CN110800575A - Ecological circulating breeding method for lobsters in rice field - Google Patents
Ecological circulating breeding method for lobsters in rice field Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/51—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of gastropods, e.g. abalones or turban snails
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological cycle breeding method for lobsters in a rice field, which belongs to the technical field of crayfish breeding and comprises the steps of rice field transformation, disinfection and fertilization, snail feeding and rice and crayfish harvesting, wherein rice stakes with a certain height are required to be left for rice when rice is harvested, the reserved rice stakes are turned green to provide a shady-avoiding place and a natural bait source for defective shrimps, the crayfish is sorted when caught, substandard crayfish, finless eel and loach are placed in the rice field to develop continuously, other captured aquatic animals are also placed in the rice field to ensure the biological diversity of the rice field and ensure the ecological balance, finally the field is raised, the disinfection and fertilization process is carried out in the rice field again after the field raising is finished, the time of the whole cycle breeding is 3 years, namely the rice field transformation is carried out again after three years, the rice field is only required to be transformed and turned over once in the three-year cycle breeding process, the labor intensity of the rice field managers is reduced, and meanwhile, the income of the rice field managers is greatly increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crayfish breeding, in particular to an ecological cycle breeding method for rice field lobsters.
Background
The crayfish belongs to the lobster family of the decapod order of the Crustacea of the arthropoda, has thicker head and chest, hard shell and delicious meat quality, and is a low-fat, low-cholesterol and high-protein nutritional nourishing food. The freshwater lobster has the characteristics of large body size, fat and beautiful meat quality, short growth cycle, high yield and strong adaptability to food and impurity, and is particularly suitable for artificial commercial culture.
A large number of paddy fields are distributed in middle and low mountainous areas and hilly areas in China, and the paddy fields generally have sufficient water sources, good water quality and convenient drainage and irrigation. Meanwhile, the organic matters in the water areas are rich, the size of a single paddy field is proper, and the cultivation of the crayfish in the paddy field becomes an important crayfish cultivation means in the prior art. The crayfish in the rice field can live in the water pool, the crayfish can climb to the field side to prey and freely move, the existing rice field crayfish breeding method basically plants rice and breeds crayfish once a year, the rice and the crayfish cannot be perfectly coordinated, the captured crayfish has defective crayfish to a certain degree and cannot enter the market, the land is frequently cultivated, the original animal in the land is lost, the biological diversity is poor, meanwhile, the existing rice field crayfish breeding method is not scientific, the input of the crayfish in unit yield is too high, and the labor required to be consumed is too much.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ecological circulating breeding method for rice field lobsters, which has the effects of ensuring the biological diversity of the rice field, ensuring the ecological balance, reducing the labor intensity and increasing the income so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
an ecological cycle breeding method for rice field lobsters comprises the following steps:
s1: rice field transformation; firstly, excavating a U-shaped shrimp culturing ditch along the periphery of a rice field to form a rice planting area in the center of the rice field, wherein the width of the bottom of the shrimp culturing ditch is 2-3m, the depth of the shrimp culturing ditch is 1-1.2 m, soil is piled on the outer side of the shrimp culturing ditch to form a peripheral ridge, a fence is arranged on the outer side of the peripheral ridge, the lower end of the fence is embedded into the soil by 25cm, the upper part of the fence is 55-60cm higher than the peripheral ridge, and the fence forms an angle of 90 degrees with the bottom surface; the center of the rice planting area is piled up with soil to form a center ridge, the height of the center ridge is higher than that of the rice field, the pile height of the center ridge is 50-60 cm, the gradient of the center ridge is controlled at 150 degrees, the area ratio of the shrimp culture ditch to the rice planting area of the rice field after transformation is 1: 3-4, and meanwhile, an anti-escape net is arranged at a drainage outlet of the rice field;
s2: sterilizing and fertilizing; spreading quicklime into the rice field according to the proportion of 30-35 kg/mu for disinfection, placing for 3-5 days, then injecting water into the shrimp culture ditch to the water level of 65-70cm, spreading farmyard manure on water neutralized soil according to the proportion of 600-700 kg/mu after water injection, placing for 5 days, and then planting waterweeds in the shrimp culture ditch;
s3: throwing snails; planting rice seedlings in a rice planting area in late April, waiting for a period of time, observing whether the seedlings are stable, and then throwing the spiral shells, wherein the throwing amount of the spiral shells is controlled to be 50-70 kg/mu;
s4: putting shrimp larvae; putting juvenile shrimps with the body length of 3-4cm into the shrimp culture ditches according to the volume of 4500-6000 shrimps per mu;
s5: daily management; feeding the shrimp larvae with special feed every 10 days at a rate of 15-20 kg/mu; after two months, feeding the special feed every twenty days at a rate of 40-50 kg/mu; when the feed is fed, the pest and disease damage control needs to be timely carried out, the rice field and the ditch need to be frequently patrolled, the condition that whether the crayfish escapes from the blind hole or not is observed, the water quality of the rice field is observed, particularly, the water quality needs to be kept fresh in summer, dissolved oxygen is sufficient, water is changed once a week, 1/3 water is changed every time, the transparency of the water in the shrimp culture ditch is kept at 30-35 cm, and quicklime is splashed once every 12-15 days;
s6: harvesting rice; harvesting the paddy after the paddy is mature, wherein the paddy needs to be left with paddy piles of a certain height when the paddy is harvested, and the height of the left paddy piles is controlled to be 20-30 cm;
s7: catching commercial shrimps; irrigating water for the shrimp culturing ditch after rice is harvested, so that finished crayfishes can be conveniently harvested, wherein the crayfishes are harvested by ground cages, the ground cages with the length of 10-20 meters and the number of grids of 20-30 are selected, and then the ground cages are uniformly placed in the shrimp culturing ditch;
s8: capturing and sorting; the ground cage in the S7 can capture a great amount of crayfishes and other aquatic animals, such as finless eels and loaches, wherein the crayfishes with the sizes and the weights meeting the standard of the commercial shrimps are selected and placed in special pots for the commercial shrimps, the crayfishes with the sizes and the weights not meeting the standard of the commercial shrimps are placed in defective shrimp pots, the finless eels and the loaches are sequentially placed in the finless eel pots and the loach pots, and the remaining aquatic animals, such as frog crabs and the like, in the ground cage are placed in the rice field again;
s9: raising the field; after the lobsters are captured, proper fertilization is needed to promote the turning green of the rice stakes, defective shrimps in the defective shrimp basin in the S8 are placed in the rice field again after the rice stakes are turned green, and the turning green of the rice stakes can provide a shade-avoiding place and a natural bait source for the defective shrimps.
Preferably, the height of the outer ridge in the transformation of the S1 paddy field is consistent with that of the central ridge, and a trestle is arranged between the central ridge and the outer ridge.
Preferably, the filling soil required by the outer ridge in the S1 paddy field transformation is soil dug out from the shrimp culture ditch.
Preferably, in the step of S8 capturing and sorting, the rice field eels and the loaches in the rice field eels and the loaches need to be sorted, the rice field eels and the loaches with standard sizes are sold in the market, and the rice field eels and the loaches with standard sizes are put in the rice field.
Preferably, after the S9 field cultivation is finished, the S2 sterile fertilization is carried out in the rice field again, the whole cycle cultivation time is 3 years, namely the S1 rice field transformation is carried out again after three years.
Preferably, the S4 shrimp larvae are washed with 3-5% salt solution before being released, so that the S4 shrimp larvae are used for sterilizing the shrimps.
Preferably, after the aquatic weeds are planted in the S2 disinfection fertilization, a certain amount of live EM bacteria liquid can be applied to the shrimp culture ditches.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the ecological cycle breeding method for the paddy field lobsters, rice piles with a certain height need to be reserved for the rice when the rice is harvested, and the reserved rice piles are turned green to provide a shady-avoiding place and a natural bait source for defective shrimps.
2. According to the ecological circulating breeding method for the lobsters in the rice field, the lobsters need to be sorted when being caught, the substandard lobsters, finless eels and loaches are placed in the rice field and can be developed continuously, and meanwhile, other captured aquatic animals can also be placed in the rice field, so that the biological diversity of the rice field is ensured, and the ecological balance is ensured.
3. According to the ecological circulating breeding method for the lobsters in the rice field, after the breeding is finished, the disinfection and fertilization process is carried out in the rice field again, the whole circulating breeding time is 3 years, namely the rice field is reformed again after three years, in the three-year circulating breeding process, the rice field only needs to be reformed and turned once, the labor intensity of rice field managers is reduced, meanwhile, the income of the rice field managers is greatly increased, the ecological circulating breeding method for the lobsters in the rice field is very suitable for rural areas with scarce labor force, and a single rice field manager can manage a plurality of rice fields simultaneously.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to the attached figure 1, the rice field lobster ecological cycle breeding method comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: rice field transformation; firstly, excavating U-shaped shrimp culturing ditches along the periphery of a rice field to form a rice planting area in the center of the rice field, wherein the shrimp culturing ditches surround the outer side of the rice planting area, the bottom of each shrimp culturing ditch is 2m wide, the ditch depth is 1m, soil is piled and built into an outer surrounding ridge on the outer side of each shrimp culturing ditch, the soil required by the outer surrounding ridge is filled with soil dug out of the shrimp culturing ditches, so that the problem that the excavated soil of the shrimp culturing ditches cannot be stored is solved, meanwhile, the soil in the rice field is ensured to be still in the range of the rice field, fertile soil is prevented from being lost, enclosing blocks are arranged on the outer sides of the outer surrounding ridges, the lower ends of the enclosing blocks are buried into the soil by 25cm, the upper parts of the enclosing blocks are 55cm higher than the outer surrounding ridges, the enclosing blocks form an angle of 90 degrees with the bottom surface, and are used; the central ridge is piled up with 50 cm height, the gradient of the central ridge is controlled at 120 degrees, the height of the peripheral ridge is consistent with that of the central ridge, a trestle is arranged between the central ridge and the peripheral ridge, a rice field manager can conveniently patrol the rice field after the trestle is arranged, the rice field manager can conveniently manage the rice field, the area ratio of the shrimp culture ditch to the rice planting area is 1:4, the area ratio of the shrimp culture ditch to the rice planting area of the whole rice field is reasonable, normal rice planting is guaranteed, profit can be obtained from cultured crayfishes, and meanwhile, an escape-preventing net is arranged at a drainage port of the rice field to prevent the crayfishes from escaping from the drainage port;
the second step is that: sterilizing and fertilizing; spreading quicklime into a rice field according to 30 kg/mu for sterilization, thus eliminating bad bacteria in the rice field, ensuring the normal growth of rice and crayfish, placing for 5 days after sterilization, then injecting water into a crayfish cultivation ditch to reach the water level of 70cm, spreading farmyard manure on water and soil according to 700 kg/mu after injecting water, placing for 5 days, then planting water plants in the crayfish cultivation ditch, using the water plants planted in advance to provide food for the crayfish, applying a certain amount of live EM bacteria liquid into the crayfish cultivation ditch after planting the water plants, and using the live EM bacteria liquid to stimulate the growth of bacteria in water;
the third step: throwing snails; planting rice seedlings in a rice planting area in the late April, waiting for a period of time, observing whether the seedlings are stable, and then putting in spiral shells, wherein the putting amount of the spiral shells is controlled to be 50 kg/mu, the spiral shells play a role in purifying impurities in water, and ensure that the spiral shells can be used as food for crayfishes in the shrimp farming ditch;
the fourth step: putting shrimp larvae; when the aquatic weeds are produced for a certain period of time, after the snails develop normally, young shrimps with the body length of about 3cm are thrown into the shrimp culture ditch according to 6000 tails/mu, and the young shrimps are washed by salt solution before being thrown, so that the aquatic weeds are used for disinfecting the young shrimps;
the fifth step: daily management; feeding the shrimp larvae with special feed every 10 days at a rate of 15 kg/mu; the individual of the young crayfish is small in the initial stage, the feeding amount is small, the special feed is fed every twenty days at 40 kg/mu, the crayfish can eat the special feed and the aquatic weeds and the snails at the same time after the crayfish eats the special feed, the food nutrition of the crayfish is balanced, and the crayfish can grow rapidly; when the feed is fed, the pest and disease damage control of the crayfish needs to be timely carried out, the rice field and the ditch need to be frequently patrolled, the situation that whether the crayfish escapes from a blind hole or not is observed, the water quality of the rice field is observed, particularly, the water quality needs to be kept fresh in summer, dissolved oxygen is sufficient, water is changed once a week, 1/3 water is changed every time, the transparency of the water in the shrimp culture ditch is kept at 35cm, quicklime is splashed once every 15 days for disinfection, the temperature of the water in the shrimp culture ditch in summer is increased, and harmful bacteria in the water need to be timely treated;
and a sixth step: harvesting rice; after the rice is ripe, harvesting the rice, wherein a rice stake with a certain height needs to be left for the rice when the rice is harvested, the height of the left rice stake is controlled to be 20 cm, and the reserved rice stake is turned green to provide a shady place and a natural bait source for defective shrimps;
the seventh step: catching commercial shrimps; after the rice is harvested, watering the shrimp culturing ditch, so that finished crayfishes can be conveniently collected, wherein the crayfishes are caught by ground cages, the ground cages with the length of 10 meters and the number of 20 lattices are selected, and then the ground cages are uniformly placed in the shrimp culturing ditch;
eighth step: capturing and sorting; seventhly, the ground cage catches a great amount of crayfishes and other aquatic animals such as finless eels and loaches, wherein the crayfishes with the sizes and the weights meeting the standard of the commercial shrimps are selected and placed in special pots for the commercial shrimps, the qualified crayfishes are used for selling, the crayfishes with the sizes and the weights not meeting the standard of the commercial shrimps are placed in defective shrimp pots, the defective shrimps need to be raised again, the finless eels and the loaches are sequentially placed in the finless eel pots and the loach pots, the finless eels and the loaches in the finless eel pots and the loaches need to be separated, the finless eels and the loaches with the sizes meeting the standards are placed in a market for selling, the overall profit capacity of the rice field can be further improved, the finless eels and the loaches with the sizes meeting the standards are placed in the rice field, ecological balance and sustainable development are achieved, and some remaining aquatic animals such as the crabs and the like the rice field are placed in the rice field again, ecological balance is ensured;
the ninth step: raising the field; after the lobsters are captured, appropriate fertilization is needed, the rice stakes are promoted to turn green, defective shrimps in defective shrimp pots in the eighth step are placed in the rice field again after the rice stakes turn green, the rice stakes turn green to provide a shady place and a natural bait source for the defective shrimps, after field cultivation is finished, disinfection and fertilization are performed in the rice field again, the whole circular cultivation time is 3 years, namely, the first step of rice field reconstruction is performed again after three years, the field cultivation is used for reactivating the fertility of the rice field, in the three-year circular cultivation process, the rice field is only required to be reconstructed and turned once, and the labor intensity of farmers is reduced.
The ecological circulating breeding method for the lobsters in the rice field comprises the steps of firstly carrying out rice field transformation, namely digging U-shaped shrimp culture ditches along the periphery of the rice field to enable the center of the rice field to form a rice planting area, building a peripheral ridge by using soil dug by the shrimp culture ditches, installing a fence outside the peripheral ridge, wherein the fence is used for preventing the crayfishes from escaping and preventing external species from invading, building a central ridge at the center of the rice planting area by piling soil, installing a plank road between the central ridge and the peripheral ridge, and enabling managers to conveniently manage the rice field by installing the plank road; then, sterilizing and fertilizing the rice field, so as to eliminate bad bacteria in the rice field, then planting water plants in the shrimp culture ditches, and simultaneously applying a certain amount of live EM (effective microorganisms) bacteria liquid for stimulating the growth of bacteria in water in the shrimp culture ditches; throwing in snails, wherein the snails are thrown in after seedlings are stable, and the snails can not purify impurities in water and can also be used as food of crayfishes; then putting shrimp seeds into the shrimp culturing ditch, and washing the young shrimps by using salt solution before putting the shrimp seeds, so as to disinfect the young shrimps; then daily management is carried out, the special feed needs to be fed in time during the daily management, the crayfish can eat waterweeds and snails while eating the special feed, the food nutrition of the crayfish is balanced, the crayfish can grow rapidly, the control of plant diseases and insect pests of the crayfish needs to be done in time while feeding the feed, then rice is harvested, a rice stub with a certain height needs to be left for the rice when the rice is harvested, and the reserved rice stub is turned green to provide a shady place and a natural bait source for defective shrimps; then, catching commercial shrimps, firstly watering the shrimp feeding ditch, and then capturing crayfish through a ground cage; sorting the harvest of the ground cages, wherein the crayfishes meeting the standard of commercial shrimps are selected and sold, the crayfishes not meeting the standard of the commercial shrimps need to be raised again, the finless eels and the loaches in the ground cages need to be sorted, the finless eels and the loaches with the standard sizes are placed in the market for sale, the overall profitability can be further improved, the finless eels and the loaches with the unqualified sizes are placed in the rice field, ecological balance and sustainable development are achieved, and of course, some residual aquatic animals such as frogs, crabs and the like in the ground cages are placed in the rice field again, the biological diversity of the rice field is guaranteed, and the ecological balance is guaranteed; and finally, raising the field, after the lobsters are captured, applying fertilizer properly to promote the rice stakes to turn green, wherein the rice stakes turn green to provide a shade-avoiding place and a natural bait source for defective shrimps, after the field raising is finished, performing a disinfection and fertilization process in the rice field again, wherein the time of the whole circular raising is 3 years, namely the rice field is reformed again after three years, the field raising has the effect of reactivating the fertility of the rice field, in the three-year circular raising process, the rice field is only reformed and turned once, the labor intensity of rice field managers is reduced, the income of the rice field managers is greatly increased, the ecological circular raising method for the lobsters in the whole rice field is very suitable for rural areas with scarce labor force, and a single rice field manager can manage a plurality of rice fields simultaneously.
In summary, the ecological cycle breeding method for the lobsters in the rice field provided by the invention comprises the steps of firstly reforming the rice field, installing a trestle which is convenient for managers to manage the rice field between a central ridge and a peripheral ridge, then performing disinfection and fertilization on the rice field, planting water plants, and then throwing snails, reserving rice stakes with a certain height for the rice when the rice is harvested, enabling reserved rice stakes to turn green to provide a yin-sheltering place and a natural bait source for defective shrimps, sorting the crayfishes when the crayfishes are harvested, placing substandard crayfishes, finless eels and loaches into the rice field to develop continuously, simultaneously placing other captured aquatic animals into the rice field to ensure the biological diversity of the rice field and guarantee the ecological balance, finally, raising the rice field, activating the fertility of the rice field, promoting the rice stakes to turn green, enabling the rice stakes to turn green to provide the yin-sheltering place and the natural bait source for the defective shrimps, and performing disinfection and fertilization again in the rice field after the raising is finished, the whole circulating breeding time is 3 years, namely the rice field is reformed again after three years, in the three-year circulating breeding process, the rice field only needs to be reformed and turned once, the labor intensity of rice field managers is reduced, meanwhile, the income of the rice field managers is greatly increased, the whole rice field lobster ecological circulating breeding method is very suitable for rural areas with scarce labor force, and a single rice field manager can manage a plurality of rice fields simultaneously.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical solutions and the inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An ecological cycle breeding method for rice field lobsters is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: rice field transformation; firstly, excavating a U-shaped shrimp culturing ditch along the periphery of a rice field to form a rice planting area in the center of the rice field, wherein the width of the bottom of the shrimp culturing ditch is 2-3m, the depth of the shrimp culturing ditch is 1-1.2 m, soil is piled on the outer side of the shrimp culturing ditch to form a peripheral ridge, a fence is arranged on the outer side of the peripheral ridge, the lower end of the fence is embedded into the soil by 25cm, the upper part of the fence is 55-60cm higher than the peripheral ridge, and the fence forms an angle of 90 degrees with the bottom surface; the center of the rice planting area is piled up with soil to form a center ridge, the height of the center ridge is higher than that of the rice field, the pile height of the center ridge is 50-60 cm, the gradient of the center ridge is controlled at 150 degrees, the area ratio of the shrimp culture ditch to the rice planting area of the rice field after transformation is 1: 3-4, and meanwhile, an anti-escape net is arranged at a drainage outlet of the rice field;
s2: sterilizing and fertilizing; spreading quicklime into the rice field according to the proportion of 30-35 kg/mu for disinfection, placing for 3-5 days, then injecting water into the shrimp culture ditch to the water level of 65-70cm, spreading farmyard manure on water neutralized soil according to the proportion of 600-700 kg/mu after water injection, placing for 5 days, and then planting waterweeds in the shrimp culture ditch;
s3: throwing snails; planting rice seedlings in a rice planting area in late April, waiting for a period of time, observing whether the seedlings are stable, and then throwing the spiral shells, wherein the throwing amount of the spiral shells is controlled to be 50-70 kg/mu;
s4: putting shrimp larvae; putting juvenile shrimps with the body length of 3-4cm into the shrimp culture ditches according to the volume of 4500-6000 shrimps per mu;
s5: daily management; feeding the shrimp larvae with special feed every 10 days at a rate of 15-20 kg/mu; after two months, feeding the special feed every twenty days at a rate of 40-50 kg/mu; when the feed is fed, the pest and disease damage control needs to be timely carried out, the rice field and the ditch need to be frequently patrolled, the condition that whether the crayfish escapes from the blind hole or not is observed, the water quality of the rice field is observed, particularly, the water quality needs to be kept fresh in summer, dissolved oxygen is sufficient, water is changed once a week, 1/3 water is changed every time, the transparency of the water in the shrimp culture ditch is kept at 30-35 cm, and quicklime is splashed once every 12-15 days;
s6: harvesting rice; harvesting the paddy after the paddy is mature, wherein the paddy needs to be left with paddy piles of a certain height when the paddy is harvested, and the height of the left paddy piles is controlled to be 20-30 cm;
s7: catching commercial shrimps; irrigating water for the shrimp culturing ditch after rice is harvested, so that finished crayfishes can be conveniently harvested, wherein the crayfishes are harvested by ground cages, the ground cages with the length of 10-20 meters and the number of grids of 20-30 are selected, and then the ground cages are uniformly placed in the shrimp culturing ditch;
s8: capturing and sorting; the ground cage in the S7 can capture a great amount of crayfishes and other aquatic animals, such as finless eels and loaches, wherein the crayfishes with the sizes and the weights meeting the standard of the commercial shrimps are selected and placed in special pots for the commercial shrimps, the crayfishes with the sizes and the weights not meeting the standard of the commercial shrimps are placed in defective shrimp pots, the finless eels and the loaches are sequentially placed in the finless eel pots and the loach pots, and the remaining aquatic animals, such as frog crabs and the like, in the ground cage are placed in the rice field again;
s9: raising the field; after the lobsters are captured, proper fertilization is needed to promote the turning green of the rice stakes, defective shrimps in the defective shrimp basin in the S8 are placed in the rice field again after the rice stakes are turned green, and the turning green of the rice stakes can provide a shade-avoiding place and a natural bait source for the defective shrimps.
2. The ecological cycle cultivation method for lobsters in rice fields as claimed in claim 1, wherein the height of the outer ridge in the S1 rice field transformation is consistent with that of the central ridge, and a trestle is arranged between the central ridge and the outer ridge.
3. The ecological cycle cultivation method for lobsters in rice fields as claimed in claim 1, wherein the filling required for the outer banks in the S1 rice field transformation is soil dug out from shrimp culture ditches.
4. The rice field lobster ecological cycle cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the S8 catching and sorting, the finless eels and the loaches in the finless eels and the loaches need to be sorted, the finless eels and the loaches with the standard sizes are placed in the market for sale, and then the finless eels and the loaches with the standard sizes are placed in the rice field.
5. The ecological cycle cultivation method for lobsters in rice fields as claimed in claim 1, wherein after the cultivation of S9 is finished, S2 disinfection and fertilization are performed in the rice fields again, and the whole cycle cultivation time is 3 years, namely after three years, S1 rice field transformation is performed again.
6. The ecological cycle cultivation method for the rice field lobsters as claimed in claim 1, wherein the young shrimps are washed with 3-5% salt solution before the S4 shrimp larvae are released, so that the young shrimps are disinfected.
7. The method for ecologically and circularly culturing the lobsters in the rice field as claimed in claim 1, wherein a certain amount of live EM bacteria liquid can be applied to the shrimp culture ditches after the aquatic weeds are planted in the S2 disinfection fertilization.
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