CN113647349A

CN113647349A - Rice and shrimp comprehensive planting and breeding method based on non-furrow rice field transformation

Info

Publication number: CN113647349A
Application number: CN202110515231.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨海; 刘荣军; 叶峻
Original assignee: Yibin Haide Aquatic Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Yibin Haide Aquatic Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-05-12
Filing date: 2021-05-12
Publication date: 2021-11-16
Anticipated expiration: 2041-05-12
Also published as: CN113647349B

Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于无沟化稻田改造的稻虾综合种养方法，属于农业种植养殖技术领域，本发明的步骤包括：稻田改造无需开挖环沟，直接晒田；在晒田7‑14天后，对田埂进行加高加固；在田埂外周设置防逃设施；建设进排水系统；水稻育秧；一次田块除杂；插秧；一次晒田施肥；一次上水；稻虾双收；第二轮循环养殖等步骤，本发明通过无沟化和两次晒田处理，小龙虾的成活率可以达到90%以上，且产量更高，同时易产大虾；该养殖方法使小龙虾提前一个半月上市，在三月和八月上市的龙虾价格比平常高出一倍多；稻虾养殖在不影响水稻正常种植的基础上更充分利用了水稻空闲期养殖龙虾，时间节点易把控，具有种植养殖方法简单、投入成本较少、经济效益佳等优点。The invention discloses a method for comprehensive planting and breeding of rice and shrimp based on the transformation of ditchless paddy fields, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting and breeding. After 14 days, the ridges were heightened and reinforced; anti-escape facilities were set up around the ridges; water intake and drainage systems were constructed; rice seedlings were raised; In the steps of rotary culturing and the like, in the present invention, the survival rate of crayfish can reach more than 90% by means of no ditching and two drying treatments, and the output is higher, and it is easy to produce prawns; On the market, the price of lobsters listed in March and August is more than double the usual price; rice and shrimp farming makes full use of the idle period of rice to cultivate lobsters on the basis of not affecting the normal planting of rice. The breeding method is simple, the input cost is less, and the economic benefit is good.

Description

Rice and shrimp comprehensive planting and breeding method based on non-furrow rice field transformation

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting and breeding, in particular to a comprehensive rice and shrimp breeding method based on non-trenching rice field transformation.

Background

In the south of the Sichuan, the farmland is mainly shallow dunes, the foundation facilities of the farmland are poor, the flood control and drought control capabilities are weak, the terrain is uneven, the height fluctuation is large, the farmland is small, and the farmland is scattered and messy, and the single planting benefit is not ideal. With the intensive and large-scale development of the breeding industry, a novel comprehensive rice and shrimp breeding method gradually walks into the visual field of farmers. The comprehensive breeding of the rice and the shrimps is a mode of interplanting crayfishes while planting rice in a paddy field. The breeding mode has the effects of stabilizing grain production, improving the soil quality of the rice field and promoting the stable production and the conservation of aquatic products. The comprehensive planting and breeding of the rice and the shrimps puts forward higher requirements on farmlands, and the traditional ditch and drainage construction, water storage and drainage construction and infrastructure construction are large in investment and high in cost.

The traditional rice and shrimp planting and breeding method refers to a rice and shrimp mode, the open-loop ditch treatment is carried out by occupying about 10% of planting area of a farmland, the width of a loop ditch reaches 150-200cm, then earthwork generated in ditching is utilized to heighten and reinforce a ridge, a 30-50cm slope protection area is formed on the inner side of the ridge, and the height is increased by 50-70 cm.

In addition, the farmland in the south of the Sichuan is mainly shallow dunes, the foundation facilities of the farmland are poor, the flood control and drought control capabilities are weak, in addition, the farmland is uneven, the height fluctuation is large, the farmland is small, the farmland is scattered and messy, and the single planting benefit is not ideal. The development of comprehensive planting and breeding of rice and shrimps is a mode for improving the benefits of farmers, however, the characteristic of the typical farmland in south China has many problems if the traditional ditching planting and breeding is adopted, so that the cost is high, the yield is low, and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a comprehensive rice and shrimp planting and breeding method based on non-trenching rice field transformation, so as to solve the problems.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a comprehensive rice and shrimp planting and breeding method based on non-furrow rice field transformation is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) transformation of rice field

1.1) directly drying the paddy field in the sun without ditching;

1.2) heightening and reinforcing the ridge 7-14 days after sunning the field;

1.3) arranging escape-proof facilities around the ridge;

1.4) constructing a water inlet and drainage system;

(2) breeding of rice and shrimp

2.1) raising rice seedlings;

2.2) removing impurities from the field once;

2.3) transplanting rice seedlings;

2.4) one-time field drying and fertilizing;

2.5) adding water for the first time;

2.6) double harvest of rice and shrimp.

The invention does not carry out ditching treatment on the rice field, namely, trenchless treatment is carried out, the rice field is fully exposed twice a year, most harmful germs can be killed by ultraviolet rays in sunlight, and the invention has good effects of disinfection and bottom improvement. In addition, in the field drying process, the crayfishes which are diseased and have poor activity cannot find a proper living space well by punching due to weak viability, so that most of the crayfishes are naturally eliminated; the high-quality crayfish has strong competitiveness and quick stress response, and can be holed for survival in the first time. Through the natural competition, the crayfish breed is superior and inferior, the reserved crayfish breed is continuously evolved to the direction of excellence, the breed degradation caused by self-reproduction and autotrophy of the crayfish is effectively prevented, and the occurrence of the 5 month plague (natural breeding) is basically avoided.

As a preferred technical scheme: in the step (2), the time points of the steps are as follows:

2.1) raising rice seedlings between 3 months and 5 days to 3 months and 25 days every year;

2.2) removing impurities before transplanting rice seedlings;

2.3) transplanting rice seedlings between 4 months and 25 days to 5 months and 5 days every year;

2.4) performing field drying fertilization once between 5 months and 10 days to 5 months and 20 days every year;

2.5) watering between 6 months and 5 days to 6 months and 25 days every year;

2.6) harvesting rice between 8 months and 10 days to 8 months and 20 days every year, and then catching the crayfishes;

by controlling the time points, the situation that shrimps appear in 15 days from 8 months to 15 months every year can be guaranteed, and the price of the crayfish in the whole country is high, mainly because the catching amount of the crayfish in main producing areas such as Hubei and Jiangsu is reduced greatly, the market demand is reduced greatly, and the crayfish supply and demand are caused; the shrimp selling in the period just belongs to peak-shifting selling, and the maximum planting and breeding benefit is brought to farmers in shallow hills in south China.

In the step 2.1), the water storage depth of the field selected for seedling raising is firstly adjusted to 5-10cm, the crayfish in the field is thoroughly caught, then the water in the field is stored and drained, a seedling bed is prepared, rice seeds are uniformly scattered on the seedling bed, soil is used for covering the seedlings, and seedlings with the seedling age of 30-45 days, the number of leaves of 4-5 and the height of 12-18cm are transplanted; keeping the water depth of 50cm in the rice and shrimp field without raising the seedlings, and continuing to feed normally.

As a preferred technical scheme: in the step 2.2), the crayfishes in the field without seedling raising are thoroughly caught, then the water storage depth of all the fields including the field with seedling raising is adjusted to 5-10cm, and tea cakes and tea seed cakes are put into the fields to remove harmful organisms.

As a preferred technical scheme: in the step 2.4), all the water in the shrimp rice field is completely drained when the field is sunned, the field sunning time is 3-4 weeks, the rice and shrimp field is sunned until the soil on the upper layer of the field surface is cracked by 3-5cm, and the soil on the lower layer is kept moderately moist; then, applying fermented farmyard manure or biological organic fertilizer in the field, wherein the amount of the fermented farmyard manure or biological organic fertilizer is about 100-300kg per mu, and preferably the fermented farmyard manure or biological organic fertilizer is applied in the noon of a sunny day; and after the fertilizer is applied, drying the field in the sun for 3-5 days.

As a preferred technical scheme: in the step 2.5), the water feeding level depth is half of that of the rice seedlings which are submerged; after watering, the shrimp fry density is controlled at 6000-; feeding continuously for 2 months after watering, wherein when the temperature is higher than 20 ℃, the daily bait dosage is 3-6% of the shrimp weight, and when the temperature is lower than 20 ℃, the daily bait dosage is 1-3% of the shrimp weight; the feed amount fed each time is preferably finished in 2 hours; feeding at fixed time and fixed point every day on the platform or the side slope.

As a preferred technical scheme: after step 2.6), the following steps are also included:

2.7) secondary impurity removal;

2.8) secondary field drying and fertilizing;

2.9) secondary watering;

2.10) feeding;

2.11) centralized selling seedlings;

2.12) fully feeding;

2.13) off-peak sales.

As a further preferable technical scheme: the time points after step 2.6) are controlled as follows:

2.7) carrying out secondary impurity removal every 9 months, 10 days to 9 months and 20 days;

2.8) after the secondary impurity removal, performing secondary field drying fertilization, wherein the field drying time is 2-3 weeks;

2.9) carrying out secondary water supply for 25 days in 9 months to 5 days in 10 months every year;

2.10) feeding after the water is supplied for the second time to 12 months and 15 days, wherein the feeding amount is 1 percent of the weight of the shrimps;

2.11) carrying out centralized seedling selling at 12-15 days every year to 1-15 days in the next year;

2.12) fully feeding in 1 month and 15 days to 2 months and 15 days every year;

2.13) every year, the sale is carried out in a staggered mode from 2 months and 15 days to 3 months and 15 days.

As a further preferable technical scheme: in the step 2.11), all the caught old shrimps and prawns are caught in the catching process, if the density of the shrimps in the rice shrimp field is too small, the shrimp seedlings or large-sized shrimp seeds or brood parent shrimps are released, 20-30kg of lobsters are released per mu for primary cultivation, 5-10kg of lobsters are released per mu in the cultivated rice field, the male-female ratio is (2-3):1, and the density of the lobsters in the shrimp rice field is controlled to be 6000 plus materials and 8000 tails per mu is suitable

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

1. the investment is less: the self-breeding of the rice field is utilized to reduce the seedling throwing, and the self-breeding grains such as corn, soybean and the like can be used for feeding;

2. the effect is quick: the lobster breeding cycle is short, and the two-season shrimp seeds of the adult lobsters can be bred for two seasons in one year (the seedlings emerge in December and February, and the macrobrachium grown in April and August);

3. the survival rate is high: due to the adoption of trenchless and twice field drying treatment, the survival rate of the crayfishes can reach more than 90 percent, the yield is higher, and meanwhile, the crayfishes are easy to produce;

4. the profit is high: the crayfish bred in the south Sichuan area can be listed in the market one and a half months earlier than the main production area due to the temperature difference advantage, and the price of the crayfish listed in March and August is more than doubled than that of the crayfish listed in normal times.

5. The technology is simple and easy to understand: the rice and shrimp culture utilizes rice to culture lobsters in the idle period on the basis of not influencing the normal planting of the rice, and time nodes are easy to control;

6. and (4) sale without hindrance: due to the fact that lobsters are listed in the market in different seasons, the lobsters leave the water and can be transported for a long distance, so that a large number of early-stage lobsters can be sold to all big cities, when a large number of lobsters are listed in the whole country, the Nanxi lobsters are close to the tail stage, and a small number of lobsters listed in the tail stage can be listed nearby and locally.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a planting and breeding flow chart of embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.

Example 1: referring to fig. 1, a comprehensive rice and shrimp planting and breeding method based on non-trenching rice field transformation comprises the following steps:

1. transformation of rice field

1.1 non-ditch construction in field

In the shallow hilly area of south of Sichuan, the field is small, and the area of the paddy field can occupy a larger proportion after ditching by using an excavator, and exceeds the requirement that the area of a fish ditch in the technical guide for comprehensive planting and breeding of rice and fisheries in Sichuan province is not more than 10 percent. Secondly, the inventors have demonstrated through a number of practices: when the rice and shrimp are comprehensively cultivated, if ditching treatment is carried out, accumulated water in a ditch cannot be dried in the sun and thoroughly sunned when water is drained and the field is sunned, a large amount of residual bait and excrement are accumulated for a long time, a large amount of harmful bacteria and viruses are bred in a ring ditch, and when the temperature begins to rise every 5 months, the bacteria are bred in a large amount, so that a large amount of crayfish are ill and die, and the situation of covering all the army is very common;

the invention does not carry out ditching treatment on the rice field, namely, trenchless treatment is carried out, the rice field is fully exposed twice a year, most harmful germs can be killed by ultraviolet rays in sunlight, and the invention has good effects of disinfection and bottom improvement. In addition, in the field drying process, the crayfishes which are diseased and have poor activity cannot find a proper living space through punching due to weak viability, and most of the crayfishes are naturally eliminated; the high-quality crayfish has strong competitiveness and quick stress response, and can be holed for survival in the first time. Through the natural competition, the crayfishes are out of the high-quality crayfishes, the retained crayfishes have healthier and more active physiques, the varieties can be continuously evolved to the direction of excellence, the variety degradation caused by the self-reproduction and self-culture of the crayfishes is effectively prevented, the crayfishes with poorer physiques are eliminated, and the occurrence of the pest in 5 months (natural breeding) is basically avoided;

comparative example: the conventional ditching treatment is adopted, and the other treatment modes are the same as that of the embodiment, so that the following results are obtained: more than 80% of the rice and shrimp culture ponds subjected to ditching die due to May plague, the death rate is more than 90%, and the serious rice and shrimp culture ponds almost die; the embodiment adopts the trenchless treatment, the survival rate of the crayfishes reaches more than 90 percent, the embodiment is superposed with the operations of twice field drying and the like, and the survival rate reaches more than 99 percent;

1.2 Ridge construction

The field block in the shallow hilly area of south of the Sichuan is small, and the water can be stored for 30-40cm in the common paddy field. When the rice and shrimp are planted comprehensively, soil with moderate surface humidity is taken to heighten and reinforce the ridge 7-14 days after the field is sunned, so that the height of the ridge is increased by about 30cm, and a slope with the width of 40cm is formed on the inner side of the ridge and is used as a ridge slope protection area and a lobster breeding area; if the corresponding field piece is a high standard farmland, the water storage height can reach about 50cm, and only a 40cm slope needs to be built on the inner side of the ridge;

1.3 escape-proof facility construction

In the aspect of escape-proof facilities, an escape-proof wall is built around a ridge by using plastic mesh cloth, the lower part of the escape-proof wall is buried in the soil by 15cm, the upper part of the escape-proof wall is 60cm higher than the ridge, the escape-proof wall is supported and fixed by using wooden piles or bamboo poles at intervals of 150cm, and a calcium plastic plate with the height of about 30cm is sewn on the inner side of the upper part of the mesh cloth to form an inverted hanging. The inner wall of the escape-proof wall is not provided with protrusions, and four corners of the escape-proof wall are arc-shaped, so that lobsters cannot escape;

1.4 construction of Water intake and drainage System

For the rice and shrimp field, the water inlet and outlet are arranged at two opposite corners of the rice field to ensure smooth water flow, and the size of the water inlet and outlet is determined according to the water discharge of the rice field. And (5) inspecting the old fish culture rice field, and tamping the water inlet and outlet to prevent water leakage. The water inlet and outlet are preferably made of polypropylene PPR pipes, the water outlet pipe is L-shaped, one end of the water outlet pipe is buried at the bottom of the field block, the other end of the water outlet pipe can be removed, and the water level can be adjusted by utilizing the water pressure in the field. The water inlet and outlet are provided with a wire mesh or a double-layer dense mesh (about 20 meshes) so as to achieve the principle of no shrimp escape and no water blocking.

2. Breeding of rice and shrimp

2.1 raising of seedlings

Rice seedlings are raised 3 months and 15 days before and after each year. The rice seeds should be selected from the local high-quality, disease-resistant and lodging-resistant more than three-grade examined varieties, and the germination rate, moisture, purity and the like of the seeds need to meet the basic standards. The proper field needs to be selected for raising the seedlings, the water storage depth in the field is adjusted to 8cm firstly, and the crayfishes in the field are thoroughly caught (the proper amount of shrimp seedlings and 5% -10% of crayfish seeds enter the hole). Then storing water in the field block, drying, preparing a seedling bed, uniformly scattering rice seeds on the seedling bed, covering with soil, covering with a film according to requirements without exposing the seeds, and ensuring the seedling quality. Closely paying attention to the sowing period, the transplanting is preferably to select seedlings with the seedling age of about 45 days, the number of leaves of 4-5 and the seedling height of about 15 cm. Keeping the water depth of the rice and shrimp field which is not raised with seedlings to about 50cm, and continuing to feed normally.

2.2 removing impurities in one step

Transplanting seedlings before and after 5 months and 1 day each year. Before transplanting, thoroughly catching the crayfishes in the field without seedling raising, remaining a proper amount of the crayfish seedlings and 5% -10% of the crayfishes entering the hole after the thorough catching, then adjusting the water storage depth in all the fields (including the field with seedling raising) to 8cm, cleaning the pond by using tea cakes and tea seed cakes, removing harmful organisms such as wild trash fish, loaches, finless eels, field snails and the like, and creating a high-quality water environment for the rapid growth of the crayfishes; and secondly, the tea seed cake and the tea seed are also used as base fertilizers of the rice, so that the basic nutrition of the transplanted rice seedlings can be promoted.

2.3 transplanting of rice seedlings

After the impurity removal is finished, all the fields are arranged, and the fields are smooth and have no weeds. Seedlings about 15cm high were transplanted into each field around 5 months and 1 day. It is worth noting that during the planting process of rice, the density of field planting needs to be kept reasonable and perfect, so that the survival quality of rice seedlings can be ensured.

2.4 one-time fertilizer application in sun-drying field

Drying the field 5 months and 15 days before and after each year, wherein all the water in the shrimp rice field is completely drained when the field is dried, the field drying time is about 3-4 weeks, the rice and shrimp field needs to be dried until the soil on the upper layer of 5cm of the field surface cracks, and the soil on the lower layer keeps moderate humidity. Then, fermented farmyard manure or bio-organic fertilizer is applied to the field, about 200kg per mu, preferably at noon on a sunny day. If liquid fertilizer is applied, the injection amount is required to be lower than the height of the field surface, and 2/3 in the depth of the gap is submerged, so that the shrimps are not damaged. After the fertilizer is applied, the field needs to be sunned for 3-5 days, and the ultraviolet rays in the sunlight are utilized to remove harmful germs in the fertilizer, so that the probability of the attack of crayfish is reduced.

2.5 Once water feeding (disaster prevention and seedling control bait casting)

Generally, only two seedlings are thrown: namely, after watering once about 6.15 times every year, replanting once according to the density of the shrimp seedlings in the rice and shrimp fields to ensure that the density reaches about 7000 tails/mu;

the seedlings are planted for the first time at 12.15-1.15 per year, and the density reaches about 7000 tails/mu;

and starting watering about 15 days per year in 6 months, wherein the root system of the seedling is raised in place, and then controlling the water level depth to submerge half of the seedling. 5. In 6 months, the lobster is in a disaster high-emergence period, the pond needs to be patrolled every night, careful observation is carried out, and if problems are found, quicklime (50 kg per mu) needs to be used in time to thoroughly disinfect the rice field. 6. In 7 months, the flood is also a flood high-rise period, the weather condition needs to be noticed at any time, and when heavy rain occurs, water needs to be drained in time to make positive preparation for flood control.

After water feeding, the density of shrimp seeds in the rice shrimp field needs to be focused, if the density is too low, the seedlings need to be supplemented in time, if the density is too high, the shrimp seeds need to be caught for sale or transferred to a pond in time, and the density of the shrimp seeds is controlled to be 7000 tails/mu. Secondly, after water feeding, the feeding of crayfishes needs to be emphasized, the crayfishes are continuously fed for 2 months, and the high-quality lobster batch is mainly fed. When the temperature is higher than 20 ℃, the daily bait feeding amount is 5 percent of the shrimp weight, when the temperature is lower than 20 ℃, the daily bait feeding amount is 3 percent of the shrimp weight, and the feed amount fed each time is preferably 2 hours. The feeding amount should be reduced for more than 2 hours. Feeding at fixed time and fixed point every day on the platform or the side slope.

2.6 double harvest of rice and shrimp

Harvesting the rice around 8-15 days each year. After the rice is harvested, the water level of the rice and shrimp field is shallow, and thorough fishing is carried out. The first market high point appears in the price of the crayfishes in China from 15 months to 15 months every year, mainly because the fishing amount of the crayfishes in main producing areas such as Hubei and Jiangsu is greatly reduced, the market demand is reduced to a small extent, and the crayfishes are supplied and demanded. The shrimp selling in the period is just in peak-shifting sale, and the maximum breeding benefit is brought to farmers in the shallow hills in south China.

2.7 Secondary removal of impurities

The secondary impurity removal is carried out about 9 months and 15 days every year, and the mode is the same as that of the first time.

2.8 secondary fertilizer application in sun-drying field

And after the secondary impurity removal is finished, performing secondary field drying fertilization in the same manner as the first time, wherein the time period is about 2-3 weeks due to the higher temperature in 9 months.

2.9 Secondary watering (Water adjusting fertilizer water)

And performing secondary water supply around 10 months and 1 day each year, wherein the water depth is preferably 50 cm. Secondly, water and rich water are required to be adjusted in time, the water quality is generally good in yellow green or oil cyan, and the water transparency is preferably 30-35 cm. If the water quality is aged, a small amount of fresh water can be injected, and then the quick lime is added into the water and uniformly sprinkled in the whole pool or beneficial microbial preparation and chlorella seeds are used for periodically regulating the water quality. If the water color is light, the fertilizer should be applied timely. The fertilization needs to be carried out on the principle of 'seeing water and fertilizing a little for many times' so as to ensure that the water quality is 'fertile, alive, tender and cool'. The fertilizer water can be fish fertilizer or fermented farmyard manure or aquaculture fertilizer.

2.10 proper amount of feed

After the water is supplied twice every year, about 1 half month is needed between 12 months and 15 days, and the feeding amount is not too large and is about 1 percent of the weight of the shrimps. Secondly, the water and fertilizer water are also adjusted by paying attention during the period.

2.11 centralized selling of seedlings

And 4, selling the shrimp seeds with excessive density in the rice shrimp field in a centralized manner or breeding the shrimp seeds in different pools from 12 months to 15 months every year from 1 month to 15 months. Of course, the old shrimps and the large shrimps which are fished out should be sold out together in the fishing process. If the density in the rice and shrimp field is too low, stocking shrimp seedlings or large-sized shrimp seeds or brooding parent shrimps, putting about 25kg per mu of the initial breeding, putting about 6kg per mu of the raised rice field, wherein the male-female ratio is 2.5:1, and controlling the density of the lobsters in the shrimp field to 7000 tail/mu. In addition, in the one month period, proper feeding and water and fertilizer regulation water are required.

2.12 full feeding

Every year, the number of the seedlings in the rice shrimp field is proper, the water environment is adjusted to be in place, the seedlings are fed fully, the lobsters are guaranteed to eat enough, the nutrition is sufficient, the growth is fast, and therefore the shrimps can be bred, and more shrimps can be bred.

2.13 off-peak sales

Fishing and selling are carried out every 2 months and 15 days to 3 months and 15 days. During this period, the main producing areas of crayfishes such as Jiangsu in Hubei and the like enter the cold winter, the surface of the lake is frozen, and the crayfishes are sold fresh. However, people who have developed consumption habits all over the country continue to consume, and lobster restaurants in all over the country continuously open the door after the spring festival, so that the lobster market in the country is seriously less than and more than the demand, and the price of the lobsters is also increased. This is almost every year when crayfish is most expensive. At the moment, finished shrimps and shrimp seedlings are intensively caught, so that peak-shifting marketing is just achieved, and benefit maximization is achieved. Of course, if the field to be raised should be harvested well before 3 months and 15 days; the field without seedling raising can be caught according to market quotation, and the field can be caught completely before 5 months and 1 day of rice transplanting.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. a method for comprehensive cultivation of rice and shrimp based on ditchless paddy field transformation, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:

(1) Reconstruction of paddy fields

1.1) Do not ditch the paddy fields, but directly dry the fields;

1.2) After 7-14 days of drying the fields, heighten and reinforce the ridges;

1.3) Set up anti-escape facilities around the ridge;

1.4) Construction of the intake and drainage system;

(2) Rice and shrimp cultivation

2.1) Rice seedling raising;

2.2) A field removal of impurities;

2.3) Transplanting rice;

2.4) Fertilize the fields once;

2.5) One watering;

2.6) Double harvest of rice and shrimp.

2. a kind of comprehensive cultivation method of rice and shrimp based on ditchless paddy field transformation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (2), the time point of each step is:

2.1) Rice seedlings are raised between March 5th and March 25th every year;

2.2) Remove impurities before transplanting;

2.3) Transplant the rice between April 25th and May 5th every year;

2.4) Fertilize the fields once a year from May 10th to May 20th;

2.5) Sheungshui between June 5th and June 25th every year;

2.6) Rice is harvested from August 10th to August 20th every year, and then crayfish are caught.

3. a kind of comprehensive cultivation method for rice and shrimp based on ditchless paddy field transformation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step 2.1), the field selected for raising seedlings first adjusts the water storage depth in the field to 5-10cm, thoroughly fish the crayfish, then drain the water in the field, prepare the seedling bed, spread the rice seeds evenly on the seedling bed, cover the seed with soil, and choose the seedling age of 30 for transplanting. To 45 days, the number of leaves is 4 to 5, and the seedling height is 12-18cm; the rice and shrimp fields without seedlings are kept at a depth of 50cm and continue to be fed normally.

4. a kind of comprehensive cultivation method of rice and shrimp based on the transformation of ditchless paddy field according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step 2.2), the crayfish in the uncultivated field is thoroughly fished, and then the The water storage depth in all fields, including the seedling fields, is adjusted to 5-10cm, and the tea leaves and tea seeds are put in to remove the harmful organisms.

5. a kind of comprehensive cultivation method of rice and shrimp based on ditchless paddy field transformation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step 2.4), first all shrimp and paddy field water are all drained when drying the fields, and the drying time For 3-4 weeks, the rice and shrimp fields are sun-dried until the upper 3-5cm soil of the field has cracks, and the lower soil should be kept moderately moist. -300kg, preferably applied at noon on a sunny day; after the fertilizer application is completed, the fields are dried for 3-5 days.

6. a kind of comprehensive cultivation method of rice and shrimp based on ditch-free paddy field transformation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step 2.5), the water level depth of water is submerged to half of the seedlings; The seedling density is controlled at 6000-8000 tails/mu; after the water is fed for 2 consecutive months, when the temperature is higher than 20 ℃, the daily feeding amount is 3-6% of the shrimp body weight, when the temperature is lower than 20 ℃, The daily feeding amount is 1-3% of the shrimp body weight; the amount of feed fed each time is based on the standard of 2 hours; it is fed on the platform or slope at regular and fixed points every day.

7. a kind of comprehensive cultivation method of rice and shrimp based on ditchless paddy field transformation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: after step 2.6), also comprises the following steps:

2.7) Secondary impurity removal;

2.8) Secondary sun drying and fertilization;

2.9) Secondary watering;

2.10) Feeding;

2.11) Centralized sales of seedlings;

2.12) Sufficient feeding;

2.13) Off-peak sales.

8. a kind of comprehensive cultivation method for rice and shrimp based on ditchless paddy field transformation according to claim 7, is characterized in that: the time point after step 2.6) is controlled as:

2.7) Secondary cleaning is carried out from September 10th to September 20th every year;

2.8) After the second impurity removal is completed, the second drying and fertilizing are carried out, and the drying time is 2-3 weeks;

2.9) Secondary watering is carried out from September 25th to October 5th every year;

2.10) From the second time to December 15, feeding is carried out, and the feeding amount is 1% of the shrimp body weight;

2.11) From December 15th every year to January 15th of the next year, the seedlings will be sold in a centralized manner;

2.12) Full feeding is carried out from January 15th to February 15th every year;

2.13) From February 15th to March 15th, staggered sales are conducted every year.

9. a kind of comprehensive cultivation method of rice and shrimp based on ditchless paddy field transformation according to claim 7, is characterized in that: in step 2.11), in the fishing process, all the old shrimp and prawns that are caught are caught , If the shrimp density in the rice and shrimp fields is too low at this time, stocking shrimp seedlings or large-sized shrimp species or broodstock broodstock, put 20-30kg per mu in the initial breeding, and 5-10kg per mu in the raised rice fields. The male-to-female ratio (2 -3): 1. The density of lobsters in shrimp paddy fields is controlled to 6000-8000 tails/mu.