CN110859114A - Ecological comprehensive breeding method for rice field - Google Patents
Ecological comprehensive breeding method for rice field Download PDFInfo
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- CN110859114A CN110859114A CN201911142916.XA CN201911142916A CN110859114A CN 110859114 A CN110859114 A CN 110859114A CN 201911142916 A CN201911142916 A CN 201911142916A CN 110859114 A CN110859114 A CN 110859114A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/20—Culture of aquatic animals of zooplankton, e.g. water fleas or Rotatoria
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/60—Fishing; Aquaculture; Aquafarming
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a rice field ecological comprehensive breeding method, which comprises rice field reconstruction, ecological system establishment and rice field management, wherein crayfish holes are arranged manually, so that crayfish inhabit in winter, the hole digging consumption is reduced, the overwintering capacity is improved, a bridge is arranged between a rice field and a ridge, a user can conveniently enter the middle of the rice field to harvest, capture and fertilize, the ecological state of the rice field is in a balanced and stable state by establishing the ecological system, water plants are used for providing habitat for the crayfish and oxygen is provided by photosynthesis, pest impurities in the rice field are cleaned by the crayfish, mixed culture is matched, silver carp seeds are put in, the water quality is adjusted and the growth of the water plants is controlled, plankton and a floating bed are established, food and shady places are provided for the crayfish, aquatic vegetables are cultured on the floating bed for the user to eat, the economic benefit is improved, the water temperature is detected, and the water quality is managed in time, improve the ecological environment of the rice field and improve the output of the lobsters.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of paddy field cultivation, in particular to a paddy field ecological comprehensive cultivation method.
Background
The procambarus clarkii belongs to the class of the arthromyodynia, the class of the crustacean and the genus of the procambarus, also called crayfish, is delicious in meat flavor and rich in nutrition, is deeply loved by people, is a main variety for culturing the procambarus clarkii at present, is rapidly reduced in natural resources of the procambarus clarkii and gradually increased in price due to rapid increase of market demand in recent years, so that the market demand is met by culture of the artificial science, in order to consider economic benefit, the comprehensive intercropping scale and area of the rice field are rapidly increased at present, the conventional rice field culture promotes rapid growth of the lobsters through a large amount of feed, the meat quality of the lobsters is reduced, the water quality of the rice field is deteriorated, the ecological system of the rice field is damaged, and the yield of rice and the lobsters is influenced, so that a rice.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a rice field ecological comprehensive breeding method which can effectively solve the problems that the scale and the area of the existing rice field comprehensive breeding are rapidly increased, the lobsters are rapidly increased by putting a large amount of feed in the existing rice field breeding, the meat quality of the lobsters is reduced, the water quality of the rice field is deteriorated, the rice field ecological system is damaged, and the yield of the rice and the lobsters is influenced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a rice field ecological comprehensive breeding method comprises the following steps:
s1, rice field transformation:
(1) and ditching: annular ditches are dug inwards along the ridge areas of the rice field, the width of each annular ditch is 2-3 meters, the depth of each annular ditch is 1.5 meters, shrimp ditches are dug at the bottoms of the annular ditches, the width of each shrimp ditch is 1.5 meters, the depth of each shrimp ditch is 30 centimeters, ditches are dug in the central areas of the rice field, and the width of each ditch is 0.5-1 meter, and the depth of each ditch is 0.8 meter.
(2) Building a stem: and (3) using the excavated earthwork for reinforcing ridges, wherein the ridges are heightened by 0.8 m and widened by 0.8 m, the ridges are tamped, the gradient of the ridges is 1:2.5, escape-preventing nets are arranged around the ridges, and shrimp holes are uniformly arranged along the ridges.
(3) And (3) drainage and irrigation construction: adopt the high pattern of irritating low row, the inlet channel is built on the ridge in paddy field, the drain channel is built at the lower in paddy field, irrigate and arrange separately, inlet opening department excavates the filter-tank, the filter-tank length and width is 1 meter, and is 1 to 2 meters deeply, and the notch is piled up with the rubble and is encircleed, utilizes the rubble heap to filter into water, the inlet tube is located inside the filter-tank to from the inside water intaking of filter-tank, and 20 mesh fabrics for the inlet tube seal filtration are intake, the outlet port filters out water with 20 mesh fabrics.
(4) And road construction: and a road communicated with the central region of the rice field is piled between the ridge and the central region of the rice field by using the excavated earthwork, and a cement pipeline is arranged at the bottom of the road at the bottom of the annular ditch and is used for guiding the road and water flow to form a circular flow.
S2, ecological system establishment:
(1) and (3) preparation: adopting quicklime for sterilization, digging a plurality of small pits in a rice field, adding the quicklime, adding water for dissolution, sprinkling in the whole pool while the water is hot, adding water after 6 to 8 days, and putting decomposed farmyard manure.
(2) Planting aquatic weeds: planting submerged plants in the annular ditch and the field ditch, wherein the submerged plants comprise Yile algae, bitter herbs and leaf blade black algae, floating beds are arranged at four corners of the annular ditch, the floating beds are made of bamboos and fixed by an outer frame, screen cloth is arranged in the center area of the bamboo frame, and aquatic vegetables are planted on the screen cloth and comprise water spinach and crowndaisy chrysanthemum.
(3) And bait throwing: culturing zooplankton, putting in cladocera plankton, and putting in bait, wherein the bait comprises tubificidae, snails and mussels, and is put in along the shrimp ditch, and the putting amount is 60-80 kg per mu.
(4) And putting the shrimp larvae: the shrimp fries with regular specification, no diseases or injuries, bright body color, same pigment, healthy limbs and strong physique are selected, the shrimp fries are soaked in 3 percent of salt solution for 10 minutes before stocking, stocking is carried out in a cool time in the morning or at night, and stocking density is 1 ten thousand per mu.
(5) Matching and polyculturing: 100 silver carp seeds with the specification of 100 grams per each mu are put in and bred.
(6) And (3) planting rice, namely planting the rice in the central area of the rice field, selecting lodging-resistant varieties and planting by adopting no-tillage seedling throwing.
S3, rice field management:
(1) and water quality management: checking water temperature, arranging water temperature meters in a field ditch and an annular ditch to detect the water temperature state, reducing the water level when the water temperature is lower in the early stage, raising the water temperature as soon as possible by utilizing the irradiation of sunlight, increasing the water level to be more than 0.8 meter when the water temperature is higher in the middle stage, beginning to lower the water temperature in the later stage, increasing the water level to be more than 1 meter when the water temperature is ensured, increasing the number of floating beds in the annular ditch at high temperature in summer, not connecting sheets between the floating beds, ensuring that the area occupied by the floating beds is not more than one fifth of the area of the annular ditch, injecting new water at proper time, ensuring that the introduced water temperature is close to the water temperature of the rice field by water injection of the rice field, arranging and irrigating at the same time when.
(2) And ecological system management: and (3) inspecting the rice field, observing the condition of the water weeds, if the water weeds are too numerous, properly cutting off a part of the water weeds in the exuviation period of the crayfishes, if the water weeds grow poorly, putting submerged plants, and when the submerged plants are submerged in water by a method of bundling and piling, observing the condition of the zooplankton, topdressing when the zooplankton on the water surface of the rice field can not be conglobated by naked eyes, putting decomposed cow dung, culturing the zooplankton, and topdressing once every fifteen days.
(3) And fishing: the fishing adopts a large-size fishing mode, the fishing is carried out by arranging a ground cage net in the annular ditch, and the drainage fishing is carried out in the field ditch, so that the central area of the rice field is higher than the water level of the annular ditch.
Preferably, in the step S1, an annular trench is dug inwards along the field ridge region, and the area of the annular trench accounts for seven percent of the area of the field.
Preferably, in the step S1, shrimp holes are uniformly distributed along the ridge for 30 cm at the position facing the sun when the water temperature is lower in winter, and the method is to insert a stick at 45 ° on the upper and lower sides of the water level along the slope.
Preferably, in step S1, a road communicating the central region of the rice field is built between the ridge and the central region of the rice field by using the excavated earthwork, the width of the road is more than 4 m, the bottom of the road is reinforced by using crushed stones, the edge of the road is tamped by using soil, and the position of the road is arranged at a place far away from the irrigation and drainage facilities.
Preferably, in step S1, the filter tank is excavated to water inlet department, and the filter tank length and width is 1 meter, and is 1 to 2 meters deep, and the notch is piled up with the rubble and is encircleed, utilizes the rubble heap to filter into water, and the inlet tube is located inside the filter tank to from the inside water intaking of filter tank, wherein, when high temperature in summer, carry the well water to inside the filter tank, as the water supply, reduce paddy field temperature.
Preferably, in step S2, quicklime is used for sterilization, a plurality of small pits are dug in the rice field, quicklime is added, water is added to dissolve the quicklime, the quicklime is sprinkled in the whole pool when the quicklime is hot, the quantity of the quicklime is 60 kg per mu, thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure and farmyard manure sources are added, rice straws of the rice field and excrements of livestock and poultry are added, and the rice straws are fermented in a stacking manner.
Preferably, in the step S2, the shrimp seeds are thrown in, an inclined plate or a slope is arranged on one side of the ridge, and the disinfected shrimp seeds are poured on the slope close to the water surface or on a wood plate together with water, so that the shrimp seeds can freely climb into the water and cannot climb into the water or climb into the water slowly to be eliminated.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention has scientific and reasonable structure, safe and convenient use, heightening, reinforcing, protecting and treating the edges of the ridges, plugging the mouse hole and the snake hole, avoiding the loss of lobsters, laying the shrimp holes manually, facilitating the inhabitation of the crayfish in winter, reducing the hole digging consumption, improving the overwintering capacity, arranging a bridge between the rice field and the ridges, facilitating the users to enter the middle of the rice field for harvesting, catching the shrimps and fertilizing, leading the ecology of the rice field to be in a balanced and stable state by establishing an ecological system, providing inhabitation and production facilities for the lobsters and providing oxygen by photosynthesis of the water plants, cleaning pest and impurities in the rice field by using the lobsters, matching and mixed culture, putting silver carp seeds, adjusting the water quality and controlling the growth of the water plants, establishing plankton and a floating bed, providing food and shading places for the lobsters, and culturing aquatic vegetables on the floating bed for the users to eat, the economic benefit is improved, the water temperature is detected, the water quality is managed in time, the ecological environment of the rice field is improved, the rice field ecology keeps lasting and good balance, and the yield of the rice and the lobsters is improved.
Detailed Description
The following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided for the purpose of illustration and description, and is in no way intended to limit the invention.
Example (b): the invention provides a technical scheme, and a rice field ecological comprehensive breeding method comprises the following steps:
s1, rice field transformation, including ditching, building peduncle, irrigation and drainage construction and road construction, ditching: the method comprises the following steps of (1) inwards excavating an annular ditch along a ridge region of a rice field, wherein the width of the annular ditch is 2.5 meters, the depth of the annular ditch is 1.5 meters, the bottom of the annular ditch is excavated, the width of the shrimp ditch is 1.5 meters, the depth of the shrimp ditch is 30 centimeters, excavating a furrow in a central region of the rice field, the width of the furrow is 0.8 meters, and the depth of the furrow is 0.8 meters, wherein the annular ditch is inwards excavated along the ridge region of the rice field, the area of the annular ditch accounts for seven percent of the area of the rice field; building a stalk: the earthwork of the trench is used for reinforcing ridges, wherein the ridges are heightened by 0.8 m and widened by 0.8 m, the ridges are tamped, the gradient of the ridges is 1:2.5, escape-preventing nets are distributed around the ridges, shrimp holes are uniformly distributed along the ridges, the positions of the shrimp holes are positioned on the side facing the sun when the water temperature is lower in winter, and the method is characterized in that a wooden stick is inserted by 30 cm into the water level line at an angle of 45 degrees along the slope surface from top to bottom, so that the lobsters can conveniently enter and inhabit to prepare for overwintering, and the nutrition loss caused by self-digging holes is reduced; and (3) drainage and irrigation construction: adopting a pattern of high irrigation and low drainage, establishing a water inlet channel on a ridge of the rice field, establishing a drainage channel at the lowest part of the rice field, separating irrigation and drainage, excavating a filter tank at the water inlet, wherein the length and the width of the filter tank are 1 meter and the depth is 1.5 meters, the notch is surrounded by gravel pile, the water inlet is filtered by the gravel pile, the water inlet pipe is positioned in the filter tank and takes water from the filter tank, the water inlet pipe is sealed by 20 meshes of mesh cloth to filter inlet water, the water outlet is filtered by 20 meshes of mesh cloth to filter outlet water, wherein, a filter tank is dug at the water inlet, the length and the width of the filter tank are both 1 meter, the depth is 1 to 2 meters, the notch is surrounded by gravel pile, the water inlet pipe is positioned in the filter tank and takes water from the interior of the filter tank by utilizing the gravel pile to filter the water, wherein, in high temperature in summer, well water is conveyed into the filter tank to be used as a water supply source, so that the water temperature in the rice field is reduced, and the water temperature is kept normal; road construction: a road communicated with the central region of the rice field is built between the ridge and the central region of the rice field by using excavated earthwork, a cement pipeline is arranged at the position, located at the bottom of the annular ditch, of the bottom of the road and is used for guiding a passage way and guiding water flow to form a circular flow, wherein the road communicated with the central region of the rice field is built between the ridge and the central region of the rice field by using the excavated earthwork, the width of the road is larger than 4 meters, the bottom of the road is reinforced by using broken stones, the edge of the road is tamped by using soil, a user can conveniently enter the center of the rice field to harvest, capture shrimps and fertilize, and the position of the road is arranged at a place far away from a drainage and irrigation facility, so that erosion to.
S2, ecological system establishment: the method comprises the following steps of preparation, aquatic weed planting, bait throwing, shrimp fry throwing, rice planting and rice planting, and preparation: adopting quicklime for sterilization, digging a plurality of small pits in a rice field, putting the quicklime into the pits, adding water for dissolution, sprinkling the hot whole pool, adding water after 7 days, and throwing decomposed farmyard manure, wherein the quicklime is adopted for sterilization, the small pits are dug in the rice field, the quicklime is put into the hot whole pool, the decomposed farmyard manure and the farmyard manure are thrown into the hot whole pool after the water is dissolved, the quantity of the quicklime is 60 kg per mu, the straws in the rice field and the excrements of livestock and poultry are fermented in a stacking mode, so that the rice field is more fertile, and the yield is increased; planting aquatic weeds: planting submerged plants in the annular ditch and the field ditch, wherein the submerged plants comprise waterweeds, bitter herbs and hydrilla verticillata, floating beds are arranged at four corners of the annular ditch, the floating beds are made into outer frames through bamboos and fixed, screen cloth is arranged in the center area of the bamboo frame, aquatic vegetables are planted on the screen cloth, the aquatic vegetables comprise water spinach and crowndaisy chrysanthemum, and the submerged plants can also be planted on the screen cloth according to requirements, and comprise water peanuts and water hyacinth; bait throwing: culturing zooplankton, putting in cladocera plankton, and putting in baits, wherein the baits comprise tubificidae, snails and clams and are put in along the shrimp ditch, and the putting amount is 65 kilograms per mu; and (3) putting the shrimp larvae: selecting shrimp seeds with regular specification, no disease or injury, bright body color, same pigment, healthy limbs and strong physique, soaking the shrimp seeds in 3% saline water for 10 minutes before stocking, stocking in the cool time in the morning or at night, stocking at the density of 1 ten thousand per mu, putting the shrimp seeds in the pond, arranging an inclined plate or a slope at one side of a ridge, pouring the disinfected shrimp seeds on the slope close to the water surface or on a wood plate, allowing the shrimp seeds to freely climb into the water, avoiding the shrimp seeds from climbing or climbing slowly, increasing the quality of the shrimp seeds and improving the quality of the shrimps; matching and polyculture: putting 100 silver carp seeds which are bred per mu and have the specification of 100 grams per fish; and (3) planting rice, namely planting the rice in the central area of the rice field, selecting lodging-resistant varieties and planting by adopting no-tillage seedling throwing.
S3, rice field management: comprises water quality management, ecosystem management and fishing: checking water temperature, namely setting water temperature meters in a field ditch and an annular ditch to detect the water temperature state, reducing the water level when the early-stage water temperature is low, raising the water temperature as soon as possible by utilizing the irradiation of sunlight, increasing the water level to 1 meter when the middle-stage water temperature is high, beginning to reduce the later-stage water temperature, increasing the water level to 1.2 meters to ensure the temperature of the water temperature, increasing the number of floating beds in the annular ditch at high temperature in summer, ensuring that the floating beds are not connected, ensuring that the occupied area of the floating beds is not more than one fifth of the area of the annular ditch, injecting new water at proper time, keeping the introduced water temperature of a water injection rice field close to the water temperature of the rice field, and draining and irrigating the water in the annular ditch at the same time; and (3) ecological system management: inspecting the rice field, observing the condition of the water weeds, if the water weeds are too numerous, properly cutting off a part of the water weeds in the exuviation period of the crayfish, if the water weeds are poor in growth, putting submerged plants, and observing the condition of the floating animals by adopting a method of bundling, piling and sinking the submerged plants into water; fishing: the fishing adopts a large-size fishing mode, the fishing is carried out by arranging a ground cage net in the annular ditch, and the drainage fishing is carried out in the field ditch, so that the central area of the rice field is higher than the water level of the annular ditch.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A rice field ecological comprehensive breeding method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, rice field transformation:
(1) and ditching: annular ditches are dug inwards along the ridge areas of the rice field, the width of each annular ditch is 2-3 meters, the depth of each annular ditch is 1.5 meters, shrimp ditches are dug at the bottoms of the annular ditches, the width of each shrimp ditch is 1.5 meters, the depth of each shrimp ditch is 30 centimeters, ditches are dug in the central areas of the rice field, and the width of each ditch is 0.5-1 meter, and the depth of each ditch is 0.8 meter.
(2) Building a stem: and (3) using the excavated earthwork for reinforcing ridges, wherein the ridges are heightened by 0.8 m and widened by 0.8 m, the ridges are tamped, the gradient of the ridges is 1:2.5, escape-preventing nets are arranged around the ridges, and shrimp holes are uniformly arranged along the ridges.
(3) And (3) drainage and irrigation construction: adopt the height to irritate the low pattern of arranging, the inlet channel is built on the ridge in paddy field, the drain channel is built at the lower in paddy field, it separately to irrigate and drain, inlet opening department excavates the filter-tank, the filter-tank length and width is 1 meter, and is 1 to 2 meters deeply, and the notch is piled up with the rubble and is encircleed, utilizes the rubble heap to filter and intake, the inlet tube is located inside the filter-tank to from the inside water intaking of filter-tank, and the inlet tube is with 20 mesh screen cloth sealed filtration intake, 20 mesh screen cloth filtration play water for the outlet.
(4) And road construction: and a road communicated with the central region of the rice field is piled between the ridge and the central region of the rice field by using the excavated earthwork, and a cement pipeline is arranged at the bottom of the road at the bottom of the annular ditch and is used for guiding the road and water flow to form a circular flow.
S2, ecological system establishment:
(1) and (3) preparation: adopting quicklime for sterilization, digging a plurality of small pits in a rice field, adding quicklime, adding water for dissolution, sprinkling in the whole pool while the water is hot, adding water after 6 to 8 days, and putting decomposed farmyard manure.
(2) Planting aquatic weeds: planting submerged plants in the annular ditch and the field ditch, wherein the submerged plants comprise waterweeds, bitter herbs and hydrilla verticillata, floating beds are arranged at four corners of the annular ditch, the floating beds are made into outer frames through bamboos and fixed, screen cloth is arranged in the center area of the bamboo frame, and aquatic vegetables are planted on the screen cloth and comprise water spinach and crowndaisy chrysanthemum.
(3) And bait throwing: culturing zooplankton, putting in cladocera plankton, and putting in bait, wherein the bait comprises tubificidae, snails and mussels, and is put in along the shrimp ditch, and the putting amount is 60-80 kg per mu.
(4) And putting the shrimp larvae: the shrimp fries with regular specification, no diseases or injuries, bright body color, same pigment, healthy limbs and strong physique are selected, the shrimp fries are soaked in 3 percent of salt solution for 10 minutes before stocking, stocking is carried out in the morning or at night in a cool and refreshing time, and stocking density is 1 ten thousand of shrimps per mu.
(5) Matching and polyculturing: 100 silver carp seeds with the specification of 100 grams per each mu are put in and bred.
(6) And (3) planting rice, namely planting the rice in the central area of the rice field, selecting lodging-resistant varieties and planting by adopting no-tillage seedling throwing.
S3, rice field management:
(1) and water quality management: checking water temperature, arranging water temperature meters in a field ditch and an annular ditch to detect the water temperature state, reducing the water level when the water temperature is lower in the early stage, raising the water temperature as soon as possible by utilizing the irradiation of sunlight, increasing the water level to be more than 0.8 meter when the water temperature is higher in the middle stage, beginning to lower the water temperature in the later stage, increasing the water level to be more than 1 meter when the water temperature is ensured, increasing the number of floating beds in the annular ditch at high temperature in summer, not connecting the floating beds, ensuring that the occupied area of the floating beds is not more than one fifth of the area of the annular ditch, injecting new water at proper time, injecting water into the rice field to keep the introduced water temperature close to the water temperature of the rice field, discharging and injecting water while injecting water, and keeping.
(2) And ecological system management: and (3) inspecting the rice field, observing the condition of the water weeds, if the water weeds are too numerous, properly cutting off a part of the water weeds in the exuviation period of the crayfishes, if the water weeds are poor in growth, putting submerged plants, and observing the condition of the zooplanktons by adopting a method of bundling and sinking the submerged plants into water.
(3) And fishing: the fishing adopts a large-size fishing mode, the fishing is carried out by arranging a ground cage net in the annular ditch, and the drainage fishing is carried out in the field ditch, so that the central area of the rice field is higher than the water level of the annular ditch.
2. The rice field ecological comprehensive culture method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S1, an annular trench is dug inward along the field ridge region, and the area of the annular trench accounts for seven percent of the area of the field.
3. The rice field ecological comprehensive culture method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S1, shrimp holes are evenly distributed along the ridges, and when the water temperature is lower in winter, the shrimp holes are positioned on the side facing the sun, and the method is to insert 30 cm of pencils into the upper and lower edges of the water level at an angle of 45 degrees along the slope.
4. The rice field ecological comprehensive culture method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the step S1, a road communicated with the central region of the rice field is built between the ridge and the central region of the rice field by using the excavated earthwork, the width of the road is more than 4 m, the bottom of the road is reinforced by broken stones, the edge of the road is tamped by soil, and the position of the road is arranged at a place far away from the drainage and irrigation facilities.
5. The rice field ecological comprehensive culture method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S1, the filter tank is excavated at the water inlet, the filter tank is 1 meter long and wide and 1 to 2 meters deep, the notch is surrounded by gravel piles, water is filtered by the gravel piles, the water inlet pipe is positioned inside the filter tank and takes water from the inside of the filter tank, and when the temperature is high in summer, well water is conveyed to the inside of the filter tank as a water supply source to reduce the water temperature of the rice field.
6. The rice field ecological comprehensive culture method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S2, quicklime is adopted for sterilization, a plurality of small pits are dug in the rice field, the quicklime is added, water is added for dissolution, and then the mixture is splashed in the whole pool while the mixture is hot, wherein the quantity of the quicklime is 60 kilograms per mu, decomposed farmyard manure and farmyard manure sources are added, rice straws in the rice field and excrement of livestock and poultry are fermented in a stacking mode.
7. The rice field ecological comprehensive culture method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S2, shrimp seeds are thrown in, an inclined plate or a slope is arranged on one side of the ridge, and the disinfected shrimp seeds are poured on the slope close to the water surface or on a wood plate together with water to freely climb into the water and cannot climb into or slowly climb into the water to be eliminated.
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