over-fertilization and oxygen deficiency of the water quality of the rice field due to the fact that the crayfishes are completely submerged can be avoided, and meanwhile, the water temperature in the rice field can be improved through the action of sunlight, and the growth of the crayfishes is facilitated; during the winter period, the water level is increased for heat preservation, and the temperature is generally controlled to be more than 60 cm.

And step S905, the parent shrimps can be captured and listed after 11 months and before 3 months in the parent shrimp putting mode in 8-9 months. Long-term fishing and large-size fishing are important measures for reducing the cost and increasing the yield. The fishing tool is mainly a ground cage, the specification of meshes of the ground cage is 2.5-3.0 cm, only adult shrimps are captured, and young shrimps can run out through the meshes. The specification of the adult shrimps is preferably controlled to be more than 30 g/tail. When receiving the shrimp cage, should select the crayfish that catches, will reach the crayfish of commodity specification and choose, put into the paddy field with the juvenile shrimp at once to do not make the juvenile shrimp extrusion, avoid hindering the shrimp body. If the shrimp seeds are to be sold, fishing can be started in 3 months and ended in 4 months. The fishing time in the second season begins from the late 8 months to the end of the late 9 months.

If the seed is reserved from the second year, the self-reserved parent shrimps in the rice field are about 30 kg/mu. In the middle and late 5 months, when the yield of commercial shrimps in each ground cage is lower than 0.4kg, fishing is stopped. The remaining crayfish is used to breed parent shrimp.

In order to avoid the influence of close breeding of the crayfishes left in the field on the yield and economic benefit of rice field breeding and improve the breeding amount of the crayfish breeding seeds in the rice field, the crayfish parent exchange work can be carried out in 7-9 months after the crayfish breeding is carried out for 2-3 years. Generally, more than 40 g of large-size parent shrimps are selected from lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river or other culture areas and put into the rice field, and the putting amount is about 5 kg/mu.

Thus, the crayfish breeding process of the symbiotic breeding system of the mesona chinensis, the crayfish and the rice is completed.

The symbiotic cultivation system for the mesona chinensis, the crayfishes and the rice is used for cultivating the rice in the rice field cultivation area, cultivating the crayfishes in the annular ditch area and cultivating the mesona chinensis in the outer ridge area, so that the cyclic cultivation of the mesona chinensis, the crayfishes and the rice is realized, the cultivation quality of the crayfishes is improved, and the technical problem that the existing crayfish cultivation system is poor in cultivation quality of the crayfishes is effectively solved.

In summary, although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, the above-described preferred embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, therefore, the scope of the present invention shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a celestial grass, crayfish, rice symbiotic cultivation system which characterized in that includes:

the outer ridge area comprises outer ridges arranged around the circular trench area and is used for cultivating Mesona chinensis;

the annular ditch region is also internally provided with a water replenishing pipeline with the extending direction approximately vertical to the water flow direction of the annular ditch, and the water replenishing pipeline protrudes out of the bottom of the annular ditch and is used for replenishing aquaculture water in the annular ditch;

wherein the symbiotic cultivation system for the mesona chinensis, the crayfish and the rice further comprises a feeding area arranged between the adjacent water replenishing pipelines;

after the feeding operation is carried out in the feeding area, the water supplementing pipeline is used for supplementing water to the culture water in the circular trench;

the water replenishing pipeline comprises a pipe body, a first water outlet plate arranged at the top of the pipe body, a second water outlet plate arranged at the bottom of the pipe body and soil fixing parts arranged at two sides of the pipe body;

the water outlet plate is connected with the first water outlet pipe, and the second water outlet plate is connected with the second water outlet pipe;

the first water outlet plate comprises a first water inlet connected with the first pipe body water outlet, a first buffer channel used for carrying out buffer operation on top supplementing water and a first water outlet used for uniformly guiding the top supplementing water out of the top of the pipe body, and the first water outlet faces the top of the pipe body;

the second water outlet plate comprises a second water inlet connected with the second pipe body water outlet, a second buffer channel used for performing buffer operation on the bottom water replenishing and a second water outlet used for uniformly guiding the bottom water replenishing out of the bottom of the pipe body, and the second water outlet faces to the two sides of the pipe body.

2. The symbiotic cultivation system for Mesona chinensis, crayfish and rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outlet pipe is rotatably arranged near the bottom of the annular ditch so as to adjust the height of the outlet pipe.

3. The symbiotic cultivation system of celestial grass, crayfish and rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the escape-proof net is buried 10cm to 15cm underground, the top end of the escape-proof net is 40 cm to 50 cm higher than the plane of the outer ridge, and the escape-proof net is black oilcloth, a glass plate or asbestos tiles.

4. The symbiotic cultivation system for Mesona chinensis, crayfish and rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein a plurality of aquatic plant throwing areas are arranged in the annular ditch and used for throwing waterweed, hydrilla verticillata and alternanthera philoxeroides.

5. The fairy grass, crawfish and rice symbiotic cultivation system of claim 1, wherein the middle part of the circular ditch is further provided with a floating block which increases the inhabitation area of crawfish and is arranged at a set height in the circular ditch through a bracket or a floating anchor.